ORAL MUCOSA

Oral epithelium Lamina propria Submucosa

Stratified squamous
Papillary Reticular glands
epithelium or
layer layer
fat cells
Keratinized -Non
:keratinized May
•ortho-keratin.
ortho or
may not
•para-keratin.
para  basal be
present
 intermediate
Basal cell layer  superficial
Prickle cell layer
Granular cell layer
Basement
Cornified cell layer membrane
 -Non
Keratinized keratinized
Epithelium epithelium
 Types of
Keratinization
Orthokeratinized Parakeratinized
st. sq. epith. st. sq. epith
 ORAL MUCOSA

MASTICATORY SPECIALIZED

GINGIVA, HARD PALATE DORSUM OFTONGUE

LINING

LOOSELY ATTACHED FIRMLY ATTACHED

ALVEOLAR MUCOSA, LIPS , CHEEKS,

FLOOR OF MOUTH VENTRAL SURFACE
VESTIBULAR FORNIX OF TONGUE
SOFT PALATE
 Masticatory Mucosa
GINGIVA HARD PALATE
Macro-anatomy : shape, regions…
Micro-anatomy:
Histological Structure
Epithelium: Lamina propria:
type  papillary layer
 epithelial  reticular layer
ridges Submucosa: glands
 present or absent b.v.
 associated structures nerves
adipose tissue
 Gingiva – Macro-Anatomy
pale
pink
Free gingiva
Gingival
Free stippling
gingival
groove

attached Interdental
fold
gingiva

Gingival
interdental
sulcus
col“ region“
Normal stippling Pigmentation
Extrinsic pigmentation:
Amalgum tattoo
 Gingiva – Micro-Anatomy Gingival
Gingival margin sulcus

Free gingiva
Space of
Sulcular epithelium enamel
Junctional epithelium
Free Dentin
gingival
groove
attached cementum
gingiva
dentino
Gingival stippling gingival
fibers
Histology of the Gingiva

keratenized stratified
squamous epithelium

Epithelial ridges long

Numerous
C.T papilla Slender
Irregular
Lamina propria

No submucosa
Gingival Ligament

A: Circular group
B: Dento-gingival group

C: Dento-periosteal group

D: Alveolo-gingival group
 Hard Palate Macro-anatomy
palatine incisive
rugae papilla
antero- median
lateral palatine
(fatty) zone raphe
postero- palatine
lateral gingiva
(glandular)
zone
soft
palate

uvula
Hard Palate Macro-
anatomy
 Histology of the Hard Palate

Epithelial ridges are

long,irregular and
numerous
Mucosa

Fatty zone

Glandular zone
Submucosa
Hard Palate Micro-anatomy
 ORAL MUCOSA

MASTICATORY SPECIALIZED

GINGIVA, HARD PALATE DORSUM OFTONGUE

LINING

LOOSELY ATTACHED FIRMLY ATTACHED

ALVEOLAR MUCOSA, LIPS , CHEEKS,

FLOOR OF MOUTH VENTRAL SURFACE
VESTIBULAR FORNIX OF TONGUE
SOFT PALATE
 LINING MUCOSA

FIRMLY ATTACHED LOOSELY ATTACHED

LIPS , CHEEKS, ALVEOLAR MUCOSA,

VENTRAL SURFACE VESTIBULAR FORNIX
OF TONGUE FLOOR OF MOUTH
SOFT PALATE
 The Lip

Vermilion zone

Skin Side

Mucous Membrane side

 The Lip Vermilion
zone

.Thin epith, thin keratin layer,high C.T. papillae, many b.v

Skin Side
Mucous
Membrane
side

epidermis
( stratum lucidum) salivary thick nonkeratinized
eleidin Sebaceous glands st. sq. epithelium
glands dense collagen f.
Seat & sebaseous
glands (occasional Fordyce spots) minor salivary glands
Skin Side
epidermis
( stratum lucidum)
eleidin
Seat & sebaseous
glands

A- Hair follicles
B- Sebaceous glannds
C- Sweat glands

Sweat glands
 The Lip
Skin Side

epidermis
(stratum lucidum)
Eleidin
•Hair follicles
•Sweat glands
• Sebaseous glands
Hair root

Hair papilla
Vermilion zone
(red zone)
Thin epith,
thin keratin layer,
high C.T. papillae,
many b.v.
Mucous Membrane Side
of the Lip

thick nonkeratinized
st. sq. epithelium
dense collagen f.
minor salivary glands
(labial glands)

(occasional Fordyce spots)

Sebaceous
glands
 Loosely Attached “Movable“mucosa

Alveolar mucosa
loosely attached
to periosteum

Vestibular fornix
allows mobility
of lips and cheeks

Floor of the mouth

loosly attached to
underlying structures
allows mobility of the tongue
 Loosely Attached“Movable“mucosa
Alveolar
mucosa
mucogingival
junction

Epithelium: ,.st. sq. nonker. epith

few or no epith. ridges
lamina ,Loose C.T
collagen & elastic fibers Submucosa:
thick elastic fibers
:propria
& mixed salivary
glands

Floor of the mouth .Very tin epith

lamina propria
highly vascularizes
Vestibular fornix
 Firmly Attached Immovable mucosa
Lip & cheek Soft palate Inferior surface
mucosa of the tongue

Oral side

:Nasal side
pseudustratified
.ciliated epith
 ventral surface of
the tongue

Firmly attached to underlying muscles

.Thin non.kert. st.sq. epith
Sew-teeth appearance of epith ridges
 Specialized
Mucosa
Tongue Dorsal Surface
Tongue Papillae
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
 Circumvallate papillae

”SEM“

von Ebner salivary glnds

 Circumvallate
papillae
trough

Von Ebner
salivary
gland
Von Ebner
salivary
gland
Foliate papillae
Taste Bud

SEM
H & E stain
Taste Bud
 Taste pore

Outer supporting cell -1

Inner supporting cell-2

Neuroepithelial cell -3
Taste distribution
Posterior Third of Tongue
lymphatic part
Lingual tonsil

Weber salivary gland (Pure

mucous gland
Lymphatic nodules Lingual crypt
(follicles)

Weber salivary glands