Oral Biology Department

Cairo University
Faculty of Oral and Dental
Medicine
 Oral mucous membrane
Hard palate

Dorsal surface of
the tongue
Cheek
mucosa

Gingiva
Vestibular
fornix
Alveolar Labial mucosa
mucosa
Classification of oral mucous membrane
Keratenized mucosa ( Masticatory mucosa)-1

Gingiva )A( Hard palate )B(

Non-keratenized mucosa (Lining mucosa) -2

Firmly attached )A( Loosely attached )B(

Soft Floor of
Ventral S Vestibule
palate lip cheeck mouth
tongue
Alveolar
Specialized mucosa -3 mucosa

Dorsal surface of the tongue

 Histological Structure

Epithelium
Basement Mucosa
membrane

Lamina propria
Submucosa
(C.T.)
 Oral Epithelium
Non-keratinized Keratinized
Keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa

Stratum cornium
Stratum
superficial
Stratum
granulosum

Stratum
Stratum
spinosum
intermedium

Stratum basal

Keratinized epithelium Non-keratinized epithelium

Keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium

Keratinized epithelium Non-keratinized epithelium

Cornified cell Superficial cell

layer layer
Granular cell intermediate
layer cell layer
Prickle cell layer

Basal cell layer

 Types of Oral Epithelium
Orthokeratinized stratified Parakeratinized stratified Nonkeratinized stratified
squamous epithelium squamous epithelium squamous epithelium

8
 Parakeratin Orthokeratin

Non-keratenized mucosa Keratenized mucosa

 The Odland bodies

• Determine type of epithelium

A: Keratinazied epithelium. (Odland body elongate lamellated)
B: Non keratinized epithelium. (circular Odland with dense core)
 Basement membrane
(By L/M)

Non-keratenized mucosa

Keratenized mucosa
Basement membrane (By E/M)

Lamina lucida

Lamina densa

Anchoring
fibers
Lamina propria
 Stratum
cornium

Stratum
granulosa
Stratum
spinousm

Stratum basal

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

 Stratum
cornium

Stratum
granulosa
Stratum
spinousm

Stratum basal

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratin

St. granulosa

Prickle cell layer

St. basal
Keratin
St. granulosa

Prickle cell layer

St. basal
Keratohyaline granules
 Keratin layer

Granular cell layer

Prickle cell layer

Keratinized epithelium
 Keratin layer

Granular cell layer

Prickle cell layer

Basal cell layer

Keratinized epithelium
 Keratin layer

Granular cell layer

Prickle cell layer

Keratinized epithelium
Non Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Stratum superficial

Stratum intermedium

Stratum basal

Non Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratin layer

Gingiva
Keratin layer

Gingiva
keratin

Gingiva
Keratin

Hard palate Submucosa

Non Keratinized
stratified Elastic lamina
squamous
epithelium
Mucous acini

Soft palate
Lining mucosa (non-keratinized epithelium)
Classification of oral mucous membrane
Keratenized mucosa ( Masticatory mucosa)-1

Gingiva )A( Hard palate )B(

Non-keratenized mucosa (Lining mucosa) -2

Firmly attached )A( Loosely attached )B(

Soft Ventral S Floor of Alveolar

Vestibule
palate lip cheeck tongue mouth mucosa

Specialized mucosa -3

Dorsal surface of the tongue

 Masticatory Mucosa

Gingiva Hard Palate

Macro-anatomy of the
gingiva
 Stippled –
orange peel
surface of
attached gingiva
Histology of Gingiva

Stratified squamous
keratenized epithelium

Epithelial rete peg

Lamina propria
No submucosa
Cornified layer
Granular cell layer
Epithelium
Spinous cell layer

Basal cell layer

Papillary layer
Lamina propria

Reticular layer
 Cornified layer

Granular cell layer

Spinous cell layer

Desmosomes
Gingival fibers
Gingival fibers
Hard palate
 Incisive papilla

Palatine gingiva Palatine rugae

Fatty zone Median palatine raphe

(Antero-lateral area)

Glandular zone
(Postero-lateral area)

Soft palate
 Cornified layer
Granular cell layer Epithelium
Spinous cell layer
Basal cell layer
Papillary layer
Lamina propria
Reticular layer

Submucosa

Fatty zone Glandular zone

(Antero-lateral area) (Postero-lateral area)
bone

Sub mucosa

Keratinized
epithelium
 Histology of hard palate

Mucosa

Fatty zone

Glandular zone Submucosa

 Histology of hard palate

Mucosa

Duct

Submucosa

Glandular zone