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[---IL,LIAM E, D -t-N'NIS and I were pupils together in the Gaskell -:Bryant [& StrattonBusiness -" College [ofManchester. rvew Hampshire, We~were thei -in teens, and to o-ur' youthful minds - nothing else in the world was q-uite :8 0 important for beautiful [as ornate penmanship. No matter how 'hot the weather no matter how luring the outdoor with. its! swimming pool, trees! and flowers", 'y'o:ung; Dennis and I, from choice, would climb tOI the fourth, floor of the business block in whiel - 'G,8:s!::e'11 '-.ept scl 0[0', and re --le1 the fascinating in compound curves, a aades and hair ... lines, that made up the anatomy 10£ birds, which '-~d neither home nor ancestry, a 'My boy friend and [chum : 'Bill" Dennis, was grace personified in all his manipulations [of the pen, :I was the opposite. The strokes I made lacked symmetry and grace, When practicing ill my' room, seeing only' my' own work and having none of my boy friend's penmanship to contrast '__ ~,t:" I frequently rith thought 1. was doing beautifullY[I'-1 1: had, tOI do, however to, reduce my pride [and satisfaction to the ashes of a dead hope- was to go to Dennis [ -oom and contrast my work with, what he had been doing at the :sam,e time .. .Frequently, during that hot summer,,' ennis; would write a dozen cards 'which had been ordered: 'we would de ive them- a, d with the twenty-five cents thus: obtained would buy [a watermelon, Young 'Dennis was generous then; he is generous now Hie has always been free-hearted .. ~and his purse 10ft en, bas belen opened too widely for 'his, own good, I long ago gave 'up the race for supremacy in this branch of' penmanship and turned my attention to t: te p- ain unshaded, eoarse pen style, which Lbelieve everyone should learn, Had mymuscles been [as. supple my eye as true'-, and :my hand as steady [as were those of William E,[~Dennis I' might at this time '·'--1, be drvic mg ronors wrtn hi .rim, b d id~ . h I, believe that every penman who turns the following pages will be, willing to join me in, proclaiming Willian1 E, ennis the most expert ornate penman of the world, Perhaps there will never 'be another .... penn ran with the same artistic nature and, the same ability and patience that have been displayed by' him, 'He' is the king of o,mabe:penmansllipm Because of our old, friendship run deeply grateful for this oppcrtunity of preserving t'OI posterity some of the VC-j-Y finest of M,'r .. Dennis gems of pen .... made when he had reached the height of his skill, art h e t: ~Il 11-1 he - ~, hi d di I dedicate t~:. iIO',~'owing pages to au overs 0:f- tne beauti"'f.u1- l- penmansmp.
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Lettering properly may be: classed as a practical art, Almost everywhere in civilized countries there is a demand for some kind of lettering. Dine WIlD becomes expert in this, line Call generally 'find employment, - _T'he lette ing in this book is int ended mainly for penmen and art engrossers: and the. aim has been to present something practical-v-the kind of lettering which is, in daily demand, There is a. great deal [of lettering done by penmen which is almost useless 'so far a'S "financial profit is concerned .. Most lettering, by professional art engrossers has to be done very rapidly and at the same time effectively, Ther elOT 'e" let him. who wishes to, ollow this line 'of work keep in mind that speed is a v,er! essential fhing, But speed does not come first, 'l-et the student aim for q'uail"ty' at the beginning striv 'ng to acqui: -Ie style, elegance and character, and as he advances he will find that practice. enables him, to work faster and with greater ease: and freedom, In this book 'will 'be found several kinds of rapid text lette in.g'~Just. th,e kinds for commercial purposes, 'I hey are reproduced as. the pen made them, without retouching, and for that reason have not ·"-· finish and perfection which ,,:' uld be fhe result of 'more time and labor. ..e i o The Roman alphabet, while one 0 th,'e most useful, and the foundation of many ,kin.,ds [of lett'e:ring~ W',BS omitted for the reason that it Clan be found everywhere, an d there is no trouble generally to procure gooc models of Roman alphabets. It is, 'well that every one WI10 wishes to become skilled in lettering should master ' his particular alphabet, since rt is t- e basis of many 'other styles, 'Of all the ettering .. hich penmen and ar r engrossers are required tOI do, text lettering, nOI doubt, z '1 d variations 0.,'.' ]~ettermg 'W,] ]J.C··~ can b e none 'WIt-til a f··' ~ h "'".;,,;\,.. ne id he diff ;d h as t h wic est r,an:ge,;,-Th different styles, types anc vari ~ broad .... ;pointed steel or quill pen, are almost infinite, The ease and rapidity with which such work can be donie make it the most pleasing, satisfactory and profitable of penwork, There are 'many avenues through which this, work fi·. ds a dernand+-diploma filling resolutions. signs" show cards legal documents. etc.-e-al] [of which must often 'be: done 'by a skillec hand,
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Thi IS a b 1i 1h b d cngruner 'ld :..:181 beautrif.ui alphabet 10f,- grace f.u 1- curvesv b t is no t quite so 1 ibl..e anc di .£1" d as O' I: ,-:::n:g,ish: out ~ '- it -e'g,,_[-':[I ',:' 'E~ 1'" h .~ .. is rapid 'of' execution, and is especially valuable for filling diplomas, etc, It is less mechanical than Old h.. .,':. i entirel'hi .ch I:c_~ :.....-..::~.. ' ad 11 a ng IS".",; nemg maade '-,'"':-'1'·ost err ....... pen ..... ninuls tior E'-"'l"'~': b "-'_.-.',e up a mOISt~, rreiy 0 .. curves. :T':ne :,'. ':." rnampu a .. ion is mucn the ..e. same, ann if aperson can rnak O·1d·English he' can soon learn to make. German Text or vice V'" ersa It is a q' uestion which is' the :'[.:.~, . '. ...-.d'-"~ffi~'- t th, , '.,.'.-:- e.Illere·n.ce.-, : '-'-l~ . . it xt .,',-.'b . d .. vith t'hi. -'-. :g.re.a[,er spe·e: "11 G'". It·'.,'.'".'-.,-:ed more,-I!.I'.I, C,U", ~ ",-ereISI.l,'c .t 1-;"di'.cr:: ,'.' ...,',... ,", '. ilthoi -a h '··..''erman ,OUb.· G'-·' · . ,;::' . ,..-." if-X,,_ C.an·,·:e·,one Wl_. _lie ." :rac,e 1S it.... ·. . ·-h te rist'"'(::-:- .-.' .ceO c:, '.' tu 1. . , ...,.' ..e it -"' ..-,,-.ff-h -'"'. '. .. , . : liS c·ar,ac:ce,flS1C ..lea,-UTe, tc tie··t· th lS . ea,,-ln.' '. quantj... 1 ·, ," 19, ..'1-"'-..." ..-,-. -t .'[ '~"""·' ', d "'g '-, '.~'Iity ' t 1S hii:::'h-: y Impor·".an .0to rna ke 1 In,. as O. r-nan d.': a .. anner '. as ,::- '-.-ible A"· In· '.' c·.. -':-d ··:-··t·, .. rree : . '.:' d . ..,",- '.' possrrue, ,'-,3 ,-~ 0'··ff:(-- h .. m ... anc script W ri ·t'" -.: .',- .8. certam ..fr .. de. c, In ..execn" -t'-'ion. ,.', necessary,. . ano a ang, -,. ." t ,' ~. nom ~.-- .' ' :--c.·.. '.- " .::: -.::' 18 .. : ..... '.' .:', ., -.",',., aoorec £c t . .· ,1, ~,t tne WO'I" 1 b d errorr reveals rtsei1: 'f" a..t once In th _..- k
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.A, clear conception of the letter, as, in Old English, is of' great importance for the hand will try to make what the fancy dictates. Study the letter therefore, learn, it thoroughly, and train the [eye to be so critical that it will at once detect any fault made by the hand. Practice, and. practice. only, will make IO'D.e expert,
In this alphabet the aim is to produce graceful models, but 'no claim is laid to perfection, The student should not: be satisfied with fhe study of just one ~ alphabet, Study all the' good forms 'Y10;U can obtain, ever remembering there is no more than just one particular way to make a letter, also, that, no ~ }id to ·. d b e·yon··. criticiem. d ~;;, aiphanb et- can b ·~,esa'1·~· bie a bsotutety'1' perfect ,an'·',.... . .... 1'"
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id .... h least mecr amcai 1 10,·.f al. .. tterlD.g,.,:.·1 1>11 E·:n.g'1' 1 can b d h~ '1]' e Old' ~ ~ h d R apic G-:' rerman T·... IS .the II: .t'ext 1:8:1. oe uone wrth gooc effect in a slow labored manner. German Text, however from the off-hand. easy manner in which it should be' treated", 'is quite the reverse, having the 'blest appearance when done freely with. .nc retouching, This free-hand treatment gives a snap and grace to the letters, which cannot 'be secured in a laborious manner, just as.off-hand capitals in penmanship have life and grace, which a slow movement cannot produce" The broad-pointed turkey-quill pen, owing to its, sharpness of edge: when cut just right and. to, its extreme width, seems to be the best of all implements for this particular letter. The quill has a, certain t.ouch and quality that nOI steel pen possesses: and when it is in good order, the rapidity' 'with, which this . style of lettering can, be done is quite surprising, It is considerably easier and more rapid tOI execute than Old English" as it is made up almost entirely of curves, and does not require th.e same precise movement ;8S Old English,
.. here ,are good letterers who seem tOI make a failure of German Text 'by' distorting the: forms almost T to illegibility, This is especially true of the capitals. Particular' attentio,n must be given to, form", to, make the letters clean cut and regular, well proportioned, and well spaced,

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····:·,. .'Ierman . eXL ".:,.-.. ..ith .~ roa.c_ ··-···'~·1-1' ad I_u_e._: ,e made n:la l__ .. _... n Wl, e Th,.e [G:' -;:.".:.T'~"- on page ,4":--1' can b···· m.a·,e Wi:.,. ,8 broad qUilL ",an,· dil ted India ink~., then with a' '·1-1.'. e '.:l,ClC ed r .i -r'·:_··;· nlarrow qUI, the black -, e .gres c.an, be out 011. aft: er thee dil .. ted ·". k lSi fho .. zhlv drv . e pu. ;'.' ,B . ":-: ..1 t1 .e.. In.·. :"',.:- oroug. _y ~_ry~ Tb;.· .. letter ~ the ·':··'·h-·· -. . .~!.JlIS e. ·-er ~- .OU.g lit .'. Oi'" ;'-'.:. ,... .---,," ' .,'-.'.....:l:' ..'. ·-t'"·- ror "·,t·.-..... -' .z ds . -f" " ..\ ..- .--.~-"... rr .J .1 .. requires i\;.wlcegaln"b.~over,IS qui iterapi '~d_:_:' an:.d very errectrve fc leer am-- 'kL.lD.I.S, O:L engrossing. .......
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Soennecken" pens, turkey quills ~and. reeds, are used for text lettering. The best is th.at which you can use best. Most engrossere use the Soennecken Pien , probably because it. is easier to obtain, but others th_ink. there is nothing like a turkey quill, The trouble is in, preparing a. quill and. keeping it in order. First procure the quills (those from the wing), then. clip off the, feathery part, cut off the lend, of the barrel and soak well in water, then imprlDvis,e some kind of vise in which the quill should be placed for flattening: Leave it in this co ndition 'until it is dry, With a sharp knife cut it down into the shape abroad pen and .split it like Soennecken, taking care not: to splittoo far, ·as it would spread tOIO much, There is a knack which comes only' by experimenting in making this kin,d of a pen, but after this knack is acquired and a. quill prepared just right, it works like a charm, By using a large turkey quill, well flat .... tened out, a pen can be made a [quarter of Ian inch or more 'in width, which is much wider than any steel pens are 'made for such work, , India ink, is generally best liked although Chinese ink: is about as good, and some prefer it. J'ap,an ink: (W'.alk:id.en'].s or Arnold's) is also good, and. some U8 f:: it. altogether: but. the waterproof inks are generally hard to manage, especially 'Ory those inexperienced in this line [of lettering,

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In the accompanying specimen 'of Old English more attention 'was; :gi'v'le'n,o speed than to careful t finish, This; alphabet was made without retouching,' and, a fine-pointed 'Pien, used only for the few hairlines. It m,B,Y'be called off-hand lettering, since 'nOIpencil outlines were used and, each part of ,2 letter was made with a. single stroke of the broad-pointed quill pen, When done in this rapid manner, Old English cannot, lof ICOI'nr,S,le,~1 the accurate finish it. does show '1"" f 'nneo 1 h nne-pomted pen, But the spee d: wrth 'W'lC'I·.·. inted '8-" h __ 6',: h wnen nrst outlined a m pcnci'~1 d th earem 11'-Y''" d 'W1t~_ a, fi"" ann rnen .. ''"h . h ~,"h it can be done makes it far more practical than the alphabet 0'0, page 43, -where a great d.. of' time was eal spent in designing and finishing. ~ The aim in this alphabet 'was to produce something just las simple and rapid as possible, omitting all unnecessary embellishment and grace lines. It is, not easy t,OI make Old English rapidly and at the same time give: it: a finis;h,le appearance, Usea quill pen well flattened out and 'cut in the right manner; d or q Soenne .cken steel en - if preferred, A·_'_:_···. th orouzh kn .owle Ige of t- he etter ~i,~no' ecessary ~n, that no k'.'etchvL. ing in pencil is required-s-a firm control of the hand does the rest. Some of' the capitals, in, Old nglish are' especially difficult, and when done in an off-hand manner they can 'bile modified tOI some extent to suit the' occasion. Certain forms of capitals cannot b'e well made in this, rapid manner '; therefore 'It would bile well for the student to, make a careful comparison 10 £ these two alphabets and note wherein it is an advantage t.OI modify certain parts of letters, There are many who can make Old English in a slow mechanical way .-that is. by first drawing the: letter in pencil, outlining it and then filling It in ; but. whoever wishes tOI make it profitable will find this method la, failure. :Nearly' :a11Old English executed by professional engrossers in filling diplomas and body fext in resolutions and similar work is done rapidly, It is, therefore desirable for the student to give as much attention as possible t'CI this rapid style cfOld English Study the forms and acquire the, knack of using the pen, skilfully and rapidly.
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This is one of the most 'beautiful and useful of' all alphabets, and no doubt, one of the most difficult. There are several 'ways, of making it, TID pencil the letter carefully" outline it with ink and then, fill in, is, a decidedly amateurish way' for general Old 'English. lettering, ,A better 'way, after laying: out 'the letter carefully 'in, pencil, is; tlO rule in all the straight strokes with a pen as wide as the strokes of the letter then put on the diamonds, curves, etc>- =using a fine pen, of course for the hair ... lines and retouching, This, while all right for finished work, is, slow',", The practical 'wa.y' to make Old English is simply to locate the letters 'with, a pencil, fhen with the broad pen or quill, corresponding in width to, the letter, clip them out at one stroke, putting on th,'e spurs usu .. ally' with a narrower pen. This is a. quick, effective, although difficult, 'wa,y to turn off Old English, A:s much retouching and trimming; up may 'be done afterwards a'Sis desirable, but: in lettering for profit it should be the aim to make the different parts of the, letters with, one stroke and not use valuable time' in endless retouching and truing up, In, this specimen an effort was made to' produce as, perfect an alphabet as possible to serve a,SIa, model of good forms: 'but, an, absolutely perfect alphabet cannot be made and probably never will ole, for what would seem perfect to one, accordingto his conception of the letter, would not 'be' 80 in the eyes of another lof equally good taste and skill, _ This being the case, then, til'e: best w',ay is to ..sturdy all good '~ Old English alphabets, and select the particular thmgs you like best. In this manner lone does notbecome a mere imitator, but develops a style: and individuality of 'his, O!\VD~ In the alphabet on the following page each letter was penciled, out very' carefully ~ and fher; with a broad quill pen the letters were made in ink. After that considerable time 'was spent in lining 'UPI and retouching where there appeared any chance for improvement, This mode of procedure, as before stated, is, not a practical '\-vay to do Old English: but it may be well enough for practice, to train the eye and acquire las good a conception of the letter as possible,
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A, 'v,er.y rapid and very easy rustic letter' is made by just 'simply indicating it 'with a pencil, then freely 'was hing in the characters with a,brush and diluted India ink, The more quickly the washing is done the better the effect, Then with a broad pen put around, the dark shade, following the general outline of the letter. After this, cross ... Iines are, laid in with ink-s-black 0 nearly black-e-then 'branches are added here and , .,' there to give it a still ~,ore. rustic look, 'This,- is, a surprisingly rapid Ietrer and in certain styles of engrcssing is very effective, gi.vin:g the impression of a great deal more. work fhan there really is,
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Tll,ler·e: e many w~Y'SI oftreating this, letter, a few examples of which. are, submitted, ar These different styles, combined with text lettering' and script, can be executed with such ease and speed that the 'e11gI"O'.S,S~ mg artist will find ..hem of' inestimable value where time is a consideration, with results. pleasing and satisfactory,
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This is a very elegant and beautiful letter for elaborate pieces of engrossing, It is, not the most difficult, though rather S 110'W' of' execution: fherefore it is not "used so much as, other alphabets. It can be treated in many ways, and affords great scope for variations and ornament.

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As, a rule it is quite necessary to sketch this, letter rather carefully in pencil, especially' where cond -th' a brush it '1.S well tlo use waterproo fi k 'S ("H"';o , ,S is gO!OII;:_' " '1: d) 81id era hI e ornament is 'use-'..· W-'-f, en, t •ntecd wi :,.~ b ... .i <n ,.in.' .iggms for all outlines, Put in all tile line .. ork first, carefully givingshape and character to the, lettering, then w the wash-work comes, next,
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'I'.'._IS rarth :e.r,ld iffi It ,·,0 I"'''' ,-..".. la go'o,d leI'le.C·'O··lS;,,:'": '1, tt ..,'b-: ~ 'WOI,r,1,n,g,..· 1 up- .enrrey tl ~",~,.' ...; '"." t···,, glve ..,:-.... . lX' . ·tc.· to t· 'h', - lel)~J=rc.y -'--'.' ':':k····:"',,·' 'IO,t "-, " ", rti '''-''1,'' .' 'ith ,eu ,. ···.,_c~ep,e-'n' the "brush, therefore, is, the. best medium for handling: it successfully, The, alphabet 'presented c,n the following """,., W,9_8 "one " .. .,."c:t· .,e ,-::'k·'·:,.. " _'01 ,·t-· " oarn, ·,l·,·,' ..ed to .", ",_: me color hich was .... page.. "',':"., d",.'.:,... on a ra he r . d ,ar,:,-',g,ray B"'~['lSI 0, I' bor d a,. bru .h "b's·'emg empioyeo tc ','I ay Ion the ceior, w-,:.L~l·'·.,,· "-,, .. orusr ..· Payn e's Gray:',' mixed with India ink. ,t' 'he high liahts being p" on last of all with Chinese 'white Gray Bristol uti beo'ar'~., ,~.:, ,:,.",:, -'~'l'(·,.-t' th lng.,;-' '.' thi k'tn,.>. 10. letti ,.. ,', d 1S ,an exce.Len .' :-:.~ ,r",:. _.:llS "" d of "e,.e~nng, USln,g Pl" ayne.__.' S G-,':'" , ..",."'.,-d Wl,_, 1"-:-:-'" roblack , 0'-·r India In.,·,~ ~ ith ,-,amp~a .. :,- .. ,-"'''_< ink ,lO'l .. ,', ,.,rlay mlxe"
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b" .., fif Y .-- :,·t' ,,": rt It ~' T'""'h'~ , '1'"t·· 'to~er,armOln1ZieseaU__cl',U. 1'1',·--Wl, "h t-"hi, , 'R'-oman", B':'l"- ck 0:""l! d E'" "'1'" shi, .", d ,____,··n:gravers c crlp,. .. ,.15.,e' .. ,. 'e .. , .-,~., "".IO'C:'I"~:' '··:n:g_1Sr an £1 .,'1", , . .cr: cellent roort mit~'" working In arounad rt fine b .sh designs s ch a's"11~11';;e""s~:'other '~:., ,.. -', it r ne crus deeizns slue .,1,.. 'O"'f'" aJlSOanor.. ds an excei ent opport unity ror ',' orkina S ,:T flo '''-''--:-.-:'.,~ ,,'... e, ',Ct',~"11 '1 .0:'f'~',w, .le h ' bI- _".'.:d he'.....armonlo,us l'y,', 1' ,a·: 1, : rhi _ ,olwers, '.Ie:av,es, 'to " :._,' e'n , , '.' I' ,,' .. .,
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The conventionalized acanthus leaf is the basis of most ornament. I.t ia; therefore, very necessary for the engrossing artist to make a study of this beautiful leaf and become familiar with its structure and the different ways in which ~t is treated. It is not intended he-Tie togo! into, this particular branch of ornament to any' great extent, but rather tOI rmpress upon students its, importance and to suggest a way of becoming familiar with, it. If not convenient to attend a drawing class in historic, ornament by ,aII means secure, if POlS sible ,I a few good casts and draw from them, ,A cast of the fullleaf (see large one on page 67 drawn from a cast) will prove' [an excellent model. This should be drawn and redrawn until the student make 8"' fair ~o··-:p··'y ;m,:l 'e"m""o-:Iry;","'~ when orther casts should be g:..tu ..died..' with the view of seeing how the .. fro ml'; r .. : C"a'·'n=' leaf is changed into an infinite 'variety of designs and scrolls" After sufficient practice of thisl kind, one finds himself able to make variations and designs of his own. To copy designs made ~;,'others is not practical, and does 'not give tha thorough knowledge obtained by g"oing to the foundation and studying the principles of the lle,af structure,
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in the line of ornamental penwork is more fascinating: than O'ff... hand Elourishing, The ease and rapidity ofits execution the grace and harmony 0' its curves, following e,8JC'h other in such q.U?IC:'~: succession, forming some beautiful des,ign-a bird in the nest, a. SW,B!· Ian eagle, Of' 8,,0me other graceful lo'bjlec,:_-make ,8.. charming and interesting pen performance, It 'is doubtful if anything in penwork requires marie: real skil.... ~aureness of' stroke" delicacy of touch and absolute freedom of arm and hand than Off-hand Flourishing. Certainly none lof the other work ir this, book offers the technical difficulties found in the flourished designs, the most difficult of all "being: the two swans facing each other OlD pla:~e. 29~, Lettering is more or less mechanical, but flourishing is ':'. ite the opposite, In this work the mind must. u conceive quickly the arrangement of harmonious, well-balanced curves, and the hand must reproduce them withoi .. hesitation, t ."n a,d, ition tOI this" the penman should have: in mind some harmonious esign pleasing in, effect as a whole, A~ in all artistic work, design and composition are the essentiala, and skilful strokes without artistic arrangement will not 'be attractive ..
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