Gas Power Cycles

Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

4.5 Air Standard Diesel Cycle:

Air standard diesel cycle is a idealized cycle for diesel engines. It is as shown on P-v and T-s diagrams. The processes in the cycle are as follows:

4 1

Volume

2 4 1

Entropy
Fig.4.5. Air standard diesel cycle on p-v and T-s diagrams.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Gas Power Cycles

Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic Compression. Process 2-3: Constant pressure heat addition. Process 3-5: Reversible adiabatic Compression. Process 4-1: Constant volume heat rejection.

Consider m kg of working fluid. Since the compression and expansion processes are reversible adiabatic processes, we can write,

Heat sup plied = m Cp ( T3 - T2 ) =

Heat rejected = m Cv ( T4 - T1 ) =

( h3 u1 )

h2 )

( u4 -

Workdone = m Cp ( T3 - T2 ) - m C v ( T4 - T1 )

Now, we can write, thermal efficiency as,

th =

m Cp ( T3 - T2

) m Cp ( T3

m C v ( T4 - T1 ) - T2 )

= 1 -

1 T4 - T1 T3 - T2
v1 v = 4 v2 v2

T2 = T1 r -1 ; r =

T3 v = 3 = rc = cutoff ratio T2 v2

T3 = rc T2 = rc T1 r -1
T4 v = T3 3 v4
-1

v = T3 4 v3

-1

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Gas Power Cycles

Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

v v = T3 4 . 2 v 2 v3 = rc T1 r
-1

1-

r = T3 rc

1-

r rc

1-

; T4 = rc T1

Hence,

th = 1 -

rc T1 - T1 1 -1 -1 rc r T1 - r T1 r -1 = 1 - r1- c ( rc -1)

From the above equation, it is observed that, the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine can be increased by increasing the compression ratio, r, by decreasing the cut-off ratio, 2, or by using a gas with large value of . Since the quantity (r-1)/(rp-1) in above equation is always greater than unity, the efficiency of a Diesel cycle is always lower than that of an Otto cycle having the same compression ratio. However, practical Diesel engines uses higher compression ratios compared to petrol engines.

Mean effective Pressure:

mep = Net workdone Displacement volume

m Cp ( T3 - T2 ) - m C v ( T4 - T1 ) v1 - v 2

v 1 v1 - v 2 = v1 1 - 2 = v1 1 - v1 r
r - 1 = m R T1 r

m C v ( -1) T1 r - 1 P1 r

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Gas Power Cycles

Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

mep =

m Cp ( T3 - T2 ) - m C v ( T4 - T1 ) - 1 r - 1 m C v T1 P1 r

P r 1 T3 - T2 = 1 r - 1 - 1 T1

T4 - T1 - T1

r -1 ( r - 1) - r - 1 c c = P1 r ( r - 1)( - 1)

Difference between Actual Diesel and the Otto Engines:

Otto Engine
formed in the carburetor is supplied to engine cylinder.

Diesel Engine
supplied to the engine cylinder. Fuel is injected directly into the engine

1. Homogenous mixture of fuel and air 1. No carburetor is used. Air alone is

cylinder at the end of compression stroke by means of a fuel injector. Fuel-air mixture is heterogeneous. 2. Ignition is initiated by means of an 2. No spark plug is used. Compression electric spark plug. ratio is high and the high temperature of air ignites fuel. 3. Power output is controlled by varying 3. No throttle value is used. Power output the mass of fuel-air mixture by means of a throttle valve in the carburetor. is controlled only by means of the mass of fuel injected by the fuel injector.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras