EEEE4122 - MATLAB & SIMULINK Coursework (2022/23)

(Electrical and Electronic Engineering Fundamentals for MSc students - Autumn)

Student Name: Amoasi Eugene

Student ID: 20468767

IMPORTANT NOTES
• This piece of coursework is worth 20% of the final module marks.
• You are provided with an excel sheet entitled “ExcelSHEETforQUESTION3.xlsx” and an answer
template (YourID&Name_EEEE4122_Matlab&Simulink_ANSWERSheet) in word.
• You must submit your work using the answer template provided and into the submission link
entitled “SUBMISSION LINK FOR SOFTWARE TEST: MATLAB and Simulink”.
• Ensure that you put your name and student ID on the filename.
• Deadline for submission: No later than 3PM (UK time) Wednesday, 23rd November 2022. NO late
submission will be accepted without an approved EC and that the University standard penalty of
5 marks per day after the stated deadline will apply.
• Details of what is an EC (Extenuating Circumstance) can be found in this link:
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/studentservices/services/extenuating-circumstances.aspx
• NOTE: This is an individual assignment. Submitted work will be compared with other students'
work to detect collusion or plagiarism. If identified, students will be subjected to an academic
misconduct hearing.

Question 1
1-a)
i. One of the principal contributions to noisy thermocouple signals is the magnetic
field that is generated by current carrying wires running in close proximity to
the thermocouple lead wires.
ii. Rotating equipment in the furnace which may generate electrostic noise.
iii. When the heat furnace has a potential difference between two grounds which
will result in common mode noise. [1 ] [3 Marks]
1-b)

Figure1: A circuit diagram of a low – pass R-C filter

When the frequency of the input signal is low, the impedance of the capacitor is high
relative to the impedance of the resistor. Thus, most of the input voltage is dropped across
the capacitor (and across the load, which is parallel with the capacitor). When the input
frequency is high, the impedance of the capacitor is low relative to the impedance of the
resistor, which means that more voltage is dropped across the resistor and less is
transferred to the load. Thus, low frequencies are passed, and high frequencies are blocked
[1]. [6 Marks]
1-c)
Cut off frequency is a boundary in a system’s frequency response at which energy flowing
through the system begins to reduce rather than passing through. The formular for
1
calculating cut off frequency for an RC filter circuit is fc= . [2]
2𝜋𝑅𝐶

The chosen cut off frequency for the controlled furnace is 636.6Hz. This cut off frequency
will ensure only required energy is flowing through the furnace and that energy is
not wasted. [3 Marks]

1-d)
Capacitor Sizing Calculation.
1
Fc =
2𝜋𝑅𝐶

1
C=
2𝜋𝑅𝑓𝑐

Where C = capacitor value

R = Resistor value
fc = cut off frequency

1
C=
2𝜋∗10∗10^6∗636.6
= 25 *10-12F

(i) Provide evidence of your capacitor sizing calculation/ analysis. Provide a screen shot
of your circuit.

Figure 2: Screenshot of RC filter circuit.

[(i) 12 Marks]
(ii) Fill the table below.
The results obtained after simulating the various frequencies and input signal strength are
illustrated below.
Table for Question 1-d
Input Signal Frequency Input Signal Strength Output Signal Strength
(Hz) (Vin) (VOut)

60 0.15 -0.01401

10 0.18 -0.01852

1 3.00 -0.004727

0.1 3.00 -0.0004712

[(ii) 4 Marks]
1-e)
Production rate = 127 metric tonnes/hour
Input temperature = 20°C
Output temperature = 1100°C
Cost of Gas per GJ =£39.50p/GJ
Specific heat capacity = 667J/kg K
127∗103 𝑘𝑔∗24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
Production rate for a day =
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠∗𝑑𝑎𝑦

= 3048 *103kg/day

3048∗103 𝑘𝑔∗365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

Production rate for a day =
𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

= 1112520*103kg/yr.

Energy consumed for yearly production= Production rate for the year * Specific Heat
Capacity * Temperature Difference

=1112520 * 103 kg/year * 667J/kg K * (1100-20) K

= 801.415GJ/year

5
Fuel reduction after enhanced plant instrumentation = ∗ 801.415𝐺𝐽/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
100

= 40.07075GJ/year

If 1GJ of fuel cost £39.50p/GJ then, 40.07075GJ/year will be 40.07075GJ/year * £39.50p

= £1582.79

Therefore, £1582.79 will be saved annually after enhanced plant instrumentation

program. [6 Marks]

Total for Question 1 = 34 Marks

Question 2 2-ai)

Figure 3: DC- DC boost converter Circuit.

In order to describe the working principles of Boost converter, I will divide it into two
stages. The ON and OFF stages. Considering the boost converter below, if the switch is
closed, the circuit diagram below is seen. The diode is open because the cathode voltage
is higher than the anode. In this way, the current flows through the inductor in clockwise
direction and the inductor stores some energy by generating a magnetic field.

Figure 4: DC-DC Boost Converter if the switch is closed.

On the other hand, if the switch is opened, as seen in the circuit below.

Figure 5: DC-DC Boost Converter if the switch is opened

Current will be reduced as the impedance is higher. The magnetic field previously created
will be destroyed to maintain the current towards the load. Thus, the polarity will be
reversed (near the left side of the inductor will be negative now). As a result, two sources
will be in series causing a higher voltage to charge the capacitor through the diode.

(ii) switch is ON Switch is OFF

0<t<DT DT<t<T
𝒅𝑰𝒍(𝒕) 𝒅𝑰𝒍(𝒕)
Vin= L Vin-Vout = L
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡−𝑉𝑖𝑛
iL(t) = 𝑡+c iL(t) = 𝑡+c
𝑑𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡−𝑉𝑖𝑛
∆Il(ON) = 𝐷𝑇 ∆Il(OFF) = (1 − 𝐷)𝑇
𝐿 𝐿

In order to obtain an expression for the duty cycle the sum of the on and off current equal
to 0.
∆Il(ON) + ∆Il(OFF) = 0
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡−𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝐷𝑇 + (1 − 𝐷)𝑇 = 0
𝐿 𝐿
1
Vout = 𝑉𝑖𝑛
1−𝐷
𝑉𝑖𝑛
D = 1- [(i) 3 + (ii) 3 = 6 Marks]
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
2-b) (i) estimate the panel’s voltage at maximum power. You may linearly interpolate or
extrapolate between the said temperatures.

Ambient temperature for a hot afternoon in the month of July in Ghana is 29°C.
Let x represent the voltage at 29°C
From the graph,
25°C = 45 volts
29°C = x
40°C = 40 volts
By linear Interpolation,
25−29 45−𝑥
=
40−25 40−45
20 = 15(45 – x)
X = 43.67 volts [(i) 2 Marks]

(ii)input voltage = 43.67volts

Output voltage = 120 volts
If maximum voltage at 29°C is 43.67 volt then its equivalent maximum power will be as
follow.
Let k represents maximum inputs power.
From the graph,
45volts = 250W
43.67volts = k
40volts = 225W
𝟒𝟓−𝟒𝟑.𝟔𝟕 𝟐𝟓𝟎−𝒌
=𝟐𝟓𝟎−𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝟒𝟓−𝟒𝟎
33.25 = 1250 -5k
k = 243.35W

𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝟐𝟒𝟑.𝟑𝟓

Input current = = 𝟒𝟑.𝟔𝟕 = 5.57A
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆

𝑉𝑖𝑛
Duty cycle = 1 − 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
43.67
=1 - 120
= 0.64s
Magnitude of chosen current ripple = 1.2A(max) and 0.8(min)A
Magnitude of chosen output voltage ripple = 3.6volts
Imax=5.57 * 1.2 = 6.684A
Imin = 5.57 * 0.8 = 4.456A
di =6.684 – 4.456 = 2.228A

The time when the MOSFET is switched on.

1
dt = ∗𝐷
𝑓
1
= ∗ 0.64
50∗103
= 0.0000128
= 12.8µs
 𝑑𝑖
Vin =L
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑖𝑛∗𝑑𝑡
L = 𝑑𝑖
43.67∗12.8∗10−6
L=
2.223
L = 251.45µH

𝑑𝑡
C=I*
𝑑𝑣
12.8 ∗10−6
= 5.57 *
3.6
= 19.80µF

120
R= = 21.54𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
5.57

Figure 6: DC -DC Boost Circuit using Simulink

[Design (10) + Model (10) = 20 Marks]

(iii) the plot of inductor current (A) versus time (mS) to clearly show the lower and upper
limits of the linear variation and

Figure 7: A plot of Inductor current against time

(iv) a plot of Vout (V) versus time (s).

Figure 8: A plot of voltage output against time. [(iii) 3 + (iv) 2 = 5 Marks]

 Total for Question 2 = 33 Marks

Question 3

3-a)
The principal goal of a self-organizing map is to transform an incoming data pattern of
random dimension into a one- or two-dimensional distinct map, and to perform this
transformation adaptively in a topologically ordered fashion.
The following looks at how SOM achieve this purpose.
When the SOM receives input data in the form of column matrix, it performs random
initialization of connection strength. This is done by calculating the Euclidean distance
between input vectors and Neuron weights. It therefore updates the neuron weights in
reference to the weight of the winning neuron. It repeats the process until the entire batch
of input vectors had been presented to the SOM. This process continues until epoch is
reached i.e.; similarities are obtained in the inputted data.

[9 Marks

3-b) Provide a screen shot of your syntax/ steps and the imported data in your answer
template.

I imported the data contained in “ExcelSHEETforQUESTION3.xlsx” into the MATLAB

workspace using the “Import Data” option.

1.I downloaded the excel file “ExcelSHEETforQUESTION.xlsx” and placed it in a folder

containing MATLAB directory.
2. I then opened my MATLAP software and clicked on import data button in the home tap.
This opened a folder which contains my MATLAP working directory including my excel file,
“ExcelSHEETforQUESTION.xlsx’’
3. I the clicked on the excel file to open the data contained in it.
4. I selected the numeric section of the data to specify the range of numbers which I want
to import.
5. At the import tap option, I changed the “output type” to numeric matrix since I am
dealing with numbers.

Figure 9: A screenshot of how data was imported into MATLAP

6. I then clicked on import selection which gave me option to import data. After clicking
on import data, My “ExcelSHEETforQUESTION.xlsx’’ was now seen at the workspace
section of my MATLAB interface. Upon clicking on it, my imported data displayed.

Figure 10: Imported data into MATLAP [8 Marks]

3-c) Provide a screen shot of your steps in the MATLAB workspace and the normalised
matrix in your answer template.

Figure 10: Live Script of how data was normalised in MATLAP.

[8 Marks]
3-d) Provide a screen shot of your steps in the MATLAB workspace and the output of the
trained network and comment on the results (for example the similarity between the
sample groups).
All similar sample groups have identical neurons of one (1) and zero (0).

Figure 11: Live Script screenshot of trained network.

[8 Marks]
 Total for Question 3 = 33 Marks

GRAND TOTAL FOR COURSEWORK = 100%

_______________END OF DOCUMENT____________________________

References
1. Kiem, Robert. What Is a Low Pass Filter? A Tutorial on the Basics of Passive RC Filters.
All Abouts Circuit. [Online] May 12, 2019. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-
articles/low-pass-filter-tutorial-basics-passive-RC-filter/.
2. Purnima Singh, Steven Wooding. Cuff Off frequency Calculator. [Online] Omni
Calculator, September 22, 2022. [Cited: November 23, 2022.]
https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/cutoff-
frequency#:~:text=We%20can%20write%20the%20cutoff,c%3D2%CF%80RC1..