CHAPTER 3

PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ( pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar)

31 BALANCE IN NATURE
1

4. Consumers Animals which consume the producers directly or indirectly. Three types of consumers are
a) only b) c)
5.

Primary consumers animals which eat plant Secondary consumers animals which eat primary consumers Tertiary consumers animals which feed on secondary consumers

NATURAL DISASTER

EFFECT
It changes the physical condition of the Earth It destroys plants, animals and their habitats It emits a great amount of dust and causes air pollution. It changes the physical condition of the Earth and destroy the habitats It destroys plants and animals, thus disrupts the food web

NATURAL DISASTER

EFFECTS It causes land to dry up which leads to death of plants and changes the environment of habitats The decreases of producers causes other consumers to decrease, thus disrupts the food web Animals and plants will die Causes soil erosion and landslides Destroys buildings, houses, habitats, plant and animals Death of plant and animals effects the food web The forest, which is the habitat of animals and plants are destroyed Animals lose their habitats and have no food

Ways to maintain the balance in nature

Enforcement of laws such as Environmental Quality Act 1974 Use of technology to reduce air pollution Use of biological control to reduce the usage of pesticides Preservation and conservation of forest by encouraged planting and reforestation.

3.2 THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Environmental pollution has the following negative effects on the environment :

Decline in human health Loss of economic resources Damage to natural habitats

Extinction of species
Damage to the beauty of nature

Global warming (pemanasan global)

Global warming
An increase in the global temperature is known as global warming Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that keeps the Earth warm However, a rapid increase in carbon dioxide (main greenhouse gas ) produced by human activities causes more heat than usual to be trapped in the atmosphere. Effects of global warming : i. Increase in average global temperature

ii.

Ice in the Poles melts faster and increases sea

levels

i. ii.

Flooding in low-lying areas Increase in extreme weather phenomena

THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER (Penipisan lapisan ozon)

THINNING OF THE OZONE LAYER (Penipisan lapisan ozon)

An ozone molecule is made up of three oxygen atoms ( O3) Ozone molecules form the ozone layer surrounding the Earth and prevent harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching the Earths surface

 The main cause of the thinning of the ozone layer is Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which is used a)As coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators
b)As propellants in aerosol cans c)As solvents to clean electronic components d)In the making of plastics and polystyrene

 The thinning of the ozone layer enables more dangerous ultraviolet rays to reach the Earth. The effects of this include : a)Skin cancer b)Cataract (eye lens becoming opaque) c)Lowering of body immunity d)Decrease in crop yields e)More phytoplanktons die

3.3 PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL

3.4 PROPER MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN MAINTAINING THE BALANCE OF NATURE