Transient overvoltages and

Cristian Santana
insulation coordination Rodríguez
 Def: Short duration events like voltage or current surge
due to lightning, switching, etc.
Introduction
Traveling waves

Transmission line wave

equations
Velocity of Velocity of surge propagation
surge
propagation 3𝑥108
𝑣=
𝑘

Forward | Backward
Surge power
input and Surge power input
energy storage

Total energy content stored

Electrostatic | Electromagnetic
Effects of the Resistance
line
terminations
Effects of the
line Impedance
terminations

Reflection coefficient

Refraction coefficient
 Open-circuit line termination
Open-circuit &
Short-circuit
𝑖=0 𝑖𝑓 = −𝑖𝑏 𝑣 = 2𝑣𝑓
line termination
Short-circuit line termination

𝑣=0 𝑣𝑓 = −𝑣𝑏 𝑖 = 2𝑖𝑓

Insulation Different voltage stresses to consider:
• The 60Hz power voltage
coordination • Lightning surge voltage
• Switching surge voltage

A properly done insulation coordination provides:

• The assurance that the insulation provided will withstand all
normal operating stresses and the abnormal ones
• The efficient discharge of over-voltages due to lightning
• The breakdown will occur only to external flashover
• The positions at which breakdown takes place will be where cause
minus damage

Insolation coordination involves:

1. Determination of line insulation
2. Selection of the BIL and insulation levels of other apparatus
3. Selection of lightning arresters