Ratio and Proportion

Nurina Ayuningtyas
Wahyu Fajar
Yan Aditya
Yola Yaneta
 Ratio and Proportion
1. Do they same?
2. What’s the differ among them?

LET’S CHECK THIS OUT!!!!

We often encounter things ralated to ratios in
daily life, for example:
a. Tony’s age is greater than Rudy’s
b. Rony’s weight is twice of Rino’s
c. The area of Mr.Mike’s field is larger than
Mr.Samiden
Comparing two quantities or more can be
performed by two methods., nemely : through
difference and division (quotient).

For example: Ryo’s age is 18 years and Tyo’s

age is 6 years old. Their age can be compared
in two methods, namely:
A.ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENCE

Ryo’s age is 12 years older than Tyo’s

age, or Tyo’s age is 12 years younger
than Ryo’s age.

In this case, the ratio of both children’s

ages is done by finding the difference,
namely: 18 – 6 = 12
B. ACCORDING TO DIVISION

Ryo’s age is three times of Tyo’s age.

In this case, the ratio of both children’s

ages is done by finding the quotient ,
namely:

18 : 6 = 3
 Comparing Two Quantities of the Same Kind

One day Rony and Rina go to shop to buy

some pencils. They went at morning, the buy
some pencils for a test tomorrow. Rony
bought 8 pencils and Rina bought 5 pencils.
Now they have 13 pencils to preparing test at
tomorrow.
 From the story above ,answer the question
below!!!
1. How many pencils does Rony have?
2. How many pencils does Rina have?

Record the result on a table!

Rony’s pencils Rina’s pencils

8 pencils 5 pencils
From the table, we can say that the ratio of
Rony’s book to Rina’s book is 8 : 5

From the table, we can say that the ratio of

Rina’s book to Rony’s book is 5 : 8
To make a cup of coffee, 2 teaspoons of
coffee and 3 teaspoons of sugar are
needed. Find the ratio of the coffee to
the sugar to make a cup of coffee.

The ratio is 2 : 3
 Find the amount of the coffee and the sugar
to make
1. Two cups of coffee
2. Five cups of coffee
3. Eight cups of coffee
Two cups of coffee

To make a cup of coffee, the ratio of coffee to sugar is 2 : 3

The sum of coffee and sugar that needed to make two cups of coffee is

Cups of coffee times the ratio.

2 x 2 teaspoons of coffee = 4 teaspoons
2 x 3 teaspoons of sugar = 6 teaspoons
It means that the sum of coffee is 4 teaspoons and the sum of sugar is 6
teaspoons
Five cups of coffee

To make a cup of coffee, the ratio of coffee to sugar is 2 : 3

The sum of coffee and sugar that needed to make five cups of coffee is

Cups of coffee times the ratio.

5 x 2 teaspoons of coffee = 10 teaspoons
5 x 3 teaspoons of sugar = 15 teaspoons
It means that the sum of coffee is 10 teaspoons and the sum of sugar is
15 teaspoons
Eight cups of coffee

To make a cup of coffee, the ratio of coffee to sugar is 2 : 3

The sum of coffee and sugar that needed to make eight cups of coffee is

Cups of coffee times the ratio.

8 x 2 teaspoons of coffee = 16 teaspoons
8 x 3 teaspoons of sugar = 24 teaspoons
It means that the sum of coffee is 16 teaspoons and the sum of sugar is
24 teaspoons
We can conclude that RATIO is…
two "things" (numbers or quantities in same
unit) compared to each other.
SCALED DRAWING
 SCALED DRAWING

We often find scaled pictures or

models as maps, ground plan of a
building house and a model of a car
or plane in daily life. The following
are several examples of scaled
pictures and models.
SCALED DRAWING
 Ilustration
• For example : a father ask his child to draw his
rectangular land of 500m for long and 300 m
wide. It’s imposibble to draw a piece of land in
actual measurement, but congruent to its
origin.
• 1 cm represent 100 m so that 500m
represented by 5 cm and 300m represented
by 3 cm
What is the definition of scaled
picture?
A scaled picture is a picture made to represent
a real object or situation in a certain measure.

With a scaled picture we know object or

situation as a whole without watching the
actual object.
• For example the piece of land in the form of a
rectangle 500 m long and 300 m wide is
represented by a figure of a rectangle of 5 cm
long and 3 cm wide as the figure below.

3 cm

5 cm
 Can you find the scale?

To find the scale we can compare

between the model picture and the
actual measurement.
Based on the explanation above, we can
make the following ratio :
The Ratio between the measurement on
the model picture and the actual
measurement is called scale and formulated
as follows
 Exercises
A map is made to scale of 1 : 200.000, find :
a. The actual distance if the distance on the
map is 5 cm.
b. The distance on the map if the actual
distance is 120 km.
c. Given on the map that the distance of two
towns is 4 cm, while the actual distance is
160 km, Find the scale of the map!
 Exercises

Answer :
a. 30 km
b. 60 cm
c. 1 : 4.000.000
Factor of Enlargement and Reduction
on Scaled Picture and Model
 Factor of Enlargement and Reduction
on Scaled Picture and Model

What the purpose of this?

• A very small object can be seen and

learned easily if it is enlarged by
picture using a certain scale.
• And the very big object can be
reducted by picture using certain scale
 • For example :
A rectangle have long 2 cm and width 1
cm. In order to be clearly seen, the
componens is enlarged three times.

Length = 2 cm x 3 = 6 cm
Width = 1 cm x 3 = 3 cm

1 cm
3 cm
2 cm

6 cm
 • The ratio before and after
enlargement :

1 cm
3 cm
2 cm

6 cm
1 cm
3 cm
2 cm

6 cm

The enlargement in the example above has a factor of scale 3 or

Both have the ratio 3 : 1. It means that all measurement on the
shape the product of enlargement represents 3 times of the
actual shape.
 Story 6 cm

2 cm 4 cm

3 cm

A photo have long 3 cm and width 2 cm.

• Because there are something, the
photo’s size become 6 cm of length, 4
cm of width.
 What is your 6 cm

2 cm 4 cm

3 cm

• What is the happen of before and after?

What is the enlargement of this picture?
• What is your conclution?
 Conclution

• Factor of scale where k>1 is

called factor of enlargement
 Story
60 cm

20 cm
2m

6m

A bus have long 6 m and width 2 m.

If someone want to make a model of
bus, so the model of bus made of 60 cm
length and 20 cm width.
 What you see?

• What is the reduction of bus and this model?

• What is your conclution?
 Conclution

• Factor of scale where 0<k<1 is

called factor of reduction
 Exercises
A photograph of 4 cm high and 3 cm wide
is enlarged in such away that its width is
6 cm. Find :
a. The factor of scale
b. The height after enlargment
c. Ratio of area before and after
enlargement
 Exercises
a. Factor of scale =

So the factor of scale is 2 or 2:1

b. The height after enlargement =
Factor of scale x the height of photograph
=2x4
= 8 cm
 Exercises
c. Ratio of the photograph area before and
after enlargement
MILES 45 90 135 180 225

HOURS 1 2 3 4 5
MILES 45 90 135 180 215

HOURS 1 2 3 4 5
DOLLAR 9 18 27 36 45

HOURS 1 2 3 4 5
DOLLAR 12 24 36 48 60

HOURS 1 2 3 4 5
 “8 dollars
for 2 books" equals “24 dollars
for 6 books".
 Ratio or Proportion?
two out of five
four to every ten
This is a … proportion
ratio
This is a …

ten to every four

four out of ten
ratio
This is a …
This is a …
proportion

4:10
ratio
This is a …
 Ratio, Proportion or Fraction?
3 Aremania fans to every 2 Bonekmania fans
This is a … ratio

9 girls out of 10 use soap

This is a … proportion

3 boys out of 10 use deodorant

This is a … proportion
Andi buys a pair of shorts at the price of Rp 15.000,00.
The price for two shorts, 3 shorts, and so on can be seen
on the following table:
Number of Shorts (units) Price

One Shorts/1 Rp 15.000,00

Two Shorts/2 Rp 30.000,00
Three Shorts/3 Rp 45.000,00
Four Shorts/4 Rp 60.000,00
Five Shorts/x y
The table above indicates that the more shorts Andi buys the more money
he has to spend. But, the amount of price for each shorts is always the
same on each line:
Henceforth, the equation of the portion of the number of shorts and the
portion of prices on two certain lines is always same.
Example:

The quotient of the ratios on the other two line is:

So, the number of shorts and the price always increase or decrease at the
same ratio, so that we say there is a direct proportion between the number of
shorts and the price.
THERE’RE TWO METHODS TO CALCULATE A DIRECT
PROPORTION:

1. CALCULATION BASED ON UNIT VALUE

2. CALCULATION BASED ON PROPORTION

A car can travel 180 km in 3 hours. How long does the car
need to travel 240 km?
 The time for 180 km = 3 jam
 The time for 1 km =

 The time to travel 240 km = x 240 = 4 hours

 Number of shirts Price of shirt
3 75.000
5 n

From table above, the proportion of the number of shits on this first line to
the second is 3:5 or , while the proportion of the price is 75.000 : n or
The calculation of the price of 5 shirts by using a proportion is as follows.

Side term and mid term Cross Multiplication

3 : 5 = 75.000 : n
or

3n = 5 x 75.000 3n = 5 x 75.0000

n=
1. The price of three meters of cloth is Rp 54.000,00. How many
maters of cloth is obtained by Rp 144.000,00?

2. The price of 3 kg of apples is Rp 36.000,00. What is the price of 15

kg of apples?
1. The price of 3 meters of cloth = Rp 54.000,00
The price of 1 meter of cloth =

With Rp 144.000 we can obtain

So, we can obtain 8 meters of cloth.

2. If the number of apples increase, hence the price also increase. It

means that the question above represent a direct proportion,
Number of apples (kg) Price (rupiah)
3 36.000

15

So, the price of 15 kg of apples is Rp 180.000,00

 In order that you know the graph of a direct proportion, consider the
following description. The table below indicates a relation between
the number of chocolate and the price.

Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
chocolate Bar

Price 1.500 3.000 4.500 6.000 7.500 9.000 10.500 13.000 14.500
 16000

14000

Price of chocolate
12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of chocolate
Times (hours) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Distance (km) 40 80

1. Complete the table above!

2. Make its graph using the same scale!
3. Based on the graph, calculate the distance taken in 2 and a half!
 400

350

300

Distance (km) 250

200

150

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Times (hours)
Solution of c.
 The distance for 1 hour = 40 km
 The distance for 2 hour and a half = x 40 km = 100 km
Inverse Proportion

INVERSE PROPORTION
• Review : In direct proportions, when one row
of a table shows that the proportion gets
larger, the numbers in the other row or rows
get "proportionally" larger.

• But, it’s different with inverse proportion. In

these proportions, one row gets smaller at the
same time that another gets larger.
 Application of Inverse Proportion

The speed of Car A is 60 cm/sec. It needs 3 second to go until fin

The speed of Car B is 30 cm/sec. It needs 6 second to go until fin

So, which one the fastest???? Why???

The proportional quotient of the average speed and time proportio
on two certain lines always represent multiplication inverse of eac

2 is the inverse of ½
 Example
• 12 workers build a wall in 10 hours. How long
do 5 worker build the wall?
• Solution
If the number of workers decreases, then the time needed will
increase, so that the question above represents an inverse proportion.

Number of worker Time

12 10
5 n
 Exercise
• Mother distributes cookies to 28 children and
each of them gets 4 pieces of cookies. How
many cookies does each child get if the
cookies are divides to 16 children?