USING IEEE std 1584-2002

(Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations) TO CALCULATE INCIDENT ENERGY FOR APPLICATIONS UNDER 1kV
Disclaimer: The NESC does not indicate how a utility is required to perform an arc-flash hazard analysis other than considering available fault current, clearing time, and worker distance. There are many variables associated with determining available fault current, clearing time and worker distance, and yet more variables which are considered in determining how to use the requirements of the NESC. Because MLGWs immediate need to address compliance with the requirements of the NESC, I offer the following information, but do not claim significant expertise in this area.

Constants and definitions for voltage < 1000 Volts

Ibf = 3-phase short-circuit current in kA V = line-to-line system voltage in kV G = conductor gap in millimeters K = -0.153 (open air arcs) K = -0.097 (arcs in a box) K1 = -0.792 (open air arcs) K1 = -0.555 (arcs in a box) K2 = 0 (ungrounded or high Impedance) K2 = -0.113 for grounded Cf = 1.5 (for calculations under 1kV)

IEEE 1584 Factors for Equipment and Voltage Classes

System Voltage (kV) 0.208 to 1 Open-Air Switchgear MCC's and Panels Cables Open-Air >1 to 5 Switchgear Cables Open-air > 5 to 15 Switchgear Cables Type of Equipment Typical Conductor Gap (mm) 10 - 40 32 25 13 102 13 - 102 13 13 - 153 153 13 Distance X-factor 2.000 1.473 1.641 2.000 2.000 0.973 2.000 2.000 0.973 2.000

IEEE 1584 Factors for Equipment and Voltage Classes

System Voltage (kV) 0.208 to 1 Open-Air Switchgear MCC's and Panels Cables Open Air >1 to 5 Switchgear Cables Open-Air > 5 to 15 Switchgear Cables Type of Equipment Typical Conductor Gap (mm) 10 - 40 32 25 13 102 13 - 102 13 13 - 153 153 13 Distance X-factor 2.000 1.473 1.641 2.000 2.000 0.973 2.000 2.000 0.973 2.000

Example Application

IEEE std 1584-2002

(Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations)

Calculating Three-Phase Arcing Current (Voltage <= 1kV)

Ia = 10

log (Ia)

Where: Log (Ia)= K + [0.622 * log (Ibf)] + [0.0966*(V)] + [0.000526 * G] + [0.5588 * (V) * (log(bf))] [0.00304 * G * log (Ibf)]

Log (Ia)= 0.662 Log(Ibf) + 0.0966V + 0.000526G + 0.5588V (log (Ibf))- .00304G (log (Ibf)) + K

.662 x Log (Ibf) 0.0966 x V 0.000526 x G 0.5588 x V x log (Ibf) -0.00304 x G x Log(Ibf) +K Log(Ia) =

= .662 x log (50) = .0966 x .48 = .000526 x 32 = 0.5588 x .48 x log(50) = -0.00304 x 32 Log(50) = -0.097 (arc in a box) sum of eqt components

= = = = = = =

1.12472 0.04637 0.01683 0.45570 -0.16528 -0.097 1.38134 24.06

Ia= 10 raised to 1.38134 power =

IEEE std 1584-2002

(Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations) Calculating Three-Phase Incident Energy for Voltage <= 15kV

Ea = 10

log Ea

= Incident Energy

Where: Log Ea= K1 + K2 + [1.081 x (log Ia)] + [(0.0011)*G] Normalized for 610mm (24) and .2s

= Incident Energy Where: Log Ea= K1 + K2 + [1.081 x (log Ia)] + [(0.0011)*G]

Ea = 10

log Ea

(Result is normalized for clearance time of .2s and distance of 610 mm (24 inches))

Ia = 24.06 kA G = 32 mm 1.0811 x Log (Ia) 0.0011 x G K1 K2 Log (Ea) = Ea = J per cm squared multiply by .24

K1 = -0.555 (arc in a box) K2 = -0.113 (for grounded) = 1.0811 x log(24.06) = 0.0011 x 32 = = = = = = = 1.38129 0.03520 -0.55500 -0.0113 0.85019 7.2 1.728

sum of components 10 raised to the Log Ea to get cal per cm squared

Equation if working distance and clearance time are known

E= (4.184)*Cf* Ea*[(t/0.2)*(610x / Dx)]

D = 18 = 457.2mm t = arcing time in seconds = .167 (11cycles) X = 1.473 from table Cf = 1.5 (for V <= 1kV) Ea = 7.2 (from previous slide) E = 57.9 J/cm2 E = 13.8 cal/cm2 (mult by .24)

Was 1.728 at 24 inches and .2s