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Midpoint Theorem

The document discusses the midpoint theorem and its converse, along with their proofs. It states: 1) A line joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to half its length. 2) A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle through the midpoint of another side bisects the third side. It then provides formal proofs of these statements using properties of parallel lines, midpoints, and congruent triangles. Several practice problems applying these concepts are also included.

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2K views5 pages

Midpoint Theorem

The document discusses the midpoint theorem and its converse, along with their proofs. It states: 1) A line joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to half its length. 2) A line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle through the midpoint of another side bisects the third side. It then provides formal proofs of these statements using properties of parallel lines, midpoints, and congruent triangles. Several practice problems applying these concepts are also included.

Uploaded by

Apex Institute
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • The Midpoint Theorem and its Converse: Introduces the midpoint theorem explaining the relation of midpoints in a triangle to the sides, setting the foundation for further proofs and practical problems.
  • Formal Proof: Presents a formal mathematical proof of the midpoint theorem, illustrating why the theorem holds through congruent triangles and parallel lines.
  • Practical Problems: Provides exercises related to the midpoint theorem, involving geometric constructions and applications to reinforce conceptual understanding.
  • Answers: Gives detailed solutions and explanations for the practical problems, allowing students to check their understanding and accuracy.

The Midpoint Theorem and its Converse

The midpoint theorem and its converse.

A. The line which joins the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and is equal to half of the length of the third side.

B. The line through the midpoint of one side of a triangle when drawn parallel to a second side bisects the third side.

Proofs

A
P

S and T are the midpoints. We have to show ST is parallel to QR Informal proof Triangles PST and PQR are similar (SAS) Angle PST = angle PQR so the lines are parallel

PS 1 ST 1 = so = PQ 2 QR 2
Formal proof
P

Produce ST to U, such that RU is parallel to QP. Triangles PST and TUR are congruent. (AAS)

UR = PS and UR = SQ
Since UR is parallel to SQ, SQRU is a parallelogram, so ST is parallel to QR Also, from the congruent triangles PST and TUR, ST = TU

So ST = B

1 1 SU = QR as opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal. 2 2

Let S be the midpoint of PQ. The line ST is drawn parallel to the side QR. We have to show that T is the midpoint of PR. Informal proof. Triangles PST and PQR are similar (AAA)

PS PT = PQ PR

But

PS 1 PT 1 = = , so T is the midpoint of PR so PR 2 PQ 2

Formal Proof Produce ST to U, such that ST = TU


P

Triangles SPT and TUR are congruent. (AAS)

PT = TR
The Intercept theorem

CVPU, ST and QR are parallel lines. Given that PS = SQ, then UT = TR

Some Further Practice Problems 1.


P

Q U

S is the midpoint of PQ. T is the midpoint of PR. U is any point on QR. Prove that ST bisects PU. 2.
P

R S

T is the midpoint of PR. (i) Prove that S is the midpoint of QR (ii) Prove that QT =

1 PR 2

3.

P Y X

T S

S and T are the midpoints of PQ and PR. QTX is a straight line with QT = TX RSY is a straight line with RS = SY Prove (i) XPY is a straight line. (ii) XY = 2QR 4.
P T

PQR is a right-angled triangle. QRS is an equilateral triangle. ST is parallel to QP. Prove that T is the midpoint of RP.

M H

D L

N A B E

5. L is the midpoint of BC M is the midpoint of AC. N is the midpoint of AH Prove that LMN is a right angle.

6. ABCD is a parallelogram. The diagonals of the parallelogram intersect at O. P is a point on AB abd Q is the point on CD such that POQ is a straight line. Prove that OP = OQ (You may use without proof, any relevant properties of a parallelogram)

Answers 1. In PQR, S is the midpoint of PQ and T is the midpoint of PRST is parallel to QR Let PU cut ST at V. In PQU, S is the midpoint of PQ and SV is parallel to QU. S is the midpoint of QR

V is the midpoint of PU
2. (i) T is the midpoint of PR. TS is parallel to PQ (ii) STR is congruent to STQ (SAS) so QT = TR =

1 PR 2

3.(i) Join P to X. In QPX S is the midpoint of QP and T is the midpoint of QX. ST is parallel to PX Join P to Y. In RPY T is the midpoint of RP and S is the midpoint of RY. ST is parallel to PY Since PX and PY are parallel and they have a point in common XPY must be a straight line. (ii) From (i) ST =

1 1 1 1 1 PX and ST = PY Adding gives 2ST = (PX + PY) = XY ST = XY 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 QR QR = XY 2 2 4


XY = 2QR

But In PQR, ST =

4. Let ST cut QR at M SQM is congruent to triangle SRM (RHS) M is the midpoint of QR. In PQR, MT is parallel to PQ and M is the midpoint of QR T is the midpoint of PR 5. In AHC, M is the midpoint of AC and N is the midpoint of HA MN is parallel to CE. In ABC, M is the midpoint of AC and L is the midpoint of BC ML is parallel to AB. Now CE is perpendicular to AB ML is perpendicular to MN 6.
P A B

D Q C

Extend DC to T such that BT is parallel to PQ. In DBT, OQ is parallel to BT and DO=OB OQ= Extend BA to S such that DS is parallel to PQ. In BSD, OP is parallel to DS and DO=OU OP= But SBTD is a parallelogram BT = DS OQ = OP

1 BT 2 1 DT 2

The Midpoint Theorem and its Converse The midpoint theorem and its converse. A. The line which joins the midpoints
So ST = 1 2 SU = 1 2 QR as opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal. B Let S be the midpoint of PQ. The line ST
CVPU, ST and QR are parallel lines. Given that PS = SQ, then UT = TR Some Further Practice Problems 1. S is
S and T are the midpoints of PQ and PR. QTX is a straight line with QT = TX RSY is a straight line with RS = SY Pr
Answers 1. In ΔPQR, S is the midpoint of PQ and T is the midpoint of PR∴ ST is parallel to QR Let PU cut ST at V. In

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