WELCOME TO ALL YOU

Introduction to Energy & Its Aspects

At I.C.R.E. GARGOTI by C.B. Laykar Junior Engineer , MSEDCL .

Energy is defined as : The ability to do work Why it is Required :To Survive human & animal being on the earth which is one for all us. Samples of Activity that requires energy for Human Activities Minimum to Survival 1000 Kcal. White Collar work 2000 Kcal. Various Construction activities 5000 Kcal.

Big bang- formation of the Universe- 13.7 b years. Evolution of life on the Earth - Solar Energy Man and animal - 4-5 million B.C. Muscular Energy of Man - Food Collection - Fetching of Water

- Security

Muscular Energy of Animals - Agriculture - Fetching of Water - Transport - Security

 Energy is broadly classified into two forms Potential Energy - Chemical , Nuclear , Stored Mechnical , Gravitational. Kinetic Energy -Electric , Radiant , Thermal , Motion , Sound

Law

of

Conservation

of

The law of conservation of energy is an empirical law of physics. It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time (is said to be conserved over time). Energy Cannot be created or distroyed but can be converted from one form to another with loss in the form of thermal energy. The heating value or calorific value of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is a characteristic for each substance. It is measured in units of energy per unit of the substance, usually mass, such as: kcal/kg, kJ/kg, J/mol, Btu/m. Heating value is commonly determined by use of a

Energy

Heating value

Basics of energy resources

- Commercial and noncommercial energy resources - Primary and Secondary energy resources - Fossil and nonfossil resources - Renewable and nonrenewable resources - Polluting and nonpolluting resources - Indigenous and important resources

Bio energy Coal Crude Oil Natural Gas Hydro Nuclear Solar Wind Geothermal Tidal

Energy Resources

COMPARISON OF ENERGY RESOURCES

Calorific value of a fuel

The calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat produced by its combustion, at constant pressure and under normal conditions. ( i.e. 00C and under pressure of 1.013 mbar) kcal / kg, MJ / kg
Calorific value of Different Fuels
Fuels Commercial fuels Coal gross calorific value)a Hard coal Lignite brown coal Charcoal Petroleum products (net calorific value) LPG Gasoline/naphtha Kerosene Jet fuel Fuel oil Natural gas Values Biomass Agricultural residues Paddy straw Rice husk Mango leaves Groundnut Sugarcane Wheat straw Cotton stalks Maize stalks Maize cobs Bajra stalks Gram straw Masoor straw Moong straw Forestry residues Wood wastes Bark Animal wastes Cow dung Cow dung cake

5000 2310 6900 10800 10500 10300 10400 9600 8000 - 9480 860

3000 3040 3390 4200 3800 3800 4700 3500 3850 3950 3810 3980

2500 - 3850 2500 - 2850 3290 3140

Global population-last 2.5million years

Relative Energy Consumption (1990 = 1.0)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000 l

Industrialised Countries Developing Countries Total World

l 2100

2050 Year Prediction of World Energy Consumption 2000-2100

World Population and Energy/Electricity Demand

Sr. No.

Name of Primary Fossil Fuel / Source

Projected Demand in Million Of Tonnes of Percentage of Oil Equivalent At The End of 2030 Share

1 2 3 4 5 6

Oil Natural gas Coal Nuclear Energy Hydro-Electricity Renewable Energy Total

5500 4000 3600 850 450 650 15050

36.54 26.58 23.92 5.65 2.99 4.32 100

PROJECTED DEMAND OF ENERGY RESOURCES FOR YEAR 2030

Sr. No.

Name of Primary Fossil Fuel Source

Reserve /Production Ratio At The End of 2011

1 2 3

Oil Natural gas Coal

54.2 63.6 112

WORLDS ENERGY RESOURCES POSITION FOR YEAR 2011

Sr. No. Name of Primary EnergyProven Reserves of India & Availability At TheReserve source End Of Year 2011 Ratio 1 Oil 5.7 ( Thousands of Million Barrels) 2 Natural gas 1.2 ( Trillion Cubic Meters) 3 Coal 60600 (Million Tonnes) 4 Nuclear Energy 49.8 ( Thousand Tonnes of Uranium) 5 Hydro-electricity 660 (TWh/Yr.) 6 Renewable Energy 118000 ( Mega Watt) to Production 18.2 26.9 103 ----------

INDIAS ENERGY RESOURCES POSITION FOR YEAR 2011

Sr. No.

Year

Energy Requirement in Availability in MU. MU. Deficit MU -78429 -92849 -96367 % Age -9.3 -10.6 -10.3

1 2 3

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

840544 876856 933741

762115 784006 837374

INDIAS ENERGY DEMAND & SUPPLY POSITION FOR YEAR 2009 TO 2011
Sr. No. Year Peak Demand in MW Net Availability in MW 118794 126951 136193 103794 111533 118676 Deficit MW % Age -14978 -15418 -17517 -12.6 -12.1 -12.9

1 2 3

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

INDIAS PEAK ENERGY DEMAND & SUPPLY POSITION FOR YEAR 2011

Sr. No.

Year

Peak Demand

Energy

Demand Availability Surplus Requireme Availability Surplus (MW) (MW) (+)/Deficit (-) nt (MU) (MU) (+)/Deficit (-)

MW

% Age

MU

% Age

2009 -10 2010 -11 2011 -12

18900

15019

- 3881- 20.54

136800

94486

42314 30.93 - 11.6 13184 - 18.9 23509

18700

14219

- 4481

- 24

113191

100007

20200

14678

- 5522 -27.3

124632

101123

MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY DEMAND & SUPPLY POSITION FOR YEAR 2009 TO 2011

Sr. No.

Sector

Energy Energy Percentage Avoided Consumed in Conservation of Energy Generation Billion KWH. Potential in Saving due to Billion KWH Potential Conservation in MW.

1 2 3 4 5

Industry Domestic Agriculture Pumping Municipalities Commercial Building /Establishments with load more than 500 KW

265.38 120.92 92.33 12.45 9.92

18.57 24.16 27.79 2.88 1.98

6.99 19.98 30.09 23.13 19.95

2114.07 2750.46 3163.71 327.87 225.41

Total

501.00

75.38

15.04

8554.52

INDIAS SECTORWISE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL

Sr. No.

Name of Program

Electricity Saved Avoided Generation in in MU MW.

1 2 3

Standard & Labeling Saving due to Energy Conservation Award Energy saving due Designated Agency to programs by State

4369 2450.6 4588.25

2468.9 358.6 855.66

Energy conservation Building Code (ECBC 2007)

144

27.5

Bachat Lamp Yojana TOTAL

24 11575.85

20 3730.66

INDIAS ENERGY SAVING ACHIEVED IN YEAR 2009- 10

INDIAS CAPACITY ADDTION ACHIEVED IN YEAR 2009- 10

Energy Scenario Summary

1 2 Energy is essential for development which improves the quality of life. Out of 6.5 b population of the planet, 2 b people do not have access to energy, hence live in poverty. Population control is the most effective factor in improving the economy. 60 % energy increase, over 2000, is forecast for the year 2050. Increasing use of energy is causing climate change, acid rain, increase in energy prices and depletion of recourses . All nations must agree urgently on reduction of CO2 emissions. 5 Energy conservations increasing efficiency in generation and utilization is very essential. Changes in life styles in developed nations is urgently needed. Geopolitical problems will arise because of shortage of energy resources, supply control, prices etc.

3 4