Power Transformers in 220kV Substation Punnapra

and It’s protection

TRANSFORMER
A Transformer is a static electrical machine which transfers AC electrical power from
one circuit to the other circuit at constant frequency,but the voltage level can be altered
that means the voltage can be increased or decreased according to the requirement
ACCESSORIES OF A TRANSFORMER
CONSERVATOR
BREATHER
FAN
PRD
WT/OT
OLTC
MOLG
POLG
 200 MVA TRANSFORMER

• 2 Nos. of 220/110 kV 200 MVA Transformer

• CT Ratio (Primary/Secondary): 800/1-1200/1
• NCT 1200/1
• T CT :- 200/1
• Make: TELK, Angamaly.
• MVA: 44.45 / 66.67 MVA
• Voltage ratio: 220kV/110kV/11kV
• Amperes HV: 350 / 525 A
• Amperes LV: 700 / 1050 A
• Amperes TV: 2100/√3 / 3149/√3
• % Impedance: 9.83/9.93/9.79
• Phases: single
• Auto Transformer
• Frequency: 50 Hz
• Connection symbol : YNa0d11
• Tertiary : Externally delta connected
• Tap changer : On load Tap changer
• Cooling : ONAN / ONAF.
• Normal tap: 3
• Current tap position: 2
PROTECTIONS PROVIDED FOR 200MVA #1
Electrical protections

• Differential protection, REF protection,51N-Pri. E/F, 50-Sec.O/C,

• 51-Sec.O/C, 51N Sec. E/F:- SEL-787.
• E/F Protection for Tertiary : Alstom ,P50 Agile P154
• Directional E/F and O/C protection: relay(HV side) : Micom P127 ,Make Alstom
• Directional E/F and O/C protection: relay(LV side) : type CDD, Make Alstom

Mechanical protections
Bucholz main – alarm and trip
• Buchholz OLTC-Trip
• Pressure release valve
• Winding temperature-Alarm(70°C) and Trip(85°C)
• Oil temperature-Alarm(65°C) &Trip (75°C)
PROTECTIONS OF 200MVA#2
Electrical protections
• Differential protection(R/Y/B), REF protection,
• Over Flux-Alarm&Trip ,O/C,E/F (LV )-Areva, Micom P632
• Redundant REF protection:- Alstom, P50 Agile P154
• B/U O/C Protection for Tertiary :Alstom, P50 Agile P154
• Directional E/F and O/C protection: relay(HV side) : Micom P14D,Make Alstom
• Directional O/C protection: relay(LV side) : type CDD, Make Alstom
• Directional E/F protection (LV) :- Alstom, Micom P14D

Mechanical protections
Bucholz main – alarm and trip
• Buchholz OLTC-Trip
• Pressure release valve
• Winding temperature-Alarm and Trip
• Oil temperature-Alarm&Trip
110/66kV 63MVA Transformer
• 2 Nos.
• Make : BHEL. 
• Full load dry current(HV):-330.664 A with cooling fan(220.443 A without fan)
• Secondary( L V ) current:-551.107 A with cooling fan (367.405 A without fan)
• Vector group:- YNa0d11 
• Percentage Impedance:-35.14% (HV-TV), 10.54% (HV-LV) 
• Type of cooling:-ONAF/ONAN 
• Normal Tap Position – 3
PROTECTIONS
Mechanical protections
• Main Buchholz
• WTI,OTI
• OLTC Buchholz
• PRV
Electrical Protections
provided in 110 kV side:
• Differential protection (87)-SEL-787
• REF protection (64R) : ER,5B3 Current balance relay
• Over current & Earth Fault Relay (2O/C+1E/F) (51R/B/N):-Type 2TJM10 of
Easun Reyrolle make
Provided in 66 kV side
• Over current & Earth Fualt Relay (2O/C+1E/F) (51R/B/N):-ER, 2TJM10
110/33kV 16MVA Transformer
• Two winding transformer
• On Load Tap Changer having 10 Nos. Of Taps.
• Make : IMP, Bombay.
• Full load dry current:- 83.98 A with cooling fan (52.49 A without fan )
• Secondary( L V ) current:- 279.93 A with cooling fan (174.95 A without fan)
• Vector group:- YNyn0
• Percentage Impedance:-10.57%
• Type of cooling:-ONAN/ONAF
• Normalal Tap Position – 3
• NCT:- mounted internally
PROTECTIONS
Mechanical
• WTI/OTI
• Buchholz
• OLTC Buchholz
• PRV
Electrical
provided in 110 kV side:
• Differential protection (87) relay: type 4C21 for each phase of make ER
• REF Protection (64R) : 5B3 Current balance relay make ER
• Over current & Earth fault relay 50A/B/N – MIT 114 make ER
provided in 33 kV side
• REF Protection (64R) – 5B3 Current balance relay make ER
• Over current and Earth Fault relay 50A/B/N –MIT113 make ER
66 kV / 11 kV , 10 MVA TRANSFORMER NO.1

Make : EMCO Transformers Ltd. Bombay.

• Full load current (H V ):- 87.5A (L V ):-525A
• Type of connection:- Delta /Star
• Cooling:-ONAN
• Percentage Impedance:- 9.79
• Vector Group:-Dy11
• Normal Tap:- Position : 2
• Off load tap changer
66kV / 11 kV , 10 MVA TRANSFORMER NO.2

• OLTC having 11 Taps.

• Make : TELK, Angamally.
• Full load current (H V ):- 87.5A (L V ):-525A
• Type of connection:- Star/Star
• Cooling:-ONAN
• Percentage Impedance:- 9.929%
• Vector Group:-YNyn0
• Normal Tap:- Position 3
PROTECTIONS PROVIDED
Mechanical
• OTI/WTI
• Explosion vent
• Main Buchholz trip
• OLTC Buchholz trip
Electrical
66 kV side :
• Diff. Relay (87), Buchholz/OT/WT trip : Micom P633 of Areva.
• SPS: Under frequency tripping (49.2Hz)
• Over current & Earthfault relay (67A/B/N) : 2TJM10 of Easun Reyrolle make.
• Restricted Earthfault relay (64R) : 5B3 of Easun Reyrolle
11 kV side :
Incomer #1
• IDMT Over current and Earth Fault (combined 2O/C + 1E/F) (50/51RYBN), ER MJT
314 Genesis
• Restricted Earth fault Relay (64): Easun Reyrolle 5B3 current balance relay
Incomer #2
• 51+51N O/C &E/F Relay – SIEMENS,Argus 7SR2203
• 64R-Sec.REF Relay : SIEMENS,Argus 7SR1101
USE OF SYNCHRONISING TROLLEY
• synchroscope is a simple piece of equipment that is used to monitor the three
synchronizing variables.
• A basic synchroscope inputs voltage waveforms from the two sides of the open
circuit breaker.
• If the voltage waveforms are at the same frequency, the synchroscope does not
rotate. If the voltage waveforms are at a different frequency, the synchroscope
rotates in proportion to the frequency difference.
• The synchroscope needle always points to the voltage phase angle difference.
• The synch panel also contains two voltmeters so that the voltage magnitudes can
be simultaneously compared.
• The fact that the synchroscope needle is not rotating indicates frequency is the
same on either side of the circuit breaker.
• The synchroscope in figure reflects a slight voltage magnitude mismatch, and a stationary
synchroscope with a phase angle of approximately 35°.
• Synchro-Check Relays - A synchro-check or synch-check relay electrically determines if the
difference in voltage magnitude, frequency and phase angle falls within allowable limits.

• The allowable limits will vary with the location on the power system. Typically, the further
away from generation and load, the more phase angle difference can be tolerated.

• Synch-check relays typically do not provide indication of the voltage magnitude, frequency
or phase angle.

• A synch-check relay decides internally whether its conditions for closing are satisfied.

• The synch-check relay will either allow or prevent closing depending on its settings.

• Typical synch-check relay may allow closing if the voltage angle across the breaker is less
than 30°.
Thank you