Scatter Diagrams Objectives: D Grade Draw a scatter diagram by plotting points on a graph Interpret the scatter graph Draw

a line of best fit C Grade Interpret the line of best fit Identify the type and strength of correlation

Scatter Diagrams A scatter graph is a graph using paired data that can be used to find out whether there is a relationship between two variables. paired data is two separate pieces of data referring to the same thing e.g. the age and value of a car the height and shoe size of a person the marks that a person gained in two separate tests. A variable is a piece of information that can change. e.g. test results - these can be any value, but will be a specific value for a particular person's test.

Scatter Diagrams The height and shoe size of students in a class was recorded.

This information can then be plotted for each student on a graph with the height on one axis and the shoe size on the other axis
each cross represents the shoe size and height of one student

Height

Shoe size

Scatter Diagrams 10 pupils sat both a Maths and a Physics exam, here are their scores:
Pupil A B C D E F G H I J Maths 56 24 67 70 71 42 48 32 52 80 Physics 65 38 71 72 73 51 56 42 57 82

Plot them as a scatter graph. Generally the top set of data is used for the x values
Maths / Physics Exam Results
90 80 70 Physics Results 60 50

X X XX X X X X XX

40
30 20 10 0 0 10

20

30

40 50 60 70 Maths Results

80

90

Scatter Diagrams Correlation: is a measure of the relationship between two variables; correlation is measure in terms of type and strength

correlation is assessed by being strong or weak

strong means there is a very strong relationship such as the hotter the weather the more ice creams are sold weak means there is no relationship between things such as the colder the weather the better my exam results will be

Scatter Diagrams Correlation on a scatter diagram

strong correlation

weak correlation

no correlation

Notice how the crosses are grouped close together along an imagined line The crosses are less closely grouped in the example of weak correlation.

Scatter Diagrams Correlation can also be described and positive or negative, Depending on the slope (gradient) of the graph

positive correlation

negative correlation

Positive correlation means that as one item increases, so does the other. e.g. as a persons height increases so does their armspan
Negative correlation means that as one item increases, so does the other. e.g. as a car gets older its value decreases

Scatter Diagrams Example: Sketch a diagram to show a possible scatter graph for paired data for the age and value of a computer. Describe the correlation and write a sentence to describe the relationship Strong negative correlation
value of computer

As a computer gets older it is worth less

age of computer

p39 Q3

Scatter Diagrams

Worksheet

The table shows the ages and arm spans of seven students in a school.
Age (years) 16 13 13 10 18 10 15 Arm Span (inches) 62 57 59 57 64 55 61

Q4

The table shows the ages and second-hand values of seven cars.
2 1 4 7 10 9 8

Age of car (years)

Value of car ()

4200 4700 2800 1900 400 1100 2100

a. b. c.

Draw a scatter graph of the results Describe the type and strength of correlation Write a sentence explaining the relationship between the two sets of data

a. b. c.

Draw a scatter graph of the results Describe the type and strength of correlation Write a sentence explaining the relationship between the two sets of data

Scatter Diagrams Q5
The table shows the daily rainfall and the number Of sunbeds sold at a resort on the south coast
0 1 2 5 6 9 11

Worksheet

Q8 refer to book p40

Amount of rainfall (mm)

Number of sunbeds sold 380 320 340 210 220 110 60

a. b. c.

Draw a scatter graph of the results Describe the type and strength of correlation Write a sentence explaining the relationship between the two sets of data

p39 Q3
68 66 64 Arm Span (inches) 62 X

Scatter Diagrams

Q4
4000
X

X X

Value of car ()

X X

3000

X X

60
58 X 56 X 54 52 50

2000

1000

X X

1
10 11 12 13 14 15 Age (Years) 16 17 18

5 6 7 8 9 Age of Car (years)

10 11

Scatter Diagrams Q8 1200

1100 X

Q5
Number of sun beds sold

400 X 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 X X X X X X

1000 900 800 Calories 700 600 500 400 300 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Amount of rainfall (mm) 8 9 10 11 200 X 100 0 10 20 Fat (g) 30 40 50 X X X X X