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Introduction
Contents
ANNEX A (Informative) Application of the transformer through-fault current duration guide to the protection of power transformers ANNEX B (Informative) Transformer Failure Statistics ANNEX C (Informative) Transformer Protection Settings Guide Error! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined. ANNEX D (Informative) Thermal overload protection (THOL)
ANNEX E (Informative) Internal Phase Shift and Zero Sequence Compensation in Modern Relays
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
2. References
3. Definitions
Protective
6. Relay Currents
6.4.3. CT connections
IOP I OP I I
IRT I RT I RT I RT k I k I Max I k I I I
7.2.3. Differential Protection Using Percentage Differential Relays with Inrush Restrain
I OP
SLP I RT
K I
K I
I OP
K I
K I
I OP
SLP I RT
K I
K I
I OP
SLP I RT
n
K I
K I
Even-harmonic restraint
I OP
SLP I RT
K I
K I
Second-harmonic blocking
I OP
SLP I RT
I OP
K I
K I
K I
I OP I OP
K I K I
DC blocking method
7.4.5. Ground Relays also used for Sensitive Ground Fault Protection
7.6.3. Fuses
10.5. Fuses
Key Gas
Condition 1
Condition 2
Condition 3
Condition 4
Definition RR - 1 RR -2 RR -3
13.1.2. Problem
13.1.3. Solution
Figure 26: Special differential relay connections for over-all protection of unit generator
Figure 27: Grounding transformer in differential zone (external fault condition shown)
13.3.2. Problem
13.3.3. Solution
13.4.2. Problem
13.4.3. Solution
Figure 28: Protection of wye connected core type transformers with no delta for unbalanced voltage conditions
Figure 29: Differential protection of a bank of three Single Phase Autotransformers with a tertiary. Two cts on each phase of tertiary.
13.6. Differential Protection of a bank of three single phase Autotransformers with Tertiary
Figure 30: Alternate Differential protection of a bank of three single phase autotransformers with a tertiary
13.7. Differential Protection of Single-Phase Transformers in a Three-Phase Bank with a Spare Transformer
ANNEX A (Informative) Application of the transformer through-fault current duration guide to the protection of power transformers
Table A2: An Application Example of the Thermal Mechanical Limit Curves For a Three-winding Transformer
H Winding
X Winding
Y Winding
Col No.
Title
Definition
Table B.1:
Table B.2:
Table B.3:
Table B.4:
Table B.5:
Table B.6:
Table B.4:
Table B.8:
Table B.9:
Table B.10:
C.1.
Specifications of Power Transformer: 110 MVA 230kV (Y) - 13.8kV ( ) 600/5 6000/5
Figure C.1: CT ratios and connections for the 110 MVA 13.8 / 230 kV transformer CASE I - CT Ratio Selection Procedure(Electro-Mechanical Relays) 1. Phase Shift Correction
2.
it is easier to start from LV side of the power transformer as its CTs are connected in Y:
(i) Ideal I (HV) sec = I (LV) sec = 3.84A (ii) Ideal CT (HV) current = Ideal I (HV) sec 2.21A = 276A 3 = 3.84A 2.21A = 125 3 = 2.21A
(The ratio of 125:1 or 625:5, as shown above, provides a perfect match for I (LV) sec with no current flowing to the operating coil, but 625/5 ratio CTs are not normally available) (iv) Select 600/5 CT ratio of for HV side
600)
3 = 3.99A
I (LV) sec}
3.
20%
1A
In determining the percentage slope 1, the following should be factored in for the consideration of maximum system unbalance: i) Spill current as a result of CT mismatch:
a + b + c =3.83% + 5% + 11.5% = 20.33% iv) Set the slope 1 to 30% to allow some margin for the calculated 20.33% error. (B) Slope 2: Slope 2 slope 1 70%
IA
2.
4,602A = 5,753A
276A = 345A
C.2.
VR
R I R I
I I
I I
R I R I
I I
R I R I I
R I R I
R I R I
D.2.
D.3.
An Example
D.4.
Protection
D.5.
HVu
HVR
I HV I HVR
HVt
HVu
HVi
w HVi
t t t
I HV I HVR t
w
D.6.
ANNEX E (Informative) Internal Phase Shift and Zero Sequence Compensation in Modern Relays
E.1. An Example
IA IB IC
IA IB IC
2.
3.
Allow the user to enable zero-sequence removal from an input with Wye compensation.
IA IB IC
IA IB IC
I I I
I
IA IB IC
IA
IA IB IC
IB
IC
IA IA IA IB IB IB IC IC IC IC IC IC
IA IA IA
IB IB IB
IA IB IC IA IA IA IB IB IB
IA IB IC IC IC IC
E.4. Examples
internal
internal
F.1.1.
F.1.2.
Others
F.2.
F.3.
F.3.1.
F.3.2.
Electrical
F.3.3.
Numerical
F.3.4.
Fuse protection
F.4.
F.5.
Overvoltage