Great Britain Admiralty. Vocabularies: English, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac. 1920.

I.D. 1121,.
,';';;_;_ ,^ ;• _
VOCABULARIES
ENGLISH
ARABIC
PERSIAN
TURKISH
ARMENIAN
KURDISH
SYRIAC
Compiled hy the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence

Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty
LONDON t
PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.

To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from
H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses :
Imperial House, KingsWat, London, W.C. 2, and
28 Abingdon Street, London, S. W. 1 ;
37 Peter Street, Manchester ;

1 St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff;
23 Forth Street, EoiNBtTRGH ;
or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116 Grafton Street, Dublin.
1920
Price Ss. 6d. net
Printed under the authority of
His Majesty's Stationery Office
By Frederick Hall at the University Ptess, Oxfords
VOCABULARIES
ARABIC, PERSIAN, TURKISH, ARMENIAN,
KURDISH, SYRIAC
493774
•
• • •!
Note on Pronunciation
Consonants.
'
= a slight stop, as in the middle of the compound
word
sea-eagle
*
= a sound formed deep in the throat to be learnt by
oral example
dh like tJi in this
gh a guttural r
h a strong aspirate
kh like ch in loch
q a guttural, or emphatic, 7c
r to be distinctly trilled
s emphatic s
t emphatic t
th as in thing
ch as in chat
z emphatic ^
zh like the s in pleasure
Other consonants pronounced as in English.
Vowels.
a pronounced
NOTES ON PKONUl^CJLATION 297
o pronounced as u in fun
u as in pull
u as 00 in pool
u as w in Frencli tu
Biphthomfs.
ai pronounced as i in mind
au (aw) as ou in out
oi as oi in oii
298 GLdSSABIES OF WORDS
'EhgUsh. AfaUnc: Persian. Turkish,
able, to be qadar, yaqdir tawanistan bilmek
I can aqdir mi-tawanam bilirim, qadir
about (ap- nahu (of num- taqriban, ashaghi-yuqari

proximately) bers), taqriban kam-wa-pish
about (around) hawl piraman-e etrafinda.
etrafda
(concerning) min jehet dar khusus-e da'ir
above
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 2WI
English.
300; QLOSS'ARIES OF WORDS
English.
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 301
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

Administra- varchoutiim siasa, idara hiiqraa
tion
admiral dzovagal sare bahre resha d-yama
Admiralty Dzovayin na-

khararoutiun
adrift herratsial, sar ave choin teple resh maya
alevar
advance (of gankhav-tram- garz kirin, qa khishbuna
money) dal bdain da
advanced arrachakount peshe 'askare qamaydtha
guard d-'askar
aeroplane otabarig taiyara taiyarah
afloat aledzoup, sar ave resh maya

dzpoun
aft hedguys navi pe gamiya kharaya
d-gamiya
after hedo pashe bathar
afternoon hedinq, irig- pashe nivro bathar palga
natem d-yauma
again noren jarak di; disa midre
age (of persons)dariq umr, smn shine

agent kordzagal wakil vakil
ahead arrcheven peshin qamaya
alive gentani, vo- sakha be-khaye
ghch
all amen, polor hamma kull
allowed, to be tuyladrvil izin haya kbare
ally tashnagits, haval khaura

zinagits
almost krete taqriban taqriban
alone minag btene be-1-hodhe
alongside unt yergay- nezike b-qorba

noutiamp
:m GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
English.
already
304 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish,
April Nisan Nisan Nisan
Arab 'Arabi {pL 'ArabI, Tazi 'Arab
'Arab)
Arabia Bilad el-' Arab 'Arabistan 'Arabistan
arm (w.) kitf dhra'
,
bazu (upper) ; qol
sa'id (lower)
armed musallah musallah silahli
•
armour dira' zireh zir^

arms(weapons) aslihah asliheh silah
army jesh {pi. ]u- lasbkar ordu, 'asker

yush)
army corps firqah {pi. urdu qol ordu
firaq)
around hawL atraf-e etrafda
arrange retteb, yuret- tartib dadan, qararlashdir-

tib deb or ara- maq, tertib
Stan, ara etmek
arrest {v.) qabadh 'ala ; tauqif kardan, tutmaq, habs
waggaf, yu- kun etmek
waggif
arrive wasal, yosal rasidan, ras varmaq, gel-
mek
arsenal tereskhanah qur-khana topkhane,
tersane
artillery madafi' (can- tup-khaneh toplar
non), tobchia
(gunners)
ashes ramad khakistar kul
ashore 'ala'1-barr, bar zamin qaraya, qarada
bil-ga'
ask se'el, yes'al pursidan,purs sormaq
I ask ana es'al mi-pursam sorarim
thou askest inta tes'al mi-pursi sorarsin

he asks hua yes'al mi-pursad sorar
we ask ihna nes'al mi-pursim sorariz
you ask intu tes'alun mi-pursid sorarsiniz

English.
April
Arab
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
they ask hum yes'alun mi-pursand sorarlar
I shall ask ana es'al khaham sorajaghm

pursid
I asked se'elt pursidam sordum
asleep nayim khab uyumush, uy-
quda
ass hamar {fl. khar, ulagh eshek, merkeb
hamir)
astern li-wara 'aqab, dar pai arqasina, ar-
dinda
at 'ala, bi, fi nazd, dar -a, -da {suffix)
at least aqallan aqallan olmazsa

at most el-akther, el- muntahash en nihayet,
aghlab olsa olsa
at once hessa, hala, fauran birden bire
bis-sa'ah
attack {n.) hujum hujum hujum
attack {v.) hejem 'ala, liujiim kardan, hujum etmek
_yihjam'ala kun
August Ab Ab, Murdad Aghostos
Austria Nimsa Namseh Nemse
Austrian Nimsawi Namsawi Avstriali, Nem-
seli
authority hukm iqtidar hukm
autumn kharif khizan son bahar

avenge intaqam, yan- intiqam kashi- intiqam etmek
taqim or dan, kash
akhadh eth-
thar, ya'kh-
udh eth-thar
average [n.) mu*addal bar-avard-e orta, avarya
mutavassit
aviator t^yyar hava-paima tayareji
awake {adj.) yaqdhan, bidar uyaniq

ga'id, hasis
axe fa's {fl. fu'us) tabar balta

they ask anonqg'harts- awan pesiar kimbaqri
nen kerin
I shall ask yes bidi harts- aze pesiar kim bedmbaqren
nem
I asked yes hartsri ma pesiar ker mbuqeri
asleep qouni mecli, khafti dmikha
qnatsogh
ass esh, avanag kar hmara
astern i hedoust navi, la pashe b-kharayiitha

navi yedeven
at {notinusesepa-
' e{as termina- bi-
rately) Hon)
at least keth, arr nvazn bkemahie b-qalilutha
at most arr arravel bgalakiye
bgalakiye b-kabirutha
at on'ce^ isguyn halan halan, alba'al
attack {n.) hartzagoumn palamard hujum

attack [v.) hartsagil hujumker hjimle
August Okostos Tabbakh Tabbakh

Austria Avstria Namsa Namsa
Austrian Avstriatsi Namsi Namsaya
authority ishkhanoutiun, paya, jah, maruta, huqma

arzhanabad- qadr
voutiun
autumn Ashoun pahiz cherl
avenge tol §tandin shqille tol
average (n.)
aviator
awake (adj.)
English.
English.
English.
English.
English.

before (place) arracli, arrchev labar qam
begin usgsel dastpekir mdushinne,
msbare
behind edev pasli, lapisht bkharayutha

believe havadal bawar kir mhiimenne
bell zankag cliang, jinjil zJga
below tsadz, nerqev bin iltekh, kbo-

tbed
bench (sofa) nsdaran kursi direzh, takhta
paka
bend (v.) theqel, dzrrel chamin tiple
berth
beside
English.

bird trrchoun tîrek, baldar taira
bit (of horse) santz lijam, hafsar legbema
bit (piece) badarr, pegor pechak, parcha parclia
bitter tarrn, leghi tahl, tal marira
bitumen goubr zift, qir khimar
black sev rash koma

blacksmith tarpin, yer- asengar, hadad haddada,
gatakordz damurchi
blame {v.) barsavel razil kir mruzelle la'im
blanket vermag lahef, jajim khlepa

bleed (intrans.) ariunel khun da mujrele dimma
blind guyr kor simya, kora
blockade (n.) basharoumn hisar muhasarah
blood armn khun dimma

blow (v.) harvadzel, werzln mkhele paukha
zarnel
blow (n.) harvadz, zarg sil

blue gabuyd shin, kau milana, zarqa
blunt koulj pout kop kopa
boat navag gami, belem gamiyah
bodv marmin lash paghra
body (mass of khoump. jama' at jama' at

people) zhoghov
boil {trans.) yerratsnel kalandi murthekhle
(water) ;
khashel (egg)
boil {intrans.) yerral kul bi rthekhle
316

boiled rice khasbadz pirinjekalandi,rizza mbushla
printz, plaf pilau
boiler san, gatsa qazan destitha
bomb {n.) rroump,kndag qiimbara qumbara
bombard rrmpagodzel la-top dadin dari top
bond (legal) mourhag, ar- band/alaqa iltlzam

zhetought
bone vosgor hasti, isqan garma
book kirq ktaib, daftar kthawa
boot goshig jazma, kaosh potine, jazma
boot-lace goshigi thel rise kundarah gdhadha

d-qundare
both (you) yergouqt al har-duan, har- terwe
duka
bottle shish shush shusha
bottom liadag bin shitta

bow (of sbip) arrachagoghm peshine qamayiitha
navi gamiye d-markwa
bowels aghiq millak, rikhlu millake
box doup, sndoug sanduq sandiiqa
boy manch kurr brona, yala
brackish aghi nakhwash maliikha

bran tep savis, sar-bez-
hing
brave qaj, gdrij dildar, juwa- mar jiir'itta
mer
brazier gragaran manqal, pall manqal, giimre
bread hats nan likhma
breadth laynoutiun pani, pahnT petiiitha
break godrel shikast, shi- twere
kian
breakfast futur, chai es- chai-i-§ubh , qahvalti
subh
breech (of gun) madhkhar et- teh top quyrughu,
tufkeh top qichi
breeze hawa nasim, bad riizgyar, yel

bribe {n.) rashwah, rishva rishvet, bakh-
bakhshlsh shish
brick (burnt) tabuqah ajur tula
brick (un-
burnt)
bridge
bridge (of
ship)
English.
English.
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 32 1
English,
bugle
build
English.
English.

canter {v.) hadhab. yab- yurgheh raft an, rah van gitmek
dhib rau
canvas jimfas kirbas yelken bezi,
yelken
tarbush kap kulah f es, kasket
cap ; ;
(European) shapqa (Euro-

pean)
capable muqtedir qabil qadir, muk-
tedir
cape (promon- ra's ra's . burun
tory)
capstan dulab el-habl charkh-i- bojprghat,
langar iirgat
captain (of qabtan or ra'is na-khuda, re'is, gemi
ship) el-markab ra'is suwarisi,
qapudan
(of native nokhadlia
craft)
captain yiizbasbi yuzbashi yuzbashi
(military)
asir {pi. usara) asir esir
captive
capture (men) esser, yu'essir asir giriftan, esiralmaq
gir
capture qabadh 'ala, giriftan, gir feth etmek
(place) yaqbidh 'ala
capture (seize, mesek, yimsak giriftan tutmaq
V,)
caravan karwan karawan, kyarvan
qafileh
care (you take dir balak multafit bash, diqqat et, saqin
care !) or hazar kun
careful mutaqayyid ba-hazar diqqatli, gyuzu
achiq
cargo himl haml hamule, yiik
carpenter najjar najjar doghramaji,
marangos
carpet ziilia, bisat qali, farsh kilim, hali
carry hamal, yahmil haml kardan, tashimaq, go-
or shal, yashil kun or naql tiirmek, naql
kardan, kun etmek
cart 'arabah arabeh *araba, yiik
*araba-si
English. Arynenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

canter (y.) salasmpakel char'ar cho, mutrele
baz cho
canvas arrakasd
cap klkharg, kdag klo, kopin kusitha
capable garogh, jardar qadir, zirak qabil, ziraq
cape (promon- saravand, sare chiae resha

tory) hrwandan
capstan anvord dulabe warise diilaba
d-khaula
captain (of navabed qaptan, sare qaptan
ship) gamiye
captain
(military)
captive
capture (men)
English. Arabic. Persian. Turhish.
cartridge fishgah fishang fislienk
{pi. fisheg)
cart-track sikkat el- rah-i-'arabi- 'araba yolu
'
arabah yeh
cash nuqud naqd naqd
castle qasr (pZ. qu§ur) burj, qal'ah qal'e

cat bazzunah gurbeh kedi
catch mesek, yimsak giriftan, gir tutmaq, yaqa-
lamaq
cattle mawashi haiwanat bahaim, hai-
wanlar
cavalry khail, sawa- suwareh suwari
riyah
cave mugharah ghar maghara
ceiling sagf saqf tavan

cellar sirdab [yl.
sa- sardab makhzen, qilar
ladib)
cement kils, chemento saruj chimento
cemetery maqbarah qabristan mezarliq, qa-
bristan
centre markaz (of markaz merkez (gov-
circleand ernmental),
government) orta, vesat (of
circle)
certainly nia'lum, belli albatteh elbette,
shiibhesiz
chain zanjil, zinjir zinjir
chair skumli, kursi sandali, kursi sandaliye
change (ex- beddel, yubed- taghyir dadan bozmaq (of
change, V.) dil sarraf
; money)
(of money)
change (n.) qusiir (of khurda, piil-e ufaq para
money) khurda (of money)
(of money)
channel mejra baghaz, tang-i- mejra, yataq,
darya boghaz
English.
English.

charcoal adzoukh pell, zikhal komur
chart navaqardez, kharitah
qardez
cheap azhan arzan arzani
cheek ayd gup, chur lama, patha
cheerful ourakh shad psikha
banir penir gupta

chemist teghakordz, azachi, dar- dermanchi
teghavadjar man-firosh
chicken varrieg chuchik farkha,
kthaitha
chief (n.) bed sar, maqiil resha
children yerekhayq zaru bechuk, yale zore

minal
chin dznot chin, zinj daqintha
chisel krich (qanta- askana mabrad
goghats),
qandagich
kortziq
choose undrel bzharain, hal mgiibele
chinin
Christ Qristos *Isa mshikha

christian qrisdonia nasrani, fillah nasraya
Christmas Dznount Biyalde
church yegeghetsi, der •eta

zham
cigarette klanig, sigaret sigara chigara
circle shrchan, ger, hawir dairah, hiidhra
shrchanag
city qaghaq shahr, balad, mdita
bazhar
civil (non- qaghaqagan, mulki, ahli- la qoshiinaya
military) qaghaqayin qalam
claim (/i.) da'wa {fl. da' va, or iddi' a da' va
da' awl)
clan qabilah {'pl. qabileli qablle, 'ashiret
qaba'il) or
*ashlrah {pl.
'asha'ir)
clean {adj.)
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Sj/riac,

claim (n.) balianch da'wah, talab matlab
clan dobm, tsegh ojakh, khil 'ashira
clean {adj.) maqour paqij, pak nadifa

clean (v.) maqrel paqij kir mundifle
clear hstag, barz zalal, ruhnak ?epya
clerk
cold (in chest) su'al surfeh nezle-i-sadriye
cold bard sarma soghiiq

(temperature)
cold {adj.) barid sard soghuq
collar yakhah fukul, yakheh yaqaliq, yaqa
collect jama*, yijma* jam' kardan, toplamaq

kun
collision -
muâdamah tasadum musademe,
charpishma
colonel miralai sartip qaim-maqam
(lieut.-col.) ;
miralai (full
col.)
colour lon(23Z.alwan) rang renk
colours (flag) beraq bairaq bairaq, sanjaq,
'alem
"
colt muhr kurreh tai

comb (n.) misht shana taraq
come ja, yajl amadan, ai gelmek
come (imper.) ta'al biya gel
comfortable mustarih (of rahat rahat

person) ;
mu-
rih (of thing)
command (n.) amr {pi. awa- farman emr, buyii-
mir) ruldu
commander qamandan sardar qomandan
commerce tijarah tijarat alish-verish,
tijaret
commission ma'murlyet ma muriyat me'muriyet
commodore ra'is ustul darya-begl filo suvarisi,

qumidor
communica- muwasalah muwasaleh mukhabere
tion
companion rafij or raflq rafiq, hamrah arqadash
{pi. rufaqa)

cold (in chest) gourdzqi
tsourd,
mrsadz
(gourdzqen)
cold tsourd sar qarlrutha
(temperature)
cold {adj.) bagh, sarrn sar, zukum qarira
collar otziq milwanka, yakhah
yakha
collect havaqel pin khestin, mjume'Ie
gilir kir
collision untharoum musadama mkhaya lekli-
dbadhe
colonel kndabed nuralai miralai
colour kuyn rang gauna

colours (flag) trosh sanjaq bairaq
colt mdrouk juwani, kurrali muhirtha

comb {n.) sandr shanik mesreqta
come kal hat itbele
come {imper.) yegour (sing.), wara ta, temun {pi.
yegeq {pi.)
comfortable hankist rahat, bisa rahitta
command (n.) ^liraman amr pugdana
commander hramanadar qomandan qomandan

commerce arrevdour tujaret, alish- bazerganutha
veresh
commission badver, bants- separish
•
wazifa
nararoutiun
commodore navi hrama-
nadar
communica- haghortag- mukhabara mukhabarah
tion tsoutiun
companion ungeragits haval, dost khaura
334
English.
confusion qalabaligh tashnish (of qarishiqliq,
(turmoil) ; things) ;
bl- qalabaluq
ikhtilat ;
nazmi (of
*
ademtibte persons)
congratula- tahniyah {sing.) tahniyat tebrik
tions
conquer intasar, van- ghalib shudan maghlub etmek

ta§ir
(a city) fetah, yiftah giriftan, fath feth etmek
kardan
consent (n.) ridha qabiil kardan, riza
razT shudan
consequence natijah natija netije
Constanti- Istambul Istambdl Istambol

nople
consul qunsal (pi. qonsul qonsolos

qunasil)
consulate qunsalkhanah qonsul-khana qonsoloskhane
consultation mashawarah mashvarat mush aver e
content radhi qani* razi,khoshnud

contraband mamnii* qachaq, ma- qachaq
(adj.) mnii'
contract (n.) muqawalah qabala (com- mukavele,
mercial) bazarliq
convenient muwafiq muwafiq miinasib
conversation haki, hachi mukalama, sohbet, laf
suhbot
convoy (n.) khafar badraqah qonboy, qo-
ruma
cook (n.) 'aschi ash-paz ashji
cook {v.) tabakh, yat- pukhtan, paz pishirmek
bakh
cool barid khunuk serin
copy (n.) niskhah {pi. nuskheh nuskha, siiret
nisakh)
Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

confusion
English.
English.

crowd {n.) qalabalikh, izdiljam qalabaluq,
jama' ah jem'iyet
cruel qasi,garim bi-rahm, zalim zalim, ghaddar
cruise (n.) safar darya-gardi dolashmaq
cruiser tarrad, man war kruasor

cultivation zira*ah, falahah abadani zira'at
cup finjan, piyalah piyaleh, jam kyasse, finjan

cure {n.) shifa ilaj shifa
current {n.) jarayan sail aqinti
curtain pardah parda perde

custom-house gumruk gumruk giimriik
cut (v.) gas$, yaguss buridan kessmek
qata', yaqta'
dagger khanjar {j)l. qama khanjer
khanajir)
daily (adj.) yomi har-ruzeh her giinki
daily (adv.) yomiyan her giin

dam (n.) sudd sadd sedd, bend
damage khisarah zarar, ziyan zarar
damp {adj.) murtib namnak nemli
dangerous mukhtir khatarnak tehlikeli, qor-
qulu
dark mudhlim tarik qaranliq
darkness dhulmah tariki qaranliq
date (time) tarikh tarikh tarikh

date (fruit) tamrah {pi. khuima khurma
tamr)
daughter bint {pl.h&nat) dukhtar qiz, kerime
dawn fijr
bamdad shafaq
day yom {pi. gun

aiyam)
day (opposite nahar ruz giindiiz
to night)
English.
342
English.
344 GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS
English.

desk kraseghan mez, pesh- miz d-ktotha
takhta
despatch {n.) (bashdonagan), kitab, kaghaz ktbawa
namag
destroy qantel, averel kharab kir mukbrule
detain bahel, pandel ta't-ii kirin, dawiq

'
{lit. to put in girtin

'
prison or
'under arrest')
determination voroshoumn niyat zakhm qa§d matin
gamq, mdat-
routium
devil tev, sadana shaitan dewa
diarrhoea tanchq, por- zik choine izala d-kasa

loudsanq
die merrnil mirin, jan da mithle
difference darperoutiun, farq purshiinya

zanazanoutiun
difficult tzhvar zahmat zahmat
dig porel kulan, kandin khpere
dinner jash, unthriq nanishao ghadaya,
(evening meal) kharamsha
direct {adv.) shidag,oughigh, dirist diiz

oughghagi
(= direct to)
dirty aghdod pis, chirkin mtiimya
disappear anhedanal hinda or na- fetle, ghible
diyar, bu
discharge barbel bare garni mpalit tana

(cargo, V.) dainanin
*
discharge artzageljVrndel azil kirin, rha mpalit

(dismiss, v.) kirin
English.
English.

dragoman tarjuman {pi. miitarjim terjuman
tarjumaniyah)
draw resem, yersem rasm kardan resm etmek
(map, &c.)
draw (pull) jarr, yajurr keshidan chekmek
draw up resem, yersem rasm kashidan, tanzim etmek
(document) or keteb, yik- kash
tab
draw up (line §aff, yasuff saff bastan, tanzim etmek
of troops) band
dress (intrans.) labis, yilbas pushidan, geyinmek
push
dress {trans.) lebbes geyindirmek
dress rabat, yarbut marham gu- (yara) baghla-
(a wound) zasbtan, maq
guzar
drift {v.) tafa, yatf u ba sail raftan, suyun aqinti-
rau sile
qapilmaq
drink {n.)
sherbah sharbat ichqi
drink {v.) sberib, yish- ashamidan or ichmek

rab nushidan,
nush
drive {trans.) saq, yasuq randan, ran siirmek, qosh-
durmaq
' '
driver (of car- arabachi siirclii, kalas- arabaji
riage) kachi
drown gharaq, yagh- gliarq sbudan, boghmaq
{intrans.) raq shau
drown {trans.) agbraq, yugh- gliarq kardan, boghulmaq
riq kun
drunk sakran {pi. mast serkhosh
sakara)
diy (Ô yebbes, yu- kbushk kar- qurutmaq
yebbis or dan, kirn
nashshaf, yu-
nashshif
dry {adj.) yabis, nashif khushk quru
duck besh, battah urdak ordek
dust toz, ghubar gard toz
English.
English.
English.
employ (men) istakhdam, tashgliil kar- ish vermek

yastakhdim dan, kun
empty {v.) farregh, yu- khali kardan, boshatmaq
farrigli kun
empty (adj.) farigh khali bosh
encamp

employ (men) vartzel ish da wellc shula
empty (v.) tadargel, khali kir msupeqle

barbel
empty (adj.) tatarg, tar- khali, wala spiqa
dag
encamp panagel,panag var kir it ill e
tnel
encampment vran tneln, zom, var zoma
(of nomads) panagoum
end (trans.) avardel khalas kir khli^le, timle
endure handourzhel, §abr kir, jan- sbere

dogal hishik bu
enemy tshnami dizhmin dishmin
engine meqena makinah makinah

engineer meqenakordz muhandis muhandis
England Anglia Inglistan Engilterra

Englishman Angliatsi Inglizi Inglezaya
enlist (army) zinvorakrel, bo 'askar gir- ktiwa soldat

zinvorakrvil tin (trans.); la
'
(to be askar choin

enlisted) (intrans.)
enough pavagan bass bassa, kmale
ensign nshan, trosh sanjaq, bairaq baidaq
entrench badneshnerov bar khandaq dari sangar
amratsnel choin, bar
chapar run-
ishtin
entrenchments amratsoutiung chapar, khan- sangari
daq
envelope dzrar zarf zarf
equal (adj.) musawa barabar musavi
equip jahhaz, yujah- tajhiz kardan, tejhiz etmek,

hiz kun donatmaq
(ship)
err ghalat, yagh- ghalat namii- ja,iiish.{+ suffix)
lat or akhta, dan, numa var, yanilmaq
yukhti
escape {v.) inhezem, yen- rastan, rah or qachmaq
hezim rahai yaftan,
yab
escort {n.) khafar, haris badraqah qonboy
escort {v.) rafaq, haras hamrah raf tan, refaqat etme

yahrus rau
evacuate khalla, yukhalli takhliyeh takhliye etmek,
or farregh, kardan, boshatmaq
yufarrigh kun
evening mesa sham akhsham
every kuU har her
everything kuU she hameh chiz her shei

everywhere fikull makan har ja her yere, her
yerde
examine fahas^ yafhas taftish kar- teftish etmek^
(a question) ; dan, kun yoqlamaq
imtahan,
yamtahin (a
candidate)
except ilia bi-juz az -dan bashqa
(suffix)
exchange (v.) beddel, yu- ivaz kardan digish etmek
beddil (barter)
excuse {v.) *adhar, ya'dhir; ma*zur dash- *afv etmek,
'adhdhar tan, dar 'afv etdirmek
(make excuses
for)
exercise {n.) tamrin, mashq ta'lim
(physical) riyadh'ah
expect intadhar, yan- muntazir me'mul etmek
tadhir biidan
English.

expense masraf {pi. kharj kharj, masraf
maârif)
explain fesser,yiifessir hali kardan, anlatmaq,ta'rif
kun etmek
explode fajjar, yufajjir infijar kardan, patlatmaq
{trans.) kun
explode infajar, yan- tarakidan, patlamaq
{intrans.) fajir tarak
explosion infijar infijar patlama
export (v.) ba'ath, yib'ath haml bi-kharij dishari gonder
kardan mek
exposed mu'arradh ma*riiz ma'ruz, achiq
ewe na'jah madeh mish dishi-qoyun

eye *ain {dual chashm goz
'ainain, pi.
*uyiin)
extinguish taffa, yutaffi khamiisli siindui-mek
kardan
face wajh {pi. riii, îirat yuz

wujiih)
faithful amin, sadiq wafadar sadiq, doghru
fall {V.) waga% yoga' uftadan, uft; diishmek
saqat, yasqut
(of city)
'
family ayilah ahl-i-khaneh familya, ev,

choluqchojuq-
lar
famous mashhiir mashhiir, meshhur
namdar
fanatical muta*a§i?ib muta*a?sib muta'assib
far ba'id dur uzaq
farm mazra'ah mazra' chiftlik
farmer fellah (peasant) ra'iyat, zira' chiftji
atkar
farrier na"al na*l-band na'al-band,
baitar (vet.)
fat {adj.) samin {pi. farbeh semiz, shish-
saman) man
English. Armenian. Kurdish. ^Syriac.

expense dzakhq kharj, masarif masrap
explain patsatrel iafsir kir, hal mpusheqle

gotin
explode baytetsnel agir da mushqille nu a
(trans.)
explode baytil agir girt, shqille nura
(intrans.) taqandin
explosion baytiun
export (v.) ardadzel la idi dawlat
henartin
exposed nshavag, yen- pesh qsbm.{'prep.).m-
thaga(vdanki, shan ta
yevaln)
ewe maqijvochkhar meh 'erba, wana
eye achq chav *aina
extinguish marel mirandin, mchanie

kuzhdin,
tifandin
face yeres ru, damuchav patha
faithful havadarim rast amm

fall ihnal ketin npille
family undaniq khan baitha
famous
English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish .
fat {n.) dihn, semen

father ab pidar baba, peder
favour {n.) fadhlah iltifat kerem
fear {v.) khaf, yakhaf tarsidaii; tars qorqmaq

'
feast azimah id ziyaf et
February Shubat Shubat Shubat

feeble dha'if za'if quvetsiz
ferry (w.) ma'eber ma'bar, gechid yeri

guzar-gah
fertile mukhsib hasil-khiz bereketli
fetch ja bi-, yaji bi- awurdan, ar getir

fever sakhunah tab sitma
few qalil kam az
field mazra*ah chaman tarla

fig tinah {"pl. tin) anjir injir
fight {v.) ta* arak, jang kardan, muharebe et-
yata'arak ; kun mek

taharab,
yataharab
fight {n.) *arkah jang ghavgha, mu-
harebe
file (of soldiers) saff {'pl.
sufuf ) radif, qitar sira
fill teres, yitras pur kardan, doldurmaq
kun
filled matrus purshuda [or dolu
mamlu)
filly muhrah madeh kurreh qisraq tai
find wajad, yojad yaftan, yab bulmaq
finger usbu' {fl. angusht parmaq
asabi')
finish (v.) khalla?, yu- tamam kardan bitirmek
khallis ;
kem-
mel
English.
English.

6.ve{'n.) grag agir nura
fire-place varraran biklieri biklieriye
fire-wood varrelapayd hizh, chilka, qaise, hatab
dar
firing line gragi sahman arde sharr duktha
d-sharre
firm amour, bind zakhm rraq, khailana
qawi
fish (n.) tzoug masi uunta
troshag bairaq baidaq
flat dapag, harth dasht, sawi shtiiia
flea lou kaich peruana
{V.) pakhil ravi *reqle
fleet navadorm,
dormigh
flesh mis gosht be^ra
flock (n.) hod tarsh, garan tarsha
flood {n. see:
heghegh, tufan, sar sel
also tide) chrheghegh hadde ave
floor 'ard ar'a
flour aliur ar, ard tkhuna

flower dzaghig gul warda, chuchag
fly {n.) janj maish, muz didwa
fly (v.) trrchel, trril ferrin tere

fog mshoush, mar- mizh, tam khepiitha
rakhough
follow hedevel legal or lepa izelle bathre
hatin
English.
English. Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac.

food snount, gera- khwarin, tesht ikhala
gour
foot vodq pe aqla
footpath
English.
English.
English.
English.
English.

girl aghcliig kicb, kanishk brata
girth pog, gab bartang tanga

give dal dan iwelle, yawel
give in antznadour taslim kir msulemle

linel
glad ourakh dilkbwash, pîkha, khadia

shad
glass (of win- abagi(badou- shusha, jam shusha
dow) hani)
glass (for pazhag tarar, shiishah kasa
drinking)
gloves tzerrnots lapik, shelik bra'idhatha,
lapikkatha
go— yertal chon izelle
go away herranal zhdarva chon npiqle

(infin.)
go away kna ! heratsir ! birau, harra, pliit
(imper.) darkava
go in ners yertal hatindare iwere
go out tours yertal chonzhdar npiqle baraye
go machine) knal, sharzhil, chun

(of palikh
yertal, megnil
goat aydz bizin
God
English.
English.
English.
glow (raise) medz- hishinanin,

hastsnel, mamti
tsnel ruanin
{trans.), his-
hin boin
{intrans.)
guard (n.)
I
English.

hand tzerq dast idha
hand grenade tzerrqi rroump,

rrmpag
handkerchief tashkinag dasmal, kafiya yalikhta

hang up gakhel halawistin, .
tlele
awiz kir
happy ourakh, zvart, khwosh, dil- khadiya
yerchanig sevik
harbour navahankisd mina
hard gardzr sakht, rraq qeshya, sart

harlot hanragin, tsop qahba zanita
Cpoz', vulgar)
harvest (n.) hountzq, arti- hasad, khar- khizda
unq man, dirun
hastily shoudov, adja- blazzi jeldi

baranoq
hat klkharg barnaita, klao kiisita
franji
hate (v.) adel waki dizhmin snele
girt
have — ounenal {use 'prep. ith)
I have
English.
English. Armenian Kurdish. Syriac.

have you ? ouniq ? ouniq ta haya ? gallo ittokh ?
touq? ith lakun ?
hay khod gia, ka tuna, gila
he an, aniga o awa, o

head kloukh sar resha
headache klkhatsav darde sar mara d-resha
headland sar, saravant shakh, halat romta
head-quarters sbayaguydi
vayr, zorad-
deghi
healthy arroghj sakh, saghlam saghlam, sakh
heap {n.) tez, guyd shkerr kumah, shkerra

heap up tizel, goudagel sar da, takwim mkuwimle
kir
hear Isel behistin shmele
heart sird dil libba
heat {v.) dagtsnel garm kir mushkhenne
heat {n.) dagutiun garm khemma

heavy dzanr giran yaqura
hell tzhokhq. jehannam, gihena
duzha
helm glieg
help {v.) oknel hari da 'inne, mheyir
help {n.) oknoutiun hari, yari 'aun

her anor -ah (suffix)
herd {n.) nakhir garan, ran buqra

here hos, asd harah, era akha, lakha
hide {trans.) thaqtsunel, washartin mtushele
dzadzgel
hide {intrans.) thaqchil, tshele
dzadzgvil
high partzr bilind rrama
highroad darb sultan i, rah, shah-rah jadde (yol)

tariq
high water medd el-moi madd-i-darya, meddi kyamil,

deniz qabar-
masi
hill tell {pi. tulul) kuh, tappeh tepe
hillock tell saghir kuh-i-kuchak tepejik, hiiyiik

hilly dhat tulul past u buland inishli-
yoqushlu
him -uh, -hu (suffix) u-ra, -ash ona {dat.),
(suffix) onu (ace.)
himself nefsuh khudash kendi
hinder mena', man'kardan, braqmamaq,

yimna' kun mani' olmaq
hire (n.) karwah kiraya qira
his -uh,-h\i (suffix) y -i-vi,-Sish(suffix) onun

maluh
hit (v.) dharab, ya- zadan, zan vurmaq
dhrab (strike) ; (strike) ;
sab, yasib (of deimek (of

mark) . mark)
hither ila hina bi-inja biiraya
hobbles (n.) *iqal pa-band
hold (v.) mesek, yim- giriftan, gir tutmaq, yiqala-

sak maq
hold (contain) wasa', yasa* gunjayish almaq; sigh-
dashtan, dar maq (to be
contained)
hold (a posi- hama, yuhami nigah dashtan, tiitmaq
tion) dar
hold out dam, yadiim mudawamat dayanmaq
kardan, kun
hold (of ship) *ambar ambar-ekashti, anbar
(n.) khan-e kashti
English.
English.

dzag kuna nuqba
bargeshd rast, dilpak kena, dus
badiv, medza- iiamus, awru qudra

ranq (chastity) ;
qadr, iqbal
(dignity)
jang, gerr changal, qullaf qullaba
buys
English, Arabic, Persian. Turkish.

hut sarifah (of kappar, kap- qulube
mats) par-e hasir-
push
I ana man ben
ice thelj yakh buz
if idha, in agar eyer
ignorant jahil jahil, na-dan jahil,ma'lu-
matsiz
•
ill maridh, waj'an na-khush kbasta, keif-
siz
illness maradh, waj' na-khushi, khastaliq
bimari
immediately hessa, bis- fauri der'aqab
sa*ah I
impossible muhall, musta- ghair mumkin olmaz, mumkin

hil or mustahil deyil
imprison habas, yahbis habs kardan, habs etmek,
kun babsa atmaq
impudent waqih shukh, bi- edebsiz, kiis-
sbarm takh
in fi, bi dar -da {suffix)
inconvenient mu muwafiq na-munasib miinasibetsiz,

sikindili
increase zad, yazid afzudan, afza artirmaq, cho-
(trans.) ghaltmaq
increase izdad, yazdad afzudan, afza artmaq, cho-
(intrans.) ghalmaq
India Bilad el-Hind Hindustan Hindustan
Indian Hindi Hindi Hindli
indigestion tukbmah, jali sii-i-liazm su'i bazm
infantry- piyadah sarbaz-i- piyade 'asker

piyadeh
infectious sari, mu'di sari bulashiq (per-
son) ;
sari
(disease)
infidel (i.e. kafir (pi. kuf- kafir giaur
non-Moslem) far)
inform akbbar, khabar dadan, bildirmek
yukhbir deh
English, Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac,

hut dnag kepir, qaprana qiiprana
I yes az, min ana

ice sarouts, sarr bafr, sahul gdila
if yethe agar, haka in
ignorant dked, anous nazan nazani, jabil
ill hivant nasakh kriha, mari'a
illness hivandoutiun nasakhi, esh kurhana, mar'a
zujblaz (quick- alba'al

•
immediately anmichabes,
isguyn ly) warina,
;
herista
angareli nabi, nawu, la baraya,
impossible
ghair mumkin na-mumkin
imprison pandargel bapis kir, dii- hbesle
sakh kir
impudent lirp, anzkam behaya d-la nekhpa
in i, mech niv, nao b-go, b-gav, b-

{prefix)
inconvenient anharmar na munasib la munasib
increase shadtsnel ziada kir miizedle

{trans.)
increase shadnal zaid or galak zidle
{intrans.) or mazin bii

India Hndgastan Hindustan Hind
Indian Hndig Hindi Hindwaya
indigestion anmarsoghou-
tiun
infantry hedevag, hede- payada paiyada
vagazor
infectious varagich sari matepiana, sari
infidel anoren, anha- kafir, gawir, kapura

vad be-din
inform imatsnel khabar da mukhbere
information khabr ittila* khaber
in front quddam, pish ileri

in front of quddam, pish-i- on ( + suffix) de
in future fil-mustaqbil dar ayandeh bundan sonra,
atida
ink hibr murakkab miirekkeb
inlet khalij saghlr khalij -i- aghiz, boghaz,
kuchak qoi
inn khan {pi. karvan-sara}^ khan
khanat)
innocent beri bi-gunah qabahatsiz,
ma'siim
insane ma nunj
divana deli
inside dakhil, jowa andarun, dar ichinde

inspect fettesb, yu- mulahaza kar- yoqlamaq
fettish dan naza-
;
rat kardan
(in sense of
*
superintend')
inspector mufettish nazir mufettish, yoq-
lamaji
instruction ta'lim tarbiyat ta'lim
insult {v.) ahan, yuhin ihaneh kar- haqaret etmek

dan, kun
insult (n.) ihanah ihaneh haqaret
Intelligence Dayirat el- idara-ye akh- Dayirat el-
Department mukhabarat bar mukhabarat
intelligent 'aqil hushdar, 'aqil 'aqlli
intend qasad, yaqsad niyyat kardan, niyyet( + sujfix)

ornawa, kun var
yanwi
interpret terjam, yuter- tarjumeh terjume etmek
jim kardan, kun
interpreter tarjuman mutarjim terjuman

information deghegoutiun, khabor khabra
dzanotoutiun
in front arrchev peshin qamaya
in front of arrchev pesh qam
in future abakayin pashe b-zauna d-athe
ink melan hober, muraken bidyuta

inlet moudq, kborsh
inn bantog, khan kban

ichevan
innocent anmegh beguna, be- kena, d-la
qusur gnaba
insane kbent, khela din, be-'aql shidana
kar
inside i nersn, nersn niv,nao gawaye
inspect qnnel, znnel mulahadha or msakbsi
mushahada
kirin
inspector desoucb, vera- nazir, mufat- msakbsana

gatsou tisb
instruction telatroutiun, ifada, ta'Iim, malpanutba
hramandvou- tanbib
tiun
insult {v.) anarkel, kbabarr got mgu'ere
nakbadel
insult [n.) nakbading dizbminai, sa'ore
kbabarr
Intelligence Dzanotoutiun- khabar kbana mansab d-du-
Department neri Basbdo- rasba
na ran
intelligent ousbim, aqil, tezbfam 'aqil, baunana
kbelatsi
intend mdatrvil, kbwast, ma- b'ele
gamenal ram kir
interpret tarkmanel terzumani kir mpusbiqle
interpreter tarkman tarjuman tarjaman

MES. I
b
Arabic. Persian. Turkish.
interview (n.) muwajahah mulaqat goriishme
into fi, ila dar dakhil ichine
intrigue (n.) daslsah dasisa fessad
inundation feyadhan sailab su basmasi

(overflow)
invasion dukhul hujum, takht- tejavuz
u taz
invent ikhtara', yakh- ikhtira' ijad etmek
tari' namudan,
numa
investigation teftish tahqiq teftish
mvite da'a, yad'u or da'wat kardan, da 'vet etmek

'azzam, kun or mih-
yu'azzim man kardan,
kun
iron {n.) hadid ahan demir
iron {adj.) min hadid ahanln demirden
irrigate saqa, yasqi ab dadan, deh sulamaq
island jazirah {pi. jazireh ada
jaza'ir)
is there ? aku? hast ? bulunur-mu ?
var-mi ?
it {nom.) liua,huwa,hiya an 0, ol
it (ace.) -uh, -ha (-a) onu
{suffix)
its -uh, -ha (-a) -i-an {suffix) onun
{suffix)
jackal wawi {pl.wsLwi' shughal chaqal
yah)
jacket sitrah nimtana setri, mintan
(Turkish)
jam marabba murabba rechel, tatli

January Kanun eth- Kanun-as-sani Kyanun-i-sani
thani
jetty eskelah iskaleh iskele
Jew Yahudi {pi. Yahudi Yahudi
Yahud)

interview [n.) desagtsoutiiin mulaqat tpaqta
into i, i nerks niv, la b-, 1- {'prefix)
intrigue (w.) meqenayou- fasadi, kaid qola
tiun, tav
inundation voghoghel, tufan, saile sel
heghegel ave
invasion arshavanq hujum, kharat, wirta
azhutin
invent hnarel dit -
khzele/ewedhle
ikhtira*
investigation khouzargou- tahqiq, pe msakhsayta

tiun, qnnou- hilandine
tiun
invite hravirel dawat kir, mkuremle,
gazi kir qrele
iron (n.) yergat asm prezla

iron {adj.) yergatia d-prezla
irrigate vorrokel av da miishqele
island gghzi jazirali jazirah, ada
is there ?
ga artiog ?
haya !
gallo ith ?
it {nom.) ayn au awa, aya

it {ace.) ad
its lur -wi {suffix) -eh, -ah {suffix)
jackal shnakayl chaqal wawi, toritha
jacket badmoudjan satra, elakk, gudda

qutikk,
shapikk
jam jam, mouraba murabba murabba
January Hounvar Kanune sani Kanun kharaya
jetty navamaduyts askalah askalah

Jew Hria Juhi Hudhaya
B b2
English.

jewel kohar, badva- jauhar, zinat kip a
gan qar d-shapaqta
job kordz, zpag- shol, kar shula
houm
joiner adaghtzakordz najjar nujar
journey
" janportoutiun safar safar
joyful tsndzalits, shad, dil- marl khadiitha
ourakh shad
judge {v.) tadel hiukm kirin 'awid diwan
(civil, n.) tadavor liakim, qazi
(religious, n.) gronagan tada- qazT qadi

vor
jug gouzh ibriq, avtan talma, danta
July Houlis Tammuz Tamuz
jump {v.) tsadgel, banz da, shwerc'
vosdnoul jenqin
June Hounis Kheziran Hziran
jungle andarr ghabah, jangal ghabah, tar-
rashe
justice artaroutiun 'adalat kenutha, inâf
jute ganep (hemp) qinnab, giae

sultan
keel kok, hadag

navi
keep bahel girtin ntere
kettle san, bdoug qazan, tenjur destitha, maqlc
key

kiln kurah kura-ye ajur ojaq
kind {adj.) latif mihraban eyi, insaniyetli
kind (n.) jins {pi. ajnas) nau* nev', turlu,
jins
king melik {pi. shall qral
muliik)
kingdom memlekali {pi. mamlakat memleket
mamalik)
kiss {v.) bas, yabus mach kardan opmek
kit (soldiers') aghradh {pi.) asbab esbya
kitchen matbakh ashpaz-kbaneh matbakh, ash

khane
knapsack torbah asbab-dan {or chanta
chanta)
knee rukbah {pi. zanu diz
rukiib)
knife sikkin {pi. chaqu, kard bichaq
sakakin)
knife (pen- chakuch, qalem trash
knife) qalam trash
knock (at door, daqq, yaduqq kubidan, dar chalmaq
V.) zadan
knot (distance) mil {pi. amyal) mil mil, deniz mili

know 'araf, ya'rif, danistan, dan bilmek
Kurdistan

kiln pourr kur, tannur kiira
kind {adj.) pari dils 6z, hebbi mrahmana
kind (n.) jins ginsa
king takavor sultan, kbum- malka

kar
kingdom takavoroutiun daulat, mam- dawelta, mal-
lakat kiitha
kiss (v.) hampourel, mach kirin, nasbiq
baknel bosa kirin
kit (soldiers') barg (zinvorits) asbab, teshte chaki
'askar
kitchen khohanots matbakh, ash- matbakh
khanah
knapsack makbagh cheltik janta
knee dzoung zbnu, kodk, birka

zrani
knife tanag, zmeli kerek skina
knock (at door, zarnel (toure) daqq al-bab mtaptip

V.) kirin, la-
darga daqq
kirin
knot (distance) mghon
know kidnal zanin idhele, yadhe
Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan Kurdistan

lack {v.) bagasil, nvazil bhauja bu sniqle
ladder
lady
English.

lame gagh leng, kuUak shilla
lamp lapter, lampa cliira, lampa lampa

lance nizag rumm, ram rumha
land {n.) tsamaq, yergir 'ard ar'a, yaushana
land (v.) tsamaq yellel la-*ard hatin shari'ul

or darbaz
boin
landing party tsamaq elnogb

khoump
landlord (land) galvadzader agha, sahib agha
mulk
(of house)
language
lantern
lazy keslaD, tembil sust, tambal tembel
lead (metal min ra§a§a surbi qurshun
adj.)
lead (metal, ».) raâ? surb qursbun
lead {v.)

lazy dzuyl tembal kislan
lead (metal, gabaria qia, ziriji, surb min ri§a§
adj.)
lead (metal; w.) gabar (metal) risa§
hramanada-
I routiun,
arrachnor-
toutium (of
army)
lead {v.) varel, arrach- pesh girtin, mukhwele
nortel ria nishan da urkha
leaf derev; tought chlu, pak, terpa
leak {n.)
lean {adj.)
learn
English.

length yergaynoutiun drezhi yerkhutha
less nvaz kemter besh qi^â
letter namag kaghad, kthawa

mektub
!ettuce bazar, marol khass, kahu kahi

level {adj.) hart, havasar rast shtiha, rast
liberty azadoutiun hurriyat, azai azadiitha

lie (down) barrgil rra keutin, ne- shtehle
westin
lie (to tell a) sdel, soud drau kir mdugille

khosel
lie {n.) soud drau, dru dugla
lieutenant deghagal mulazim
life
gianq zhi, 'umr khaye
life-belt gensakodi
lift
partsratsnel, helanin, bar muremle
grel girtin
light (kindle v.)varrel, lousa- agir kirin, agir mtape
vorel dan, dagir-
standin
(of sun, n.) arev rozhnai, ruh- bahra
nai
light (of thethev silk, sevekk qalula
weight)
lighter _ lasd, navag
perrnagir
lightning gaydzag birusk, shim- berqa
arta
lights jrak ruhnai, rozh- behra
nai
like (v.) ouzel, havnil, khwastin keba'yi
tsangal
English.

like (similar hamanman, waki!, waki, mdamiya
to) nman, bes wak, minana
like this asor bes, asor wak vi, wak av akb-d-aha
nman
lime (material) gir ahik, gach kilsha
limit sahman iiadd, senur liadd, tkhtima
limp {v.)
English.
i
English.
low nasi, wati past alchaq
low water jezr el-moi jazr-i-darya deniz jezri, de-
niz chekilmesi
loyal amin {pi. farmanbar-dar, sadiq

aminin) shah-parast
luck nasib bakht bakht
luggage aghradh (pi.) asbab, ashya eshya
lunch ghada nahar oile yemeyi

lung ma'laq, riyah shush, riya aq jiger
(riyaten)
machine makinah mashin, charkh charkh, maqina
machine-gun rashshash tup-e chand mitralyuz
lulage khud
purkun, tup-
e musalsal
mad majniin divana deli
magazine makhzan el- makhzah-i- barut makh-
(powder) barud barud zeni, jeb-khane
maize idhrat esh- zurrat misr boghdayi,
sham dari
major bimbashi sarhang bimbashi
make sawwa, yu- sakhtan, saz yapmaq

sawwi
man (male) rejul (pi. rijal) mard erkek
or rijal {pi.
rijajil)
man (person) adami, nefer
manager mudir
many kathir, hewayi
map kharitah or
khartah
March Adbar, Mars
march (%.) masir (of

troops)
English.
march {v.) mesha, yimslii kuchidan, yuriimek
kuch
mare
English.
English.

medal shqanshan nishan, medal nishanqa
medicine tegh darman, 'alaj darmana

meet hantibel rast hatin, khzele, tapiq
Ibar yak bu
melon sekh, tsmerong gindor, qarpus shiptiya,
(water melon) bashile
melted butter iugh, yegh riin meshkha, du-
hana
mend norokel, gar- pina or ruq*at mruqel6
gadel kir, diiranin
merchandise
merchant
English,
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS .409

Ministry (civil) nakhararoutiun wizarat waziii
(qaghaqagan)
minute robe, vargian daqiqah daqiqah
mirage (modaqoyn) sarav, kurab sharaw

mirror ha\ eli awina, nink nora, mirre
missing hinda bu msukra
mist mek, marak- duman, khiiz, hoga

hough mizh
mix kharrnel taik da, khalat khletle
kir
Mohammedan Dadjig musulman mashlmana

moisture khonavoutiun rutubat, shili, teriiitha, tali-
tarri lutha
monastery vanq, der daira
menastan
'Monday Yergoushapti Dushambah Trushaba
money tram, sdag para, diraf ziizi
money- loumayapokh sarraf surap, sarrafa

changer
monitor rasmanav
monsoon (darevor mausum,

hoghm) fa§le ba
month amis haiv, mah yerkha
moon lousin mah, haiv, sehra

mong
new moon nor lousin hiva nii, hiv sahra khata
hilati, hilal
full moon gadar lousin hiva tam, badr badri
^,
moor (tie up) baranovgabel gami shedan-
din, langar
avitin or
avizhin
I more
i^ aveli galakter, besh kabira,
peterr zoda
410. GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
morning ?abah 9ubtL sabah
mortar juss bastan kharj

(for chemicals);
havan (mili-
tary) or tup-e
qumbara-
andazi
mosque jami', mesjid masjid jami', mesjid
mosquito baqq (bug) pashsheh sivri sinek
mosquito-net kullah pashsha-band sineklik, jibin-

lik
mother umm madar ana, valide
motor-boat markab gaz kashtiya khud-
ravan
mound tell (pi. tumi) tappa, khakriz tepejik, hiiyiik
(military)
mountain jebel [fl. kuh dagh
jibal)
mountain- silsilat jibal kiihistan dagh silsilesi,
range sira daghlar

mouse far (pi. firan) mush sichan, fare
mouth halq (pi. huluq) dahan aghz
mouth (of sadr (esh-shatt) dahaneh (irmaq) aghzi
river)
move (trans.) harrak, yuhar- tahrik kardan, naql etmek,
rik kun qimildatmaq
move (intrans.) taharrak, yata- harakat kar- qimildanmaq
harrak dan, kun
much {adj.) kathir bisyar choq
much {adv.) kathir khaili choq
mud tin, wahl chamur
muddy muwahhil gil-alud chamurli

mud -flats wahl balchiq
mule boghl {pi. ba- astar, qatir qatir

ghal)
muleteer baghghal, mu- charvadar qatir ji
kari

morning arravod subahi, suba qadamta, be-
epare
mortar shaghakh hawan gejkhaq
mosque
municipal beledi baladi beladiye
munitions mu'addat el- muhimmat-e muhimmat

harb jangi {or lava-
zim-e qushun)
must lazim bayad {imper- -meli, -mali

sonal) (suffix to verbal
root) ;
lazim
(necessary)
mutiny {n.) 'asyan, thorah 'a§yan 'isyan, tughyan
mutton lahm ghanam gusbt-i- qoyun eti
gusfand
my -i
(suffix), mail -i-man, -am benim, -im
(after noun) (suffix) (suffix)
myself nefsi kbudam kendim
nail (iron) bismar (])l. mikh chivi, mikli

basamir)
nail (finger) dhafr (pi. adba- nakhun tirnaq
fir)
name ism (pi. asami nam ism, ad
and isma)
what is the shism ? ism-ash chist ? -e ne derler ?
name of ?
narrow iibaiyiq tang dar
napkin peshqir dastmal-e peshkir

sufra
nationality jinsiyah milliyat ; milliyet
vatan (native
country)
native (n.) ibn el-bilad bumi yerli
naval bahri darya'i, bahri bahr
navigable yanmeshi bi- qabil-e ubur-e seiri sefayine
safinah kashti musa'id
navigate qad el-markab, kashti randan, qapudanliq
yaqud el- ran etmek
markab

municipal taghabedagan, madam, d-mdita
qaghaqayin baladi
munitions rrazmamterq chakke sharr, asbabi qosho-
masalihe nayi, jabo-
sharr, jabak- khana
»
must bedq e
hana
lazim, garak lazim
mutiny {n.) absdampou- esian 'aslyiitha, ma-

tiun rodhutha
mutton vochkhari mis goshte pazz bisra d-erba
my im -min {svjfflx) -i
{suffix), di-i
myself inqs, yesinqs, az bikhwa, gani

inqzinqs min bkho
nail (iron) kam, peverr bizmar bismara
nail (finger) yeghoung ninuk tipra
name anoun nav shimma
what is the inche anoune nave...chia ? ma shimma d- ?
name of ? i
9
narrow negh tang, task, 'iqa

jemik
napkin antzerrots pishkir, pa- dasmal
shik, kaffiya
nationality azkaynoutiun, millat milat
azkoutiun
native {n.) deghatsi, pnig ahl balad yerluya

naval navayin
navigable navargeli qabil 'ubur, spayi qa
na-kur gamiye
navigate navargel
navigation milahah, qiya- rah bari-yi- qapudanliq

dat el-markab jahaz
navy- U9tul, bahriyah jahazat donanma
near jarib or qarib nazd, nazdik yaqin
necessary (it lazim lazim ast lazim, gerek

is)
neck ruqbah gardan boyiin
need {v.) ihtaj ila, muhtaj shu- muhtaj olmaq,
yahtaj ila dan, shau istemek
needle ibrah {pi. ibar) siizan lyne
neighbour jar {pi. jiran) hamsaya qonshu
neighbourhood mahallah nazdiki {or qonshuluq

(quarter of hamsayagi)
town) ; qurb
neither . . . nor la . . . wa-la nah . . . nah ne . . . ne
net shebekah dam agh
(against mos- kullah sineklik

quitoes)
never abadan {ivith abadan {fol- hich ( -^nega-
negative) lowed hy na, tive)
'not')
new jadid nau yeni
news khabr {sing.) akhbar khaber
newspaper jaridah {pi. ruznameh ghazeta

jarayid)
next tham(of time) ; digar yandaki (be-
agrab side) ;
sonra
(after)
tayyib latif, khush eyi, giizel,

tatli
night lelah shab geje

English.
English. Annenian. Kurdish: Syriac.

nippers aqdzan gasd ; miqash, gaz, malkta, kal-
qelbetin mashik, kal- bittin
(Turkish) bittin
no voch no, na la
noise tzayn dang, faryad qalmaqal
nomad vranapnag kochari; re- kochari

wendan
noon ges or nivro,nimaro palge d-yoma
no one voch voq chu kas chu kha
north hiusis shimal garbya
northern hiusisayin
nose qith difin, qupu nakhira
nosebag dobrag (tziou juhor, tura 'aiiqah, juhorre
snounti)
not voch, ch' la
not at all amenevin qat'an, abadan qat'an, abadan,

hich
note (letter) domsag, krou- kakhaz. mak- ktawa

tiun
; tub
(promissory) khosdmnakir *ahd-nama hiijat
note-book houshadedr kitab, kakhaz daptar

nothing vochinch chii tesht, hichchu mindi
nothing, for vochinch, tzri balash herwa, balash

(gratis)
not yet terr voch, hesh na, hizhi hesh la
dogavin voch na
November Noemper Teshrlni sani, Tcheri kharaya

paiz
hima, ayzhm nuha, istaka daha, adiya
nowhere voch oureq, bchii ja, bchii b-chu diiktha

voch mi degh arda
D d
I
English.
1 English.
P.
English.
English.
order (system
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 42a
English.
English.

pannier goghov se-
; zanbil, salik kajawa
ped (Turkish)
'eixnev
paper thoukht kaghi waraqa
parasol hovanots sewan, sham- shumsiya

siya
parley (w.) panagtsoutiun akhivtin mhamzamta,
mahkaitha
parole (n.) khosdoum kalam sharaf qola
party (dinner) djashgeruyt da'wat, ziafat qonakhligh

pass (defile) girj (of moun- gall, boghaz boghaz, raola
tains) galiya
passage (an antsq re, ria, rabori sapar
act)
passage (way) jampa, jana- rre, rria aliilta, kolana,
barh urkha
passage- navou dzakhs ; kre, haq kherj d-sapar
money navargoutian
tram
passport antsakir teskere
password antsaparr,
parola
pasturage jarag, arod eheria, Iwar, mar'iya, zozan
mar* a
path shavigh, hedq rre, rria urkha
patrol {n.) bahaban, kis- pasban, natore

hertabah naubachi
patrol {v.) patrol unel naubah kir ntere
hertabahel
pay (w.) vjar, vartsq haq, para liaq
English.
pay {v.) vjarel haq da mxirzele, iwelle

haq
peace khaghaghou- sulh sulh, shlama

tiun
pear dantz karchin, armii kamitra
peasant kiughatsi rainjbar, fal- bne mata, fellah
lah, jotyar
pen krich qalam, khama qalama
pencil madid qalam risas, pensila, qalam

khonwiss d-riî^
pennant droshag
(arreakh tro-
shag^navi via)
perfume poyr, anousha- behn, *itr rikha
hod
perhaps teryevs, koutse balgl, balani belki
periscope periscop
tidag
permission hraman, touil- rukhsat, das- rukhsat
devoutiun tur, izn
Persia an 'Ajam, Iran 'Ajam
Persian Barsig 'Ajami 'Ajamaya
people zhoghovourt khalq, mirova nashe
bghbegh filfil film
pepper
petition (n.) aghersakir, arzahal ba'utha,
aghachanq arzahal
pheasant pasian tiirang, tai-
hiich
photograph lousangar
in.)
pick-axe brrich kulang, mawal ma'wal, nara
picket (n.) arrachakound,
picket
picture badger surat shikla, surta
piece {n.) gdor, mas parcha, par sama
pier navamaduyts askalah askalah

^s
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 4^
1 English.
English.
English. Armenian.
pleasant
please
poor faqir, meskin darvish,miskin fuqara

pork lahm khanzir gusht-i-khuk domuz eti
'
population adad en-nuf us adad-i-sukkan ehali

mamlakat
port bander, mina bandar liman
{fl. mawani)
port (of ship) yisar geminin iskele
tarafi
hard a-port tammam lil- alabanda iskele
yisar
porter (door) bawwab darban qapuju
porter hammal {pi. hammal hamma.1

(carrier) tiamamil)
porthole shubbak lumbar deliyi
portmanteau j
ant ah jama-dan chanta
possibly yimkin mumkin belki
post office postakhaneh post-khaneh posta-khane

pot (for cook- jidr dig or patila tenjere, qazan
ing)
pot (for water) hibb (large) ibriq testi, chiimlek

pottery fakharah zuruf-e chini chanaqlar,
or kuza muza chiimekler
'
potatoes patetah sib-i-zamm patates
pour out sabb, yasubb rikhtan, riz dokmek
powder (gun-) barud barud barut

praise(v.) medeh, yim- situdan, sita medh etmek
dah
pray (worship, §alla, yusalli namazkardan du*a etmek
prayer sala {vl. sala- namaz du' a

wat)
prefer fadhdhal, tarjihi dadan, terjih etmek
vufadhdhil deh
English.

prepare {trans.) ha dhdh ar, yu- amudan,ama or hazirlamaq
English.
English. Arahic. Persian. Turkish.

'
proprietor sahib malik sahib
protection (of himayah himayat himave

weak States)
province wilayah vilayat vilayet

provisional waqti (tempo- muvaqqati- shimdilik ichin
rary).* mash-
rut (condi-
/
tional)
public (n.) en-nas, el-'am- khalq khalq
mah
pulse (wrist) nabdh nabz nabz
pump (n.) trambah tulumbeh tulumba
punish qaâ?, yuqasij^ saza dadan, mujazat etmek
dehormujazat
dadan, deh
punitive ta' qibi tambihi mujazat ichin
pupil (scholar) telmidh shagird shagird
pure safi (of water khalis pak, temiz, safi
saf
purse kiB, jozdan kisa kese
pursue teba' yitba'

proprietor sepaganader khudan, khu- mara

dan mnlk
protection (of bashdbanou- himavat bast
weak States) tiun (thuyl
garavarou-
tiants)
province nahank wilayat wilayah
provisional arrzhamanagia bo wakhte, qadana
muaqqat
public (w.) zhoghovourt, khalk, 'am- ]

am
hanrayin matun-nas
pulse (wrist) zarg, dropoum nabz, damar lumza
pump (n.) chrhan trumba trumbah
punish badzbel tarbya da, pe mqusi^le
gabin
punitive badzbagan qasasi, jazai qa mta'lamta

pupil (scholar) ashagerd shagird talmida
pure maqour, taza, pak, sapiya
anarad kharu
purse ,
qsag kisa, jazdan, kisa

tiirik
pursue hedabndel, pesh cho, 'reqle bathre

haladzel . ravandi
(enemy)
put dnel da nian mutiile
put out (light) mai'el tifandin, son- muchme

der kirin
puttee zankabanag, pasta, shibaqa
dzngagab
quality vorag, vorbi- sifat, tab', tukhma
soutiun jins
quantity qanagoutiun miqdar, kam- qudra

miyat
quarantine qarantin karantina karantina
quarrel (n.) grriv sharr, gelj, duz drasha
English.
English. Armenian, Kurdish. Syriac.

quarry (rt.) qarahanq ma' dan, ma'dan d-kipi
maqta'
quarter (part, chorrort (mas) charik, charag
n.) chwarik
(of town, w.) tagh mahallat mahal
quarter deghavorel,
{v.) manzil da mu'mere, mus-
pnagetsnel kenne
quarter-master zorabed nazire ma -
askar, mudir
umure *as-
kariya
quay qarap askalah askalah
question (n.) hartsoum pirsyar, su'al mbaqarta-
quick arak, shdab zu, sevek, gurj qalula^

quickly shdabav, zu qalula
shoudov
quiet bandard hadi, sakit nikba, hidya
keep quiet !
Irre, hantard besakkina, shli, shttiq
(imper.) getsir harak na-ka
(movement)
quilt •vermag lalief urgban
, laêfa
quinine qnaqina kanakina, klnakina
kinJna
rajbbit djakar, nabas- kerwishk, kerwish
dag kargu
race (horse, n.) tziarsbav asl (lineage) ;
rikhta
baz
race-course asbarez mus maidan
radish poghg turp, fijl, pol pira

raft lasd kalak kalak
raid {n.] asbadagoutiun Idiara, ghazu ghazu
rails tsang, vanta-
railway yergatougbi ria papore urkha d-prizla
railway gayaran
station
Arabic. Persian.
rain (n.) matar
raisins zabib
ram [v.) sudam, yaadim kubidan, kub basmaq

range masafah amaj, masafat atim, menzil
(firing dis-
tance)
rank (posi-
tion, n.)
rarely
rat
read
«^'
ready
rear
rearguard
reason (cause,
n.)
rebel
rebellion
receipt
receive {v.)
reckless
G^LOSSARIES OF WORDS 441
English.
English.
English. Armenian. Kurdish Syriac.

refugee pakhesdagan muhajir, dak-
hil
refuse {v.) merzhel qabul nakir la qbille, rfizle
regiment zorakount alai
regret (v.) tsavil, apsosal asaff kir, m'usufle

tengi
regular ganonavor 'askar nazami 'askaraya
(soldier) (zork) or khalis
regulation gark, ganon qanun qanona
reinforcements nor uyzlier imdad, hari madad
reins yerasan, santz lighau leghema
relations azkaganner khizm, ahl kliizme

(kindred)
release {v.) artzagel az kir, berdan 'ewedhle aza
reliefs zoravik, baba- isai, bar, bawar, *aun

gapokhoutiun bawar
zorats
religion gronq din toditba
remain mnal main, rawastin pisble
remember hisbel labir batin itbele 1-bale,

tkbere
remittance trami pokhana- amanat, tas-
(money tsoum limhaq
rent {n.) vartzq kir a, kire kiri
repeat grgnel takrar kir tnele
reply (n.) badaskban jawab juwab

report {v.) lour dal,deghe- iqrar kir ewedble iqrar
gakrel sbidble
report (n.) degbegakir taqrir iqrar, sabdu-

tba
representative nergayatsout- wakil, na'ib wakil
sicb, pokha-
nort
republic jamhuiiyah jumhur jumhuriyet
repulse (n.) difa' difa' maghlubiy^t

(defeat)
request (n.) talbah, istid'a khahish rija
reserve radif radif redif, ihtiyat-

(military, n.)
reservoir hodh ab-ambar khazna, sarnij
resignation , isti'fa isti'fa isti'fa

resistance muqawamah, muqawameh muqaveme
difa'
resolute musirr, tbabit, ba 'azm sabit qadem
azim jesur
respect (n.) i'tibar ihtiram hurmet
rest (v.) istarah, aramidan, istirahat et-

yastarih aram mek
restaurant sufrakhanah. ashpaz-khaneh loqanda
loqandab yemekkhane
result natijab natijeh netije
retreat [n.) insihab *aqab nisha- geri chikilish,

stan rij'at
retreat (v.) insahab, *aqab raftan, geri chikilmek,
yan sahib rau rij'at etmek-
return (v.) reja', yirja' baz amadan, donmek, geri
ai gelmek, avdet
etmek
reveille {n.) yat burasi buq-e bidari yat burasi
(Turkish)
waridah maliyat, irtifa' irad varidat
Revenue Idarahmaliyah Idara-ye mali- Idare-i-maliye

Department yat
reverse (n.) *aks (opposite) shikast 'aqs
review (troops, munadharah san-bini resmi gechid

n.)
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS U^
English.
English.
English,
t
English,

robber kogh, avazag diz, jarda, ginawa
mughlachi
robbery- koghoutiua, dizi ginawutha
avazagoutiun
rock {n.) zhayrr bar, sug, git kepa or kipa
rocky zhajrrrayin
roof daniq sarban, sar- biqarshe, saqaf
khane
room seniag manzal, oda oda, manzal
root armad rih,kok a§l,qara
rope baran, chvan waris, bang khaula
rotten pthadz razia, pis spisa, serya
rough goshd zbir la randa
round {adj.) glor mudauwar, mudauwar,

girover, khirr glola
row {v.) thiavarel
rubbish avellsoug ; khar, mJrdar pushika

zibil
(Turkish)
rudder teg dunbal. pishte durman
gami
ruddy garmrorag, sor, qrrmizi smoqa
garmrakuyn
rug {n.) basdar farsh, marsha, khali
barrik
(for prayer) {no such thing farsh, sajjadah khalicha
used except
by Moham-
ruins averag kharabah kharaba

run vazel ravi, ling da 'riqle
rushes *
hartzagmounq, chiqa qanye
khoyanq
Russia Rousia Urns, Misqof Illisqof
Russian Rousiatsi, Misqofi, Urusi Misqofaya
Rous
Ff
English.
P English.
English.
i English.
English.

scatter tsrvel blau kir, wa- mburbizle
randin
school tbrots maktab madrasah
scissors mgrad miqash miqqas

scout {n.) ted,bahaban jasus gashosha
screw (pro- bdoudag burghi,charkh burghi, charkh

peller)
sea dzov bahre, darya yama
seal (stamp, n. gniq muhr, mur mohr
sealing-wax gnqamom lak lak
searchlight lousakhuyz
(parosneren
yev naveren
artzagvadz
khouzargou
luys)
season yeghanag f asle sale shukhlapa
d-shata
sea-wall dzova-badnesh
second (num- yergrort dui, duani, treyana

ber) sani
secret {n.) kaghdniq sirr, penhani raza
secret {adj.) kaghdni
secretary qartoughar, katib katiba
krakir
secretly kaghdnapar zhepani b-raza,

bdizi,
b-tushwa
security abahovoutiun, aman, pan- iltlzam, sala-
yerashkhavo- hani, amnlat matutha
routiun
see desnel ditin, chau khzele
pai kir
English.

seek piitrrel taftish kir, mputishle
pe garrian
seize prrnel girt in erele
self
English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish.
sextant sextant u^turlab sextant
shade {n.) dhul. fe sayeh giilge, saye

shake harrak, ynhar- takan dadan, sarsmaq, salla-
rik or nafadh, deh maq
yanfudh
shallow gesh, (moi) payab sigh
qalil
shame (n.) 'aib sharm hi jab, ayib
shave {v.) zeyyin, yuzey- tirashidan, trash etmek

yin tirash
sheep ghanam gusfand qoyun
sheet (bed) charchaf chadar charshaf
sheet (of paper)warqah varaq tabaqa

shell (n.) guUeh {fl. gulel) khumpareh mermi, qiim-
bara
shell {v.] dharab bi-top, khumpareh an- qumbara
yadhrab bi- dakhtan, an- atmaq
top daz
ship markab kashti, jahaz sefine, gemi
shirt qami§ thob pirahan
; gomlek
(outer shirt)
shoal shelhah dasta sigh yer, sighliq
shoe {n.) qandarah, .

kafsh, pineh papush, qun-
papush dura
shoe {v.) na'*al, yuna"il na'l band kar- na'alamaq
dan, kun
shoot rama, yarmi gululeh an- tufenk atmaq
or dharab bi dakhtan, an-
ra§a§, yadhrab daz or tir an-
dakhtan,
andaz
shop dukkan {fl. dukkan diikyan
dukakin)
shore sahil kinar, sahil sahil, sii kenari
Emjlish.
English.

short garj kurt kerya
shot (act) harvadz, sachma, risas gunbilta, sach-
kndag ma
shot (bullets)
shoulder ous, thigounk mil, pil rusha
shout (v.) kochel, tsayn dang or hawar m'uyitle,

dal kir, kalin §rekhle
shovel (n.) thiag paru, hestiv roshta, marra
show {v.) tsuyts dal nishan da mukhzele,
mukhwele
shrapnel shrapnel
(pegorq bay-
thogh kndagi)
shrine khoran mazar,. ziaiat ziarat
shut {see close) kotsel, pagel bestin, kuch- ghleqle

andin
sick hivant nasakh, nakh- kriha, nakh-
wosh wosh
sickle mankagh dasik, manjal, magla
turdas,dasiila
side goghm teref, janib janib, dipna
siege basharoumn hisar hisar
sieve magh bezhing, helik, sarida
tiilak, pala
sight (of gun) nshanatsuyts nishangah sipa nishangah
(hratsani)
signal nshan, aztan- nishan nishan
shan
silent, to be Irrel, lourr dav girt, be- shtiqle
nmal dang bii
silting dghmalits gilband skara
silver (adj.) ardzathia

silver {n.) ardzath ziv, ziw sema
English.
English.
English.
English.
soon *an qarib, fi zud chabuk, tez
awwal waqt,
bil-'ajel
sooner gab] zuttar daha chabuq,
daha erken
sortie {n.) khuruj, huj- hamla-ye khuruj, hujum
mah khuruj
sound {adj.) sahih salim sagh, saghlam
sound (noise) saut(2}/.aswat), §ada ses
hiss
sounding ghumq el-moi miqyas isqandil etmesi
(water)
shorbah chorba •
soup ab-i-gusht
sour hamidh turush ekshi
sour milk leben mast yoghurt
south jinub janub jenub, qibla
southern jinubi janubi jeniibi
south wind shergi bad-e janiib jenub dan esen
ruzkiar
sow [v.) zara', yizra* kashtan ekmek
spade misha, mihfar b!l bel, kiirek
spark shararah akhgar, qighiljim,

sharareh sherare
* '
sparrow asf ur [fl. asa- kunjishk serche

fir)
speak haka yahki or guftan, giii soilemek
tekellam,
yetekellam
spear {n.) ramh {pi. ar- naiza gharghi, mizraq
mah)
specially khasusan khususan bashlija
makhsus
specie nuqiid naqd naqd, meskiu
kiat
spectacles mandharat ainak gozlik
speed sur'ah, 'ajalah sur'at siir'at

English.
spend ?araf, yasrif ; sarf kardan sarf etmek,
enfeq, yunfiq kharj etmek
spirits araq araq raqi
spoon khashugal qasbuq qashiq

spring (season) rabi' bahar ilk bahar
spring (of *ain moi cbashmeh punar, cheshme
water)
spur shabiir niihmJz mahmuz
spy (w.) jasus jasus jasus
squadron firqah daste-yi-kasb- donanma, filo
nautical) tiha-yi-jangi
squall (wind) dbarbah bad-i-tund bora
square {adj.) murabba' murabba' dort kiisheli
stable tolah tawlleh akbur

staff (of army, arkan el-harb sar-kardagan- erkian-i-harb
n,) e qushun
stagnant (of khayis, wagif istada durghun, aq-
water) maz
staircase derej nardban, merdiven

pallet
stalks (of saq shakheb saplar
millet or
maize)
stallion fahl {pl.iuhvd) asp-i-nar aighir, at
stamp pill tambr pul

(postage, n.)
stand (t;.) wagaf,yogaf or istadan, ist ayaqda dur-
qam, yaqum maq, dikilmek
star nejmah {fl. sitareh yildiz
nujum)
starboard yamin rast sanjaq jiheti,
sanjaq tarafi
hard a-star- tammam alabanda yali
board lil-yamm

spend dzakhsel kharj kirin kharij
spirits vokelits umpe- 'araq 'araq

liq, oghi
spoon ktal kauchik, liask matamta
spring (season) karoun bahar bahar
spring (of agbpiur kani 'aina
water)
spur kbtban, mtrag pishin sqata
spy {n.) Irdes jasus jasusa
squadron koumardag ;
(nautical) dormigh (of

battleships)
squall (wind) jich, aghaghag, ba mazin karapech
potorig
square {adj.) qarragousi cbargoh, mu- murabba'
rabba*
stable akhorr, kom paga, akhur bikare
stafT (of army, arkane harb
n.)
stagnant (of Ijatsadz (chour) be-harakat,
water)
starvatioD (n.) ju' ; mot ju' gurus nagi ajliq
state (condi- hal {fl. ahwal) hal hal

tion)
station (rail- mahattah mahattah mahatta (in
way) Syria), iskele,
istasion
steal yabuq duzdidan,
baq, chalmaq
duzd
steam bukhar, isbtim bukhar bughu, bukhar
steamer markab bu- kashti-yi-bu- vapor

khar, khari
bakhirali
steel (n.) fuladh piilad chelik
steel {adj.) min fuladh puladi chelik
steering-gear alat el-idarah dumen-aleti
steersman sukkanchi dumandu dumenji

stem (of ship) §adr el- pishi-yi-jahaz geminin bashi
markab
stern akhir pusht-i-jahaz geminin qichi
el-markab
steward khadim qamarot
stick (n.) *a§a, 'iidah chub-i-dasti deinek, sopa

still (of ila '1-an hanuz, ta bi- daha, henoz
time) hal
stirrups rikab rikab iizengi
stock (of a gun) qundaq(j9?.qa- kundeh qundaq
nadiq)
stoker nari, atashi vaporun
waqqad ateshjisi
stomach batn, ma*dah shikam, mi' da qarin, mi'de
«tone ha jar (pi. hijar) tash

stony liajari sang-sar tashli
stop (intrans.) wagaf, yogaf istadan, ist durmaq

starvation {n.) ansvagoiitiim, birsiti, birchi, kipna
anotoutenne zhbirsa mi-
merrnil rine, girani
state (condi- vijag hal tial
tion)
station (rail- gayan, gaya-
ran
steal koghnal dizin gniile
steam shoki bukhar bukhar, liau-

hara
steamer shokenav
steel {n.) boghbad piila poladh

steel {adj.) boghbadia min poladh
steering-gear sharzhich
kortziq, aniv
steersman ghegavarich dumanchi dUmanchi
stem (of ship) klkhadzayr
(navi)
stern verchadzayr
(navi)
steward dndes,sbasavor khadim, khiz- ghulama
(navi) matkar
stick (n.) kavazan dar, gopal qatta
still {adv.) dagavin hatta nuha hul daha
stirrups asbantag auzum, zengi zangul

stock (of a gun) goth (hratsani) qundakh qiindakha
stoker navi-gragarar
stomach porr, stamox zik, mada ma'dah, kasa,

istiimka
stone qar bar kepa
stony qarod mari kipi
stop {intrans.) gank arrneJ rawustan, klele, smikhle
sakinin

stores arzaq, dha- zakhlreh tedariikyat,
khayir, alwas levazimat
(grain)
stork legleg laqlaq, laklak leylek, haji
baba
storm dharbah tufan firtina
stormy- 'ajaj tufani firtinali
story hikayah hikayat hikyaye
stove sopa, bukhari bukhari soba
straight 'adil, giibal rast doghru

(straight on)
strange gharib, 'a jib gharib yabanji, gharib
strap ser tasmeh qaish
strategy fann el-harb fann-i-muha- sevq el-jeish
rabeh
straw tibn kah saman
stream nahr, mejra jui chai, su
street shari', darb khiyaban soqaq
strength quwah zur quvvet
stretcher sedyah takhta

stretcher- shayyal hamil-e takhta
bearer
strike dharab, zadan, zan vurmaq
yadhrib
strike camp qala' el-khi- chadirha chadirleri
yam, yakhla' kandan, kun qaldirmaq
el-khiyam
string khait, siitli risman
strong qawi qawi quvvetli
stupid thaqil, balid na-dan 'aqlsiz,
shashqin
subaltern mulazim nayib mulazim
submarine ghawwasah ghauwaseh tahtu'1-bahr
success najah zafar muvafaqiyet
suddenly def'atan nagah ap-ansiz, bir-
baghtatan den-bire
sugar sheker qand, shakar sheker

stores mtherq zakhira, anbar zakhira, 'anbar
stork arakil laglag, hajji laglag

laglag
storm
sugar-cane qasab esh- nai-shakar sheker qamishi

sheker
suitable muwafiq munasib miinasib, laiq
summer tabistan yaz

sun shems aftab giinesh
Sunday- Yom el-ahad Yekshambeh Bazar-gunu
sunrise tulii' esli- tulu'-i-aftab giin doghusu
shems
sunset ghuriib esh- gburub-i-aftab ghurub, giin
shems batisi
supper 'asha sham aqsham ta'ami
supplies arzaq, zakbireh levazimat

muiiimmat
surgeon jarrah jarrah jerrah
surrender sellem, yusel- sipurdan, teslim etmek
(trans.). See lim sipar
also give in
survey (v.) hendes, yuhen- misfihat kar- (araziyi) olch-
dis dan mek
surveyor muhendis massah muhendis

suspected mashbuh mazniin shubheli,
maznun
sweet hulu, *adhb shirin tatli
(of water)
swelling (n.) wurum amas shish, shishlik
swim (v.) sebeh, yisbah shinawari kar- yiizmek

dan, kun
switch (of rail- maqass mil-e naqqala-
way, n.) ye rah-e ahan
sword sef {'pl. suyuf) shamshir qilij
syphilis frengi kuft frengi, efrenj
Syria Esh-Sham, Sham Sham

Suriya
table mez miz trebeze, sofra
tactics harakat tadabir-i-har- ta'biye el-jeish
harbiyah biyeh
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac

sugar-cane shaqareghek
suitable harmar munasib, leha- munasib, laiq

tin
summer amarr havin qaita
sun arev tav, tau shemsha
Sunday Giragi Yeksbamb Khaushaba
sunrise arevadzak rubalat, su- isaqa d-yauma
bahi
sunset arevamoud kbwatawa, gnaya d-yauma
ghurub
supper entriq shiv, cliaish- kharamsha
tashav
supplies bashareghen zakhira zakhira
surgeon virapuyzli jarrah, hakim jarral;!,

hakim
surrender hantznel teslim kir msulemle
{trans.). See
also give in
survey (v.) kednachapel masahat or makhi-tanap
handasat
kirin
surveyor yergrachap muhandis tanapchi
suspected gasgadzeli bshubha, khiishubha
bguman
sweet anoush shirin haluya
swelling {n.) ourruytsk ba girtine, zirta

panamiani
swnm (v.) loghal malavan bii skhele
switcli (of rail- jiugh, aqdzan

way, n.)
sword sour, tliour shir saipa
syphilis fransagan akhd farangi, maraz
khabis
Syria S3rria Sham Suriya, Sham
table seghan mez, sifra mez, sifra

tactics rrazmakhagh,
tactis
English.

' '
tail aki, boch duv, dunk, tiipra
dulik, boch
tailor (n.) tertzag derzi derzi

take arrnel, vertsnel helgirtin, shqille
birin, standin
talk {v.) zroutsel, gotin, akhav- muhkele
khosel tin
tall
English.

tenant (n.) vartsagal kirchi, kirikir ijaradar
tent vran mal, kun, cha- kwina, chader
dir
tent-peg vranatsits, senk, mikh stunta
vrani tsits
tent -rope vrani lar bang, rist khaula de-
kwina
than qan zh . . . la , . min
thank shnorhagal shiker kir shkere, tanen
linel minta
that {conj.) the, zi, vor ki d-
that (pron.) at, ayt, ayn av, an awa, 6
thaw (n.) tsogh av buyan pishrana

thee kez, skez ta, tii -6kh(yem.-akh)
their anonts -wan, awan -waihi

theirs anontsn yawan diyaihi
them zanonq (accws.) -wan -naihi
anonts (dat.)
then (at that an-aden avjar, wejare ai gah
time)
then (after aba, hedo bar
that)
thence andi, ande- zhwedare, min tama
ghen zhera
there ayn-degh, ant audare, aora tama
there is ga haya Tth
thermometer chermachap
these {pron.) asonq van, aman

they anonq van, awan
thick tantzr, khid ustur, tir ghaliz, qishya
(of liquid) (of liquid)
thief kogh, avazag diz ganawa
thimble madnots kishtabani kishtabani
thin nosr, barag zrava, larr naqidha, ra-
qlqa
thine qougt yata, mal eta dyokh
English.
English. Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac,

thing pan, ir tishtak mindi
think mdadzel, fakkirin mtukhminne
khorhel
thirst {v.) dzaravil tihna or tl, shele
bu
thirsty dzaravi tina, tl §ehya
this ays av, ama adhi, aha
thither on antr, hon lawedare tama

thorn poush derrik, duiru, kitwa
khar
camel-thorn derrik, duiru, kitwa d-giimh^
khar
those {fron.) adonq, anonq van anai
thou tou tu ayet, ate
thread the], tertzan risi, dezhi, gdhadha

machir
threaten sbarrnal tahdid kir ewedhle tahdid
threshing gamnel, tsoren malish kirine,

dzedzel la bidar avi-
tin, daq kirino
throat gogort giirl, gilii, qur- qdhala
rig
through meg goghmen liniv, zhniv m-go
miuse, me-
chen, michot-
sav
thunder vorodoumn dandar, dangi gargimma
asman, hau
rataqa
Thursday Hinkshapti Penjshamb Khamshau-
shaba
thy qou
tick (insect) tziasdats

(michad),
gene, gana
nil
English.
English.
English.
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 48-

tongue lezou azman, zwan lishana
to-night ays kisher av shava, am idlaile

shau
tonnage daroghoutiun
(navi)
too (also) nuynbes zhi, z!, ham ham
tool kortziq alat alitta
tooth adam dudan kaka
toothache adamnatsav darde dudan mar'a d-kaka

top-boot yergan goshig chekme
torpedo (n.) torpedo
touch (v.) shoshapel dast girtin gishle fa-
tpchil
tough gardzr, bind sart sart, qeshya

tow (v.) navaqarshel gami kishan- garish
din or dar
inan
towards tebi tarafe 1-balad, 1-
towel srpich, kafiya, khaoli kaffiya

yeressrpich
tower ashdarag, burj burja
amrots
town qaghaq shahr, bazhar mdhita
track hedq daus daus

trade (com- vajaraganou- tijarat, bazir- tajirutha
merce, n.) tiun gam
trader khanoutban tajir, bazirgan tajir
train (railway, shokegarq train, papor mashina
n.)
translate tarkmanel tarjamat kir mturjimle
translation tarkmanou- tar jamah tar jamah

tiun
English.
English. Armenian. Kurdish. ISynac.

transport {v. )
ourish degh naql kirin, labil
danil haml kirin,
birrin
travel {v.) jamportel safar kirin, *awid sapar
garrianin
traveller jamport rem, rewanchi, urkbachi
rebuar
treacherous nengavor ghaddar, kbain ghaddar, khain
'
treaty tashnakroutiun ahd sharat nania
tree dzarr dar ilana
trench khram khandaq
tribe tsegh, dohm *ashiret, mal 'ashirah
tributary" (of hargadou ked rubar hacha

stream)
trigger tzkan paya, chaq- uqlad-topang

maq
trot {v.) suyr, yerakn- luk lok cho mluqliqle
thats
trouble (n.) vishd, hok, zamat, peri- zahmat
neghoutiun shani, tikil,
khuduk
trough (of gour, ourt sangav 'agana
water, w.)
trousers (Euro- antravardiq, pantaluD, pantul

' '
pean) pantalon shall

(Oriental) vardiq darpe, shall, shalwar
peshma
truce zinatatar havaliye ithaya li-khdha
dh6
truck pats perrna-
garrg, sayl
true irav, jshmarid, rast, drest, haq, sarast-
oughigh sarast trusa
English. Arabic. Persian, Turkish,
try jarrab, yujar- kiishidan, clialishmaq

rib kush (endeavour) ;
tejribe etmek
(experiment)
Tuesday
English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac,

try chanal tajrib kir mjurible
Tuesday-
unexpected mu muntazar nagahan umulmamish
uniform

unexpected ansbaseli lanishkiwa, d-la idhatha or
zhghafle intizar ghafla-
tan
uniform hamazkesd Jul, kenj julle
(soldier's)
unjust anartar zalim, be-insaf, zalim, be-insaf
bedad
unkind ankout, dmarti, berahmat, be- bi rakhmi
gosht muruwat
unload (pere)barbel bar dainan mrape tana
unlucky anpaklit berisq, be- d-la risq

bakht
unpleasant anhajo, nakhwosh nakhwosh, d-la
lutf
unripe dhas, khag na-chebia, na- kal
gehla. na-
'
gaishti
unsafe anabahov be-aman, na-salamat
mukhtir,
daraki
unsbod anbavd pai-rut, pai- d-la soli
tazi, pai-
khaos, pai-
luit
unsuitable anharmar lak-layeq, la
munasib
untrue anjist arast, daggala, diigla
nadrest
up (of motion) ver zhor, bar, hal l-'ulul
upon vra *al
urgent garevor, sdi- lazim, wajib lazim, band

boghagan
urine mez, sherr miz, mis juri, tine /
us mez {dat.) -ma (suffix) -an [suffix)
smez {accus.]
use (v.)
kordzadzel isti'mal kir mustu'mille
mpalikh
English.
English. Amienian, Kurdish. Syriac.

useful okdagar mufid, b'ish mari paida
useless anokoud namufid, beish d-la manfa'ah
usually sovorapar *adatan 'adatan
vain zour, vochinch, batil, be-fa'ida batila

barab
vain, in 1 zour *abathan, ma- 'abath, b-go

nasiz batiliitha
valley hovid dol, nuhal wadT, ra'ola
valuable knahadeli thamin, bahali mari tima
vanguard arracbabahq paishe 'askare
veal horti mis goshte guerik bisra d-sharkha

or gah
vegetables ganacheghen zarzawat zarzawat
veil (for dzadzgots izar chudra, cher-
women, n.) showi
vengeance vrezh intiqam
tol, tol
verandah jemelik diwan, qirish ewan
verbally pernatsi daviidav, b-kemma

zhdav
vermin karshadjdji kirm, kurum righja
very shad, huyzh galak, per raba

victory haghtoutiun bezand, ber, ghalaba
ghalaba
victuals baren, bashar zakhira, zakhira. ikhala
khwarin
view {v.) yerevoyt, de- manzar, chav- khzeta
saran bina!
village kiugh, shen (of gund, gundik, mata

huts) avan avahi (of
huts) dikaya
;
vine (grape, n .) vort raz, daritiri, gipta

violent shadid, kharij sakht, tund eliiddetli
visit (m.) ziyarah ziyarat ziyaret

visit [v.) zar, yaziir ziyarat kar- ziyaret etmek
dan, kun
visitor khattar (6-.
and meliman musafir
pl.)
voice sawt (y?L a§wat) awaz ses
volley (n.) ramyah slialik yayilim
volunteer mutatawwa* dau-talab gunuUii *asker
(soldier, n.)
voyage seferel-bahr safar-i-darya denizseferi
wade
English.

warn khattar, yu- agahi dadan, ikhtar etmek,
khattir deh khabervermek
wash {trans.) ghassal, yu- shustan, shui yiqamaq
ghassil
wash oneself ightasal, khudra yiqanmaq
yaghtasil shustan, shui
wasp zambur {pi. zambur or eshek arisi
zanabir) zambur-e khar
waste {trans.) dhayya', zayi' kardan, israf etmek
yudhayyi' or kun
etlef yuthf
,
lay waste {v.) kharrab, yuk- kharab kardan kharab etmek

harrib
,
watch {v.) haras, yahrus nigah dashtan, gozlemek,
or natar, dar bekjilik etmek
yantur
watch (n.) sa'ah sa'at sa*at
watch (on ship) naubah naubat varda
watchman nobachi didaban otji, bekji
water moi ab su
water-bottle matriyah shishe-yi-ab mastara
(military)
water-carrier saqqa saqqa saqqa, su]i
water-closet edebkhanah khala abdest-khane
water-skin garbah mashk su tulumu
water-wheel na'ur dulab dolab

(for irrigation)
wave (w.) moj (pL am- mauj dalgha
waj)
we ehna or ihna ma biz
weak dha'if za*if quvvetsiz
zaîf
wealthy zengln ghani daulatmand

; zengin. parali
{pi. aghniya) or mutamarvil
English,
GLOSSARIES OF WORDS
English.
English.
whether . . or idha ... yo or khah . . . khah ya . . .
yakhod
au
which ? e, ya yahii ?
; kudam ? hangi ?
(without noun)
whip {n.) qamchi taziyaneh, qamchi
shallaq
whirlpool khora girdab girdab
white abyadh safid beyaz, aq

whither li-wen bikuja nereye
who, which elledhi, elli keh ki
who ? men ? keh ? kim ?
whole {adj\) tammam, kull salim, tamam bitiin, hepisi
(all)
whose ? mal men ? mal-e ki ? kimin ?
why lesh chira nichun
wicked sharir, shetan sharir f ena
wide *aridh pahn genish

widow armalah (pi. biveh-zan dul
aramil)
wife zojah harmah zan, zan jeh
; qari, harem
(Arab)
wild wahshi ; barri biyabam, yaban
(of fruit) wahshi
willing radhi razi gUniillii
win ghalab, yagh- ghalib shudan, qazanmaq

lib (over- shau
come); hassal,
yuhassil (gain)
wind (n.) hawa bad riizg}âr
wind {v.) dawwar, yu- pichidan, pich, qiirmaq
dawwir kfik kardan,
kun (a watch)
window shubbak daricheh, pen j ere
rauzan
windy bi-hawa badi riizkiarli, yelli
wine sharab khamr, mai sherab


whether . . or artioq yan . . .
yan
which ? vore ? chi, kizhan ? eni ?
whip (n.) kharazan qamchi qamchi
whirlpool hortzanq, garr, garrav girdab

chrerou bdoyd
white sbidag spi, boz khwara
whither our la'arde ki laika d-
who, which ov, vor ki d- {prefix)
who ? ov? ki ? man! ?
whole [adj.) polor, ampoghj sakhlam, salim saghlam, salim
whose ? voroun ? ya ki ? d-mani ?

why- inchou bochi, chira qamudi
wicked char bizha, gunah- bisha
kar, mufsid
wide layn pehn, ferrah pethya, wasi*
widow ayri gin, ayri zhinabi, bemer armiltha
wife gin zhin bakhta
wild . vayreni kuvi, daba barbraya
willing hozharagam muti*, dvet muti*, kba'e,

kibe
win haghtel ghalib bu, ghlible
birrin
wind (n.) qami ba, wa paukha

wind {v.) volorel, pichandin, mukhdhere
bdoudagel pichin
window badouhan, shabbaka, shabbaka

lousamoud penjara
windy hoghmalits,
qamiod
wine kini mai, sharab khamra
English^
604 GLOSSARIES OF AVORDS
English, Arabic. Persian. Turkish.

worth (be) sawa, yiswa arzidan, arz qimeti (its
worth is ,
wound (v.) jarrah, yujarrih zakhmkardan, yaralamaq

kun
wound (n.) jurh {^pl. juruh) zakhm yara
wound-dresser rabbat juruh marham guzar timarji
wounded majruh zakhm yaralanmish

khurdeh
wreck [n.) markab mad- kashti-yi- gharq
miir, hatam shikasteh
wreckage damar khurdaha-yi- qirinti,
kashti kharabe
wrist {n.) khusr much bilek
write keteb, yiktub navishtan, yazmaq

navis
I write iktub ml-navisam yazarim
thou writest tiktub mi-navisi yazarsin
he writes yiktub mi-ravjsad yazar
we write niktub mi-navisim yazariz
you write tiktubun mi-navlsid yazarsiniz
they write yiktubun mi-navisand yazarlar
I shall write iktub khaham yazajaghm
navisht
thou wilt tiktub khahinavisht yazajaqsin
write
he will write yiktub khahad yazajaq
navisht
we shall write niktub khahim yazajaghiz
navisht
vou will write tiktubun khahid yazajaqsiniz
navisht
they will yiktubiin khahand yazajaqlar
write navisht
I Vrote ana ketebet navishtam yazdim
thou wrotest inta ketebet navishti yazdin
he wrote keteb
hiia navisht yazdi
she wrote hiya ketebet navisht yazdi
GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS 505
English.
506 GLOSSAEIES OF WORDS
English.
English.
IS
10
512
NUMERALS 513

1,121 hazar hariur hazar usad alpa uemma
qsanmeg ubist uyak wisri ukha
2,000 yergou hazar du hazar trai alpe

3,000
10,000 dasn hazar dah hazar 'israalpe
100,000 hariur hazar sad hazar emma alpe
4 ges niv pelga, palga
J qarrort rub*, char ek rubi', arba* kha

both (of them) yergoqian, har du terwaihi
yergouqn al
first arrachin auwal, peshin qamaya
second yergrort duwi, duwan di-trai
third yerrort siyan
sell, di-tlatha
K k
614
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Time
Where is ?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 515
Gome up ! Wait for me

Arabic. Utla'.
Persian. Bi-ya (Come on!); Bar
khiz (Rise up !).
Turkish. Yuqariya gel !
Arm. Ver yeg (sing.), ver yegeq

{flur^ !
Kurd. Wara hera !
Syriac. Hayy5 lakha !
Go down !
Arabic. Inzil {pi. Inzilu) !
Persian. Bi-rau pa'in !
Turkish. Ashagha git !
Arm. Var kna {sing.), var

knatseq {pi.) !
Kurd. Harra kliware !
Syriac. Nkhotli !
Turn to the right (left).
Arabic. Ilfet *ala yaminek ('ala

shimalek).
Persian. Bi-taraf-i-rast (chap) bi-
rau.
Turkish Sagha don, sola don.
Arm. Ach tartzeq (tzakh tart-
zeq).
Kurd. Bezeverra larast (lachap).
Syriac. Dor 1-yamne (1-chappe)
516 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How far is it ? At six o'clock.
Arabic. Shqad ba'id ? Arabic. Es-sa'ah sittah

Persian. Bi-sa'at-i-shish.
Persian. Chi-qadar rah-ast ?
Turkish. Ne qadar uzaq dir ? Turkish. Sa'at altida.
Arm. Vorqan herrou e ? Arm. Zham vetsin.
Kurd. Chand haya la ? Kurd. Bisa'at shash.
Kmail^ rahuqa ? Syriac. Sa'ah b'eshshet.
Syriac.
It is not far !
In the morning.
Arabic. Mu ba*id !
Persian. Dur nist !
Turkish. Uzaq deyil !
Arm. Herrou che !
Kurd. Na dura !
Syriac. Laile rahuqa !
Two hours* distance.

Arabic. Masafat sa*aten.
Persian. Bi masafe-yi-du sa'at, or
Du sa'at rah.
Turkish. Iki sa'atliq vol.
Arm. Yergou zhamva jampa.
Kurd. Ria du sa'at.
Syriac, Urkhad tette sa'e.
When will he come ?

Arabic. Yimta yiji ?
Persian. Kai mi-ayad ?
Turkish. Ne zeman gelejek ?
Arm. Yerp bidi ka ?
Kurd. Kange de'et ?
Syriac. Iman bed'athe ?
At what o'clock ?
Arabic. Ai sa'ah ?
Persian. Chi waqt ?
Turkish. Sa'at qachda ?
Arm. Vor zhamin ? zham
qaniin ?
Kurd. Chi sa'at ?
hyriac. B-aima sa'ah ?

It is late.
3. The Road
Where does this road go ? Is it safe on the road ?
Arabic. Ed-darb hadha yuwaddi Arabic. Et-tariq amin ?

li-wen. Persian. Dar in rah amniyat as
Persian. In rah kuja mi-ravad ? Turkish. Yol qorqusuzmu dur ?
Turkish. Bu yol nereye gider ? Arm. Jampan artioq abahov
Arm. Our janpan
g'erta ays ? e?
Kurd. Av kudare tchet ?
ria Kurd. Av re amina ?
Laika kiza adh urkha ? Syriac. Gallo urkha aminila ?

Syriac,
How many —?
Does this road lead to —? hours is it to
—
— Arabic. Kam sa'ah ila ?
Arabic. Hed-darb bewaddi li
— ?
Persian. Chand sa'at-ast bi — ?
Persian. In rah bi mi-ravad ?
— Turkish. — e qach sa'atleq y
Turkish. Bu yol e gider-mi ? var ?
Ann. Ays jampan artioq Arm. Qani zham e minchev —
— ?
Kurd. Chand sa'at haya la —
Kurd.
g'erta
Av ria tchet la ? — Kma sa'e ith ta — ?
Syriac. Gallo kiza adh urkha 1 — ?
Syriac.
Take me to — .
Which road leads to —? Arabic. Waddi-ni ila —

—
.
Arabic. Ya darb bewaddi li — ? Persian. Mara bi bi bar.

—
Persian. Kudam rah bi — mi- Turkish. Beni e gotiir.
—
ravad Arm. Dareq intz minchev
Turkish.
?
— e hangi yol dan gitmeli Kurd. Nishamin bede la —
—
.
?
Arm. Vor janpan g'erta — ? Syriac. Naubelli 1 .
Kurd. Chi tchet

ria — la ?
Syriac. Aima iirkha kiza — 1 ?

Where is there drinking water on this roa(
Arabic. Wen el-moi lish-sherb

hadha 't-tariq ?
Which is the shortest way ?
Persian. Dar in rah ab-i-khu
Arabic. Ya darb a grab ? dani kujast ?
Persian. Kudam rah nazdik-tar Turkish. Bu yol-da ichilej^k i
ast ? nerede dir ?

Turkish. ]6n qissa yol hangisi dir ? Arm. Our khmelou chour {
Arm. Vorn e amenagarj jam- ays janpou vra ?

pan ? Kurd. Kane ave vakhwarei
Kurd. Chi rre neziktera ? bvi ria ?
Syriac. Aimaila urkha besh kii- Syriac. Aikailai maya de-shta^
tha? b-adh urkha ?
Is it a camel road ? Is it only fit for men on foot ?

Arabic. Et-tariq muwafiq lij- Arabic. Hua faqat muwafiq lil-
jimal ? mesbi ?
Persian. Rah-i-shutur ast ? Persian. Faqat az barayi piya-
Turkish. Deve yolu-mi dir ?
dagan khubast ?
Arm. Oiighdi jampa e artiog ? Turkish. Yaliniz yayan giden-
Kurd. Av ria bo heshter basha ? lere eyi-mi dir ?
„ Syriac Kkhaskha adh urkba ta Ar7n. Mithe miayn liediodn
I gumle ? martots harmar e ?
Is it only a mule road ? Kurd. Av re bas paya ra ?
- Arabic. Hua Syriac. Gallo bas kkhashkha ta

faqat lil-baghaL?
nashe rakhasbe
Persian. Faqat az barayi qatirba ?
khubast ?
Turkish. Yaliniz qatir yolu-mi dir ?

Arm. Miayn chorii jampa e
artioq ?
Kurd. Av ria bas bo besterana ?
Syriac. Gallo urkba d-kawedhnela

ubass ?
4. A Village or Town
What is this place called ? Where is the post ?
Arabic. Shismii hadha'l-makan ?
Arabic. Wen el-postakhanah ?
Persian. Bi inja chi mi-guyand ?
Persian. Post khaneh kujast ?
or Inja chi nam darad ?
Turkish. Postakhane nerede dir ?
Turkish. Bvl yerin ismi ne dir ? Arm. Our e namagadounn ?
Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays Kurd. Postakbanah laku da-
deghn ? reya ?
Kurd. Nave av *ard cbia ? Aikaila postakbanah ?
Syriac.
Syriac. Mile shimma d-adh duk-
tha?
How many houses in this village ?

Show me the telegraph office.
Arabic. Kam bet fil-beled ? Arabic. Dull-ni 'ala 't-telegraf-

Persian. Dar in deh chand khaneh khanah.
darad ? Persian. Teleghraf-khane-ra
Turkish. Bu koide qach ev var ? bi-man nishan bi-dihid.
Arm. Qani doun ga ays kiughin Turkish. Bana teleghraf-khaneyi
mech ? goster.
Kurd. Chand mal haya lavi Arm. Our e herrakradounn.
gund ? Kurd. Teleghraf khanah nisha-

K-ma bate ith b-adh ma- min beda.
tha? Syriac. Makhzeli teleghraf khana.
Is there a telephone ofiQce here ? Where is the inn ?
Arabic. Aku mahall talfun hina ? Arabic. Wen el-Khan ?

Persian. Inja telefun darad ? Persian. Khan (karwansarai,
Turkish. Burda telefon merkezi chaparkhaneh) kujast?
var mi ? Turkish. Khan nerede dir ?
Arm. Hos herratzayn ga Arm. Our e otevann ?
artioq? Kurd. Khan lakudareya ?

Kurd. Telefon khanah lahara Syriac. Aikaila khan ?
haya V
_ We are going to stay the night here.
Syriac. Ith akha dukthat tele-
fon ? Arabic. Inbat el-lelah hina.
Persian. Imshab Inja mi-manim.
Turkish. Biz geje burda dura-
jayiz.
Arm. Kishern hos bidi mnanq.
Kurd. Av shav am lahera debim.
Syriac. Bdamkhokh akha idlaile.
5. At a River
What is this river called ? Where is the nearest bridge?
Arabic. Shism hel-shatt ? Arabic. Wen agrab jisr ?
Persian. In rud-khaneh chi nam Persian. Kudam pul nazdiktar-
darad ? ast?
Turkish. Bu irmaghen ismi ne Turkish, fin vaqen koprii nerede
dir? dir"?
Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays Arm. Our e amenamod gam-
kedn ? ourchf ?
Kurd. Nave av av chia ? Kurd. Nezikter prr laku da-

Syriac. Mile shimma d-adh reya ?
nehra ? Syriac. Aikaile gishra au bish

qariwa ?
How deep is the river?
Arabic. Shqad ghumq esh-shatt ?
Persian. Rud-khane^ chi-qadar Take me there.
'amiq-ast ? Arabic. Waddi-m li-hinak.

Turkish. Siine qadar derin dir ? Persian. Mara anja bi-bar.
Arm. Vorchapkhore ays kedn? Turkish. Beni oraya gotiir.
Kurd. Vi av chand kiira or Arm. Hon dareq zis..
'amiqa. Kurd. La au dare nishamin
Syriac. Kmaile 'amuqa adh beda.
nehra ?
Syriac, Naubelli 1-tama.
Show me the nearest ferry. Where is the easiest place to swim across?
Wen Arabic. Wen es-bal makan lis-

Arabic. agrab mu'eber.
sabahah.
Persian. Guzar-gahi ki nazdiktar mi-tawanam bi-
bashad bi-man nishan Persian. Kuja
asani bi-shinavari bi-
bi-dih.
?
Turkish. Bana en yaqin gechid- guzaram
Turkish. bir tarafa yiizerek
yerini goster.
Arm. Tsuyts dveq intz amen- gitmek ichin en qolai
amod kedantsn. yer nerede dir ?
Kurd. 'Arde nezikter bo darbaz Arm. Oure amenalieshd vayrn
nishamin beda. loghalou antin ?

Aikaila duktha de-psa'a
Kurd. Chi 'aid asantira ta am
Syriac.
ai besh qaruta. bmalavanye darbaz kin ?
Syriac. Aimaila duktha ai besh
sanahi tad sakhokh upa-
Get hold of a boat (canoe). sokh ?
Arabic. Jib-li bell 6m. Take us across.
Persian. Kasbti paida kun. Arabic. .Qatti'ena.

Turkish. Bir qayiq bul. Persian. Mara bi-an taraf bi-barid.
Arm. Mi navag kdeq. Turkish. Bizi qarshiya gechir.
Kurd. Garni paida beka. Arm. Antin dareq mez.
Syriac. Khzi kha qayegh. Kurd. Ma darbaz bika.
Syriac. Mapsilan.
You will be rewarded.
Is there a raft here?
Arabic. Minkefik.
Arabic. Aku kelek hina ? Persian. In' am khahim dad.
Persian. Kalak inja paida mi- Turkish. Bakhshish vei^jeyiz.
shavad ? Arm. G'vartzadrenq tzez.
Turkish. Burda sal var mi ? Kurd. Ame teshtak din ta.
Arm. Hos lasd ga artioq ? Syriac. Bed yawekhlokh kha
Kurd. Kalak lahera haya ? mindi.
Syriac. Gallo ith kalak akha ?
You must go in front of me.
Arabic. Lazim temshi guddami.
Persian. Bayad jilau-i-man bi-
Is the current strong ?
ravid.
Arabic. El-moi terkodh qawi ? Turkish. Ileri gitmelisin.
Persian. Ab tund mi-ravad ? Arm. Arrcheves yertalou eq.
Turkish. Aqinti choq var mi ? Kurd. Lazima tu peshemin
Arm. Mithe hosanqn zoravor e? deche.
Kurd. Av zakhma ?
Syriac. K-lazim d-zalokh qamaya
Syriac. Gallo maya zarbanelai ? minni.
What lies on the other side ? Is it far to the mouth ?
Arabic. Esh-fi *ala hedhak e§- Arabic. Esh qadr li-sadr esi
sob? shatt ?
Persian. Chi ja (place) or shahr Persian. Az inja ta anja ki dai
(city) dar an taraf ast ? darya mi-rizad dur-asti
Turlcish. Ute tarafda ne var ? Turkish. Chai aghzi uzaq-mi dir ]
Arm. Inch degh e timatsi Arm. Kedaperann herrou e

goghmn ?
artioq ?
Kurd. Lave tarafe chi haya ? Kurd. Zh-hara hatta vi av dchet
Syriac. Ma ith lau bala khinna ? bahre dura ?
Syriac. Gallo rahuqtaila urkha
min akha hul d-'awii
a dh nehra 1-yama ?
6. A Mountain or Hill
What is this big mountain called ? What is way up the hill ?

the easiest
Arabic. Shism 'I-jebel (el-kabir) ? Arabic. Ya darb as-hal lit-tell ?
Persian. In kuh-i-buzurg chi mi- Persian. Bi-kudam rah bi-asani
guyand ? mi-tuwan bi-qulle-yi-an
Turkish. Bu biiyiik daghin ismi kuh rasid ?
ne dir ? Turkish. Yuqariya en qolai yoi
Arm. Inchbes g'gochvi ays hangisi dir ?
medz lerrn ? Arm. Vorn e amenaheshd jam-
Kurd. Nave VI chia mazin chia ? pan tebi plourn ?
Syriac, Mile shimma d-adh \Vit2i. Kurd. Chi re asantira lasare vi
raba ? chia?
Syriac. Aimaila urkha ai besh
sanahi tad asqokh 1-adh
•tura?
How high is the mountain ?
Arabic. Esh 'elu ej-jebel ?

Persian. In kuh chi-qadar buland
ast? Is it very steep ?
Turkish Dagh ne qadar yiiksek Arabic. TaPet-hu qawiyeh ?
dir? Persian. Khaili sar-a-balast ?
Arm. Vorchap partzr e aya Turkish. Pek dik mi dir ?
lerrn ? Arm. Shad zarriver e artioq ?
Kurd. Vi chia chand bilinda ? Kurd. Galak zahmata ?
Syriac. Kmaile rama adh tura ? Syriac. Gallo kabira 'asqaile ?
n
Yes, but they cannot be got down on the

Is it dangerous ?
other side.
Arabic. Hua mukhtir ?
Persian. Khatar-nak ast ?
Arabic. Na'am, lakin miish mum-
kin tanzU-hum min tarf
Turkish. Qorqulu mu dir ?
* eth-tham.
Arm. Vdankavor e artioq ?
Kurd, Khatar teda haya ? Persian. Bali, amma az an taraf

Gallo mar darak ile ?
nami -
shavad pa'in
Syriac.
avardan.
Turkish, ifiwet, amma ote tarafda
indirilcmez.
Arm. Ayo, payts che gareli
zanonq var ichetsnel
mius goghmn.
Can one get up on horseback 9 Kurd. Hare, amma am nikarin
Arabic. Mumkin el-wahid yutla' laav terefe wan lakh-
rakib ? war bestinin.
Persian. Suwar mi-shavad raft ? Syriac. Na'm, ilia laiban d-man-
Turkish At-ile chikila bilirmi ?
. khthukhlai man bala
Arm. Tziov artioq gareli e ver kbenna.
elnel ?
Kurd. Am tkarin becHm lasar

beswari ? Are there several ways down ?
Syriac. Gallo iban asqokh b-raka- Arabic. Aku jimlat nazlat ?
wiitha ? Persian. Aya, chand rah bi-pa'In
darad ?
Turkish. Ashaghiya bir qach
yol var mi ?
Arm. Artioq shad jampane*
gan tebi var ?
Kurd. Galak ria haya Ivere ?
Can the guns be got up ?
Syriac. Gallo ith kabire urkhatha
Arabic. Mumkin e^-tawap tetla' ? linkhatha ?
Persian. Tup-ha-ra mi-shavad
anja burd ?
Turkish. Toplar yuqariya cbikar- Are there any robbers about ?
ila bilirmi ?
Arm. Artioq gareli e tntanot-
nern ver hanel ?
Kurd. Am dikarin topa lasar
belinin ?
Syriac. Gallo iban d-masqokh to-
patha ?
524: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
7. A Forest
How big is the forest ? Can mounted troops get through the forest ?
Arabic. Esh kubr el-ghab (ez- Arabic. Mumkin lil-khaiyalah
zor) ?
ta'bur el-gbab (ez-z6r) ?
Persian. In bisheh {or jangal) chi- Persian. Qushun-i-suwar mi-ta-
qadar buzurg-ast ? wanad az bisbeb bi-
Turkish. Orman ne qadar biiviik
guzarad ?
dir? Turkish. Ormandan siivari
Arm. geche-
Andarrn vorchap medz bilirmi ?
e? Arm. Hedzelazorq grna artioq
Kurd. Av ghabab chand mazina? antsnel andarri mechen?
Syriac. Kmaila rabtba adh Kurd. Dikarin suwari dechin
ghaba ? niva vi gbabab ?
Syriac. Ibai rakawe pasi b-adb
ghaba ?
Eow wide is it ?
Arabic. Esb 'ardb-hu ?

Persian. Pahnash clii-qadar
buzurg-ast ?
Turkish. Ne qadar genish dir ?
Arm. I
Vorchap layn e ?
Kurd. Yes, but I don't think one can get through
Pehnewi {or ferrahewi) with the guns.
chanda ?
Syriac. Kmaila petbyutbab ? Arabic. Na'am, lakin ma azunn
et tawap tafut.
Persian. Bali, amma guman nami
Where does the road go through the forest ?
-kunamki tup bi-ravad.
Turkish, '^vvet, faqat zann etmem
Arabic. Wen aku darb bil-gbab ki top il6 gechiJebilir.
(biz-zor) ? Arm. Ayo, payts chem gardzer
Persian. In rah ki az jangal mi- e tntanotnerov
gareli
guzarad kuja mi-ravad? antznel mechen.
Turkish. Bu orraandan gechen vol Kurd. Hare, amma topa nikarin
nereye gider ?
bechin.
Arm. Our g'erta jampan an- ilia la kzainin to-
Syriac. Na'm,
darri mecben ?
patha ibai d'auri.
Kurd. Ee bvi gbabab laku dare-
ya?
Syriac. Aikaila urkba b-adb gba-
ba?
I
8. Railway Station
Is it far to the railway ? Where is the next train eoming from ?
Arabic. Esh bu'ed es-sikkah ? Arabic. Min en yaji el-qitar

eth-thani ?
Persian. Aya, bi-rah-i-ahan dur-
ast ? Persian. Qitar az kuja mi-ayad ?
Turkish. Demir yoluna Turkish. bir tren neieden gelir ?

uzaq-mi
dir? Arm. Oiisti gu'ka bachoit
Arm. Yergatoughin artioq her- knatsqn ?
rou e ? Kurd. Papor zhku dare deet ?
Kurd. Ria papore chand dura ? Syriac. Min aika bed athya ma-
Kmaila rahuqta urkha shina ?
Syriac.
di-prizla ? Stop the train.
• Arabic. Waggif el-qitar.
an hour. Persian. Qitar-ra istadeh kun.
Only half
Turkish. Treni durdur.
Arabic. Nuss sa'ah faqat.
Arm. Knatsqn getsoutseq.
Persian. Nim sa'at rah-ast u bas.
Kurd. Papor besakkina.
Turkish. Salt yarim sa'at dir.
Syriac. Mahmella mashina.
Arm. Miayn ges zham.
Kurd. Niv sa'at ubas. Get me a porter.
Arabic. Jib-li hammal.
Syriac, Paige d-sa'ah bas.
Persian. Hammali paida kun.
Turkish. Ban a bir hammal getir.
When does the train arrive ?
Arm. Perrnagir jareq.
Arabic. Yimta yosal el-qitar ? Kurd. Hammalak bomin paida
Persian. Qitar kai mi-rasad ? beka.
Turkish. Tren no zeman gelir ? Maitheli kha hammala.
Syriac.
Arm. Yerp knatsqn g'hasni ? What is the fare ?
Kurd. Ria papore kange deet ?
Arabic. Besh yiswa en-nol ?
Syriac. Iman bed athya ma-
Persian. Chand bayad bi-diham ?
skina ?
Turkish. Yol parasi ne qadar dir ?
Ann. Vorqan e janabarha-

When does the train go to —? dzakhqn ?
Arabic. Yimta yusafir
Kurd. Chand haq az bedem ?
el-qiâr
ila— ? Syriac. K-ma time yawin ?
Persian. Qitar bi —
kai mi-ravad ? Where is my luggage ?
Turkish. Tren e ne — zeman Arabic. Wen aghradhi ?
gider ? Persian. Asbab-i-man kujast ?
Arm. Yerp knatsqn g'megni ? Turkish. !^shyam nerede dir ?
Kurd. Papor kange dechet la ? — Arm. Our e ireghens ?
Syriac. Iman bedzala mashina Kurd. Asbabemin lakii darena ?
1 — ? Syriac. Aikailai sababi ?
9. Inquiries about Troops

Have you seen our troops ? What sort of how many are they ?
troops and
Arabic. Sliuft 'asakir-na ? Arabic. Esh shikel asker wa kam
Persian. Qushun-i-mara dida-id ? wahid ?
Turkish. 'Askerimizi gordiiniiz- Persian. Chi jiir qushiin, u cliand
mil ? nafar ?
Arm. Desaq artioq mer zor- Turkish. Ne durlu 'asker dir, ve
qern ? 'adde ne qadar ?
Kurd. 'Askarama ta dit ? Arm. Inch desag zorqer yev
Syriac. Gallo khzelokh 'askar di- qani had yen ?
yan? Kurd.
'
Chi tov 'askarin u chan-
din?
Syriac. Ma tukhma d-'askarilai
Do you know where the troops are ? wukmaile minianaihi ?
Arabic. Ta'raf wen

el-'asker ?
Persian. Mi-danid ki qushun ku- Five thousand, with cavalry and guns.
jast ?
Arabic. Khamsat alaf ma' '1-khai-
Turkish. *Askerin nerede oldii-
yalah wat-tawap.
ghunu bilirmisiniz ?
Persian. Panj hazar, ba suwar ii
Arm. Kideq artioq our yen tup.
mer zorqern ? Turkish. Besh bin var, siivari ile
Kurd. Tu tzani 'askar laku da-
toplar.
reya ? Arin. Hink hazar, hedzelazor-
Syriac. Gallo yadh-et aikaila *as-
qov yev tntanotnerov.
kar? Kurd. Penj hazar suwar ii
topa.
Syriac. Khamsha alpe 'immed
Yes, I saw them by the wood. swariye iitopatha.
Arabic, Na'am, shufthum garib
How long have they been there ? i
el-ghab (ez-z6r).
Persian. Bali, an-ha-ra dam-i- Arabic. Kam yom baqa lahum
bishek didam. hinak ?
Turkish. Evvet, ormanin yaninda Persian. Az chi waqt anja biideh-

gordiim. and ?
Arm. Ayo, andarri mod desa Turkish. Ne vaqit-dan-beri orada

zanonq. dirler ?
Kurd. Hare, ma awan dit ne- Arm. Yerpen i ver hon yen ?
zike vi ghabah. Kurd. Zhchi wakht wan lav
Syriac. Na*m kemkhazennai qor- darena ?
ba d-adb ghaba. Syriac. Min imanilai tama ?
In which direction have they marched ? Take me to the Colonel.
Arabic. Min e tarf rahu ? Arabic. Waddi-ni ila '1-miraIai.
Persian. Bi-kudam taraf rawaneh Persian. Mara pish-i-sartip bi-
shudeh-and ?
bar.
Turkish. Hangi jihete hareket Turkish. Beui miralaya gotiir.

etdiler ?
Arm. Dareq zis kndabedin.
Arm. Vor goghm ?

Kurd. Peshe miralai miu be-
qaletsin
Lachi taraf e choyen ? birra.
Kurd.
Gallo sub aima t^raf Syriac. Naubelli 1-gebe d-miralai.
Syriac.
zellai ? I have a letter from our General.
Arabic. 'Andi maktub min mu-
sbir-na,
Persian. Kaghazi daram az sardar.
Turkish. Qomandanimizdan bende
Where is an officer ?
birmektub var.
Arabic. Wen edh-dhabit ? Arm. Namag ounim mer zora-
Persian. Sahib-mansabi kujast ? beden.
Turkish. Zabit nerede dir ? Kurd. Kaghazak zbsar'aska-
Arm. Our ga mi sba ? rema lagal min haya.
Kurd. Zabit laku dareya ? Syriac. Ith 'immi kha kthawa
Syriac. Aikaile zabit ? min sar'askar diyan.
10. Food and Drink
I am hungry, I wish to eat. I am thirsty, I wish to drink.

Arabic. Ana jo 'an, arid sbe Arabic. Ana 'atsban, arid-li she
a'kul. ishrab.
Persian. Gurasneb-am,mi-khaham Persian. Tishneb-am, mi-kbaham
bi-kburam. bi-nusham.
Turkish. Qarnim ach, yeyejek bir Turkish. Susuzim, su ichmek iste-
sbei isterim. rim.
Arm. Anotiyem,oudelg'ouzem. Arm. Dzaravi yem, khmel
Kurd. Az bersima, ma tishtak g'ouzem.
tvet. Kurd. Az tehnim, vakhwarine
Syriac. KpTnaiwin, kibain d-akh- ma tvet.
lin. Syriac. Sihyaiwin, kibain d-sliatin .
528 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS I
Where can 1
Bring bread and cheese. I am going to pay for it.
Arabic. Jib-lena khubz wa-jiben. Arabic. Ba'tiq haqqek.

Persian. Nan u panir bi-yar. Persian. Pul-i-an-ra mi-khaham
Turkish, l^kmek ile penir getir. bi-dibam.
Arm. Peretseq hats yev banir ? Turkish. Parasini ver^jeyim.
Kurd. Nan u penir bo ma bina. Arm. Bidi vjarem ador hamar
Syriac. Maithelan likhma ugupt a . Kurd. Az haqqewi bidem.
Syriac. Bidyawin haq dlye.
Bring us the bill.

Bring us coffee with milk.
Arabic. Jib-lena el-hisab,
Arabic. Jib-lena qahwah bi-halib.
Persian. Hisab-ra bi-yar.
Persian. Qahweh ba shir-i-gau bi-
Turkish. Bize hisab getir.
yar. Arm. Peretseq hashivn,
Turkish. Bize siitlu qahve getir.
Kurd. Hisabema bina.
Arm. Gathov sourj peretseq Makhzelan hisab diyan.
Syriac.
mez.
Kurd. Qahwa u shir boma bina
Syriac. Maithe Ian qahwa u

khelya. How much do we owe ?
Arabic. Esh tela' 'alena ?

Persian. Chand bayad bi-dihim ?
Turkish. Borjumuz ne qadar ?

Arm, Vorqan g'bardinq tzez ?
Hurry up, we haven*t much time.

Kurd. Haqqeta chanda ?
Syriac. Kmaile haq diyokh ?
Arabic. Ista'jil, ma
'andna waqt.
Persian. Zud bash, khaili waqt na-
darim.
Turkish. Chabuk How much does this cost ?
ol, choq vaqi-
timiz yoq. Arabic. Besh yiswa hadha ?
Arm. Shdabetseq, shad zham- Persian, In chand mi-arzad ?
anaq ch'ounenq. Turkish. Bunun fi'ati ne dir ?
Kurd. Lazi bika, wakht ma Arm. Ays vorqan arzhe ?
nina. Kurd. Haq avi chanda ?
Syriac. Qalula, lattan 'iddana. Syriac. Mile timed adhi ?
Ll
11. Billets, Lodging and Stabling

I want quarters for 50 men. Where is the owner of the house ?
Arabic. Arid makan li-khatir Arabic. Wen §ahib el-bet ?
khamsin nefer. Persian. Sahib-i-inkhaneh kujast'i
Persian. Az
barayi pan j ah adam Turkish. Ev sahibi nerede ?
manzil mi-khaham. Arm. Our e ays dan dern ?
Turkish. Elli nefer ichun yer Kurd. Khudane vi mal laku
isterim. ?
dareya
Arm. Hisoun marti hamar Syriac. Aikaile mare d-adh bai-
degh g'ouzem. tha?
Kurd. Az 'ard dikhwazim bo
penji zalam.
Syriac. Kibain duktha ta kham-
shi nashe.
Light the fire, please.
Give me better quarters. Arabic. Ish'al en-nar.

Persian. Lutfan atash-ra biafruz.
Arabic. A'tini makan ahsan. Turkish. Kerem et, ateshi yaq.
Persian. Manzili bihtar az in bi-
Arm. Hajetseg gragn varrel.
man bi-dih.
Kurd. Bkarameta, agir bika.
Turkish. Bana bundan eyi bir yer
ver.
Syriac. Kmarjin minnokh, ewodh
nura.
Arm. Aveli lav degh dveq intz.
Kurd. 'Aid khwashter bo min
i
beda.
Syriac. Halli duktha besh tauta.
I want stabling for 16 horses.
Arabic. YUzam-li makan khatir

Have you found me quarters yet ? zerabat li-sitt 'ash hisan.
Arabic. Has§alt-]i makan ? Persian. Az
barayi shunzdeh asp
Persian. Manzili az barayi man tawileh mi-khaham.
haniiz paida kardeh-id ? Turkish. On alti at ichun akhur
Turkish. Bizim ichun yer daha isterim.
buldun mu ? Arm. Dasnvets tzii hamar
Arm. Intz hamar degh kdaq akhorr g'ouzem.
the voch ? Kurd. 'Ard bo shazda asp dikh -
Kurd. Ta 'ard bomapaida keri ? wazim.
Syriac. Gallo khzelokh duktha Syriac. Kibin duktha ta 'ishtasar
tali ? suse.
Thanks, we want nothing more, Clear those houses ; we are going to

quarter our men in them.
Arabic. Mimnumn, ma nerid gher
she. Arabic. Farrigh el-buyut ; nerid
Persian. Lutf-i-shuma ziyad,digar nunezzil rijalna fiha.
chizi lazim nadarim. Persian. An khane-ha-ra khall
Turkish. Teshekkurederim,bashqa kun ;
ml-khahim
bir shei istemeyiz. adam-ha-yi kbud-ra
Arm. Shnorhagaloutiun, aveli anja manzil bi-dihim.
ouzer, Turkish. Shu evlerden ehaliyi
pan chenq
Kurd. Shukur, lateshtak di chiqar, neferatimizi ora-
da oturtajaghiz.
hauja nina.
Arm. Maqretseq ayt dounern,
Syriac. Shakrinnokhjaksanqokh
l-mindi khenna. anonts mech bidi
deghavorenq mer mar-
tiqn.
Kurd. Van mala khali bika, ame
merekhwa lavedare dai-
Tell all people not to be afraid. nin.
Arabic. Qui lin-nas la yakhafu. Syriac. Msapqu an bate, bed-

Persian. Bi-mardum bi-gu na- matwokh nashan b-ga-
waihi.
tarsand.
Turkish. Bitiin ehaliya soile qorq-
mazsinlar.
Arm. Amen martots aseq vor
ch'vaklman.
Kurd. Bo hammu kbalq khabar
bida natersin.
Syriac. Makhber kullai nashe d-la
Is there smallpox in this village ?
zadi.
Arabic. Aku jidrl fil-beled ?
Persian. Dar in deh abileh da-
rad?
Turkish. Bii koide chichek khasta-
Where is there some clean water ?
lighi var mi ?
Arabic. Aku moi nedhif? Arm. Dzaghgakhd ga artioq
Persian. Ab-i-pak kujast ?
ays kiughi mech ?
Turkish. Temiz su nerede bulunur? Kurd. Awlek [or khuri) lav-
Arm. Our ga maqour chour ? gund haya ?
Kurd. Laku dare av khwash Syriac. Gallo ith shalqo {or
haya ? shikhna) b-adh
Syriac. Aika ith maya rande ? tha?
l12
Tell me the house where there are sick men. Is it feverish here ?
Arabic. Akhbir- iii wen el-hosh el- Arabic. Aku sakhuneh fil-makan
ledbi aku mardha. hadha ?
Persian. Mara an khane-ra nishan Persian. Inja tab darad ?
deh ki-mardum-i-na- Turkish. Burasi sitmali mi dir ?
khiish dar anja ha- Arm. Artioq chermod degh e

stand. bos?
Turhish, Ichinde khasta bulunan Kurd. Ta labera baya ?
evi bana
goster. Syriac. Gallo ith sbatba b-adb
Arm. Asatseq intz ayn doun'n duktha ?
our hivant martiq

gan.
Kurd. *Arde nasakha nisbamin
beda. Is it healthy here ? |
Syriac. Makhzeli duktha d-ith ba
kribe.
Arabic. Ha wa bel-makan tayyib ?
Persian. Inja salim-ast ?
Turkish. Buranin bavasi eyi-
mi dir ?
Arm. Artioq arrogbcb degh a

bos?
Kurd. Baye vi ard kbwasba ?
Syriac. Gallo manakb d-adh duk-
tha randaile ?
12. Strang-ers or Suspects
Stop ! or I shall shoot. Don^t move from the spot.
Arabic. wa-illa idhrabek Arabic. La tataharrak min

Ogaf,
bi-rasas. makanek.
Persian. Bi-ist, wa-illa tir mi- Persian. Az anja ki ha^ti ârakat
andazam. na-kun.
Turkish. Dur yoqsa ! atesh Turkish. Oradan qimildanma.
ederim, Arm. Mi sharzhir deghed
Arm» Getseq! yethe vochg'zar- {sing.), ch'sharzhiq deg-
nem. herned {fl.).
Kurd, Rawusta {or bisakkina)
! Kurd. Zhvedare nacha.
yan az ta kuzbim. Syriac. La mharkit min duk-
Hmol ! ilia bedmakbin. thokb.
Syriac.
Stand a little farther off.
Arabic. Ogaf shweyah ab'ad.

Persian. Qadri durtar bi-ist.
Turkish. Bir az daha uzaqda dur.
Arm. Poqr incli aveli herroun
getseq.
Kurd. Durter bisakkina.
Syriac. Hmol besh rahuqa.
Come closer.
Arabic. Tal (ta'al) shweya agrab.

Persian. Nazdiktar biya.
Turkish. Daha yaqin gel.
Arm. Aveli mod yegeq.
Kurd. Nezlkter wara.
Syriac. Hayyo besh qariwa.
Arabic.
You are a spy !
Where are you wounded ? Sit down, lie down.
Arabic. Wen jurhek ? Arabic. Aq'ad (p^. uq'udu).

Persian. Zakhm-at kujast ?
Persian. Bi-nishin, bi-khab.
Turkish. Nerede yaralisin ?
Turkish. Otur, yat.
Arm. Vor deghen viravorvadz Arm. Nsdetseq, barrgetseq.
eq?
Kurd. Runa, rahat bistina or
Brineta laku dareya draizh biba.
Kurd. ?
Aikaiwet jriha ? Syriac. Itu, irokh.

Syriac.
Undress yourself.
Arabic. Ishlah hudumek.
In the knee, Uie foot. Rakht-i-khud-ra bi-kan
Persian.
Arabic. Bi-rukbati, bi-rijfli. or lukht shau.
Persian. Dar zanu, dar pa. Turkish. Soyun.
Turkish. Dizimden, ayaghimdan. Arm. Hanvetseq.
Arm. Dzoimges, vodqes. Kurd. Jilketa beshalina,
Kurd. La zhnii {or la zarani), la Syriac. Shl5kh jullokh.
pe.
Syriac. Bgo birka, bgo aqla. Give me water.
Arabic. A'tini moi.
Persian. Ab
bi-dih.^
Keep quiet. Turkish. Bana su ver.
Arm. Chour dveq intz.
Arabic. Iskut (don't talk), la
Kurd. Av bida min.
_tatah.arrak {don't move). Halli may a.
Persian. Asudeh bash. Syriac.
Turkish. Qimildanma.
Here is Water and brandy.
Arm. Hantard getseq.
Kurd. Nakheva {don't talk),
Arabic. Hadha moi wa-kunyak.
harakat naka Persian. Inak, ab u konyak.
{don't
move).
Turkish. Ishte sana su ile qonyaq.
Arm. Aha chour yev coniac.
Syriac. Shtoq {don't talk), la
mârkit {don't move). Kurd. Ava av ukonyak.
Syriac. Ha maya u konyak.
Give me a bandage.
You mustn't speak. Arabic. A'tini rabatah.
Arabic. La tehaki. Persian, 'lsabe-3^ bi-man bi-dih.
Persian. Na-bayad harf bi-zanid. Turkish. Bana bir yara sarghisi
Turkish. Laqirdi etmemelisin. ver.
Arm. Bedq che khosiq. Arm. Viragab dveq intz.
Kurd. Nakheva. Kurd. Pat a b5 min bma.
La mahkit. Syriac. Halli khdha pasta.
Syriac.
Help me with the bandaging. Take this medicine.
Arabic. Sa'id-ni bir-rabatah. Arabic. Khod islirab ed-dawa.

Persian. Dar 'iâbeh bastan mara Persian. In darii-ra bi-khur.
yawari kun. Turkish. Shu 'ilaii ich.
Turkish. Bana sarghiyi sarmaqda Arm. Arreg ays teghn,
yardim et. Kurd. Vi darman bestina.
Arm. Oknetseq intz viraga- Syriac. Shqol adh darmana.
poutiamp.
Kurd. Lasliadandine haremin
wara.
Syriac. 'Onni b-xsara.
Goto the Doctor and teli him to come at

once. Take this man to hospital.
Arabic. Ruli lil-liakim wa-qul- Arabic. Waddi her-rijal lil-khas-

luh yiji bil-'ajel. takhanah.
Persian. Hakim-ra bi-gu zud bi- Persian. In mard-ra bi maiiz-
yayad. khaneh bi-bar.
Turkish. Hekime git soile ki Turkish. Bii nef eri khasta-khaney e
shimdi buraya gelsin. gotiir.
Arm. Knatseq pzhishgin yev Ann. Hivanlanots dareg ays
asatseq anmichabes ka. martn.
Kurd. Harra nik hakim ubezha Kurd. Vi mer lakhastakhana
bowl da zu et. biberra.
Syriac. Si 1-gebe d -hakim umore Syriac. Naubil adh nasha Ikhas-
d-athe qalula. takhana.
14. General Phrases
Good night, madam. Good morning, madam.

Arabic. M-Allah bi-kher ya sitt.
Persian. Shab-i-shuma bi-khair,
khanam.
Turkish. Gejeniz khair olsun,
hanem effendi.
Arm. Pari kisher, digin.
Kurd.
Syriac. Push b-shayna khanam.
G:od morning, Sir. Speak slowly.

Arabic. Sabah m- Allah bi-kli6r, Arabic. Ehki yawash.
efiendi. Persian. Yawash harf zan.
Persian. Subh-i-shuma bi-khair. Turkish. Yavash soile.
Tjurkish. Sabaliiniz khair olsun, Arm. Gamats khosetseq.
efiendim. Kurd. Yawash bakheva.
Arm. Pari luys, baron. Syriac. Mahki b-nikhutha.
Kurd. Subahi bkhair !
Shlama lukh effendi. There is a fire.

Syriac.
Arabic. Aku nar.
How are you? Persian.. Atash darad.
Arabic. Shlon kefek ? Turkish. Atesh var burda.
Persian. Ahwal-i-shuma chi taur- Arm. Grag ga,
ast? Kurd. Agir haya.
^
Turkish. Nasi siniz ? Syriac. Ith nura.

Arm. Inchbes eq ?
Kurd. Kaifata chawaya ? Impossible.
Syriac. Dekb iwet ? Arabic. Mu mumkin.

Persian. Muhal, ghair-i-mumkin.
I am sorry. Turkish. Olmaz.
Arabic. Ana mute'essif. Arm. Angareli.
Persian. Afsus mi-khuram. Kurd. Na mumkina {or nabit).
Turkish. Yaziq. Syriac. Ghair mumkin {or la
Arm. . G'tsavim. baraya).
Kurd. Az kbaminim.
Kimasfin. Please come in ;sit down !
Syriac.
Arabic. Tafadhdhal udkhui
What is the news ?
uq'ud !
Arabic. Esh el-khabr ? Persian. Bi-farma'id; bi-nishinidt

Persian. Chi khabar-ast ? Turkish. Buyurun oturun ;
!
Turkish. Ne khaber var ? Arm. Hajetseq ners nsdetseq! ;
Arm. Inch lour ga ? Kurd. Wara ;

runa !
Kurd. Chi khabar haya ? Syriac. Tafa dhdh al hayyo ;

itu !
Syriac. Ma khabra ith ?

God grant it !
Do you know English ? Arabic. In sha Allah !
Arabic. Ta'rif anglezi ? Persian. Khuda kunad! In

Persian. Inglisi-ra mi-danid ? sha'llah !
Turkish. Ingilizje bilirmisiniz ? Turkish, Inshallah !
Ann Anglieren kideq ? Arm. Asdvadz da ! Amen !
Kurd. Tu inglisi zani ? Kurd. Khuzzi, ishallah !
Syriac. Gallo kyadh'et inglisi ? Syriac. Khuzzi, in sha allah !

It is true. Please.
Arabic. Tafadhdhal {SeeVocab.)
Arabic. Sahih.
Persian. Lutfan.
Persian. Rast ast.
Turkish. Kerem et.
Turkish. Dogliru dir.
Arm. Hajetseq, khntrem.
Arm. Jisht e.
Kurd. Bkhaireta.
Kurd. Rasta.
Syriac. Min fadh] diyokh.
Syriac. Tamam.
Thank you.
What are your wishes ?
Arabic. Mimnun or kethther
Arabic. Esh khatirek ? khairek.
Persian. Chi mi-khahid ? Persian. Iltifat-i-shuma ziyad.
Turkish. Ne istersiniz ? Turkish. Teshekkiir ederim.
Ar7n. Inch e tzer papakn ? Arm. tzez.
Shnorhagal yem
Kurd. Ta chi tvet {or dkhwazi) Kurd. Min zhta minata.
Syriac, Ma kibet ? Syriac. Minta minnokh {or
kshakrennokh).
Thank God ! I am well,
Arabic. El-hamdu lillah {or El- Do you understand ?

hamdillah), ana bi- Arabic. Tifham ?
kher !
Persian..Aya, fahmidi ?
Persian. Al-hamdu lillah, ahwal- Turkish. Anladin mi ?

am khiib-ast !
Arm. G' hasgnaq ?
Turkish. Al-hamdu lillah, eyi yim I Kurd. Tu fahm deki ?
Arm. Asdoudzo, lav Syriac. Gallo kfahmit ?
Parrq
yem
Kurd, Shukur lakhude, az sa- I don*t understand.
khim! Arabic. Ana ma iftahim.
Syriac. Kshakrin alaha, sakh Persian. Nami-fahmam.
iwin! Turkish. Anlamam.
Arm. Chem hasgnar,
You are welcome. Kurd. Az fahm nakim.
Arabic. Marhaba ;
ehlen wa-seh- Syriac. Lak fab min.
len.
Persian. Khush amadid. All right.
Turkish. Khosh geldiniz! Safa Arabic. Tayyib.

geldiniz ! Persian. Khaili khub.
Arm. Parov yegaq. Turkish. Pek 'ala, pek eyi.
Kurd, Marhaba tu khwash
1 Arm. Shad lav !
hati. Kurd. Chaka {or qanja).

Marhaba I
Syriac. Randa.
Syriac,
There is no news. Rain threatens.

Arabic. Maku khabr. Arabic. Ed-dunya mattarab.
Persia?i. Khabaii nist. Persian. Darad baran bi-barad.
Turkish. Khaber yoq. Turkish. Yaghmur yagbajaq gibi
Arm. Lour cb'ga. Arm. Antzrev g'sbarrna.
Kurd. Chu khabar nina. Kurd. Dunya barana.
Syriac. Laith chu khabra. Syriac. Dunye mitranithaila.
It is moonlight.
How do you know ?
Arabic. Shlon ta'rif ?
Arabic. Ed-dunya nur qamar.
Persian. Mahtab-ast.
Persian. Az kuja mi-danid ?
Turkish. Mahitab havasi var.
Turkish. Nasi bilirsiniz ?
Arm. Lousnga e, lousniag
Arm. Inchbes kideq ? inchen
kisher e.
kideq ? Kurd. E-ozbnahie haiva.
Kurd. Tu cbawa {or kusa) tzani ?
Syriac. Bebra d-seraile.
Syriac. Min aika kyadh-et ?
How old are you ?
It is false. Arabic. Kam senah 'umrak ?
Arabic. Mu sahih or kidhb. Persian. Chand salagi darid ?

Persian. Durugh-ast. Turkish. Qacb yasbinda sin ?
Turkish. Yalan dir. Arm. Qani daregan eq ?
Arm. Skhal e, soud e. Kurd. 'Umreta chanda ? {or ta
Kurd. Drawa. cband sal haya ?)
Syriac. Duglaile !
Syriac. Kmaile 'umr diyokb ?
I must go.
I am glad.
Arabic. Lazim aruh.
Arabic. El-hamdu lillah.
Persian. Bayad bi-rawam
Persian,. Khusb-am mi-yayad. Turkish. Gitmeliyim.
Turkish. Memnun um. bardim
Arm. Yertalou yem,
Ar7n. Ourakh yem, kob yem.
yertal.
Kurd. Az kbwashim. Lazima az dechem.
Kurd.
Syriac. P§ikbaiwin. Lazim ta d-zali.
Syriac.
Possible. Is he at home ?
Arabic. Mumkin. Arabic. Hiia bil-bet ?

Persian. Mumkin. Persian. Dar khane-ast ?
Turkish. Mumkin, olabilir. Turkish. J^vde mi dir ?

Arm. Gareli. Arm. Dann e artioq ?
Kurd. Mumkina {or dbit). Kurd. Au Imala ?
Syriac. Mumkin {or kbare). Syriac. B-go baitbailc ?

Who is it ?
Excuse me.
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
<^FP 1^ 1914
493771
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

Great Britain Admiralty. Vocabularies: English, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac. 1920.

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Great Britain Admiralty. Vocabularies: English, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish, Syriac. 1920.

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

I.D. 1121,.

Compiled hy the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence

PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.

37 Peter Street, Manchester ;

I can aqdir mi-tawanam bilirim, qadir

about (ap- nahu (of num- taqriban, ashaghi-yuqari

English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

Admiralty Dzovayin na-

afloat aledzoup, sar ave resh maya

age (of persons)dariq umr, smn shine

ally tashnagits, haval khaura

alone minag btene be-1-hodhe

alongside unt yergay- nezike b-qorba

armour dira' zireh zir^

army jesh {pi. ]u- lasbkar ordu, 'asker

arrange retteb, yuret- tartib dadan, qararlashdir-

thou askest inta tes'al mi-pursi sorarsin

you ask intu tes'alun mi-pursid sorarsiniz

I shall ask ana es'al khaham sorajaghm

at least aqallan aqallan olmazsa

authority hukm iqtidar hukm

autumn kharif khizan son bahar

awake {adj.) yaqdhan, bidar uyaniq

English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

astern i hedoust navi, la pashe b-kharayiitha

at on'ce^ isguyn halan halan, alba'al

attack {n.) hartzagoumn palamard hujum

August Okostos Tabbakh Tabbakh

authority ishkhanoutiun, paya, jah, maruta, huqma

English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

behind edev pasli, lapisht bkharayutha

bell zankag cliang, jinjil zJga

below tsadz, nerqev bin iltekh, kbo-

English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

black sev rash koma

blanket vermag lahef, jajim khlepa

blind guyr kor simya, kora

blockade (n.) basharoumn hisar muhasarah

blood armn khun dimma

blow (n.) harvadz, zarg sil

bodv marmin lash paghra

body (mass of khoump. jama' at jama' at

English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

bomb {n.) rroump,kndag qiimbara qumbara

bombard rrmpagodzel la-top dadin dari top

bond (legal) mourhag, ar- band/alaqa iltlzam

book kirq ktaib, daftar kthawa

boot goshig jazma, kaosh potine, jazma

boot-lace goshigi thel rise kundarah gdhadha

bottom liadag bin shitta

boy manch kurr brona, yala

brackish aghi nakhwash maliikha

breeze hawa nasim, bad riizgyar, yel

English. Arabic. Persian. Turkish.

(European) shapqa (Euro-

English. Arynenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

cap klkharg, kdag klo, kopin kusitha

capable garogh, jardar qadir, zirak qabil, ziraq

cape (promon- saravand, sare chiae resha

English. Arabic. Persian. Turhish.

cartridge fishgah fishang fislienk

castle qasr (pZ. qu§ur) burj, qal'ah qal'e

ceiling sagf saqf tavan

English. Armenian. Kurdish. Syriac.

collect jama, yijma jam' kardan, toplamaq