COVALENTS

BONDS
How Covalent Bond Form
 When two atoms share electrons is called a
covalent bond.
Electron Sharing
 Recall that the noble gases are not very
reactive. In contrast, all other nonmetals
by sharing electrons.
 The force that holds atoms together in a
covalent bond is the attraction each
atom's nucleus for the shred pair of
electrons.
 A molecule is a neutral group of atoms
joined by covalent bonds.
 Double Bonds and Triple Bonds

Two atoms sharing two pairs of

electrons forming and double bond. in a
carbon dioxide molecule (co2) carbon
forms a double bonds with each of two
oxygen atoms.

Elements such as a nitrogen and

carbon can form Triple bonds in which
their atoms share three pairs electrons.
Molecular Compounds
 Is a compound of molecules.
Compared to ionic compounds,
molecular compounds generally have
lower melting points and boiling points,
and they do not conduct electricity
when dissolved in water.
Low metallic Point and
Boling Points
 The metallic points and boiling points
for a few molecular compounds and
ionic compounds. In molecular solids,
less heat must be added to molecular
solids to separates the molecules and
change the solid to a liquid.
Poor Conductivity
 Mostmolecular compounds do not
conduct electricity. No charged particles
are variable to move, so electricity
cannot flow. Materials such as a plastic
and rubber are used to insulate wires
because these materials are composed
of molecular substances.
Unequal Sharing of
Electrons
 Electrons in a covalent bond is as the
game tug of war.
 Atoms of some elements pull more
strongly on a shared electrons that do
atoms of other elements. As a result, the
electrons are pulled more toward one
atom, causing the boded atoms to have
slight electrical charges.
POLAR BONDS AND
 The unequal sharing of electrons is
enough to make the atom with the
stronger pull a covalent bond.
 A covalent bond in which electrons are
shared unequally is called a polar bond.
 A covalent bond in which electrons are
shared equally is called a non polar
bond.
Attractions between
molecules
 The attraction between positive and
negative electrons pull the molecules
toward each other.
 The attractions between polar an dnon
polar compounds differ because of
differences in attraction.