The Picture Plane is the flat two-dimensional surface on which we draw or project an image

in perspective.

Artists use perspective to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface

(a piece of paper or canvas) in a way that looks natural and realistic. Perspective can create
an illusion of space and depth on a flat surface (or the picture plane).

Perspective most commonly refers to linear perspective, the optical illusion using
converging lines and vanishing points that makes objects appear smaller the farther away
from the viewer they go. Aerial or atmospheric perspective gives things in the distance a
lighter value and cooler hue than things in the foreground. Foreshortening, yet another type
of perspective, makes something recede into the distance by compressing or shortening the
length of the object.

Perspective, in the graphic arts, such as drawing is the art of giving a drawing the illusion of
three dimensions. It is an approximate representation in flat surface (such as paper) of an
image as it is seen by the eye
The Horizon / Eye Level is the axis
around which a perspective drawing is
constructed.

When we are outdoors we use the

horizon as a point of reference to judge
the scale and distance of objects in
relation to us.

In perspective drawing, the horizon also

happens to be the viewer's eye-level.

In art, we tend to use the term 'eye level',

rather than 'horizon' as in many pictures,
the horizon is frequently hidden by walls,
buildings, trees, hills etc.
 VIEWPOINT IN PERSPECTIVE
Viewpoint is the spot (point) from which you, the artist, is looking at (viewing) the scene.
Linear perspective is worked out according to this viewpoint. There's no right or wrong
choice of viewpoint, it's simply the first decision you make when beginning to plan your
composition and figure out the perspective.

Normal viewpoint is how an adult sees the world when standing up. When painting in a
realistic style, this is the viewpoint you'll probably use because it's what we're accustomed
to seeing. It's what looks most real.

A low viewpoint is when you're looking at a scene from much lower than you
would ​standing up. For instance, if you were sitting on a chair, had crouched down onto
your heels or, even lower down, sitting on the grass. Of course, it's also the level from
which small children see the world.

A high viewpoint is when you're looking down on a scene. You might be on a ladder, up a
hill, on the balcony of a tall building.
HORIZON LINE IN
PERSPECTIVE
The horizon line art theory is a
horizontal line that runs across the
paper or canvas to represent the
viewer’s eye level, or delineate
where the sky meets the ground.
It should rarely be in the center of
the composition, but ideally placed
about one-third of the way up or
down the piece.
 VANISHING LINE IN PERSPECTIVE
A vanishing point, or point of convergence, is
a key element in many works of art. In a
linear perspective drawing, the vanishing
point is the spot on the horizon line to which
the receding parallel lines diminish. It is what
allows us to create drawings, paintings, and
photographs that have a three-dimensional
look.

The easiest way to illustrate this in real life is

to stand in the middle of a straight road.
When you do this, you'll notice how the sides
of the road and the lines painted on it meet in
one spot on the horizon. The center line will
go straight for it, and the lines on the side will
angle in until all of them intersect. That point
of intersection is the vanishing point.
 TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE
One - Point Perspective – when you look
down a long, straight road, the edges of the
road give the illusion of meeting at a point
on the horizon. This is one point perspective
because you have one vanishing point.

One point perspective is used when you are

looking straight at an object or scene from
the front.
 TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE
Two - Point Perspective – when you
look at an object from an angle as
opposed to directly in front, you will have
two vanishing points on the horizon.
 TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE
Three - Point Perspective – if you are looking at
something very tall such as a skyscraper or very tall
tree, you will have a third vanishing point above the
object. You can also have a third vanishing point if you
are looking down into a deep canyon for example.
REFERENCES:
https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-terms/horizon-line-in-art/
https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/perspective-in-paintings-
2578098#:~:text=Understanding%20Perspective%20in%20Art&text=Perspective%20is%20
an%20art%20technique,%2Ddimensional%20(flat)%20surface.
https://www.liveabout.com/vanishing-point-drawing-definition-1123080
https://www.creativebloq.com/features/one-point-perspective
https://www.pinterest.ph/rainbowjane/2-point-perspective-drawing/
https://trembelingart.com/what-perspective-art-beginners/