PRECAST RC SQUARE PILE

The aim of pile design is to provide a footing which will safely support the superstructure over its design life. The footing shall be durable, and of adequate strength and the footing performance shall be compatible with the superstructure so that it remains serviceable and can perform its intended function. Piles are considered of displacement type and they shall be designed for both structural and geotechnical strength requirements. As geotechnical design involves pile - soil interaction the capacity then shall be usually assessed vide static pile load testing. Once the piles are driven to their nal position the stresses caused by foundation loading are likely to be much lower than those caused by handling and driving. The reinforcement requirements are predominantly catered for handing during manufacture, storage, transport and on site as appropriate. SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN Piles shall be designed to BS 8110 or CP 116 and to MS 1314 (see table 1, 2 and 3). Any special design criteria or to other relevant codes, speci cations and requirements can be ful lled if required. The ultimate bearing capacity for a pile shall be calculated vide empirical dynamic pile formula or by a static formula and conclusively determined by test loading. APPLICATION Civil Engineering and building structures on land or immediate inshore locations intended for use as permanent structures. MANUFACTURE Steel forms are employed to manufacture the piles in a factory-controlled environment. After the concrete has been placed, vibrated by internal vibrators and cured the products are stripped from the stationery steel forms and the production cycle is then repeated. CONCRETE MATERIAL AGGREGATE Coarse aggregates shall comply with MS 29. The nominal maximum size shall not exceed 20mm. ADMIXTURES Admixtures when used shall comply with MS 922. Calcium choride or admixture based on calcium choride shall not be used. CONCRETE The fully compacted concrete shall have a minimum cement content of 350 kg/cu.m for normal and easy driving conditions and the characteristic strength of concrete shall be 45 N/sq.mm. However for hard and very hard driving condition and in marine works a minimum cement content of 400 Kg/cu.m is recommended to be used. REINFORCEMENT Reinforcing steel shall comply to MS 146 for main longitudinal bar and MS 144 for the lateral links. JOINTS In lengthening of piles the mild steel and plates are butt (blunt point), jointed centerally and axially and subjected to eld full penetration butt welding. Cast iron shoes are usually required only when driven into rocks, coarse gravel and othersoils liable to damage the concrete at the tip of the pile. ( g 1) LIFTING AND STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS Units shall be lifted at designated lifting points provided along the pile and preferably by means of a spreader beam to avoid and undue stresses. All units shall be stored on an unyielding ground and stacked with timber. SURFACE FINISH Small blemishes caused by entrapped air or water may be expected but the surface shall be free from voids, honey combing or other large blemishes. MARKING Each unit shall be clearly indenti ed and position for lifting as in use shall be indicated by lifting hooks. DIMENSION The maximum permissible derivations from the manufacturing mean dimension shall not exceed BS 8110:Pt 1:1985 requirements. QUALITY ASSURANCE Quality Assurance in the manufacture of the products is provided vide established MS ISO 9001 Quality Management System. PILE DRIVING Pile can be installed commonly by hammering, pushing, jacking, screwing, vibrating or other means to force them into the ground so as to transmit loads to the soil or rock. These piles can be easily extended by splicing additional length of piling. Pile preparation for testing shall generally involve all practical steps to ensure that the hammer and pile are aligned to prevent bending of the pile during the test blows, and that the hammer strikes a ush sound surface perpendicular to the pile axis. Test driving is recommended as it provides a clue to the strata, load bearing capacity leading to valuable informations for selection of the best pile driving plant and of the best pile type. As to stresses induced during installation they may be obtained from a wave equation analysis or directly measured during pile driving, using dynamic pile testing equipment. As a rule of thumb and from lessons of experience also from successful applications the maximum calculated stress in piles during driving shall not exceed 0.8fcu in compression and in tension 0.8sqrt(fcu) where fcu is the compressive strength of cube in MPa at the time of driving. Experience shows that even during properly executed driving of reinforced concrete piles, hair line cracks cannot always be avoided. They are unobjectionable as long as they do not exceed a certain number and a certain crack width. Relevant global industry standards permit cracks up to a width of 0.15mm which has proven, according to the present knowldge to be harmless.

TABLE 1 ACP BRAND `STANDARD PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE SQUARE PILES - GRADE OF CONCRETE 45MPa PILE NOMINAL DIMENSIONS AND REINFORCEMENT DETAILS Nominal size (mmxmm) 150x150 175x175 200x200 225x225 250x250 300x300 350x350 380x380 400x400 Main Longitudinal Reinforcement No. Dia.(mm) 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 8 9 10 12 10 16 20 20 20 Mild Steel Wire Size (mm) 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 Lateral Reinforcement (Links) P S2 S1 (mm) (mm) (mm) 57 52 50 45 42 53 46 44 42 450 525 600 675 750 900 1050 1145 1200 57-72 52-85 50-100 45-112.5 42-125 53-145 46-145 44-125 42-125 Q (mm) 450 525 600 675 750 900 1050 1145 1200 S3 (mm) 72 85 100 112.5 125 145 145 125 125 R (mm) 4200 3900 6600 6300 9000 8400 7800 7420 7200

Note 1 : R - refer to recommended maximum length at middle transition section of pile. Mild Steel joint plate shall be in accordance with Table 2 for dierent application as approciate, other details remain unchanged as in Table 1. TABLE 3 TABLE 2 MILD STEEL JOINT PLATE THICKNESS (mm) TYPE Nominal Size ACP BRAND `STANDARD ACP BRAND `MS 1314 (mm) (mm) (mmxmm) 150x150 175x175 200x200 225x225 250x250 300x300 350x350 380x380 400x400 4.5 4.5 5 6 6 8 8 9 9 6 6 9 9 9 9 12 12 12 PILE STRUCTURAL CAPACITY Nominal Longitudinal Maximum Ulitimate Size Reinforcement Area Axial Working Load* Axial Load** (mmxmm) (mm2) (Tonnes) (Tonnes) 150x150 175x175 200x200 225x225 250x250 300x300 350x350 380x380 400x400 201 254 314 452 628 804 1256 1256 1256 31 42 55 71 88 125 173 200 219 47 64 83 107 134 190 264 303 331

Note 2: * Maximum Axial Working Load is in accordance with BS 8004/CP 116. ** Ultimate Axial Load2 is in accordance with BS 8110. Formula to determine maximum axial load working load* Formula to determine ultimate axial load** Reference 1. BS 8004 : 1986 Clause 7.4.2.3.2 2. CP 116, Clause 321.b, equation 17 & table 8 Po = Pcc Ac + PscAsc Where Po = Permissible axial load as a short column Pcc = Permissible stress for the concrete in direct compression (0.27fcu) Ac = Cross sectional area of concrete excluding accessories and reinforcing steel Psc = Permissible compressive stress for longitudinal steel (0.55fy and > 175 N/mm2) Asc = Cross sectional area of the longitudinal steel. fy = Guaranteed yield or proof stress. Where Reference 1. BS 8004 : 1986 Clause 7.4.2.3.2 2. BS 8110 : Pt 1 : 1985 clause 3.8.4, equation 38 N = 0.4fcuAc + 0.75fyAsc N = Ultimate Axial load fcu = Characteristic strength of concrete at 28 days. Ac = Cross sectional area of concrete excluding accessories and reinforing steel. fy = Characteristic yield strength of longitudinal steel Asc = Cross sectional area of the longitudinal steel.

Note : Speci cation and details shown in brochure subject to change without prior notice due to product development, changing customer and industry requirements.