2011

URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

, ..
MSc

,

.
.

.

,
.

3500 .. , . . ..
. 27
14 . .
,
100 .. , . ,
. .
Pilkington 1959
. .

. 1 29

. 2 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

, . .
.

.
.
. , , , ,
.

.

.
,

.
- -
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
. , , . . . , ,

. 3 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

, (),
. ,
.
(SiO2 - 73,7%), (. , Na2CO3 - 16%), (K2O 0,5%) (. (CaCO3 - 5,2%) (MgCO3 - 3,6%) (Al2O3 - 1%) . .

(Soda-lime glass):
(12-18%) (5-12%).
.

, (, , ). , . ,
. , , . , , 400 nm. .

:
(PbO).
PbO 30%, 24% PbO . ,
.
() , ,
. , , . ,
.
(.. ).

. 4 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

, PbO
65% ,
.

: "Pyrex".
(70-80%), B2O3 (7-13%)
(4-8% Na2O K2O, 2-7% Al2O3).

.
, , (.. )
( Pyrex, ). , , , .

:
. (), , , , , .
Fiberglass. , , .
, ,
, . , ,
. ,
( ).

: 20% , , .
, , 750C.

- : , . ,
, ( ), ,

. 5 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

, (BaO)
(SrO).

:
, ,
, ,
, (
.).

: , .
, ,
( ) ( , , .).

. (float flat glass) ( ).
:

, , float,
.

. (MgO) (Na2CO3) (SiO2), (CaO) (Al2O3).

.
. ,
555C, (transition temperature) (annealing point).

(annealed glass)

.
(annealing point) . .
3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 25 3.0x6.0m 3.2x8.0m.

, -

. 6 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

. ( 7Mpa)
.
.

(..
) . 33C.
(Tempered)..

(tempered glass)
(, , ),
,
650C
. ( 1)
.

1:

[6].

(Toughened glass), 100Mpa. 25mm 100Mpa.

2.14x4.5m 3.0x6.0m.

(Heat strengthened glass), 40-50Mpa. 12mm.

.
, ,
.
.
(heat
soaking) 280C.

. 7 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr
( 1)

1: . -

, heat strengthened, toughened [6].

(Laminated glass).
,
.
(PVB), .
(
) .

.




(
100Mpa),
.
2: PVB [1].

2 E G -

PVB
15 20C [1].

. (soda-lime) coh=

. 8 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

20000 MPa
.
.
. a<10m. , 100m. .
coh . .
,
.
, , .
Griffith 1920

.

. 9 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

K I Y t a ,
t , , a Y
,
. Y 1.77
1.99 .
IC I=IC f .

K IC
Y a

IC 0.72 0.82 MPa m-1/2.

0.75 MPa m-1/2.

. :

f coh

. Lawn
,

min

2 K IC

coh

IC=0.75 MPa m-1/2, coh= 20000 MPa =1.99

pmin=1.4 nm. Si-O-Si
0.32nm.

. .
, , , .
,
.

.
1mm ,
0.5 (Derby 1992).
, .
. 10 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

,
, , . (.. ), .

,
, . , , .
:

. I > I0 (I0 = (2030)% IC, ( I 3)

, Si2 O H 2 O 2 SiOH ,
(
3: [3].

4).

( II 3),

I . I
IC.

. 11 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

4:
( ) [3].

I=IC .
vmax=1500 m/s. , .

,
I=IC .

.

3
,
, , , . (.. ) (.. ) .

. 12 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

prEN 13474
1999
,
. (
) .
:

, .

(.. EN 1991-1-4 , )

.

( ), ( ).
, , .

f g ,d k mod

f g ,k

m kA

n , :

kmod = 0.72 , 0.36 0.27

fg,k = 45 Mpa (EN 572)

m =1.8

= A1/ ,

n 1.0

tempered

f g ,k
f b ,k f g ,k
n , :
f g ,d
k mod
k

V
m
A

fb,k = 120 Mpa (EN 12150) toughened

fb,k = 70 Mpa (EN 1863) heat-strengthened

v = 2.3

. 13 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

fg,k fb,k 1,5 sec

kmod.

a
t

max k1 qd , :

a, ,

t ,

qd

k1 1

p*

=70000 MPa .

a q
p* d ,
t E

1: k1 p* [3].

L
t

max 0.75 qd , L .
() .

. 14 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

. ,
.
, ,
ef . k.

.
:
1

ef

dxdy , :
A

(x, y)

=25 .

a
t

ef k 2 qd , k2 .
.

. 15 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

2: k2 p* [3].
2

max

L
0.699 qd
t

.
max

max

L4 qk
k 4 3 , :
t E

qk (SLS) ,

. 16 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

k4
p* qk

3: k4 p* ( qk) [3].

max 0.148

L4 qk

t3 E

.

. .
max =a/125 a .


. 10C ( ).
.

(=70000Mpa, =9.0x10-6(oC)-1)

0.63

Mpa
o
C

. 17 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

, kmod=0.36



.
:

ef ,i
1 , efx max.
g ,d ,i

. .
() ( k) .

, . ..
.
. tempered


, .


. . ( )
( ).
( PVB) ,
. , ( ). () .
( ).
. 18 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

(CAN/CGS 12.20-M89, Structural design of glass for buildings)

70F (210C).
( ) ,
. , (
) , ,
.

[3] [2].
, , .

[1] University of Florence: Department of civil engineering Anna Bati, Maurizio Orlando, Ostilio Spadaccini, Paolo Spinelli Use of Laminated Safety Glass plates under compression:
application to the design of an arch pedestrian bridge International Symposium on the Application of Architectural Glass (ISAAG) Munich, Germany 2006
[2] Philip Wilson, Gennady Vasilchenko-Malishev, The design and construction of all glass
structures, International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS), Paris 2006.
[3] Aki Vuolio, Structural behaviour of glass structures in facades, Helsinki University of
Technology Laboratory of Steel Structures Publications 27, Espoo, October 2003
[4] Leonardo Lani, Progretto di elementi in vetro structturale secondo la norma EN 13474-3
(CEN/TC129/WG8), Dipartimento Ingegneria Strutturale, Facolt Ingegneria, Universit di
PISA.
[5] Matthias Haldimann, Fracture strength of structural glass elements analytical and numerical modelling, testing and design, THSE NO 3671 (2006), COLE POLYTECHNIQUE
FDRALE DE LAUSANNE, 13 dcembre 2006
[6] M. Overent, S. Gaetano, M. Haldimann, Diagnostic interpretation of glass failure, Structural Engineering International 2/2007
[7] Wikipedia Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia 2008. URL http://en.wikipedia.org/

. 19 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

prEN 13474-1(1999) [3].
a () > b ()
.

-1: (kmod=0.72)

-2: heat strengthened, (kmod=0.72)

. 20 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-3: toughened, (kmod=0.72)

. 21 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

B
prEN 13474-2(2000) [3]..

-1: a=1500mm t=6mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS.

. 22 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-2: a=1500mm t=10mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 23 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-3: a=2000mm t=8mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 24 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-4: a=2000mm t=12mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 25 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-5: a=2500mm t=8mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 26 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-6: a=2500mm t=12mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 27 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-7: a=3000mm t=10mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 28 29

2011
URL: www.diolkos-eng.gr

-8: a=3000mm t=15mm,

, b
qk. ULS
SLS

. 29 29