NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

MULTIMEDIA ISSUES
Professor

Saad Haj Bakry,

PhD, CEng, FIEE

Network Architecture

Multimedia Issues

CONTENTS
DEVELOPMENT BANDWIDTH / CAPACITY STANDARDS GROUPS
Saad Haj Bakry

TRAFFIC STREAMS MULTIMEDIA SERVICES PERFORMANCE ISSUES

SERVICES REQUIREMENTS MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION SUGGESTED WORK

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Multimedia Issues

DEVELOPMENT
MULTIMEDIA WORKSTATIONS:
HQ Audio Video Coding & Display

COMPRESSION

ATM

OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES FIXED

CELLULAR SYSTEMS:
Radio Links

HIGHER SPEED UTP

LAN SUPPORT

NEW MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS

Saad Haj Bakry

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Multimedia Issues

BANDWIDTH / CAPACITY
Capacity[bps] SignalPower Ln(1 ) Banwidth[ Hz ] NoisePower
DRAW CURVE
Saad Haj Bakry

(C/B,S/N)

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STANDARDS GROUPS
ITU / ATM FORUM JPEG / MPEG IMA / MMCF
Saad Haj Bakry Multimedia Services

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Multimedia Issues

ITU / ATM FORUM

INTERNATIONAL

TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU:

Radio: ITU-R

ASYNCHRONOUCE TRANSFER MODE FORUM

An Industrial Group
(Telephone Companies / Computer Vendors)

Telecom.:ITU-T
Develop.: ITU-D
Saad Haj Bakry

to Guide the Future of ATM

Standard Groups

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JPEG / MPEG
JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERT GROUP:
Compression Standards for Still (Photographic) Pictures
Saad Haj Bakry

MOTION PICTURE EXPERT GROUP:

Compression Standards for Motion Pictures (Video / Audio)
Standard Groups

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IMA / MMCF
INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA ASSOCIATION
Promoting multimedia applications and communications. Reducing barriers to the widespread use of multimedia technology
Standard Groups

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS FORUM

Saad Haj Bakry

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Multimedia Issues

MULTIMEDIA SERVICES
MESSAGING SERVICES RETRIEVAL SERVICES CONVERSATIONAL SERVICES DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
Saad Haj Bakry Multimedia Services

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Multimedia Issues

MESSAGING SERVICES
DOCUMENT MAIL SERVICE

MIXED DOCUMENT:
Text / Graphics / Still, Moving Pictures / Voice Annotation

Saad Haj Bakry

Multimedia Services

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Multimedia Issues

RETRIEVAL SERVICES
BROADBAND VIDEOTEX:
Remote Education / News / Tele-Shoping

HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGE RETRIEVAL:

Medical Images

MIXED DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL: Archives..

Saad Haj Bakry

VIDEO RETRIEVAL:
Entertainment

DATA RETRIEVAL: Tele-Software

Multimedia Services

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Multimedia Issues

CONVERSATIONAL SERVICES
BROADBAND VIDEOTELEPHONY / VIDEOCONFERENCING HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGE COMMUNICATION
Saad Haj Bakry

HIGH SPEED TELEFAX / TELEACTION VIDEO SURVEILLANCE

Multimedia Services

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DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
QUALITY TV DISTRIBUTION:
NTSC / PAL / SECAM

NEWS RETRIEVAL

VIDEO
DISTRIBUTION
Saad Haj Bakry

TV: PAY PER VIEW

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING
Multimedia Services

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TRAFFIC STREAMS
CBR / DBR VBR / SBR AB R
Saad Haj Bakry

UBR

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CBR: CONSTANT BIT RATE: ATM FORUM DBR: DETERMINISTIC BIT RATE: ITU-T

DEFINITION:
Requires fixed amount of bandwidth to be continuously available during connections lifetime.
Saad Haj Bakry

EXAMPLE:
64 kbps Speech Connection Circuit in Circuit Switching
Traffic Streams

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VBR: VARIABLE BIT RATE: ATM FORUM SBR: STATISTICAL BIT RATE: ITU-T

DEFINITION:
Requires variable / changing banwidth
Saad Haj Bakry

VBR REAL TIME:

with real time requirements, such as Real Time Videoconferencing

VBR NON REAL TIME:

Such as Multimedia E-mail
Traffic Streams

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ABR: AVAILABLE BIT RATE

BOTH: ATM FORUM / ITU-T
EXAMPLE: Web Browsing COMPROMISE BETWEEN:
Capacity to handle peak load (low utilization at times / higher cost). Minimal capacity (congestion, lower cost)
Traffic Streams

DEFINITION:
For Bursty Traffic whose banwidth range is roughly known
Saad Haj Bakry

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UBR: UNSPECIFIED BIT RATE:

ATM FORUM

DEFINITION:
Traffic with low cost objective / No performance promises
Saad Haj Bakry

EXAMPLE:
Background Traffic such as E-Mail File Transfer
Traffic Streams

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EVALUATIONS
SERVICES CHARACTERISTICS BW Guarantee RT Traffic Bursty Traffic Cong. Feedback

CBR Y Y N N

j 0 inf.

VBRRT Y Y N N

VBRNRT Y N Y N

ABR
Optio nal

UBR N N Y N
Traffic Streams

N Y Y

Saad Haj Bakry

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SERVICES REQUIREMENTS: (1/2)

SERVICES
DATA TRANSMISSION
DOCUMENT TRANSFER / RET

PEAK:
(Mbps)

BURSTNESS:
Peak / Average

1-100 1-50 1-10 1-10

1-50 1-20

VIDEOCONFERENCING
BROADBAND VIDEOTEX / RET
Saad Haj Bakry

1-5
1-20

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SERVICES REQUIREMENTS: (2/2)

SERVICES
TV DISTRIBUTION
HDTV DISTRIBUTION

PEAK:
(Mbps)

BURSTNESS:
Peak / Average

1-5 30 / More
up to 100

1 1

TV CONTRIBUTION
3D MOVING IMAGES
Saad Haj Bakry

1
1

100 (s)

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MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION
AUDIO
STANDARDS

VIDEO
CHARACTERISTICS VIDEO STANDARDS

DATA
STANDARDS
Saad Haj Bakry

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AUDIO STANDARDS
CASE
CD AUDIO FM STEREO
WIDEBAND AUDIO

BW kHz 20 15 7 3.2

j 0 inf.

UN-COMP. kbps 1536 1536 128 64

COMPRESSED
kbps 192 128 64 64
Compression

PCM
Saad Haj Bakry

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VIDEO CHARACTERISTICS
REQUIRED QUALITY ACTIVITIES IN THE CAPTURED SCENE INTERLACING LINES / FRAME: PIXELS / LINE: BITS / PIXEL: 8 / 24
Saad Haj Bakry

FRAMES / SEC:

25 / 75

VGA: 640x480 SVGA: 800x600 XGA:1024x768 x (25)x(24) = 742 Mbps

Compression

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USING MPEG-1 STANDARDS

30 Frames / Second 8 bits / sample : pixel
NONCOMPRES.

CASE
TV Quality
Cable TV Quality Low Rate Videoconference Quality
Saad Haj Bakry

XxY Array
720x480 360x480 360x240

j 0 inf.

COMPRE SSED
4 / 9 Mbps 2 / 4 Mbps 384 kbps / 1.5 Mbps
Compression

83 Mbps 41 Mbps 20.5 Mbps

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DATA STANDARDS
CASE:
8.5"x11"

Non-Compressed Mbps

Compression Ratio

ASCII Text
Color Page

0.029
90 359 1436

Medium Res.
High Res.
Graphics Qual.
Saad Haj Bakry

j 0 inf.

2/4 10 / 20 10 / 20 10 / 20

5744

10 / 20
Compression

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PERFORMANCE ISSUES
BASIC PRINCIPLES
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Saad Haj Bakry

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BASIC PRINCIPLES
IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL FEEL & USER SATISFACTION DELAY SENSITIVITY:
End- to-End
Deviation from Average (Jitter) Audio / Video Lip Synchronization
Performance Issues

LOSS SENSITIVITY:

Bit Error Rate: BER / ATM Cell-Loss Rate: CLR

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

Multimedia Issues

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
REAL TIME AUDIO / VIDEO END-TO-END DELAY: 100 - 200 millisecond END-TO-END JITTER DELAY: Less than 250 microsecond ACCEPTABLE LOSS: 1 cell every 40 min - 1 hour
Saad Haj Bakry

AUDIO / VIDEO DIFFERENTIAL DELAY: (-20)-(+40) millisecond OBJECT RETRIEVAL RESPONSE: 1-2 seconds DOCUMENT BROWSING: 0.5 second
Performance Issues

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SUGGESTED WORK
CODING /

COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
COMMUNICATION

COMPLETE MULTIMEDIA TRANSACTIONS

DETAILED STANDARDS

SYSTEMS
Saad Haj Bakry

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHODS

ENCRYPTION ISSUES

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REFERENCES: 1/2
A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996 W. Stallings, High Speed Networks: TCP/IP & ATM Design Principles, Prentice Hall, 1998

R. Handel, M.N. Huber, S. Schroder ATM Networks: Concepts, Protocols, Applications, 3rd Ed., Addison-Wesley, 1998
Saad Haj Bakry

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REFERENCES: 2/2
R. Lloyd-Evans, Wide Area Network Performance and Optimization, Addison Wesley, 1996 D. Ginsburg, ATM Solutions for Enterprise Internetworking , Addison Wesley, 1996

R. R. Roy, Networking Constraints in Multimedia Conferencing and The Role of ATM Networks, AT&T Technical Journal, Vol. 73, No.4, July / Augest 1994, pp. 97-108
Saad Haj Bakry