THE REGIONAL FORUM ON REINVENTING GOVERNMENT IN ASIA: Towards Transparent and Accountable Governance

United Nations Government Centre (UNGC) and United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) in partnership with the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Jakarta, November 14-16, 2007

CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

By Komarudin Expert Staff in Management System Ministry of State for Administrative Reform Republic of Indonesia

CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Central, Regional, and Local Government Towards Good Local Governance Caracteristics of Good Local Governance Strengthening Local Government Capacity Lessons Learned Accountability in Local Government Decentralization Toward Good Local Governance Subject to be Discussed Challenges/ Issues, Recommendations and Strategies: a. Capacity Building, Education and Training b. Accountability c. Government Innovations

CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

1. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT 2. REGIONAL GOVERNMENT (PROVINCES) 3. LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DISTRICT AND SUB-DISTRICT) 4. DECENTRALIZATION
STRENGTHEN CAPACITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT CREATE EFFECTIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY BUILDING PARTICIPATION TRANSPARENCY ACCOUNTABILITY

TOWARD GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Catalytic Government Community-Owned Government Competitive Government Mission-Driven Government Results-Based Government Customer-Driven Government Enterprising Government Anticipatory Government Decentralized Government Market-Oriented Government

TEN CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

1. EQUITY 2. SUPERVISION / CONTROL 3. LAW ENFORCEMENT / RULE OF LAW 4. RESPONSIVENESS 5. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY 6. PARTICIPATION 7. PROFESSIONALISM AND COMPETENCE 8. ACCOUNTABILITY 9. STRATEGIC VISION / VISIONARY 10.OPENNES AND TRANSPARENCY
SOME ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Democracy, Responsibility, Decentralization, Commitment to Inequality and Poverty Reduction, Environment Protection, and Fair Market

GOOD GOVERNANCE (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)

1. UK-ODA: legitimation, accountability, competence, law, and human rights 2. WORLD BANK: participatory, accountability, predictability / rule of law, transparency 3. Govt. of Singapore: Service with CARE Courtesy, Accessibility, Responsibility, Effectiveness 4. Govt. of Australia: focuses on FLAT Fairness, Law, Accountability, Transparency

STRENGTHENING LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY

? Build Good Local Governance ? Strengthening the capacity of local communities to generate sustainable income ? Local Government Stakeholders and Actors Analysis Framework ? Local Government Capacity Building Activities ? A Holistic Approach Framework to Local Capacity Building (John-Mary Kauzya, 2004) FOCUS -- STRATEGIC ACTION -- ACTIVITY Individuals and Teams --- Institutions --Environment --- Facilitation

LESSONS LEARNED
1. CHINA: strong adaptive capability 2. KOREA: government innovation 3. MONGOLIA: flow of information in local government 4. THE PHILIPPINE: local governance performance management system 5. BEST PRACTICES OF GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN INDONESIA: Solok, Jembrana, Sragen, Karanganyar, Pekanbaru, Tarakan, and Banjarbaru 6. TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR CIVIL SERVICE SERVANTS: ASIAN COUNTRIES: Cambodia, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippine, Thailand, and Vietnam

ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Participation and Participatory Government Accountability and Accountable Government Accountable Local Governance Transparency becomes one of key values with Accountability Transparency and Transparent Government Transparent Local Governance Making Local Governance Accountable and Transparent (Gerry Stoker, 2005) 8. Government Performance Accountability System (Indonesia) since 1999 9. Implement Regional Government Innovation 10. Build a Credible, Transparent, Accountable, and Professional Nation

DECENTRALIZATION TOWARD GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE

1. DECENTRALIZATION
2. DECENTRALIZING GOVERNMENT 3. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DECENTRALIZATION 4. ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION (DECONCENTRATION, DELEGATION, AND DEVOLUTION) POLITICAL-, FISCAL-, AND ECONOMICDECENTRALIZATION

5. Strong Public Empowerment Mechanism 6. Priorities, Plan and Program related to respective regions

SUBJECT TO BE DISCUSSED
1. Participation, Transparency, and Accountability 2. Education, Training, and Awareness Programs 3. Transparent and Accountable Government 4. Central-, Regional-, and Local Government 5. Strengthening Local Governance Capacity 6. Decentralization and Decentralizing Governance 7. Empowerment and Empowering Local Organizations and Communities 8. Effective Local Governance 9. Capacity of Local Government 10. Accountability of Local Government 11. Think Globally, Commit Regionally, and Act Locally 12. Poverty Alleviation and Pro-Poor Policies 13. Accountability-, Financial-, Political-, and Administrative Accountability is the pillar of Good Governance / Good Local Governance 14. Innovation and Government Innovation: Adopting and Putting into Use a New Idea, Practice or Object (OECD, 2006) 15. Innovation: Invention, Breakthrough, Improvement, and Change (UNDESA, 2005)

CHALLENGES / ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND STRATEGIES IN STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
THREE MAIN CHALLENGES OR ISSUES IN STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 1. Lack of capacity and capability of civil servants at local government 2. Lack of basic understanding of reinventing government, good governance, good local governance and of the related issues, participation, transparency, accountability, and government performance accountability system 3. Wrong direction of decentralization, lack of community participation and empowerment, weak leadership, weaknesses on policy formulation, business process, management system RECOMMENDATION FROM BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR COUNTRIES WITHIN THE REGION THAT ARE SEEKING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1. Education and Training-Based Performance and Competence 2. Strong Commitment in Implementing Local Government Accountability 3. Government Innovation to Build Local Government Competitiveness and Trust Local Government STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE SUB-REGIONAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION TO DEAL WITH THE CHALLENGES 1. Coordination, Integration, and Synchronization on Education and Training for Civil Servants of Local Government and Pilot Projects, Research and Development, and Study Visit 2. Socialization, Dissemination, Workshops on Government Regulation (Government Performance Accountability, Financial Reporting), Best Practices, Pilot Projects, Comparative Studies, Lessons Learned, Exchange Experience 3. Strong Leadership, Shifting Paradigm, Mind-Set, Culture-Set, Ethic Code, Code of Conduct, Management System, Citizens Participation, and Customer Oriented Government

CHALLENGES / ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND STRATEGIES IN STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

THREE MAIN CHALLENGES OR ISSUES IN STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 1. Lack of capacity and capability of civil servants at local government 2. Lack of basic understanding of reinventing government, good governance, good local governance and of the related issues, participation, transparency, accountability, and government performance accountability system 3. Wrong direction of decentralization, lack of community participation and empowerment, weak leadership, weaknesses on policy formulation, business process, management system

CHALLENGES / ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND STRATEGIES IN STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

RECOMMENDATION FROM BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR COUNTRIES WITHIN THE REGION THAT ARE SEEKING TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1. Education and Training-Based Performance and Competence 2. Strong Commitment in Implementing Local Government Accountability 3. Government Innovation to Build Local Government Competitiveness and Trust Local Government

CHALLENGES / ISSUES, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND STRATEGIES IN STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE SUB-REGIONAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION TO DEAL WITH THE CHALLENGES 1. Coordination, Integration, and Synchronization on Education and Training for Civil Servants of Local Government and Pilot Projects, Research and Development, and Study Visit 2. Socialization, Dissemination, Workshops on Government Regulation (Government Performance Accountability, Financial Reporting), Best Practices, Pilot Projects, Comparative Studies, Lessons Learned, Exchange Experience 3. Strong Leadership, Shifting Paradigm, Mind-Set, CultureSet, Ethic Code, Code of Conduct, Management System, Citizens Participation, and Customer Oriented Government