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MATLAB SIMULATION OF FS-1015 LPC-10e COPYRIGHT (C) 1996-99 ANDREAS SPANIAS and TED PAINTER This Copyright applies only to this particular MATLAB implementation of the LPC-10e coder. The MATLAB software is intended only for educational purposes. No other use is intended or authorized. This is not a public domain program and unauthorized distribution to individuals or networks is prohibited. Be aware that use of the standard in any form is goverened by rules of the US DoD. This program is free software. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. There is no commitment or even implied commitment on behalf of Andreas Spanias or Ted Painter for maintenance or support of this code. MATLAB is trademark of The Mathworks Inc ALL DERIVATIVE WORKS MUST INCLUDE THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE. ****************************************************************************** VPARMS PORTED TO MATLAB FROM LPC-55 C RELEASE 3-8-94 ****************************************************************************** DESCRIPTION Calculate voicing parameters DESIGN NOTES See: Version 52 release notes. VARIABLES INPUTS vwin inbuf lpbuf buflim half dither mintau OUTPUTS zc lbe fbe qs rc1 ar_b ar_f Voicing window limits Input speech buffer Low pass filtered speech Array bounds for INBUF and LPBUF Half frame (1 or 2) Zero crossing threshold Lag corresponding to minimum AMDF value (pitch estimate)

Zero crossing rate Low band energy (sum of magnitudes - SM) Full band energy (SM) Ratio of 6 dB/oct preemphasized energy to full band energy First reflection coefficient Product of the causal forward and reverse pitch prediction gains - Product of the noncausal forward and reverse pitch prediction gains

INTERNAL oldsgn - Previous sign of dithered signal vlen - Length of voicing window

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start stop e_0 e_b e_f r_b r_f lp_rms ap_rms e_pre e0ap

Lower address of current half of voicing window Upper address of current half of voicing window Energy of LPF speech (sum of squares - SS) Energy of LPF speech backward one pitch period (SS) Energy of LPF speech forward one pitch period (SS) Autocovariance of LPF speech backward one pitch period Autocovariance of LPF speech forward one pitch period Energy of LPF speech (sum of magnitudes - SM) Energy of all-pass speech (SM) Energy of 6dB preemphasized speech (SM) Energy of all-pass speech (SS)

******************************************************************************

function [ dither, zc, lbe, fbe, qs, rc1, ar_b, ar_f ] = ... vparms( vwin, inbuf, lpbuf, half, dither, mintau ) % DECLARE GLOBAL VARIABLES global LBUFL SBUFL; % DECLARE AND INITIALIZE LOCAL VARIABLES % ESTABLISH BOUNDS FOR ENERGY AND CORRELATION MEASURES vlen = vwin(2,3) - vwin(1,3) + 1; start = vwin(1,3) + ((half-1)*(fix(vlen/2))) + 1; stop = start + (fix(vlen/2)) - 1; lpStart = start - LBUFL + 1; lpStop = stop - LBUFL + 1; inStart = start - SBUFL + 1; inStop = stop - SBUFL + 1; oldsgn = sign( inbuf(inStart-1) - dither ); % SETUP FOR ZERO CROSSING DETECTION, USING DITHER dmax = stop-start+1; signs=zeros(dmax,1); dt=zeros(dmax,1); dt(1:2:dmax) = dt(1:2:dmax)+dither; dt(2:2:dmax) = dt(2:2:dmax)-dither; % CALCULATE ZERO CROSSINGS (ZC) AND SEVERAL ENERGY AND CORRELATION % MEASURES ON LOW BAND AND FULL BAND SPEECH. EACH MEASURE IS TAKEN % OVER EITHER THE FIRST OR THE SECOND HALF OF THE VOICING WINDOW, % DEPENDING ON THE VARIABLE HALF. signs = sign( dt + inbuf(inStart:inStop) ); zc = sum( ~( signs + [ oldsgn; signs(1:dmax-1) ] ) ); lp_rms = sum( abs( lpbuf(lpStart:lpStop) ) ); ap_rms = sum( abs( inbuf(inStart:inStop) ) ); e_pre = sum( abs( inbuf(inStart:inStop) - inbuf(inStart-1:inStop-1) ) ); e0ap = sum( inbuf(inStart:inStop) .* inbuf(inStart:inStop) ); rc1 = sum( inbuf(inStart:inStop) .* inbuf(inStart-1:inStop-1) ); e_0 = sum( lpbuf(lpStart:lpStop) .* lpbuf(lpStart:lpStop) ); e_b = sum( lpbuf(lpStart-mintau:lpStop-mintau) .* lpbuf(lpStart-mintau:lpStop-mi ntau) ); e_f = sum( lpbuf(lpStart+mintau:lpStop+mintau) .* lpbuf(lpStart+mintau:lpStop+mi ntau) ); r_f = sum( lpbuf(lpStart:lpStop) .* lpbuf(lpStart+mintau:lpStop+mintau) ); r_b = sum( lpbuf(lpStart:lpStop) .* lpbuf(lpStart-mintau:lpStop-mintau) ); % NORMALIZED SHORT-TERM AUTOCOVARIANCE COEFFICIENT AT UNIT SAMPLE DELAY rc1 = rc1 / max( [ e0ap, 1.0 ] );

% RATIO OF THE ENERGY OF THE FIRST DIFFERENCE SIGNAL (6 DB/OCT PREEMPHASIS) % TO THE ENERGY OF THE FULL BAND SIGNAL qs = e_pre / max( [ 2.0*ap_rms, 1.0 ] ); % AR_B IS THE PRODUCT OF THE FORWARD AND REVERSE PREDICTION GAINS, % LOOKING BACKWARD IN TIME (THE CAUSAL CASE). ar_b = ( r_b*r_b ) / ( max( [ e_b, 1.0 ] ) * max( [ e_0, 1.0 ] ) ); % AR_F IS THE SAME AS AR_B, BUT LOOKING FORWARD IN TIME (NON CAUSAL CASE). ar_f = ( r_f / max( [ e_f, 1.0 ] ) ) * ( r_f / max( [ e_0,1.0 ] ) ); % NORMALIZE ZC, % (THE FRACTION zc = fix( ( zc lbe = fix( min( fbe = fix( min( LBE, AND FBE TO OLD FIXED WINDOW LENGTH OF 180. 90/VLEN HAS A RANGE OF .58 TO 1) * 2 * ( 90.0 / vlen ) ) + .5 ); [ (lp_rms*0.25*(90.0/vlen))+.5, 32767 ] ) ); [ (ap_rms*0.25*(90.0/vlen))+.5, 32767 ] ) );