BO MON TOAN NG DUNG - HBK

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TOAN 1
GIAI TCH HAM MOT BIEN
BAI 6: KHAI TRIEN TAYLOR

TS. NGUYEN QUOC LAN (12/2007)

CAC NH LY TRUNG BNH

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Cc tr tai x0: > 0 : x (x0 , x0 + ) f(x) f(x0)

Fermat: f at cc tr tai x0 (a,b) & kha vi tai x0 f(x0) = 0

Minh hoa hnh hoc:

NH LY ROLL

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Ham f(x) lien tuc tren [a,b], kha vi trong (a, b), f(a) = f(b)
x0(a, b): f(x0) = 0

Minh hoa hnh hoc:

VD: Chng minh phng trnh
4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx (a + b + c)
= 0 co t nhat 1 nghiem thc

trong khoang (0, 1)

Giai: Xet ham phu

NH LY (SO GIA) LAGRANGE

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Ham

f(x)

lien

tuc

tren

c (a, b): f(b) f(a) = f(c)(b a)

Ap dung: Khao sat tnh n
ieu cua ham y = f(x) bang
ao ham
VD: CMinh BThc
arctgx arctgy x y

[a,b],

kha

vi

trong

(a,b)

KHAI TRIEN TAYLOR

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Ham y = f(x) co ao ham tai x0 f(x) f(x0) + f(x0)(x x0)

Cong thc Taylor: f co ao ham cap n+1 tren (a,b); x0 , x(a, b)

n
f ' ' x0
f
x0
2
f f x0 f ' x0 x x0
x x0 ...
x x0 n ?
2!
n!
n

f x
k 0

( n 1)
f k x0
f

c
k
x x0
x x0 n1 , c x0 , x
k!
(n 1)!

d Lagrange
Phan
Rn x

CT Taylor (phan d Peano): f co ham en cap n tren (a,b)

f k x0
f ( x)
x x0 k o x x0 n , x x0
k!
k 0
n

KHAI TRIEN MAC LAURINT

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x0 = 0: Khai trien Mac Laurint (pho bien)

n
f n 0 n
f k 0 k
f ( x) f 0 f ' 0 x
x Rn x
x Rn ( x)
n!
k!
k 0

Phan d Lagrange:
Phan d Peano:

f ( n1) c n1
Rn ( x)
x , c c x 0, x
(n 1)!

Rn ( x) o x n1 , x 0

VD: Khai trien Mac Laurint cua ham a/ ex b/ cosx

Ket qua:

2
n
x
x
e x 1 x ox n1 , x 0
2!
n!
2n
x2 x4
x
n
cos x 1 1
ox 2 n 1 , x 0
2! 4!
2n !

MINH HOA KHAI TRIEN MAC LAURINT

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Minh hoa hnh hoc khai trien Mac - Laurint ham f(x) = sinx

p1 ( x) x
x3
p2 ( x ) x
6
x3 x5
p3 ( x) x
6 120

Chu y: o th a thc
xap x tien dan ve o
th ham c khai trien

KHAI TRIEN MAC LAURINT HAM C BAN

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Ham lng giac: sinx, cosx. Ham tgx (ch en cap ba)

x3 x5

1n1 x 2n1
sin x x
o x 2n , x 0
3! 5!
(2n 1)!

x2 x4

1n x 2n
cos x 1
o x 2n1 , x 0
2! 4!
(2n)!

x3
tgx x o x 4 , x 0
3

Khai trien ex: tach mu chan, le & an dau. cos chan mu chan; sin le

mu le; tg le mu le. K0 an dau shx, chx