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MATLAB SIMULATION OF FS-1015 LPC-10e COPYRIGHT (C) 1996-99 ANDREAS SPANIAS and TED PAINTER This Copyright applies only to this particular MATLAB implementation of the LPC-10e coder. The MATLAB software is intended only for educational purposes. No other use is intended or authorized. This is not a public domain program and unauthorized distribution to individuals or networks is prohibited. Be aware that use of the standard in any form is goverened by rules of the US DoD. This program is free software. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. There is no commitment or even implied commitment on behalf of Andreas Spanias or Ted Painter for maintenance or support of this code. MATLAB is trademark of The Mathworks Inc ALL DERIVATIVE WORKS MUST INCLUDE THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE. ****************************************************************** PLACEA PORTED TO MATLAB FROM LPC-55 C RELEASE 3-12-94 ****************************************************************** DESCRIPTION Place the analysis window based on the voicing window placement, onsets, tentative voicing decision, and pitch. DESIGN NOTES Case 1: Sustained Voiced Speech If the five most recent voicing decisions are voiced, then the window is placed phase-synchronously with the previous window, as close to the present voicing window if possible. If onsets bound the voicing window, then preference is given to a phase-synchronous placement which does not overlap these onsets. Case 2: Voiced Transition If at least one voicing decision in AF is voicied, and there are no onsets, then the window is placed as in case 1. Case 3: Unvoiced Speech or Onsets If both voicing decisions in AF are unvoiced, or there are onsets, then the window is placed coincident with the voicing window. Note: During phase-synchronous placement of windows, the length is not altered from MAXWIN, since this would defeat the purpose of phase-synchronous placement. See Also: Version 52 release notes. VARIABLES INPUTS ipitch voibuf obound Initial pitch estimate for the analysis frame (AF) Buffer of voicing decisions Buffer of onset bounds (whether an onset occurs on

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

vwin OUTPUTS awin ewin

each voicing window boundary) Buffer of voicing window positions Buffer of analysis window positions Buffer of energy window positions

COMPILE TIME CONSTANTS AF - The analysis frame (3) LFRAME - Length of a frame (180) MAXWIN - Maximum window length (156) INTERNAL ephase allv winv i,j,k,l temp delta lrange hrange TRUE if the energy window should be placed phasesynchronously with the previous energy window. TRUE if the five most recent half-frame voicing decisions are all voiced. TRUE if either of the two most recent half-frame voicing decisions is voiced. Counter indicies Intermediate result for nearest pitch multiple Used for analysis window bounds checking Lower limit for placement of the analysis and energy windows (181) Upper limit for placement of the analysis and energy windows (540)

******************************************************************

function [ awin, ewin ] = placea( ipitch, voibuf, obound, vwin, awin, ewin ) % DECLARE GLOBAL VARIABLES global allv AF LFRAME MAXWIN % DECLARE AND INITIALIZE LOCAL VARIABLES lrange = ((AF-2)*LFRAME) + 1; hrange = AF*LFRAME; winv = 0; % SETUP TO CHECK THREE CASES allv = ( voibuf(2,AF-1) == 1 ); allv = allv & ( voibuf(1,AF) == 1 allv = allv & ( voibuf(2,AF) == 1 allv = allv & ( voibuf(1,AF+1) == allv = allv & ( voibuf(2,AF+1) == winv = ( voibuf(1,AF+1) == 1 ) | % CASES 1 AND 2 if allv | ( winv & (obound == 0) ) % % i i i % % l k APHASE: PHASE SYNCHRONOUS WINDOW PLACEMENT GET MINIMUM LOWER INDEX OF THE WINDOW = fix( (lrange+ipitch-1-awin(1,AF-1))/ipitch ); = i * ipitch; = i + awin(1,AF-1); L = THE ACTUAL LENGTH OF THIS FRAME'S ANALYSIS WINDOW CALCULATE THE LOCATION WHERE A PERFECTLY CENTERED WINDOW WOULD START = MAXWIN; = fix( (vwin(1,AF)+vwin(2,AF)+1-l) * 0.5 );

); ); 1 ); 1 ); ( voibuf(2,AF+1) == 1 );

% CHOOSE THE ACTUAL LOCATION TO BE THE PITCH MULTIPLE CLOSEST TO THIS temp = fix( ((k-i)/ipitch)+.5 ); awin(1,AF) = i + (temp*ipitch); awin(2,AF) = awin(1,AF) + l - 1; % IF THERE IS AN ONSET BOUNDING THE RIGHT OF THE VOICING WINDOW AND THE % ANALYSIS WINDOW OVERLAPS THAT, THEN MOVE THE ANALYSIS WINDOW BACKWARD % TO AVOID THIS ONSET if ( obound >= 2 ) & ( awin(2,AF) > vwin(2,AF) ) awin(1,AF) = awin(1,AF) - ipitch; awin(2,AF) = awin(2,AF) - ipitch; end % SIMILARLY FOR THE LEFT OF THE VOICING WINDOW if ( (obound==1) | (obound==3) ) & ( awin(1,AF) < vwin(1,AF) ) awin(1,AF) = awin(1,AF) + ipitch; awin(2,AF) = awin(2,AF) + ipitch; end % IF THIS PLACEMENT PUTS THE ANALYSIS WINDOW ABOVE HRANGE, THEN % MOVE IT BACKWARD AN INTEGER NUMBER OF PITCH PERIODS delta = awin(2,AF) - hrange; if delta > 0 delta = ipitch * (fix(delta/ipitch)+1); awin(1,AF) = awin(1,AF) - delta; awin(2,AF) = awin(2,AF) - delta; end % SIMILARLY IF THE PLACEMENT PUTS THE ANALYSIS WINDOW BELOW LRANGE delta = awin(1,AF) - lrange; if delta < 0 delta = ipitch * (fix(delta/ipitch)+1); awin(1,AF) = awin(1,AF) - delta; awin(2,AF) = awin(2,AF) - delta; end % MAKE ENERGY WINDOW BE PHASE-SYNCHRONOUS ephase = 1; else % CASE 3 awin(1,AF) = vwin(1,AF); awin(2,AF) = vwin(2,AF); ephase = 0; end % RMS IS COMPUTED OVER AN INTEGER NUMBER OF PITCH PERIODS IN THE ANALYSIS % WINDOW. WHEN IT IS NOT PLACED PHASE-SYNCHRONOUSLY, IT IS PLACED AS CLOSE % AS POSSIBLE TO ONSETS j = fix( (awin(2,AF)-awin(1,AF)+1)/ipitch ) * ipitch; if (j==0) | (winv==0) ewin(1,AF) = vwin(1,AF); ewin(2,AF) = vwin(2,AF); else if (ephase==0) & (obound==2) ewin(1,AF) = awin(2,AF) - j + 1; ewin(2,AF) = awin(2,AF); else ewin(1,AF) = awin(1,AF);

ewin(2,AF) = awin(1,AF) + j - 1; end end