‫بسم ال الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫{ وكان فضل ال عليك عظيما }‬

‫صدق ال العظيم‬
NERVE AND MUSCLE
EXPERIMENTS
 The autonomic nervous system
Responsible for control of involuntary or
:visceral bodily functions
cardiovascular system-1
respiratory-2
digestive-3
urinary-4
reproductive-5
key role in the body’s response-6
to stress
 .The A.N.S
:Sympathetic system
.Flight or fright system

:Parasympathetic system
Feed or breed or rest response
A.N.S
 Effect of A.N.S. on the heart
:Sympathetic stimulation
Increase chronotropic and the inotropic
. effects on the heart
Receptors are: alpha and beta adrenergic
receptors
:Parasympathetic stimulation
.Negative inotropics
 Remember
:ve chronotropic+
Means increase in heart rate

:ve inotropic+
.Means increase in contractility
 Idea of the experiments:

To analyze the effect of different autonomic

.drugs on the frog’s heart contraction
 Preparation
:The frog chest is open
The heart is connected to the kymograph to
record the events
 Imp. Defintions
:Sympathomimtics
Meds the stimulation of the sympathetic system
e.g. adrenaline
:Sympatholytics
.Inhibits the sympathetic system
:Parathympatholyics
Blocks the action of the parasympathetic system
e.g. atropine sulfate
Effect of autonomic drugs on the
frog’s heart
Effect ofadrenaline: on frog’s heart
.record the normal beats of the heart-
.pour adrenaline and record the effect-
:Comment
Adrenaline a sympathomimetic drug
increases heart rate and force of contract
.as it activates beta adrenoceptors
 Acetylcholine
:B) Effect of acetylcholine on frog’s heart
.record the normal beats of the heart -
.Pour acetylcholine and record the effect -

:Comment
Acetylcholine a parasympathetic drug,-
decreases the heart rate as it stimulates
.the muscarinic receptors
 Effect of Atropine
:C) Effect of atropine
record the normal beats of the heart -
.pour atropine and record the effect -
pour acetylcholine and record the effect -
.wash with ringer -
.pour acetylcholine, observe -
pour atropine then record the effect -
:Comment
Atropine applied before acetylcholine blocks the inhibitory effect of -
.the acetylcholine thus the heart continues to beat normally
Atropine applied after acetylcholine does not block the inhibitory-
.action of the acetylcholine
Curves
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