SOL 2011 Issue 2

1 nrhy; ,uz; lhk; miuahz; L 2011
,uz; lhk; miuahz; L - 2011

ISSN 1391-958X
nfsut Mrpupia
gj; kh Nrhkfhe; jd;
ruit Nehf;F
Ffepjp FfNerd;
ml;il kw;Wk; gf;fq;fs; tbtikg;G
NtyhAjk; n[ar; rpj; uh
ml;ilg; glq;fs;
rr; rpdp ngNuuh
rQ;rpif ntspaPL
ngz; fs; njhlu; G Clfq; fSf; fhd $l; likg; G>
56/1> rurtp Nyd; > fhry; tPjp>
nfhOk; G 8> ,yq; if.
njhiyNgrp : 94-11-5632045/5635900
njhiyefy; : 94-11-2690192
kpd; jghy; : wmcsrilanka@gmail.com
ngz; zpaj; jpd; kfj; Jtk;
ehk; nrhy;y
tpUk;GtJ...
ahz;ikr; r%fkhfj; jd; tuyhw;iw Muk;gpj;J
itj;j ngz;zpdj;jpd; xU fzprkhd gFjp ,d;W
jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fSk; mtu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; rthy;fSk;
vd ehk; milahsg;gLj;jp mf;fiw nfhs;Sk; tifapy; epiyik vk;ik
,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wJ.
FLk;gr; rq;fpypia Mz;fspYk; ghu;f;ff; $ba mf;fiwAld; nfhz;L
nry;Yk; ngz;fs; jkf;F Kl;Lf; fl;ilahf Kuz; nfhLf;Fk; rthy;fisr;
rkhspg;gjw;F Vw;w tifapy; Nrhu;e;J Nghfhky; jsu;e;J js;shlhky;
kpFe;j Jzpr;rNyhLk; jd;dk;gpf;ifNahLk; epiyikfisf; ifahz;L
ntw;wpfhz Ntz;Lnkd;w Nehf;fj;jpw;F ,t;tpjo; Jiz NghFkhapd; vkJ
Nehf;fj;jpd; rpygbfis ehk; fle;J tUfpd;Nwhk; vd;w ek;gpf;if ek;ik
NkYk; tsu;j;Jr; nry;Ynkd ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
FLk;g tho;f;if vd;gJ xU fuj;jhy; khj;jpuk; jl;br; rj;jnkOg;Gk;
rq;fjpay;y. Mz;-ngz; vd;w ,UtuJk; rkkhd xj;Jiog;GNk
,ize;jjhf mika Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; vkJ rKjhaf; fl;Lf;
Nfhg;gpd; gb mjpfk; jhf;fKWNthu; ngz;fSk; Foe;ijfSNkahthu;.
nghUshjhuk; cs;spl;l gy;NtW gpur;rpidfshYk; Vkhw;wKw;W
tpuf;jpAw;w ngz;fspd; xOf;fk; $lf; fl;Lg;ghbd;wpr; rpije;J Nghtij
,d;iwa #o;epiyapy; vk;khy; juprpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,tu;fsJ ghjpg;igf;
fz;Zf;$lhff; fz;L nfhz;L Jd;gj;ij vjpu; nfhs;sf; $ba
re;ju;g;gq;fs; Vw;gLtJ xUGwk;. ,J jtpu ,j;jifa #oypdhy; rKjha
tsu;r;rp ngUk; jhf;fj;jpw;F cs;shFk; vd;gijAk; ehk; kdk; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jr; rpf;fy;fisr; rPuw;w rk;gtq;fis ntWkdNt RNyhfq;fis
cr;rupg;gJ Nghy; ehk; Xjpf; nfhz;Nlapuhky; cldbahfg; nghUj;jkhd
nraw;ghLfspy; fhY}d;wpg; gpur;rpidfSf;F Vw;wthW jPu;Tfisf; fz;L
gpbj;Jj; Jaupdhy; thoj;JtOk; ngz;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jp kWkyu;r;rp
nfhs;s topfhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj vkJ Mj;khu;j;j vz;zg;ghlhFk;.
vdNt ,j;jifa #oiy khw;wpaikj;Jj; jdpikapy; Jd;Gw;W
mtjpAWk; ngz;fspd; tho;T RgPl;rkilaTk;> Foe;ijfSf;F xU rpwe;j
vjpu;fhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gTk; KOkdNjhL rfyUk; ghLgl Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijNa cuj;Jr; nrhy;yp itf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.
jh
M.h;
S:qe 0:i
rQ;rpifapd;
,uz;lhk; miuahz;L
,johdJ ,j;jUzj;jpy; cq;fs;
fuq;fspy; fpilj;Js;sJ. ,dptUk;
tUlq;fs; njhlu;ghf rhjfkhd
vjpu;ghu;g;Gfisf; fl;bnaOg;gpf;
nfhs;tjw;F vkf;Fs;s mtfhrk; kpfTk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhfNt cs;sJ. 2010 Mk;
Mz;L njhlf;fk; cyf mopT vdg;gLk;
vjpu;T$wiy fUj;jpw; nfhs;shJ Gwk;
js;spdhYk;> ,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w
cs;sf neUf;fbfspd; kPJ cyfg;
nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp> gy;tifg;gl;l
,aw;ifg; NguopTfs;> gyk; tha;e;j
murpay; kw;Wk; ,uhZt nraw;ghLfspd;
fhuzkhf cyfk; KOtJk;
,lk;ngWfpd;w r%f uPjpahd gpur;rpidfs;
vd;gtw;iwAk; Nru;f;Fk;NghJ cz;ikapy;
,Us; #o;e;j vjpu;fhyNk vk;Kd;
fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wJ.
ghupa nghUshjhu neUf;fbfspypUe;J
tpLgLtjw;fhf INuhg;gpa xd;wpakhdJ
rPdhtpd; cjtpiaf; Nfhup epw;fpd;wJ.
vjpu;tUk; tUlk; elhj;jg;glTs;s
[dhjpgjpj; Nju;jYf;Fj; jahuhfptUk;
If;fpa mnkupf;ff; Fbaurpd; ,U gpujhd
murpay; fl;rpfSk; jiyikj;Jtg;
gpur;rpidf;F rkkhf Kfq; nfhLj;Js;sJ.
,jw;Fr; rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd;du;
muG ehl;L tre;jk; vd;w ngaupy;
midtupdJk; Mrpapidg; ngw;w tl
Mgpupf;f r%f vOr;rpfs;> xt;nthU
ehl;bYk; jPu;f;fg;glhj cs;sf uPjpahd
kjk;> ,dk; vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l jdpj;Jtkhd Nkhjy;fs;
vOtjd; fhuzkhf ,g;NghJ
tPo;r;rpaile;J tUfpd;wd. rjhk; cird;>
x]hkh gpd;Nyld;> Kmk;khu; flhgp
vd;Nghiu gLnfhiy nra;tjd; %yk;
kl;Lk; <uhf;> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> ypgpah
Mfpa ehLfSf;F [dehafj;ijf;
nfhz;Ltu Kbahnjd;gij jw;fhy
Vfhjpgj;jpathjpfs; Gupe;J nfhz;L
tUfpd;wdu;.
,g;ghjfkhd midj;Jf; fhuzpfSf;F
kj;jpapYk; vkJ vjpu;ghu;g;gpd;ikf;Fr;
rthy; tpLfpd;wJk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gfis kyur;
nra;fpd;wJkhd rk;gtq;fs; ,y;yhkYk;
,y;iy. ,tw;wpw;F kj;jpapy; Occuy wall
street vd;w ngaupy; If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpy;
Muk;gkhfpa kf;fs; ,af;fj;ij
tpNrlkhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W
,e;j ,af;fkhdJ mnkupf;fhtpd; rfy
efuq;fSf;Fk; gutp mq;Fs;s tFg;G> taJ.
,d> r%f uPjpahd gbepiyfs; Nghd;w
r%f Kuz;ghLfisf; fle;J nrd;W
%lj;jdkhd Kjyhspj;Jt mjpfhupfSf;F
ghupa rthnyhd;iw tpLj;J tUfpd;wJ.
cyf Kjyhspj;Jt muq;fpy; rLjpahf
tsu;e;J tUfpd;w el;rj;jpukhfpa rPdhtpYk;
,jw;Fr; rkhe;jukhf cUthfp tUfpd;w
kdpj cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd
,af;fq;fs; rPd murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;>
r%fj;jpw;Fk; ghupa rthy;fis tpLj;J
tUfpd;wd. fle;j ehl;fspy; tPl;Lf;fhtypy;
rpiw itf;fg;gl;L gy;tifg;gl;l Jd;g
Jauq;fSf;F Kfq; nfhLj;J tUfpd;w
ghu;itg; Gyd; mw;w rl;lj;juzpahfpa
nrd;Ftd;nrq;f; vd;gtiu re;jpg;gjw;fhf
rPdhtpd; gy khfhzq;fspypUe;Jk;
r%f nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; mzpjpuz;L
tUtjhf mwpf;if $Wfpd;wJ. nrd;
ntspahl;fSld; njhlu;Gfisg;
NgZtJ jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tuJ
tPl;ilr; Rw;wp fLikahd ghJfhg;Gg;
Nghlg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;iwf; fUj;jpw;
nfhs;shJ ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fsplk;
mbAk;> cijAk; thq;fp ,tuJ tPl;ilj;
Njb tUfpd;wtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
nrhy;
vs;ssTk; Fiwtilatpy;iy. nrd;
mtu;fis kf;fs; ghu;f;fr; nry;tJ jw;NghJ
rPdhtpy; r%f ,af;fkhf khwptUfpd;wJ.
,yq;ifapYk; Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;duhd
fhyfl;lk; rpf;fyhdjhfTs;sJ.
Rkhu; %d;W jrhg;jq;fshf
rpijtile;j ,yq;ifr; r%fj;ij kPsf;
fl;bnaOg;Gtnjd;gJ Aj;jj;jpdhy;
mjpfkhfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l rKjhaq;fis
kPs r%fkag;gLj;JtjhFk;. Nghu;f;fsj;jpy;
kuzpj;j my;yJ mq;ftPdkile;j
,uhZt tPuu;fs; njhlu;ghf vt;tsTjhd;
ngUikabj;Jg; NgrpdhYk; ,tu;fsJ rpy
FLk;gq;fisr; Nru;e;j tpjitkhu;fspd;
epiyik ngupJk; ftiyf;fplkhdJ.
gaq;futhjj;ijj; jLf;Fk; Nghu;itapy;
,yq;if murpayikg;gpd; %yk;
ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;w cupikfisg;
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd rfy [dehaf
epWtdq;fSk; nghwpKiwfSk;
gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rk cupikiaf; Nfhup ,yq;ifj;
jkpo;kf;fspd; jiytu;fshy; 1950
Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l
Nghuhl;lk; nfhû Aj;jkhf khwp
KO ehl;ilAk; tpOq;fpf; nfhz;lJ.
,jd; ngWNgWfis ehk; ,d;W$l
mDgtpj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;
vz;zpf;ifapy; rpWghd;ikapduhfpa
kf;fisr; rpWikg;gLj;jpf; ftdpf;Fk;
ghtidapypUe;J tpLgLtjw;F
vkJ murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; ngUk;ghyhd
murpay;thjpfSf;Fk; Kbatpy;iynadj;
njupfpwJ. gq;Nfw;G [dehafj;jpd;
epoy;$l fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;gLtjhf
,y;iy. ehl;Lf;Fj; jhf;fk; Vw;gLj;Jk;
gpujhd tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghfj;
jPu;khdq;fis tFf;Fk; nraw;ghlhdJ
vk;ik mwpahkNyNa kf;fsJ
thf;Ffspdhy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;w
gpujpepjpfspd; iffspypUe;Jk; eOtpr;
nrd;Ws;sJ. Coy;> Nkhrb> vd;git
mur epWtdq;fSf;Fs; kl;Lkd;wp
jdpahu; epWtdq;fspYk; Mokhf
Nt&d;wpAs;sJ. mgptpUj;jpnadg;gLtJ
nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp kl;Lky;y
vd;gij eilKiw uPjpahfTk;>
Nfhl;ghl;L uPjpahfTk;> nghUshjhu
ty;Ydu;fs; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;s NghjpYk;
,yq;ifapy; rfy khtl;lq;fspYk;
VNjh xU ghupa Nkw;gug;Gf; fl;likg;Gf;
fUj;jpl;lnkhd;W kf;fs; gq;Nfw;gpd;wp
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; mgptpUj;jpapd; ngaupy;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. murhq;fj;ij
tpku;rpf;fpd;wtu;fs; gaq;futhjpfshfTk;>
Njrj;JNuhfpfshfTk; gfpuq;fkhf
Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. cyfpy;
Clftpayhsu;fSf;F kpfTk; Mgj;jhd
ehLfspy; ,yq;if Kjd;ik tfpf;fpd;wJ.
,f;fhuzpfspd; kj;jpapy; ,yq;ifg;
ngz;fspd; cupikfs; rhu;ghf Fuy;
vOg;Gk; vk;ikg; Nghd;Nwhu; Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba eltbf;if ahJ vdg;
ghu;j;jhy;> Gjpa tUlj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy;
rkj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; kdpj cupikfSf;Fk;
kjpg;gspf;fpd;w r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;
rthNy vk;Kd;Nd cs;sJ. ,jw;fhf
fle;j tUlj;jpYk; fle;Jnrd;W
nfhz;bUf;Fk; tUlj;jpYk; ,yq;if
murhq;fk; kdpj cupikfs; nghwpKiwapd;
Kd;dhy; Njhd;wpg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l
tpjg;Giufis epidT$u;tJ
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Vnddpy;> Nkw;gb
tpjg;Giufis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf
jk;khy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;
njhlu;ghf murhq;fk; kPz;Lk; mwpf;ifapl
Ntz;bAs;sJ. ehk; ngz;fs; njhlu;ghf
$ba ftdQ; nrYj;Jfpd;w xU
rQ;rpifnad;gjhy; ,tw;Ws; ngz;fs;
kPJ jhf;fk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w tpjg;Giufs;
njhlu;ghff; ftdQ; nrYj;JNthk;.
vjpu;tUk; tUlj;jpy; ,yq;if
muR mjd; ngz;fs; rKjhaj;jpd;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba rl;luPjpahdJk; nfhs;if
uPjpahdJkhd khw;wq;fs; gytw;wpd;
rpy: muR xU FLk;gj;jpw;F fhzpfis
toq;Fk;NghJ rk cupikahsuhf
ngz;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk; tifapy;
fhzp mgptpUj;jpr; rl;lj;ijj; jpUj;Jjy;>
jpUkz tho;tpy; ,lk;ngWfpd;w ghypay;
uPjpahd gyhj;fhuq;fis Fw;wkhfr;
rl;luPjpapy; tiutpyf;fzk; nra;J
jz;lid tpjpf;Nfhitapy; cl;Nru;j;jy;>
jkJ RatpUg;gj;jpy; xd;W Nru;fpd;w
kw;Wk; rl;lg;gb ngupatu;fshf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w xU Nrhbia
Xupdj;jtu;fnsd;w mbg;gilapy;
Fw;wthspfshf;Fk; rl;lj;ij ePf;Fjy;>
gfpuq;f ,lq;fspy; epw;fpd;w> ghypay;
njhopyhsu;fnsdr; re;Njfpf;fg;gLk;
ngz;fisf; ifJ nra;tjw;fhf
njUr;Rw;wpr; rl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjid
jilnra;jy;> jpUkzk;> tpthfuj;J
kw;Wk; nrhj;Jupik kw;Wk; nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy; rk;ge;jkhf ,yq;ifapy;
gy;tif kjq;fisAk; gpuNjrq;fisAk;
Nru;e;j ngz;fs; rhu;ghf gy;NtWgl;l
juq;fisg; Ngzp tUtjw;fhf
,lkspf;fpd;w tpNrl rl;lq;fisj;
jpUj;jp ,yq;ifapd; rfy ngz;fSk; xU
rkdhd cupikfis mDgtpf;ff;$ba
tifapy; Gjpa rl;lq;fis tFj;jy;.
fUf;fiyg;Gr; nra;J nfhs;Sk;
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhf tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
jz;lidfis ePf;Fjy;> ,lk;ngau;e;j
ngz;fis kPsf; Fbaku;j;Jk;NghJ
mtu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd tPL> ePu;>
kw;Wk; Rfhjhur; Nritfs; Nghd;w rfy
trjpfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; Mfpad
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhf ,lk;ngWfpd;w
rfy tpjj;jpYkhd ghFghLfisAk;
,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; cld;ghl;bidf;
fz;fhzpf;Fk; FOtpdhy; ,yq;if
muRf;F Kd;itj;Js;s gpNuuizfSs;
rpythFk;.
nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu
cupikfs; gw;wpa cld;gbf;ifiaf;
fz;fhzpf;Fk; FO ,yq;if muRf;F
ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Js;s tpjg;GiufSf;F
kj;jpapy; Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk;
ghypay; njhe;juTfis rl;l
tpNuhjkhf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd
rl;lq;fis ,yq;ifapd; njhopw;
rl;lq;fspy; cl;Nru;j;jy; kw;Wk;
Fbafy;Tg; ngz;fspd; FLk;gq;fisr;
Nru;e;jtu;fSf;Fj; jkJ nghUshjhu>
r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu cupikfis
mDgtpg;gjw;F ,lkspj;jy; vd;gdTk;
cs;slq;Fk;. ,NjNtis gyhj;fhukhfj;
jkJ tho;tplq;fis ,of;fpd;wtu;fSf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd el;l<Lk;> khw;W
tho;tplq;fSk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijAk; FO Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ.
,tw;wpw;F Nkyjpfkhf ,f;FOthdJ
fUf;fiyg;G rk;ge;jkhfTk;> jpUkz
tho;tpy; ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;
rk;ge;jkhfTk; eilKiwapYs;s
rl;lq;fis khw;wpaikf;FkhW ,yq;if
muRf;F mwptpj;Js;sJ. fUf;fiyg;G
rk;ge;jkhd rl;lj;ij jpUj;Jtjw;fhd
Njitia rpWtu; cupikfs; gw;wpa FOTk;
typAWj;jpAs;sJ. ngz;fspd; mgptpUj;jp
kw;Wk; cupikfs; njhlu;ghf mz;ikapy;
murhq;fj;jpw;F xg;gilf;fg;gl;l
kw;WNkhu; nghWg;Gj; njhlu;ghfTk;
ehk; ,q;F ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
mz;ikapy; Kbtile;j 17Mk; rhu;f;
khehl;Lf;Fg; gpd;du; ntspaplg;gl;l
ml;Lg; gpufldj;jpy; (Addu declaration)
tyaj;jpDs; ngz;fis tYT+l;Ljy;
kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ rkj;Jtj;jpid
cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gtw;wpw;fhf
tyauPjpahd nghwpKiwnahd;iw
cUthf;FtJ njhlu;ghff;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
vjpu;tUk; tUlj;jpy;; Nkw;gb rfy
tpjg;Giufs;> Kd;nkhopTfs; njhlu;ghf
murhq;fk; jkJ nghWg;Gfis rupahd
Kiwapy; epiwNtw;Wfpd;wjh vd;gij
mtjhdpf;Fk; tifg; nghWg;G ,yq;ifapd;
ngz;fs; mikg;GfSf;F kl;Lky;y
xl;Lnkhj;j r%f mikg;GfSf;FNk
xg;gilf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjp$ba
[dehaf epiyikapd; fPo; kl;LNk
,g;nghWg;gpidr; rPuhf epiwNtw;w
KbAk;. cjhuzkhf RahjPdkhdJk;>
tYT+l;lg;gl;lJkhd Njrpa kfspu;
Mizf;FOnthd;wpd; Njitg;ghlhdJ
czug;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j Mizf;FOit
];jhgpg;gjw;fhd rl;l tiuG jw;NghJ
gy tUlq;fshfj; jPu;khdq;fis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd murhq;fj;jpd;
gy;NtWgl;l rigfSf;fpilapy; miye;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. vdpDk; cz;ikahd
gpur;rpid kfspu; Mizf;FOitAk;
tpQ;rpr; nry;fpd;wnjhd;whFk;. cld;ghlw;w
jd;ikf;F kjpg;gspf;fpd;w khw;Wf;
fUj;JilNahiur; rfpj;Jf; nfhs;Sfpd;w
kf;fspd; kdpj cupikfis kjpf;fpd;w
epu;thf KiwikAk;> epu;thf tu;f;fj;jpdUk;
,d;wp cz;ikahd [dehafkhf>
r%fkhf vk;khy; khw KbahJ.
mj;jifa [dehafr; rl;lfnkhd;W
,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk vkJ kdpj cupikfs;
rl;lfj;ijj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
nghWg;Gk; tifg; nghWg;Gk; nfhz;l
mj;jifa epu;thf tu;f;fj;jpdiuAk;> epu;thf
Kiwiknahd;iwAk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ
vt;thW vd;gNj vkf;F Kd;dhYs;s
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,tu;fs; ,Ue;jhYk;> MZila
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me;j tUthapNy ehY rPtd;fsJ
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,irfpwhupy;iy.
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gps;isfisg; gf;Ftkhf mioj;Jr;
nry;Yjy; Nghd;w Ntiyfisr;
nra;fpd;whu;. fztd; Iahf;fz;Z
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nfhLf;fpwhs;> rkhspf;fpwhs; vd mwpa
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klq;fspYk; jhk; tho;ehis tpuf;jpAld;
Nghf;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rpy ngz;fisg;
ghu;j;J mtu;fSila kdepiyiaAk;
fUj;JfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s mtu;fis
Neupy; nrd;W ghu;j;Njhk;.
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fye;JiuahlNth kWj;J tpl;ldu;.
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Nehf;fpdhu;. rpyu; VrTk; J}w;wTk; nra;jdu;.
jkJ Mw;whikapdhYk; Nfhgj;jpdhYk;
R+Nlwpa rpyu; vkJ Ntz;LNfhisf;
Nfl;Lj; jpl;bj; jPu;j;jdu;.
Gifg;glk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s ahUNk
cld;gltpy;iy. ,k;Kaw;rpahy;
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njhlu;ghf ehd; ngw;wtw;wpd; rhuk;rj;ij
,q;F Fwpg;gpLtJ mtrpankdf;
fUJfpd;Nwd;.
kyh Rua;ah (1934-2009) jd;Dila
tho;ehspy; epiwNtw;wp
Kbj;jpUf;Fk; gzpfs; ek; fhyfl;lj;ijr;
Nru;e;j cr;rgl;r topghl;Lj; jd;ik tha;e;j
vOj;jhsu;fspy; mtUf;F Xu; ,lj;ij
cWjp nra;fpd;wd.
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ghrk; epiwe;j fz;zPUkha; Ngzp
tsu;j;j> topgLtjw;Fupa me;j jq;f
tpf;fpufq;fspy; ,WjpahfhJ. vq;fs; kz;
rhu;e;j vOj;jhsu;fisg; NgRk;NghJ
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kWtiuaiwf;Fl;gLj;jpatu;. mj;NjhL mtw;wpd; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tbtq;fis
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ruzhfjpahtjd; %yk; milf;fyKk; ghJfhg;Gk; Njbatu;.
nfhz;ltu;fshfr; nraw;gLtjw;F
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fhyj;jpy; mtu;fSila tho;f;ifiar;
rpukq;$bajhf;fTk;> rkaq;fspy;
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fUizNahL tpul;babf;fTk;$l
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nra;aj; jtWtjpy;iy. ,e;j tifahd
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gyjug;gl;l epyq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F
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Magi Nghy; njsptw;W ,Ue;jhYk; $l
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tho;tpd;> r%fj;jpd; epakq;fSk;>
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fkyhjh];> Mq;fpyj;jpy;
vOJk; ,e;jpaf; ftp.
gioa ftpij kugpd;
twz;l mofpaiy>
clypd;> kdjpd;
gupg+uz tpLjiyf;fhfj;
jpahfk; nra;Jtpl mtu;
jaq;ftpy;iy.
kugpd; twz;l mofpaiy> clypd;>
kdjpd; gupg+uz tpLjiyf;fhfj; jpahfk;
nra;Jtpl mtu; jaq;ftpy;iy. mt;thW>
kw;wtu;fSila fdTfspd; vy;iyg;
gFjpfSf;Fs; mDkjp Nfl;fhky;> fjit
cilj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J jd;id Eioj;Jf;
nfhz;L tpLk; El;gj;ijf; fw;Wj; Nju;e;jhu;.
(Mdkiyf; ftpijfs; Anamalai Poems)
khjtpf;Fl;b> kiyahsg; Gidfij
vOj;jhsu;. kiyahs nkhopapy; rpWfij>
Gjpdk; Mfpa ,yf;fpa tifikfspid
kWtiuaiwf;Fl;gLj;jpatu;.
mtw;wpd; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tbtq;fis
khw;wpaikj;jtu;. ,e;jg; GidntOj;J
tbtq;fSf;Fk;> ,irf;Fk;> uPq;fupf;Fk;
je;jpfis> jir ehu;fis cUthf;fpatu;.
fkyh Rua;ah jdJ miye;J fisj;j
rpwFfSf;F my;yhtplk; kpf KOikahfr;
ruzhfjpahtjd; %yk; milf;fyKk;>
ghJfhg;Gk; Njbatu;. my;yh mtiug;
nghWj;jtiu tho;ehnsy;yhk; jhd; ve;j
md;igj; NjbdhNuh> ehbdhNuh mjd;
nkhj;j cUtkhf> fUt+ykhfj; jpfo;e;jhu;
vd;gjhy; mtuplk; milf;fyk; Njbatu;.
mtu; cz;ikahdtuhf> cz;ik
vd;w nrhy;ypd; kpf Mokhd nghUspy;>
,Ue;jhu;. Mdhy;> gyu; fw;gid nra;tJ
Nghy;> mtu; VkhspNah Kl;lhNsh
my;y. cWjpahd kdKk;> rpe;jidAk;
nfhz;ltu;. ,tu; r%fj;ij tprhuizf;F
mjhtJ> FWf;F tprhuizf;F
cl;gLj;jpaJ Nghy; Ntnwe;j ,e;jpag;
ngz; vOj;jhsUk; mtUf;F Kd;G
nra;jjpy;iy. Njitg;gl;lhy; mtuhy; tp\
kf; fhupahfTk;> FWk;Gf;fhupahfTk; ,Uf;f
KbAk;. mtuplk; eifr;RitAzu;Tk;>
ieahz;bj;jdKk; mgupjkhff;
Fbnfhz;bUe;jd. mtUila epidTf;
Fwpg;GfspYk;> ftpijfspYk; ,ij
ed;whfNt fhzKbAk;. kjQ;rhu;
%lek;gpf;iffisg; ghu;j;Jr; rpupj;J mtu;
,];yhk; kjj;ijj; jOtpa gpwFk; mtu;
jdJ ,ay;ig khw;wpf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
mNjNghy;> Mz;-ngz; cwT> mJ rhu;e;j
tp\aq;fs; njhlu;gha; kiyahspfSf;F
,Ue;j kd ,Wf;fq;fs;> fbthsg;
ghu;itfs; Kjypatw;iwAk; mtu;
ntspg;gilahfNt tpku;rpj;J te;jhu;.
ehd; (ehd; vd;gij ,g;nghOJ
kwe;J tpLq;fs;) xU tpliyg;gUtg;
gs;sp khztpaha; ,Ue;j rkak; mtiu
Kjypy; khjtpf;Fl;b vd;w kiyahs
vOj;jhsuhfj;jhd; njupe;J itj;jpUe;Njd;.
me;jr; rkaj;jpy; khj;Ug+kp thu ,jopy;
mtUila vOj;J> Gjpdk; Nghd;w xU
tifg; GidntOj;J Vwj;jho ftpij
Nghd;W gpuRukhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
khj;Ug+kp apd; kNfhd;dj fhykhf
tpsq;fpa me;j ehl;fspy; rpwe;j mwpQUk;>
ftpQUkhfj; jpfo;e;j N.V.fpU\;zthupahu;
MrpupauhfTk;> mtiuj; njhlu;e;J tha;j;j
Gidfij vOj;jhsUk;> jpiug;gl-
cUthf;FdUkhd M.T.thRNjtd;
ehau; MrpupauhfTk; nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;j
me;jf; fhy fl;lj;jpy; khj;Ug+kp apy;
kiyahspfspd; kdj;jpw;F kpf neUq;fpa
ftpQu;fs;> Gidfij vOj;jhsu;fs;
vy;NyhUk; njhlu;r;rpahf ,lk;ngw;W
te;jhu;fs;. khj;Ug+kp thu ,jopy;jhd;
khjtpf; Fl;bapd; Kjy; fijahd
F\;lNuhfp (njhONehahsp) 1942Mk;
tUlk; ntspahfpaJ. mg;nghOJ mtu;
xU rpWkp. ehd; gpwe;jpUf;fNtapy;iy.
1955 Mk; Mz;L ntspahd kjpYfs;
(Rtu;fs;) vd;W jiyg;gpl;l mtUila
Kjy; rpWfijj; njhFjp kiyahs
rpWfijAyfpy; mtUf;F xU epue;ju
,lj;ijg; ngw;Wj; je;Jtpl;lJ.
cs;ta gupzhk tsu;r;rp:
M.T.thRNjtd;ehau;> T.gj;kehgd;
kw;Wk; Nfhtpypd; Nghd;w
gilg;ghspfspd; jiyKiwiar;
Nru;e;jtu; fkyhjh];. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
gilg;ghspfs; midtUNk jq;fSf;F
Kd;gpUe;j vOj;jhsu;fs; ifahz;L
te;j nghJTilikthj> ajhu;j;j tif
vOj;J eiliaf; fle;JNgha; Fw;wTzu;T>
Ntjid> md;gpd;ik Mfpatw;why;
Ml;bg; gilf;fg;gLk;> cUf;Fiyf;fg;gLk;
kdpj cstpaiy> JUtp Muhag;
GFe;jhu;fs;. ,e;j vOj;jhsu;fs;
mtu;fSila Kd;Ndhbahf itf;Fk;
KfkJ g\Piuf; nfhz;l mstpy; r%f
epfo;Tfs; vd;w Gwtaf; fhl;rpfs;>
nfhe;jspg;GfspypUe;J tpyfpg; gazkhfp
cs;takhd czu;r;rpfug; Nghf;Ffspd;
fhl;rpj; Njhw;wq;fis te;jile;jhu;fs;.
kdjpd; gy;NtW epiyfisf; fhl;bYk;
Kf;fpakhditahf> Kf;fpakhf
vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;baitfshf
12 nrhy; ,uz; lhk; miuahz; L 2011 12 nrhy; ,uz; z; z; lh lh lhk; k; k; mmmiuahz; z; z; L 20 20 2011 11 11
mtu;fSf;Fj; Njhd;wpd. mjw;fhf xU
,Wf;fpf; fl;lg;gl;l> tpirahu;e;j>
g+lfkha; mike;j czu;ntOr;rpg;
ghly; tifahd nrhy;tof;if mtu;fs;
cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. mtu;fSila
fijfspy; fijahly; rhu; cs;slf;fk;
kpfTk; nkype;Jtpl;l epiyapy;> tbtk;
vd;gJ kpf mjpf mstpy; mjNdhL
,uz;lwf; fye;j Xu; mq;fkhf
mike;Jtpl me;jf; fijfis NtnwhU
Fuypy; nrhy;ytpayhJ vd;w cz;ik
czug;gl;lJ.
khjtpf;Fl;bapd; vOj;jhf;fq;fspy;
,e;j cs;tag; gupzhk tsu;r;rp
cr;rj;ijj; njhl;lJ vdyhk;. gy
rkaq;fspy; mtUila fijfs; ika
gpk;gk; xd;wpypUe;J tsu;r;rp ngWtjha;>
xU Fwpg;gpl;l kNdhghtk; my;yJ
kdj;Njhw;wj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjha;
cUf;nfhz;ld. mtUila fijfspd;
jiyg;Gfs; $l Xtpaq;fs; my;yJ
ftpijfspd; jiyg;Gfs; Nghy; xypj;jd:
(mtNu rpy fhyk; Xtpak; jPl;b te;jhu;.
mtu; tiue;j epu;thzg; ngz; Xtpaq;fSk;
nrf;]; vd;w ,ufrpakhf mtu;fis
Ml;bg; gilj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; me;jr;
nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lhNy jpLf;fpl;Lg;
Nghfg; gofpa mwpTrhypg; gpupitr;
Nru;e;j kiyahspfis mjpe;J Nghf
itj;jd) mtu; kpff; Fiwthd
msNt Kiwahd fy;tp fw;wpUe;jjhy;
mtUila nrhy; njhFjp kpfTk; FWfpa
tuk;ngy;iyfisf; nfhz;ljhfNt
,Ue;jJ. jtpu> mtu; ngUk;ghYk; Nfus
vy;iyf;F ntspNajhd; tsu;e;jhu;. Mdhy;>
,e;jg; ghjfkhd tp\aj;ij mtuhy;
jdf;Fr; rhjfkhf;fpf; nfhs;s Kbe;jJ.
mtUila fijfspy; kpfr; rpf;fdkhfTk;>
fr;rpjkhfTk; jdf;Fj; njupe;j
thu;j;ijfis mtu; ifahz;l tpjj;jpy;
thu;j;ijfs; vg;nghOJNk mj;jid
Fiwthf Vwj;jho nehWq;fptpLk; Nghy;
mj;jid rd;dkhf ,lk;ngw;wpUf;Fk;
mtUila fijfspy; gy tof;fkhd
Gj;jfj;jhs; mstpy; ,uz;L my;yJ
%d;Wf;F Nky; NghfhJ. Padmavati, the
Harlot (guj;ij gj;khtjp) Nghd;w kpfg;
gpugykhd fijfs; $l mjw;FNky;
ePz;ljpy;iy.
,jpy; xU guj;ij> mUz; Nfhyhl;fupd;
tpijapy; tpNehghTlDk;> Uf;khapAlDk;
Nru;e;J epw;Fkstpy; Gifg;glnkLj;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W Vq;Fk;
tpiykfisg; Nghy;> NfhapYf;Fg;
Ngha;> iee;J jsu;e;j jd;Dila cliy>
Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhu; ePuhbdhYk;
xUNghJk; tw;whj ejpia xj;jpUf;Fk;
jd;Dila cliy Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;gb
flTsplk; Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpwhu;.
ftpijnahj;j fij:
rkaq;fspy; mtUila fijfs;
mg;gOf;fw;w KOepiwthd ftpijfshf
cUf;nfhz;ld. fij nrhy;yy; vd;gjhd
cs;slf;fk; vJTkpd;wp> ntWk;
czu;Tfs; kl;LNk ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jd.
cjhuzj;jpw;F Premattinte Villapakaryam
(fhjYf;fhd ,uq;fw;gh) vd;w fijiaf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. eP vd;Dila md;gd;
vd;Dila ky;ypiff;nfhb gpd;dpg;
glu;tjw;fhfg; gioa ,dpa khkuk; eP.
ehL flj;jg;gl;Ltpl;l kd;dndhUtupd;
Jauhu;e;j xsptl;lj;NjhL vd;Kd;
Njhd;Wfpwha;. cd;id vd; kbapy;
,Uj;jpf; nfhz;L cd;Dila fhaq;fis
Mw;wTk;> cd;Dila mau;itg; Nghf;fTk;
Vq;fpapUe;Njd; ehd;. eP mjpu;\;lrhyp.
mjpu;\;lk; vd;gJk; eP jhd;. eP khrw;wtd;>
mg;gOf;fw;w Nguhz;ikahsd;.
ngz;zpd; Md;khNt eP miye;J
jpupAk; Njhl;lk;. eP vd; mfKk;> GwKk;
epuk;gpapUf;fpwha;. vdf;Fs; gha;e;Njhbf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; nre;ePNuhilfspd;
fiuapy;> Ntl;ilahLtjpy; mYg;Gw;w
kd;ddha; ,isg;ghwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwha;..
cd;Dila fdj;j kpjpabfshy; vd;
jirehu;fis kpjpj;Jj; Nja;f;fpwha;.
neLq;fhyk; Kd;G gl;Lg;Ngha;tpl;l
fhl;L kuq;fspd; Ntu;fs; mit vd;W
vz;zpagb...
rpy fijfspy;> Fwpg;ghf> [hD vd;w xU
tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; fjhghj;jpuj;ijr; Rw;wpg;
gpd;dg;gl;l fijfspy; khjtpf;Fl;b
jd;Dila tStehL tl;lhu tof;if
kpfr; rpwg;ghff; ifahz;bUf;fpwhu;.
VO njhFjpfspy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
mtUila fijfs; fUg;nghUs; uPjpahfTk;
rup fl;likg;G uPjpahfTk; rup cau;
csT gy;tifikiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
mNj rkak;> mtw;wpd; mbg;gilahd
ngz;ikj;jd;ik> kw;Wk; ,aw;ifAldhd
rNfhjupj;Jtk; (mtUila fijfspy;
gwitfSk;> kuq;fSk;> kzw;gug;GfSk;>
tay;ntspfSk;> epynthspAk; epuk;gpj;
jJk;Gfpd;wd) xU nka;ahd gpd;Gykhf
my;yJ Vf;fj;NjhL epidT$Uk;
epyf;fhl;rpahf mtUila fijfspy;
,lk;ngWk; mtUila thoplk;
Mfpatw;why; ,e;jf; fijfs; xd;whfg;
gpize;jpUf;fpd;wd.
kiyahsj;jpy; Gidfijfis
efu;kakhf;Ftjpy; O.V. tp[ad;>
Mde;j;> M.KFe;jd;> NrJ> fhf;fehld;>
Gd;dl;by; F\;d;dg;Jy;yh
Nghd;w etPd; gilg;ghspfNshL
khjtpf;Fl;bAk; xj;jpUg;gtNu
vd;whYk;> mjidj; jdNjahd
gpuj;jpNaf topapy; mtu; ifahz;lhu;.
mtUila efu;g;Gwg; ngz;fnsy;yhk;
ngUk;ghYk; kdr;rpijtpw;F
Mshdtu;fshf> kdg;Nghuhl;lq;fshy;
miyf;fopf;fg;gl;L> cz;ikahd md;G
fpilf;fhjh vd;W Vq;fpj; jtpg;gtu;fsha;
miyf;fope;jthwpUg;ghu;fs;. khwhf>
mtUila fpuhkg;Gwg; ngz;fs;>
ngUk;ghYk; mbj;jl;L tu;f;fq;fisr;
Nru;e;jtu;fshfTk; mjpfj; Jzpr;rYk;>
ntspg;gilj; jd;ikAk; nfhz;ltu;fsha;>
Kjyhsp ,dj;ijAk;> Mzhjpf;f> je;ij
topj; jiyaPLfisAk;> ,ila+WfisAk;
gakpd;wp tpku;rpg;gtu;fshfTk; tUthu;fs;.
NkYk;> mtu;fs; jkf;Fj; jhNk mjpfk;
Kuz;glhjtu;fsha;> jk;kpy; mjpfk;
mikjpAzu;gtu;fsha; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
xU r%fj;jpd; ,Ug;igAk;> ,jkspf;Fk;
,aw;ifapd; ,Ug;igAk; jk;ikr; Rw;wp
czu;gtu;fshf> mt;tifapy; mjpfk;
mikjpAzu;gtu;fshff; fhzyhk;.
khjtpf; Fl;bapd; fijfspy;
ngz;fSk;> ,aw;ifAk; xUtiunahUtu;
Ngzpg; guhkupg;gjhf tsg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tjhff; fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;.
efuj;jpy;$l> nkhl;il khbapy; kpUJthd
khe;jspu; ,iyapd; ,johd tUlyhy;
ngz; mikjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwhs;.
mk;K> ru;f;fu nfhz;nlhU Jyhghuk;
(ru;f;fiuiaf; fhzpf;ifahf;Fjy;)
vd;w fijapy; tUgts;. fhzpf;if
nrYj;Jtjw;fhfj; jd;Dila fztNdhL
FUtha+Uf;F tUif jUfpwhs;. mtSila
gpuhu;j;jidfshy; mts; fztd; gp[P
NehapypUe;J epthuzk; ngWfpwhd;.
Mdhy;> mts; mtNdhL efuj;jpw;Fj;
jpUk;gpr; nry;y tpUk;gtpy;iy. fpuhkj;jpy;
jd;Dila cwtpdd; xU tptrhapahf>
,aw;ifNahL ,iae;j tho;f;if
tho;e;J tUtijg; ghu;j;J kdijg;
gwpnfhLj;J tpLfpwhs; mk;K. ,e;jf; fij
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,jkspf;Fk; ,aw;ifNahL
,iae;J tho;jy; vd;w tpUg;gk;
efu;g;Gwg; ngz;fSf;Fk; ,Ug;gij>
me;j kNdhghtj;ijj; Jy;ypakhf
vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.
mtUila fij
jdpnkhopahy; fl;likf;fg;gl;l
mtUila fijfspypUe;J
Rarupijj;jdkhd mtUila vOj;Jfs;
cUf;nfhz;bUf;f topAz;L. Ente
Katha (vd; fij) ntz;F\;l Neha;f;F
mtu; rpfpr;ir ngw;W te;j fhyj;jpy;
vOjg;gl;lJ. kiyahsehL tPf;yp vd;w
thu ,jopy; njhluhf ntspte;J kpFe;j
gugug;ig cz;lhf;fpaJ. khjtpf;Fl;bapd;
je;ijahd nry;thf;Fkpf;f V.M.ehau;
khj;Ug+kp FOkj;jpd; epu;thf
,af;Fduhf me;jr; rkaj;jpy; ,Ue;jhu;.
(mtUila kuzj;jpd; NghJ vOjg;gl;
ftpijnahd;wpy; fkyhjh]; mtiu
mt;tg;NghJ thiog;go tWtYk;> tha;
epiwa trTfSkhf te;J NghFk; xU
tpUe;jhspahf epidT $Ufpwhu;) vd;
fij gpuRupf;fg;gLtij cldbahf
epWj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtu; khj;UG+kpapd;
gjpg;ghrpupaiuf; Nfhupdhu;. Mdhy;>
jd; vOj;jpy; ek;gpf;ifAk;> ngUikAk;
nfhz;bUe;j vOj;jhsu; ,Wjptiu
mjw;F krpatpy;iy. Vf;fKk;> Ntl;ifAk;
epuk;gpajha;> ,r;irAk; JNuhfKk;
epuk;gpajha; xNu rkaj;jpy; kdij <u;f;ff;
$bajhfTk;> mr;RWj;jf; $bajhfTk;
mike;j xU tho;f;iff;Fs; thrfu;fs;
vspjhff; ftu;e;jpOf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;.
mtUila thrfu;fs;>
kiyahspfSf;NfAupa ghzpapy;> jil
nra;ag;gl;l Mde;jf;fspg;Gfisg; NgRk;
me;jf; fijia Mu;tk; jPug; gbj;jhu;fs;.
gpd;> khjtpf;Fl;bapd;> xOf;fq;nfl;l
fijfSf;fha; mtiu mtJ}W nra;jhu;fs;.
mtu;> me;j moptw;w rpq;fKfg; ngz;
Njtij Kuz;gl;l Jg;Gfisj; jUtjd;
%yk; mtu;fis miyf;fopj;jthwpUe;jhu;.
jhd; vOjpanjy;yhk; mg;gl;l cz;ik:
cz;ikiaj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy vd;W
Kjypy; nrhd;dhu;. gpwF> vd; fij
jdf;Fj; jhNd cUthf;fpf; nfhz;l khw;W
tho;f;ifnad;Wk;> mJ xU fdTkakhd
fw;gidj; jPwNk vd;Wk; mwptpj;jhu;.
ehd; gpd;dhspy; jhd; mtUila
ftpijfSf;F te;J Nru;e;Njd;. 1968,y;
mtUila ftpijj; njhFg;Gfs; Summer
in Calcutta (fy;fj;jhtpy; Nfhilf; fhyk;
1965) Descendants (topj;Njhd;wy;fs;
1967) ,uz;ilAk; gbf;Fk; tha;g;Gf;
fpilj;jJ. NgRk; nghw;rpj;jpuq;fshf
mike;jpUe;j mtUila cUtfq;fSk;
ftpij vd;w fiy tbtk; Fwpj;J mtu;
nfhz;bUe;j> kuG jhz;ba> GJikahd
ghu;itAk;> mZFKiwAk; vd;idg;
ngupJk; ftu;e;jd. ,jw;Fs; ehd; mtuplk;
fbjj; njhlu;G nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jpUe;Njd;.
vd;Dila Muk;g fhyf; ftpijfshd
mQ;R #upad; Nghd;w ftpijfs;
Fwpj;J me;jr; rkaj;jpy; mtu;
jp ,y;yp];l;Null; tPf;fp
M/g; ,e;jpah tpd; ftpijg;
gFjpf;fhd nghWg;ghrpupauhf
,aq;fp te;jhu;. jd; kdkhu;e;j
ghuhl;Lfis mtu;
njuptpj;jpUe;jhu;. gpd;dhspy;
ehq;fs; mt;tg;NghJ Neupy;
re;jpf;Fk; tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ.
ngUk;ghYk;> nghJ
tpohf;fspy;jhd; ehq;fs;
re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;.
,g;nghOJ ehd; mtUila
ftpijfisf; $u;e;J mtjhdpj;J
tuj;njhlq;fpNdd;. mtUila
gpw;fhyj;ija ftpijj; njhFg;Gfshf
Old Playhouse and Other Poems (1976)>
The Best of Kamala Das (1991)> Anamalai
Poems (1992) Kjypatw;iwg; gbj;Njd;.
fkyhjh]; vd;kPJ vj;jid ek;gpf;if
itj;jpUe;jhu; vd;gij czu;e;Jnfhs;Sk;
tha;g;Gk; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. mtUila
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l ftpijfs; mlq;fpa
njhFg;ghd Only the Soul Knows How to
Sing (Md;khTf;F kl;LNk ghlj; njupAk;)
vd;w E}Yf;F ehd; jhd; Kd;Diu vOj
Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtu; tw;GWj;jpa NghJ
nefpo;e;J NghNdd; ehd;. KOikahd
<Lghl;Lld; me;jg; gzpapy; ,wq;fpNdd;.
mtUila cld; rhu; mjPj ftdk;
mf;fiwiaAk;> jd;Dzu;itAk;> jhz;br;
nry;Yk; tpjkha; mtUila ftpijfspy;
,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ. mJtiu milahsq;
fhzg;glhjpUe;j El;gq;fisAk;>
nksdkha; xypj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j
Fuy;fisAk; fz;Lgpbj;J mtw;iw
cupatpjkha; ,dq;fhl;bNdd;. cly;rhu;
mjPj ftdk;> kpifahd jd;Dzu;T Mfpa
jd;ikfis> jdJ murpay;rhu; gq;Nfw;gpd;
%yKk;> kjr;rhu;gpd;ikapd;ghw;gl;l
Md;kPf mf;fiwfspd; %yKk; fle;J
nry;fpwhu; mtu;.
jdpikNa ,ay;gha;> me;juq;fj;ij
ehbj; Njb vg;nghOJk; miygha;e;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU ftpapd;
Mjhuj; jd;ikf;F Kuzhdjha;
xU ghu;itf;Fj; Njhd;wpdhYk;
cz;ikapy; ,it murpay; uPjpahd
kw;Wk; Mzhjpf;f je;ijtopr; rKjha
mlf;FKiwfs;> xLf;FKiwfSf;F
Mshfp Fuy;tis neupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;>
thailf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kf;fNshL
jd;id milahsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
fkyhjhRf;F ,Ue;j jPtpu Ntl;ifia
ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. mtUila Kjy;
ftpijj; njhFjpahd (Summer in Calcutta)
fy;fj;jhtpy; Nfhil vd;w E}y; Mq;fpy
nkhopapy; vOJk; ,e;jpau;fs; my;yJ
,e;jpau;fspd; Mq;fpy nkhopg; gilg;Gfs;
vd;w Jiwapy; xU Gjpa khw;wj;ijAk;>
cj;Ntfj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ vdyhk;.
mtUf;F Kd;ghf Indian Writing in English
vd;w gpuptpy; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j
ep]pk; v]f;fpay;> (Nissim Ezekiel)> lhk;
nkhNu]; (Dom Moraes) njhlq;fp mby;
[P]hthyh (Adil Jussawallah),
A.K.uhkhD[d; tiu vy;NyhUNk
ftpijia mjd; czu;ntOr;rp kw;Wk;
fhjw;ghly; jd;ikapypUe;J mfw;wp>
Kd;gpUe;j gfl;L> Muthuk;> thu;j;ij
[hyr; nrhy;yhly; Kjypatw;wpypUe;J
tpLjiyailar; nra;jpUe;jd.
,tu;fspilNa fkyhjh]pd; Fuy;
jdpj;J xypj;jJ. KOf;f KOf;fg;
ngz;ikj;jd;ik nfhz;lFuy;
mtUilaJ. gy Neuq;fspy; mtw;wpd;
njhdp thf;F%yk; mspg;gjha;>
ntspg;gilj; jd;ikNahL mike;jpUe;jd.
ngz;zpd; Ntl;if Fwpj;Jk;>
nka;ad;gpw;fhd mtSila ,ilawhj;
Njly; Fwpj;Jk; fkyhjh]pd; ftpijfs;
ve;jtpjj; jaf;fKkpd;wpg; Ngrpd. kuG
Fwpj;J mtUf;F ve;jtpj kupahijAk;
,Ue;jjpy;iy. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mtUila
ftpij cUthf;fj;jhy; gy;NtW kuGfs;
rk;gpujhaq;fs; Kf;fpa ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd.
gf;jp ,yf;fpag; ngz; ftpQu;fspd;
vjpu;g;Gj; jd;ik $ba Md;kPf newp>
jkpo;nkhopapd; rq;f ,yf;fpag; ngz;
ftpfspd; ,irg;ghly; jd;ikAk;>
,r;irAk;> Ntl;ifAk; fkyhjh]pd;
ftpijfspy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd. mNjasT
Kidg;NghLk;> El;gj;NjhLk; twpa>
mbj;jl;L kf;fNshL mtu; czu;e;j
xUik> mtu;fSila typfisAk;>
NtjidfisAk; mtu; czu;e;J nfhz;l
jd;ik> kw;Wk; mtUila jhahu; ftp
ghyhkzp mk;khSila ftpj;Jtj;jpd;
ikag;Gs;spahf tpsq;fpa td;Kiw Fwpj;j
vjpu;g;Gzu;T> ntWg;Gzu;T> mtUila
khkh/rpj;jg;gh (Uncle)thd ey;yg;gl;b
ehuhaz NkdDila ftpj;Jtj;jpd;
mbehjkhf tpsq;fpa tho;T Fwpj;j xU
mfz;l ghu;itahy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;
Xu; mtyr; Rit Nghd;w gy;NtW
kuGfis fkyhjh]pd; ftpijfspy;
ek;khy; njspthf ,dq;fhz KbAk;
(ey;yg;gl;b ehuhazNkdd; Victor Hugo,
Havelock Ellis Mfpa gilg;ghsu;fis
nkhopngau;j;jtu; vd;gJ ,q;Nf
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ)
fkyhjh]pd; Kk;nkhopj;Jtj;ij
Mjupj;Jk;> Mzhjpf;fj;ij vjpu;j;Jk;>
,y;yj;jurp> rikay; nra;gts;
vd;gjhd ngz; Fwpj;j kughu;e;j
ghj;jpuq;fis vjpu;j;Jk;> kWjypj;Jk;>
mNjNghy;> fhjYf;fhd mtUila
Vf;fj;ij El;gkhf> xspTkiwtpd;wp
ntspg;gLj;jpAk; mike;j An Introduction
(Xu; mwpKfk;) vd;w ftpij kpfTk;
gutyhf tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ftpijg;
Nghf;if khw;wpaikj;j ftpij mJ.
,e;jf; ftpij xU fhj;jpukhd ftpahf
fkyhjh]; fsj;jpy; te;jpwq;fpapUg;gijj;
njspthfg; gpufldk; nra;jJ. fhjiyj;
NjbaiyAk; ngz;fnsy;NyhUk;
ehNd... ehNd ghtp... ehNd ngUe;Jwtp...
fhjyUk;...fhjypf;fg;gLgtUkhfpa
,uz;Lk; ehNd. ckjy;yhj typfs;
vJTk;...ehk; xNu ngaiug; gfpu;e;J
nfhs;fpNwhk;... xNu jiytpjpiaAk;
nehWq;fpr; rpije;j mNj fdTfisAk;..
jd;Dila thrfu;fSldhd Neub
cwit mtu; ,q;Nf> ,t;tpjkha; epWtpf;
nfhs;fpwhu;. mNjNghy;> ngz;rhu;
clypaiyg; ngz;rhu; gpujpapaNyhL
milahsg;gLj;JtJk; ,q;Nf
rhj;jpakhfpwJ. ,aw;ifapypUe;J
ngwg;gl;l ctkhd> ctNkaq;fs;>
gpuGj;Jt newpKiwfs; kw;Wk; kdpjdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l gbepiyaLf;Ffs;
Mfpait Fwpj;j vjpu;g;Gzu;T> me;juq;f
cwtpw;fhd jzpahj;jhfKk;> NjlYk;>
jhd; vd;w epyf;fhl;rp Fwpj;j El;gkhd>
Ma;TuPjpahd myrYk;> gupNrhjid
uPjpahd CLtYk;> FLk;gk; vd;w
mlf;FKiw $ba mikg;Gf; Fwpj;j
FWf;F tprhuizfSk;> gpwfhd
tUlq;fspy; fkyhjh]pd; ftpijfisj;
jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;jitahf vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk;
Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshfj; jpfo;e;jd.
ngz;zpak; vd;gjd; jPtpu tbtq;fis
fkyhjh]; epuhfupj;jhu;. Mz;fsw;w
cyfKk; rup> Mzhjpf;fk;> ngz;zhjpf;fk;
vd;gd Vfhjpgj;jpa cyifj; jhd;
cUthf;Fk; vd;W mtu; jPu;khdkhf
ek;gpdhu;. jhd; cl;gl> ahUf;FNk
Kjyhspahf ,Uj;jy; xUNghJk;
Vw;Gilajhf ,Ue;jjpy;iy. ngz;
vd;w mstpy; jd;dplKs;s NtWghL
Fwpj;j gpuf;iQ mtuplk; tYthfNt
http:www.kochicibe.com/kamala-das-aka-kamala-
suraiya-a-quick-walk-through/
fkyhjh]pd; ftpijfs;
ve;jtpjj; jaf;fKkpd;wpg;
Ngrpd. kuG Fwpj;J
mtUf;F ve;jtpj
kupahijAk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; mtUila
ftpij cUthf;fj;jhy;
gy;NtW kuGfs;
rk;gpujhaq;fs; Kf;fpa
,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd.
gf;jp ,yf;fpag; ngz;
ftpQu;fspd; vjpu;g;Gj;
jd;ik $ba Md;kpf
newp> jkpo;nkhopapd;
rq;f ,yf;fpag; ngz;
ftpfspd; ,irg;ghly;
jd;ikAk;> ,r;irAk;>
Ntl;ifAk;
fkyhjh]pd; ftpijfspy;
,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd.
16 nrhy; ,uz; lhk; miuahz; L 2011 16 16 16 16 nnnrrrrrrrhhhhhyyyyyy;;; ,u ,u ,uz; z; z; lh lh lh lhk; k; k; mmmiu iu iu iu iuah ah ahz; z; z; L L L 2011 11 11
epiyngw;wpUe;jJ. vd;whYk; mtu; mij
xU ,ay;ghd tp\akhfNt ghu;j;jhu;.
mijg; Nghw;wpg; gut Kw;gltpy;iy.
mtUila uhjh> fpU\;zdpd; Kjy;
jOtypy; KOKw;whff; fiue;J
Ngha;> mtd; kl;LNk vQ;Rkstpy;>
milahskw;Wg; Ngha; tpLfpwhs;
(uhjh). ruzhfjpahFk; jUzj;jpd;
fytu kdepiyapy; uhij> fpU\;zdplk;
gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhs;: cd;Dila Njfk;
vd;Dila rpiwahfpwJ. mijf; fle;J
vd;dhy; vijAk; fhz ,aytpy;iy.
cd;Dila mlupUs; epwk; vd;idg;
ghu;itapof;fr; nra;fpwJ. cd;Dila
fhjy; thu;j;ijfs; mwpTrhy; cyfpd;
Muthuq;fis milj;J tpLfpd;wd.
mNj rkak;> me;j md;gpypUe;J jg;gpf;Fk;
tpioTk; mtsplk; ,lk;ngWfpwJ.
xU ifjp jd;Dila rpiwapd;
Gtpapaiyf; fw;Wj; Nju;tijg; Nghy;>
ehd; cd;Dila clypd; nghwpfis
Muha;fpNwd;. vd; md;Ng Vnddpy;>
mjd; gpbapypUe;J VNjDk; xUehs;
ehd; jg;gpj;Jr; nrd;whf Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thwha;> mNjrkak; ,Wjpf;fl;lkhf
mijf; fle;J nry;ytopaikj;Jj;
jUtjhfTk; fkyhjh]{f;F mu;j;jkhfpwJ.
mt;tifapNyNa ftpij mtuplk;
cUg;ngWfpwJ.
tpiutpNyNa mtUila
ftpj;Jtk; jdJ mf;fiwfis
tpupTgLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. midj;J
tifahd nfhLq;Nfhd;ikfSf;Fk;>
ghugl;rq;fSf;Fk; Mshfpg;
ghjpg;gile;jpUf;Fk; midj;Jj;
jug;gpdUila typ> mtkhdq;fisj;
jdNjahf czUk; xU guptjpu;tpd;
ePl;rpahf mtUila ftpijfs;
cUf;nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jd. jdp egupypUe;J
jdpg;gl;l tp\aq;fspypUe;J jd;
ftpijiaj; njhlq;FjNy mtUila
murpayhfj; Jtf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jnjd;why;>
gpd;du; murpay; vd;gNj mtUila
jdpegu;rhu; tp\akhf epiyngw;wJ. jpy;yp
1984 Nghd;w mtUila ftpijfs; ,e;j
epiykhw;wj;jpw;Fr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;
MFk;. jpy;ypapy; rPf;fpau;fs; kPJ
epfo;j;jg;gl;l ,dg;gLnfhiyiaAk;>
mJ Fwpg;Gzu;j;jpa GJtifahd
kw;Wk; mu;j;jkw;w> mjPj td;Kiwf;
fyhrhuj;ijAk;> mJ ke;jpu
cr;rhldq;fis kdg;gpwo;Tf;F
Mshdtdpd; cswyhf khw;wpa
tpjj;ijAk; jPtpukhfr; rhba ftpij
,J. fkyhjh]; gaq;futhjj;ijAk; kpf
tYthf> ntspg;gilahf vjpu;j;jhu;.
kuzk; cd; tpUg;gk; vd;why; gpd;G
nfhiy nra;jy; kpf vspjhff; ifte;J
tpLfpwJ.
fkyhjh]pd; filrpf; fhyf;
ftpijfspy; KJik> kuzk;> ,d;ik>
ntWik> ,ay; flf;Fk; Ntl;if
Mfpait jpUk;gj; jpUk;g ,lk;ngWk;
fUg;nghUl;fshf mikfpd;wd.
vd;Dila tajpy; ,dp tPL jpUk;gy;fs;
vd;W VJkpy;iy (Womens Shuttles-
ngz;zpd; ,lg;ngau;Tfs;) kuzj;ij>
tho;tpd; njsptw;w ,izahff; fhz;fpwhu;
fkyhjh];. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kdpj cly;
rpjpyile;J nfhz;Nl tUtij Neubahff;
fhZk; epu;g;ge;jk;. ftpia kuzj;jpw;F
mg;ghy;> rk;gpujhakhd mstpy; kjk;
vdg;gLtNjhL ve;jtpjj; njhlu;Gkpy;yhj
mstpyhd xUtif Md;kPf epiyia
mtjhdpf;fr; nra;fpwJ. Md;kh vd;w xd;W
,y;yhky; vd; cly; VJkw;wjhfptpLk;.
cly; vd;w xd;wpy;yhky; vd; Md;kh
VJkw;wjhfptpLk; (Suicide - jw;nfhiy)
Mdkiyf; ftpijfspy; (Anamalai
Poems) ,e;jr; rpj;jputijg;gLj;Jk;
cs;tag; gazk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs;
epuk;gpapUf;fpd;wd. cq;fSf;nfy;yhk;
njupe;jijf; fhl;bYk; Nkyhd xU
fhjy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jg; ghij ,Wjpahf
epiwTWk; ,lj;jpy; mJ cq;fis
vjpu;nfhs;sf; fhj;jpUf;fpwJ. mjd;
jOtYk; mutizg;Gk; cz;ikiar;
Nru;e;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j KO epiwthd
kNfhd;djkhd md;igf; fhjiy mtu;
my;yhtplk; fz;lile;jpUg;gjhf vz;zj;
Njhd;WfpwJ. ah my;yh (Ya Allah) vd;w
jiyg;gpl;l mtUila ftpij ,jw;Fr;
rhd;W gfu;tjha; mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
my;yhit fpU\;zdhfg;
Nghw;wpg; guTjy;:
fkyhjh]; jdJ mWgj;ije;jhtJ
tajpy; ,];yhkpa kjj;ijj; jOtpaij
mtUila FLk;gj;jpdUk;> neUq;fpa
el;gpdUk; rupahd tpjj;jpy; Gupe;J
nfhz;L> Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;. Mdhy;>
,e;j kjkhw;wk; fkyhjh]pd;
thrfu;fs;> urpfu;fspy; rpy gpuptpdiuf;
Nfhgg;gLj;jpaJ. ngz;zpathjpfSk;>
rpy ,lJrhupapdUk; $l mtu;
kPJ Mj;jpug;gl;ldu;. ,e;Jj;Jtf;
fz;Nzhl;lq;fis cau;j;jpg;
gpbg;gtu;fisg; gw;wpr; nrhy;yNt
Ntz;lhk;. Mdhy;> fkyhjh]pd;
kjkhw;wk; Fwpj;J mtu;fs; nfhz;l
Mj;jpuk; NtW jsj;jpy; mike;j xd;W
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. fkyh> ,g;nghOJ
Rua;ah vd;w ngaiuf; nfhz;ltu;.
kPz;Lk; jdJ kjkhw;wj;jpw;F ntt;NtW
fhuzq;fis ntt;NtW rkaq;fspy;
vLj;Jiuj;J> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gy
jug;gpdiuAk; Fog;gj; jtwtpy;iy. fhjy;
vd;W jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l
el;GwNt jdJ kjkhw;wk; vd;Wk;> jd;id
tpku;rpg;gNj Fwpahf ,Uf;Fnkdpy;
,e;Jkj ,iwE}y;fisj; jdf;Fg;
gupr;rag;gLj;jhj ,e;J mwpQu;fspd;
mrl;ilj;jdNk jd;id ,];yhkpa
kjj;ijj; jOtr; nra;jjhfTk;> ,Wjpahd>
KOepiwthd> mikjpf;fhd tpioTk;>
NjlYNk jd;id kjk; khwr; nra;jjhfTk;
gy;NtW fhuzq;fis Kd;itj;jhu;
fkyh. mNj rkak;> jd;Dila
,ay;gpNyNa vg;nghOJk; Nghy; ,Ue;J
te;jhu;. jd;Dila ,];yhkpa rNfhju
rNfhjupfisf; fhag;gLj;jyhfhJ
vd;gjw;fha; mt;tg;NghJ mtiur;
re;jpf;f kWj;jJ Nghy; jd; mbg;gilj;
jd;ikapypUe;J ve;j tpjj;jpYk;
tpyfhkNyNa ,Ue;jhu; fkyh. midj;J
kjq;fSf;Fk; flTs; xUtNu vd;W
mwptpj;jhu;. ve;jnthU kjj;jpYk;
ngz;fSf;F kjpg;gpy;iy vd;gijAk;
gpufldk; nra;tjw;F mtu; jtwtpy;iy.
murpay; fl;rpnahd;iw Muk;gpf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpdhu;. Mjutw;w
ngz;fSf;Fk;> kjr;rhu;gpd;ikf;Fk;
Njitahd cjtp MjuTfisj; jpul;l
Nyhf;Nrth vd;w ngaupy; xU murpay;
mikg;ig elj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w
ngaupy; xU murpay; mikg;ig elj;j
Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;gk; mtUf;fpUe;jJ.
fpU\;zidf; fhjypg;gJ> my;yhit
tpsq;fpj; Jjpg;gJ Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk;
,ilNa ve;j Kuz;ghLk; czuf;
fpilf;ftpy;iy. mtUf;F fpU\;zd;
fhjyd;> my;yh vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtd;
(Rediff Interview, 1999) me;jr; rkaj;jpy; mtu;
,uz;L vOj;jhf;fq;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;
<Lgl;bUe;jhu;. From Malabar to Montreal
(kyghupypUe;J khz;l;upaYf;F
khz;l;upay; tiu) vd;w E}y; ngz;fSf;F
mjpfhu cupikaspj;jy; njhlu;ghd
xU $l;L Kaw;rpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gl;bUe;jJ. Harper Collinsf;fhf ,];yhk;
gw;wpa xU Gj;jfj;ij vOJk; gzpia
mtu; Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhu;. kq;fpf; nfhz;Nl
tUk; ghu;itAk;> gytPd cly;epiyAkha;
me;jg; Gj;jfq;fis Kbf;f ,ayhkNy
Ngha;tpLkh vd;w gak; mtiuj; njhlu;e;J
miyf;fopj;J te;jJ. xUf;fhy;> mit
Kw;Wg;ngwhkNy ,Uf;fyhk;. vd;whYk;>
fkyhjh]; jd;Dila tho;ehspy;
epiwNtw;wpAs;s gzpfs; ek;Kila
fhyfl;lj;jpd; kpfr;rpwe;j> Nghw;wj;jf;f
vOj;jhsu;fspd; tupirapy; mtUf;F xU
,lj;ij vd;iwf;Fkha; cWjp nra;fpd;wd.
nrhy;tjw;F xU fijAk;> ,irg;gjw;F
xU ghlYk; my;yJ jfu;j;njwptjw;F xU
jisAk; nfhz;Ls;s Neu;ikahd ngz;
gilg;ghspfSf;nfy;yhk; xU rpwe;j
topfhl;bahfTk;> Kd;DjhuzkhfTk;
jpfo;gtu; fkyhjh];.
xUf;fhy;> Mdkiyf; ftpijfspd;
(Anamalai Poems) ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; mtu;
NgrpAs;s me;j kNfhd;dj md;ig>
fhjiy mtu; czu;e;J nfhz;ltuha;>
mwpe;J nfhz;ltuha; ,Uf;fyhk;.
mt;tg;NghJ NeUk; tUly;> Muk;gj;
jOty; my;yJ rypg;gpy; KbAk; ,r;irf;F
mg;ghyhd xU fhjy; - Md;khtpd; Guhjd
mfo;TfisAk;> gjpTfisAk; $l mfw;wp
tplf;$bajha; mjd;top> mwpahf; fUg;ig
vd;W cd;Dila kWfl;likf;fg;gl;l
KOikia tuNtw;fj; jahuha; gpurt
Ntjidia mDgtpf;fj; njhlq;Ftjhd
xU mg;gOf;fw;w Neak;.
(Nf. rr;rpjhde;jd; xU kiyahsf; ftp. Mq;fpyk;>
kiyahsk; Mfpa ,uz;L nkhopfspYk; ,aq;Fk;
jpwdha;thsu;. rhfpj;a mfhnjkpapd; Kd;dhs;
nrayu;).
njhFg;G: M.h;
ed;wp - Nf. rr;rpjhde;jd; (epA nrQ;Rhpapd; cq;fs; E}yfk;) [{iy 2009
q_nem
,j; jid fhyKk;
cd; idAk; cd; Rw; wj; ijAk;
Gupe; j Gupjy; fs; gadw; Wg; Nghf
gy tUrq; fSf; F Nky;
gofpa gof; fj; Jld;
Jizaw; wtsha; g; gpupaj; Jzpe; Njd;
rhFk; tiuf; Fk;
cdf; Fk; vdf; Fk;
CLghykha; ,Uf; Fk; fl; ba jhypia
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,uhrkzp tjpAk; Fbypd; gliyiaj;
jpwf;fpNwd;. ,uhrkzp jpifj;jtsha;>
kWfzk; XNlhb te;J vd;idf;
fl;baizj;jhs;> fz;fs; fyq;fj; jLkhwp
epd;whs;.
mtNshL $lg;gbj;jJ> tpisahbaJ>
Fog;gb nra;jJ> mtSf;Fj;
jpUkzkhdJ> Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jJ vd
epiwa epiwa epiwag; Ngr Ntz;Lk;
Nghy kdk; Jbj;jgbNa NghNdd;.
mts;... mts; thOk; R+oy;..... vy;yhNk
vdf;Fg; ngUk; mjpu;r;rpiaj; je;jd...
fz;fs; ePW}w;whf mtisg; ghu;j;jgb
nfsrpfd; rgpj;Jf; fy;yhd mfypif Nghy
czu;T tw;w epd;Nwd; ehd;.
rpy epkplq;fs; gwe;Njhbd.
vd;dB.. kzp> vg;gb ,Uf;fpwha;?
rhtp njhiye;j ngl;bia tNyhj;fhukha;
cilj;Jj; jpwg;gJ Nghy thiaj;
jpwe;Njd;. Ngrj;njhlq;fpNdd;.
mts; tWikf;Fk;> jdpikf;Fk;>
Jauj;jpw;Fk; jd;idj; njhiyj;J mjpy;
gof;fkhfp epk;kjp fz;ltshfj; jd;id
Mf;fpf; nfhz;l Jzpr;ry; mtspd;
Ngr;rpilNa njhdpj;jJ.
vd;dj;ijj;jhd; gpukhjkhf
mDgtpj;jhYk; jhd; gpwe;j
kz;zpy; fhy;gjpg;gnjd;gNj
xU jdpr;Rfk; jhd;.
Aj;jk;.... Nghuhspfspd; fl;lisfs;......
,lg;ngau;Tfs;..... ,y;yhik..... tWik.....
gJq;FFsp....... gak;..... Fz;LtPr;Rfs;.....
nghk;gu; mbfs;..... uhZtj;jpd;
nfLgpbfs;...... gl;bdpr;rhT..... tho;tpy;
tpuf;jpapd; itfiw... vd;d ,e;j
tptuq;fnsy;yhk; fhtpakh?...... ,y;iy
tuyhwh?
vdf;Fj; je;j Fspu;ghdj;ij nkd;W
tpOq;fpagb ,uhrkzp tpgupj;j
rk;gtq;fisnay;yhk; frf;ff; frf;ff;
fhJfspy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;.
mtSila ,U Foe;ijfSk; tyJk;
,lJkhf vd; fuq;fisf; Nfhu;j;jgb ehd;
nfhLj;j gp];fl;> nrhf;fNyw; Mfpatw;iwr;
Ritj;J kfpof;> filf;Fl;bahd
rpd;dtd; vd; kbapypUe;J ,uhrkzpaplk;
jhTtJk; gpd; vd; kbf;Fj; jhTtJkhf
ehd; nfhLj;j tpisahl;Lr; rhkhd;fNshL
rq;fkkhfp epd;whd;.
,uhrkzpapd; Ngr;rpy; xU epjhdkw;w
tOtOg;G... RUs; Kb new;wpapy;
miygha> new;wpapy; FWzpg; nghl;NlhL
ifapy; rpful;Lld; ikdu; Njhw;wj;jpy;
xU thypgd; jpBnud mq;Nf Eioe;jhd;.
gps;isfs; khkh khkh vd Mde;jkhf
Muthupj;jdu;. ,uhrkzpNahL VNjh
,ufrpak; Ngrptpl;L mtd; mt;tplj;ij
tpl;L mfd;whd;.
mtd; Njhw;wKk;> jpBnud ehd; ,Ue;j
,lj;jpy; mtd; Eioe;j tpjKk; vdf;Fg;
ngUk; tpag;igj; je;jJ.
,uhrkzpAk; jhd; cLj;jpapUe;j Rupjhu;>
NkNy Rw;wpapUe;j Jz;L ahtw;iwAk;
rupnra;J Rjhfupj;Jf; nfhz;L vdf;F
Kd;Nd fple;j Kf;fhypapy; cl;fhu;e;jgb
jdJ Jauf; fhtpaj;ijj; njhlu;e;J
gbf;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;. mtd; gw;wp vJTk;
$wtpy;iy.
vd; kdk; rw;Wj; jpifj;jJ:
frq;fpaJ. epiynfhs;s Kbahky;
guguj;jJ. ,e;j gugug;gpy; ehd; %o;fpf;
fplf;ifapy; ,uhrkzp NgRtJ> $Wk;
tp\aq;fnsy;yhk; jpiuf;F Kd;dhs;
kdntWg;NghL ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w
ghypay; njhlu;ghd fhl;rpfshfNt
Xbf;nfhz;bUe;jd.
cz;ikapNyNa Fz;Lgl;Lf;
fztd; ,wf;fTk; fhl;Ltopahff;
fztid ,oe;J> ,e;j %d;W
gr;irg;ghyfd;fisAk; capu;jg;gitf;fj;
J}f;fpf; nfhz;Lk; Xbte;j mtyj;ij
,uj;jKk; rijAkhf ,uhrkzp
Gl;Lg;Gl;Lr; nrhy;ypaJNghy jkpopy;
xU fhtpaKNk ,Jtiu ntsptutpy;iy
vd mbj;Jr; nrhy;yyhk; Nghy;
vdf;Fg;gl;lJ.
vd; cw;wNjhopapd; nfhLe;Jauk; R+o;e;j
,e;jr; rq;fjpfisnay;yhk; Nfl;fth
ehd; capu; Rke;J ,j;jid f\;lg;gl;L
,tsplk; te;Njd; vd;w Vf;fKk; vd;idj;
Juj;jpaJ.
ehd; ,e;jr; rQ;ryj;Js; %o;fp vOe;J
jpifj;jpUe;j NghJ> ,uhrkzP... V....
vd; ,uhrhj;jP... vd;nwhU mjpfhuf;Fuy;
Xykpl;lJ.
kJntwp Nyrhf mtu; epiyiaj;
js;shlr; nra;a ,uhrkzP... V vd;
,uhrhj;jP... vd;W rj;jk; Nghl;L
mioj;jgb thrYf;F te;jtu; vd;idf;
fz;lJk;> M... vg;gb vd;W gof;fkhdtu;
Nghy; vd;Dld; Ngrj; njhlq;fpdhu;.
clNd ,uhrkzp tpLtpLntd
te;J mtiu mioj;Jg; Ngha; VNjNjh
nrhy;yTk;> mtu; Nghf kWj;Jr; rpwpJ
Neuk; mlk;gpbj;jhu;.
,uhrkzp VNjNjh nrhy;ypf; nfQ;rpf;
$j;jhb glhj ghL gl;L mtiuj; jpUg;gp
mDg;gp itj;jhs;.
jpUk;gp te;j ,uhrkzpapd; fz;fspy;
,Ue;J fz;zPu; nghynghy ntdf; nfhl;l
jiyFdpe;J vd; ifg;gpbj;Jf; FYq;fpf;
FYq;fp mOjhs;.
vd; njhz;ilf; Fopf;Fs; VNjh
milj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. Ngr;R tutpy;iy.
kWfzk; Rjhfupj;Jf; nfhz;L ,uhrkzp
ePah?... vd; thia jd; ifahy;
nghj;jpats; eP Ngha;tpL..... ,q;fpUe;J
Ngha;tpL... ,dp ,q;F tuhNj... Ngha;tpL....
vd;W fj;jp mOjhs;. gps;isfs; kpuz;L
Ngha; epd;wd.
nksdkha; ehd; ntspNawpNdd;.
gj;kh
q
q
q
q
q
o
jLg; gpYs; s
fztd; gw; wpj;
jftywpar;
nrd; wNghJ jdpNa
miof; Fk; jiyth; fSk; ...
jwg; ghs; Fbirf; Fs; jpdk;
jl; lhkNy tUk;
jhpj; jpur; NrhjidfSk; ...
tapw; Wg; gpiog; Gf; fha;
ehd; elj; Jk; - vd;
fr; rhd; fil te; J
fz; zbj; Jf; if jlTk;
fWkq; fSkha; ...
muq; NfWk; ,e; j
mrpq; fq; fis ehd;
mq; fPfhpj; Jf; nfhs; fpNwd; - vd;
fztd; jLg; G KfhkpypUe; J
tUk; tiu...
,itnay; yk;
vdf; F elg; gJ
vd; fztd;
jLg; gpy; vd; gjhy; ...

j. ,utpth;kd;
Xtpak; : gpupae; jp mD}\h
bf;fpd;rd;. ,tu; tpUe;jpdUld; NgRtjpy;
jaf;fk; fhl;ly;> jdJ miwia tpl;L
ntspNa tuhjpUj;jy;> ,aw;ifiaf;$lj;
jdJ miwr; rhsuk; topNa urpj;jy;>
ntz;zpw Milfis kl;LNk mzpjy;
Nghd;w tpe;ijahd gof;ftof;fq;fisf;
nfhz;l Xu; ngz;zhf mwpag;gl;lhu;.
jd;id vt;tsTjhd; r%fj;jplk; ,Ue;J
jdpj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; r%fk; rhu;e;j
mtuJ fzpg;Gfs; Kw;wpYk; rupahdjhf
mike;jpUg;gjid mtuJ ftpfs;
vLj;jpak;Gk;. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by;
ngz;fs; Mz;fSf;Fs; mlq;fpf;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w
fUj;JfSf;F khwhf ntspg;gilahdJk;
czu;r;rp G+u;tkhdJkhd fUj;Jfis mtu;
ftpijfspy; ntspapl;lhu;.
vkpyp bf;fpd;rd; 1830 ,y;
mnkupf;fhtpy; Mk;nù;];l; (Amherst)
vDk; Cupy; gpwe;jtu;. ,tu; jdJ 23 Mk;
tajpypUe;J gpwuplkpUe;J tpyfp 30 tajpy;
xu; Jwtpiag; Nghy tPl;bDs;NsNa
ntspAyfpypUe;J jd;id tpLtpj;J
%fk; vDk;NghJ xt;nthU kdpjDk;
,zf;fkhd cwtpid Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;L kd czu;Tfisg; gfpu;e;J
Raeykpd;wpg; gpwu;eyk; Ngzp
tpl;Lf;nfhLg;Gld; tho;tNj
csr;rpf;fy;fspypUe;J tpLgl;L jdpkdpjr;
rPu;jpUj;jq;fSf;Fk; r%f ed;ikf;Fk;
toptFf;Fk; vd;Nw ,d;wsTk; gyuhYk;
ek;gg;gLfpd;w tplakhFk;. Mdhy;
jdpikAk; kdpjid rpy rkaq;fspy;
tsg;gLj;jf;$Lk; vd;gij cyFf;F
vLj;Jf;fhl;batNu gpugy mnkupf;fg;
ngz; ftpiQ vkpyp bf;fpd;rd; (Emily
Dickinson) Mthu;. ftpijj; Jiwia
vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ngz; ftpiQfs;
,aw;wpa ftpijfs; gw;wpAk; mtu;fspd;
MSik> Mw;wy;> fw;gidj; jpwd;
kw;Wk; mDgtq;fs; gw;wpAk; jkpopy;
kl;Lkd;wp gy;NtW nkhopfspYk;
mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. me;jtifapy;
jdpikia kl;LNk jdJ gf;fgykhff;
nfhz;L r%fj;jplkpUe;J jd;idj;jhd;
jdpikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ftpijfis
tbj;j Xu; GJikg; ngz;Nz vkpyp
jdpikr; rhsuk; topNa
GjpanjhU cyfk;:
Ntjidapd;
tbfhy;fspd; top
GJikf;F tpj;jpl;l
E m i l y D i c k i n s o n
r
jdpikapypUf;fyhdhu;. ntspAyfj;
njhlu;Gfis jdJ ez;gu;fSldhd
fbjq;fs; %yk; Ngzpf; nfhz;lhu;. ,tuJ
ftpijfspy; jdpik> Ntjid> xOf;fk;>
kuzk;> ,wg;gpd; gpd;duhd kWcyfk;
gw;wpa czu;Tfs; njhdpf;Fk;.
jd;id ntspAyfpw;Ff;
fhl;bf;nfhs;shky; xJq;fpapUe;j ,tu;
jdJ ftpijfis This is my Letter to the
World vd;w ftpijapy;> vd;id md;Gld;
kjpg;gpLq;fs; vd r%fj;jplk; ftpijapd;
thapyhfNt gpd;tUkhW Ntz;LNfhs;
tpLf;fpd;whu;.
fdpTkpF khd;Gld;
,aw;if nrhy;Yk; vspa
nra;jpfis
vdf;nfOjhj ,t;Tyfpw;F
,Njh vdJ fbjk;
ehd; ghu;f;ftpayhf; iffspy;
mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd
,aw;if nrhy;Yk; nra;jpfs;
ehl;bd; ,dpa kf;fNs
,aw;ifiag; Nghw;w
vd;idf; fdpTld;
kjpg;gpLq;fs;
jdJ tho;f;ifKiw Nghd;Nw
fhjYk;> mjd; czu;Tk;
typAk; mtw;wpD}lhfg;
Gyg;gLk;. ,tuJ fhjy;
ftpijfis Nehf;fpd;
fhjypdhy; Njhy;tp
mile;J mjdhy; jhd;
jd;id jdpikg;gLj;jp
tho;e;jhNuh vd;Nw
vz;zj; Njhd;Wkstpw;F
mDgtg; Gyik
fhzg;gLk;. I hide
myself within my ower
vDk; ftpijapy;
jd; czu;r;rpfis
jdpikAld; gpizj;Jg;
gpd;tUkhW gfpu;e;J
nfhs;fpwhu;.
vd; G+Tf;Fs; vd;id
xopj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;
mij khu;gpy;
mzpifapy; eP
cidawpahky;
vd;idAk; Nru;j;Nj
mzpfpwha;
,tUila ftpijfs;
mf;fhyfl;l
kuGfisAk; kPwp
Gjpa vz;zq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;gpDk;
jd;idj; jhd;
gpwuplkpUe;J ,tu;
jdpj;Jf; nfhz;ljhy;
capNuhbUe;j
fhyj;jpy; ,tuJ
jpwikia vtUk;
mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
mtu; vOjpa 1175
ftpijfspy; 07
ftpijfs; kl;LNk
,tu; capNuhbUe;j
fhyj;jpy; ntspahfpd.
,tuJ gilg;GfSk;
jdpj;Jtkhd
KiwfisNa
nfhz;bUe;jd
ftpij mikg;Gfspy;
nrhy;[hyk;> vJif
Nkhid> Mq;fhq;Nf
mOj;jq;fisf;
fhl;lf; NfhLfSk;>
Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fspy;
ngupa vOj;JfSlDk;
(Capitalization)
fhzg;gl;ld. ,tUila
ftpijfs; mf;fhyfl;l
kuGfisAk; kPwp
Gjpa vz;zq;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;gpDk;
jd;idj; jhd;
gpwuplkpUe;J ,tu;
jdpj;Jf; nfhz;ljhy;
capNuhbUe;j fhyj;jpy;
,tuJ jpwikia vtUk;
mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
mtu; vOjpa 1175
ftpijfspy; 07 ftpijfs;
kl;LNk ,tu; capNuhbUe;j fhyj;jpy;
ntspahfpd. vkpypapd; kuzj;jpw;Fg;
gpd;du; rpW rpW Nfhg;Gfshf E}ypy; kpfTk;
gj;jpukhd Kiwapy; fl;lg;gl;l Rkhu;
1000 ftpijfs; ,tuJ miwapypUe;J
fz;nlLf;fg;gl;ld. vkpypapd; ,wg;gpd;
gpd;du; ntspte;j ftpijj; njhFg;Gfspd;
%yk; ,tu; gutyhf ntspAyfpw;F
mwpKfkhdJld; cldbahf ,tUf;fhd
thrfu; tl;lKk; cUthdJ. 1890 Kjy;
1892 tiu ,tuJ ftpijfs; gpugykhapd.
mtuJ Kjy; ftpijj; njhFg;G mtu;
kuzkile;J ehd;fhz;LfSf;Fg;
gpd;dNu ntspahdJ. 1890>1891>1896
Mk; Mz;Lfspy; vkpypapd; ftpijfs;
%d;W njhFg;Gfshf ntspahfpd. 1924
Mk; Mz;lstpy; kPz;Lk;
njhFf;fg;gl;L Ie;J gpupTfshf
ntspahapd. ,tUila
ftpijfs; gw;wp Nehf;Fk; NghJ
jd;id jhd; rKjhaj;jpypUe;Jk;
cyf ,d;gq;fspypUe;Jk; gpupj;Jf;
nfhz;lhYk; fhjYzu;T
nrhl;Lk; ftpfis tbf;fTk;
mtu; gpd;dpw;ftpy;iy.
Fwpg;ghfj; jpahfk; nra;ag;gl;l
me;j NjtijfNs mwpthu;fs;
kpr;rj;jpid
ehd; G+Tf;Fs; vd;id xopj;Jf;
nfhs;fpNwd;
mJ rhbapy; thLifapy;
vd;id eP czu;e;J nfhs;fpwha;
mwpahkNy
vd; jdpikiag; Nghy...
,aw;ifNahL jd;idg; gwpnfhLj;j
,tu; mJ ve;jstpw;Fj; jd;idf; nfhs;is
nfhz;lJ vd;gijAk; jdJ vOj;Jfspy;
ntspg;gLj;jj; jtwtpy;iy vd;gjid
,tuJ gy;NtWgl;l ftpijfspypUe;J
mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. jdJ xU Jsp
mg;gps; kuk; Nky; tpOe;jJ (A drop fell on
the apple tree) vd;w ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW
mtuJ ntspg;ghL mike;jpUe;jJ.
xU Jsp mg;gps; kuk; Nky; tpOe;jJ
$iuapy; ,d;ndhd;W
rpy Jspfs; $iuapwf;fj;jpy;
Kj;jkpl;Lr; rha;e;J
Nkw;$iu KOJk; rpupf;fr; nra;jd
flYf;F cjtr; nrd;wJ rpw;Nwhil
Xilf;F cjtg; Nghapd rpy Jspfs;
vd;id Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nld; ,it
Kj;Jfsha; ,Ue;jhy; vj;jid
mofpa khiyfshff;$Lk; vd;W
cau; rhiyapy; J}Rfs; ,lk;khwpf;
nfhz;ld
gwitfs; cw;rhfkha;g; ghbd
#upaf;fjpu;fs; jk; njhg;gpia fow;wp
tPrpaJ
mjd; nghd; jfLfis mzpe;J
nfhz;ld Gju;fs;
nehe;JNghd aho;fisj; njd;wy;
fhw;W tUb
kfpo;r;rpapy; ePuhl;bf; nfhLj;jJ
fpof;fpypUe;J xw;iwf; nfhbNaw;wpf;
nfhz;lhl;lj;ij Kbj;Jf;
ifnaOj;jpl;lJ.
NkYk; jdpikapd; Mjpf;fk;
mtiu Md;kPfk; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpf;fr;
nra;jJ. tho;f;if gw;wpf; $Wifapy;
,tu; xt;nthU kdpjDk; tho;f;if kPJ
nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba gbg;gpidiaAk;
ek;gpf;ifiaAk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
,Ug;gpDk; ,j;jifia tplaq;fis
,tu; jdJ nrhe;j tho;tpy;
gpd;gw;wtpy;iynad;Nw Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
jd;idj;jhNd ,we;jjhff; fUjpg; gy
ftpijfisAk; vOjpAs;shu;. rpe;ijapy;
ehd; czu;e;j <kr;rlq;F (I felt a funeral in
my brain) vDk; ftpijapy;; ,we;j gpd;dUk;
Vfhe;jj;jpidNa mtu; tpUk;Gfpd;wik
Gydhfpd;wJ.
rpe;jidapy; czu;e;Njd; vd; ,Wjpr;
rlq;fpid
vd; ,Wjpf;fpupifapy; fye;J
nfhs;Nthu;
mq;Fkpq;Fkha; cyTtij ehd;
czu;e;Njd;
,d;Dk; vd; nrtpfs; czu;fpd;wJ
mtu;fsJ
rg;ghj;Jfspd; Xiria..
vd; rpe;jidfis jfu;j;njwpAk;
mt;Nthir
mtu;fs; mq;F cl;fhu;e;jpUf;ifapy;
Nfl;fpwJ mtu;fs; vdf;fha;
giwabj;J epfo;j;Jk; jpUg;gypg;G+ir
mJ mbf;fg;gLfpwJ> mbf;fg;gLfpwJ
vd; kdk; czu;r;rpaw;w epiyf;Fr;
nry;fpwJ
gpd;du; vd; fhJfs; vd; cly;
itf;fg;gl;l
ngl;biaj; J}f;Fk; Xiria
czu;fpd;wd
me;j fpuPr;rpLk; rj;jk;
vd; Mj;khtpid ClWj;Jf; fle;jJ
Mk;> mNj rg;ghj;Jfspd; Xir
vd;id topelj;jpr; nry;fpwJ
gpd; mt;ntspnaq;Fk; Nfl;Fk;
kzpNahir
Rtu;f;fj;jpd; jpf;nfq;Fk; kzpfs;
vd; nrtpfs; kl;LNk mij
czu;e;jpLk;
mwpKfNkaw;w tpe;ijahd ,dj;jpd;
elkhl;lj;jpid mwpe;J nfhz;l vd;
nrtpfSk; ehDk; nksdk; fhj;Njhk;
nehWq;fpa Vfhe;j kdJld;.
,j;jifa ftpijfs; cyfpay; tho;tpy;
,tu; nfhz;l ntWg;gpidAk; ,wg;gjw;Fk;>
kWcyiff; fhz;gjw;Fk; ,tu; nfhz;l
MtiyAk; fhl;baJ. kuzj;jpDila
typapidj; jdJ jha; cl;gl jd;idr;
rhu;e;j md;Gf;Fupatu; gyupd; mLj;jLj;j
kuzj;jpd; %ykhf mDgtpj;j ,tu;
ntspr; r%fj;jplk; ,Ue;J jd;idj;jhNd
jdpikg;gLj;jp miwapDs;NsNa jd;id
Klf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;.
jdJ ftiyfSf;fhd
tbfhy;fshfNt ftpijfis
tbj;jhu;. ,jd; %yk;
ntspAyifAk; kwe;jhu;.
jdpikapd; rpd;dkhfNt
mtu; mzpe;j Milfs;$l
mike;jpUe;jJ. ntz;zpw
ePz;l mq;fp jupg;gNj ,tu;
tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. jdJ
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http://blogs.fco.gov.uk/wiltonpark/2011/10/11/nobel-peace-prize-2011-our-work-with-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-and-leymah-gbowee/
http://mediacenter.dw-world.de/english/pictures/#!/4665/Nobel_Peace_Prize_winners
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Photo form : http://www.thewip.net/contributors/2010/03/a_brave_new_world_
women_as_arc.html
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http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-World/peacemakers/Article4-780751.aspx
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cupa ,lk; fpilf;fTk; $ba tifapy;
gy;NtW Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhu;.
Aj;jk; epWj;jg;gl;l gpd;dUk; thshtpuhJ
njhlu;e;Jk; ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; gy;NtW
nghJg;gzpfis mwpKfg;gLj;jp
epiwNtw;wp tUfpwhu; vd kdg;G+u;tkhf
Nykh Nfhtpiag; ghuhl;bAs;sdu;.
fyhQ;ryp
ftpQu; jpyfghkh ftpQu; jpyfghkh
cd; Kfk; Gijj; Jf; nfhs; Sk;
gs; sq; fs; NjhWk;
,ik jpwf; fpd; wd vd; fz; fs;
ve; ehSk; xspj; Jf; nfhs; s
Kbahj gbf; F
fiuNahu mOf; Ffis
mbj; Jf; nfhz; L Nghf Kbahjgbf; F
mlf; fp itf; fpNwd;
vd; mjpu; Tfis
gwf; fpd; w tpkhdk;
Nghfpd; w Ntfj; jpy;
J}u vwpe; j epoy; fsha;
cjhrPdq; fis
fhzhJ vwpe; J
Nghfpd; Nwd; Kd; dfu; e; J
jdpNa Jtq; Fnkd; tho; T
vd; fhjiy
vd; fdit
vy; yhkhfpapUe; j
vd; id
kl; Lk; Rke; j gb
fhzhj
mjpu;Tfs;
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%fk; vd;gJ fyhrhu
tpOkpaq;fs;> ek;gpf;iffs;>
tof;fhWfisf; nfhz;l kf;fspd;
njhFjpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,r;r%fk;
rpWth;fs;> ngz;fs;> ,isQh;fs;>
Kjpath;fs;> Mz;fs; vdg; gy gphptpdiu
cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ehfhPf khw;wk;>
fhykhw;wk; vd;gtw;why; mr;r%fj;jpdhy;
filg;gpbf;fg;gl;l fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fs;
ek;gpf;iffs; tof;fhWfs; vd;gdtw;wpy;
rpykhw;wq;fs; Mq;fhq;F Vw;gl;Ls;sd.
vdpDk;> fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs;
njhlh;ghd ghh;itapy; Fwpg;ghf
aho;g;ghzr; r%fj;jpd; ghh;itapy; ghhpa
rhjfkhd khw;wq;fs; VjhtJ Vw;gl;ljh
vd;gjpy; ,d;Dk; Iak; epyTfpd;wJ.
gyjug;gl; ngz;fis ehd; re;jpj;jNghJk;
Aj;jj;jpdhy; fztid ,oe;j
ngz;fs; gy jsq;fspYk; vjph;Nehf;Fk;
gpur;rpidfshYk;> mjdhy; Vw;gLk;
jhf;fq;fshYk; mth;fs; r%f myfpy;
jdpj;Jtplg;gl;l ngz;fshfNt
Aj;jj;jpdhy;
fztid ,oe;j
ngz;fspd;
gpur;rpidfs;;
Ngrhg; nghUs; xd;W
NgRnghUs; Mjy;
fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. vkJ r%fj;jpy;
FLk;gj;jpy; tUkhdkPl;Lgth;fshf
Mz;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
vt;thwhapDk; Aj;j #oypdhy; jpBh; vd
Vw;gl;l fztdpd; ,wg;gpidj; njhlh;e;J
vjph;Nehf;Fk; Kf;fpa gpur;rpidahff; FLk;g
tUkhdk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fztid
,oe;j ngz;fspd; FLk;gq;fspy;
tUkhdk; <l;lNtz;ba tfpghfkhdJ
ngz;fshy; cldbahf vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
mJTk; ,lk;ngah;e;j #oypy; epue;ju
,Ug;gplk; vJTk; mw;w epiyapy; jdpj;Jf;
FLk;gj; jiyikiaj; jpBh; vd vLf;f
Ntz;ba #oy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
,J jdpNa nghUshjhug; gpur;rpid
vd;wstpy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhky;
ehshe;jk; vjph;Nehf;Fk; fyhrhu
hPjpahd ghh;itfSk; Gwe;js;sy;fSk;
ghhpa csr%fg; gpur;rpidfisj;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. aho; r%fj;ijg;
nghWj;jstpy; ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfSf;F
Nkyjpfkhf ,j;jifa ngz;fs;
rl;lhPjpahd gpur;rpidfisAk;
vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;bath;fshfpd;whh;fs;.
Vnddpy; ,J Njrtoikr; rl;lj;jpw;F
cl;gl;l gpuNjrk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp
,j;jifa FLk;gq;fSf;F kuG hPjpahf
r%f FLk;gj; jsq;fspy; toq;fg;gl;l
cjtpfs; fle;j fhyq;fSld; xg;gpLk;
NghJ ntFthff; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wik
kpfNtjidf;Fhpa tplakhFk;.
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Rjh 28 taJg; ngz;. ,Wjp Aj;jj;jpy;
fztd; nry;tPr;rpdhy; ,we;jhh;. %d;W
gps;isfs; %j;jtd; taJ 10> ,isa
kfs; taJ ehd;F. nry;tPr;rpdhy; RjhTk;
,isa kfSk; gyj;j fhaq;fSf;F
cl;gl;L rpfpr;irapd; gpd;dh; jw;NghJ
MNuhf;fpakhd epiyapy; cs;shh;fs;.
fztid ,oe;j RjhTf;F ftiyfs;
gyjsq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; vo Muk;gpj;jd.
vd;Dila tho;f;ifj; Jizia
,oe;J tpl;ld;. Kw;W KOjhff;
fztdpd; tUkhdj;jpy; ek;gpapUe;j
vq;fil FLk;gj;ij vg;gb ,dp ehd;
jdpag; ghh;g;gJ. gps;isfis vg;gb
gbg;gpg;gJ. $yp Ntiyf;Fg; NghNthk;
vd;why; vd;Dila filrpg; gps;isia
ahUld; tpl;Lg; NghtJ. aho;g;ghzj;jpy;
fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghf tho;e;j vq;fs; FLk;gk;
rhjp khwpf;fl;bajhy; vd;id Vw;f kWj;j
epiyapy; vg;gbg; Ngha;r; rNfhjuh;fSld;
,Ug;gJ? vdf;nfd;W fhzpapy;iy.
tPL ,y;iy. ,t;tsT ehSk; je;j
epthuzj;ij epg;ghl;bbdk;. ,wg;Gg;
gj;jpuk; vLg;gjhapd; CUf;Fg; NghwJf;Fk;
g]; fhrpy;iy. gps;isfis ahUld;
tpl;bl;Lg; NghtJ?
,g;gbahd gjpTfSf;F ehd; mbf;fb
epWtdq;fSf;Fr; nrd;why; mf;fk; gf;f
tPl;Lf;fhuhpd; re;Njfg;ghh;it GUrd;
nrj;jhg; gpwF ,tTf;F vd;d mbf;fb
ntspahiy cyhj;J vd nrhy;fpwhu;fs;.
,dp ehd; ey;y fhhpaq;fSf;F Kd;Df;F
epw;f VyhJ. Koptpaoj;jpw;F cjthjdhd;.
gps;isfSf;F Kd;dhy; moTk; VyhJ.
ehd; mOjhy; mth;fSk; mOthh;fs;...
,J Rjhtpd; ftiy kl;Lky;y.
Aj;jj;jpdhy; fztid ,oe;j
Mapuf;fzf;fhd ngz;fspd; ajhh;j;jepiy
,JthFk;.
nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfs;;;
miy miyahf vjph;nfhs;Sk;
gpur;rpidfspy; ,Ue;J tpLglKbahj
ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; ,J vkJ tho;tpd;
tpjp vd Vw;W tho;e;J fopg;gth;fshfNt
,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,th;fspd; gpur;rpidfis
nghUshjhu> cs> r%f> rl;lk;> kWkzk;
vd;Dk; jsq;fspy; Nehf;fpdhy;... ,j;jifa
ngz;fs;; ngUk;ghYk; Kw;W KOjhff;
fztdpd; tUkhdj;jpNyNa jq;fpAs;sdu;.
fztdpd; ,wg;gpidj; njhlh;e;J
FLk;gj;jpidf; nfhz;L elhj;Jtjw;F
Njitahd tUkhdkPl;l Ntz;ba
eph;g;ge;jj;jpw;Fj; js;sg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
,th;fspy; mjpfkhdth;fs;; fy;tp kw;Wk;
njhopy;rhh; jpwd;fs; mw;wth;fshfNt
fhzg;gLk; epiyapy; Kiwrhuhj
Jiwfspy; kpff;Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpw;F
Ntiy nra;a Ntz;ba #oy;
Vw;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; fy;tp tha;g;igg;
ngw;w ngz;fshf ,Ue;jhy; $l Ntiy
tha;g;gpidg; ngWjy; vd;gJ kpfTk;
rthyhd tplakhfNt aho;g;ghzj;jpy;;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. nfhl;Nlnfhltpd;
$w;wpd;gb mjpfkhd ngz;fs;
Fiwe;jsthd Mw;wy; nghJmwpT vd;gd
fhuzkhf kpfTk; tWikahd #oypNyNa
tho;fpd;whh;fs; (nfhl;Nl nfhl 1997;:15).
ngz;fs; Ntiy tha;g;gw;W
,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fshfj; jkJ
Foe;ijfis guhkhpg;gjw;F xUth;
,y;yhj epiy> Nghjpa jpwd;fs; ,d;ik>
gpuahzk; nra;tjw;fhd irf;fps;
,d;ik> r%fj; njhlh;Gfs; ,d;ik>
fy;tpawptpd;ik> etPd njhopEl;g
mwptpd;ik> rpyre;jh;g;gq;fspy; ehl;$yp
ngWjy; njhlh;ghf ghugl;rq;fisAk;
vjph;Nehf;fpdhh;fs;. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
jkJ gps;isfspy; ghlrhiyf;
fl;lzq;fis nrYj;j Kbahj epiyapy;
mg;gps;isfspd; fy;tpiaf; $lg;
ghjpf;fpd;wJ. jdpegh; xUth; ,j;jifa
gpur;rpidfspy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lij
xNu jlitapy; vjph;Nehf;fpdhh;;;. mj;Jld;
,j;jifa gpur;rpidfs; xd;Wld;
xd;W njhlh;Ggl;lJ. ,th;fspy; rpyh;
mLj;jNtis rhg;ghl;bid vt;thW
jdJ gps;isfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fyhk; vd;w
epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. ,jdhy;
jkJ ehshe;j tho;f;ifia kpfTk;
rpukj;Jld; fopf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,j;jifa
gpur;rpidfis mNdfkhdth;fs;
mikjpahfj; jkJ tpjp vdj;jhq;fpf;
nfhs;fpd;whh;fs;.
cshPjpahd gpur;rpidfs;
nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidf;F Nkyjpfkhf
,j;jifa ngz;fs; cshPjpahd kw;Wk;
czh;T hPjpahd gpur;rpidfisf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;. tUkhd kPl;Lgth;
kq;fsfukhd epfo;Tfspy; ,Ue;Jk;
xJf;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
kWkzk;;
fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs;
kq;fsfukw;wtu;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fs; jdJ
fztdpd; epidTfSld; kl;LNk tho
Ntz;Lk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
kWkzk; vd;gJ r%fj;jpy; gpur;rpidahd
tplakhfNt cs;sJ. ngUk;ghyhd
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ngz;fs; jhkhfNt
kWkzk; nra;a tpUg;gkpy;yhj epiy
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ngNuuh $Wifapy;
Kjy; fzthpd; ,wg;Gg; gj;jpuk; ngwhj
epiyapy; kWkzk; vd;gJ rl;lhPjpahd
Xh; gpur;rpidahFk;. (ngNuuh 1999: 77).
rl;lhPjpahf kWkzkhdJ jLf;fg;glhj
NghJk; r%f hPjpahf mts;
jpUkzkhfhJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
rl;l hPjpahd gpur;rpidfs; vDk;NghJ
ahog;;ghzj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu Njr
toikr; rl;lk; mKypy; cs;sJ. ,jd;
gpufhuk; jpUkzkhd ngz; xUth; jdJ
nrhj;Jf;fis fzthpd; rk;kjj;JlNdNa
tpw;fyhk; my;yJ <L itf;fyhk;.
,jdhy; mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fis
tpw;wy; <L itj;jy; vd;gd fztid
,oe;j ,wg;Gg; gj;jpuk; ngWtjw;fhd
rpf;fy;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk;
kw;Wk; ghJfhtyh; vd;w mbg;gilapy;
fztdpd; ,wg;ghdJ cshPjpahd
gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;Jk;. mitahtd
kdr;Nrhh;T> neUf;fPL> neUf;fPl;bw;Fg;
gpw;gl;l kdtL> jw;nfhiy vz;zk;>
nka;g;ghl;L Kiwg;ghL> gjfspg;G
vd;gdthFk;.
Uthd;Gu $Wifapy; fztid ,oe;j
ngz;fs; jkJ ngz;gps;isfSf;Fj;
jpUkzk; nra;J itf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;w neUf;fPL fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J
mth;fSf;Fg; nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
cstpay; rhh;gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.
(&thd; Gu 18: 2004) fztdpd; ,wg;igj;
njhlh;e;J mth;fs; tPl;LNtiyfs;
kw;Wk; FLk;gj;Jld; njhlh;ghd
ntspNtiyfisAk; nra;a Ntz;ba
epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
mj;Jld; r%fj;jhy; xJf;fg;gly;> jkJ
gps;isfis tsh;j;jy;> fy;tp fw;gpj;jy;
vd;git njhlh;ghd jpBh; nghWg;Gfis
Vw;f Ntz;ba epiyapdhy; cshPjpahd
gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLfpd;wJ..
r%fg; ghh;it njhlh;ghd
gpur;rpidfs;

fztid ,oe;j ngz; vd;w
fhuzj;jpdhy; vkJ r%fj;jpy; gy
r%f fyhrhu hPjpahd gpur;rpidfisg;
ngz;fs; vjph; nfhs;fpd;whh;fs;.
Fwpg;ghf mth;fs; ey;y fhhpaq;fSf;F
Kd;dpw;f Kbahjth;fs; vdTk;
fztdpd; ,wg;gpw;Ff; fhuzk; me;jg;
ngz;zpd; ,uhrp ,y;yhj jd;ikjhd;
vd;Wk; r%fj;jpd; gopr;nrhy;Yf;F
cs;shfpd;whu;fs;. ,j;jifa ngz;fs;
tho;f;iff; fhyk; KOtJk; gy;NtWgl;l
FLk;g r%fj; jsq;fspy; ghugl;rq;fSf;Fk;
cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. vdpDk;
,j;jifa fyhrhug; gpur;rpidfs;
mth;fspd; fy;tp kw;Wk; nghUshjhu
epiyapidg; nghWj;Jg; ghjfkhd
Nehf;Ffs; khWgLfpd;wd. ,e;jg;
ngz;fs; jkJ fztd; ,y;yhky; thOjy;
vd;gJ jkJ ghJfhg;gpid Nfs;tpf;
Fwpahf;fp cs;sJ vdf; fUJfpd;whh;fs;.
jkpo;r; r%fj;jpy; fztid ,oe;j
ngz;fs; kq;fsfu kw;wth;fs;
vdTk; mth;fs; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk;
miy miyahf
vjph;nfhs;Sk; gpur;rpidfspy;
,Ue;J tpLglKbahj
ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; ,J
vkJ tho;tpd; tpjp vd Vw;W
tho;e;J fop;g;gth;fshfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
,th;fspd; gpur;rpidfis
nghUshjhu> cs> r%f>
rl;lk;> kWkzk; vd;Dk;
jsq;fspd; Nehf;fpdhy;
,j;jifa ngz;fs;;
ngUk;ghYk; Kw;W KOjhf
fztdpd; tUkhdj;jpNyNa
jq;fpAs;sdu;.
fhzhky; NghNdhhpd; kidtpaUf;F Xh;
gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ.
Aj;jj;jpdhy; fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs;
gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghfr; nra;a
Ntz;bait:
tpopg;Gzh;tpid Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;
r%fj;jpy; ngz;jiyikj;;Jtf;
FLk;gq;fs; Mjuthd Kiwapy;
nray;gLjypd; mtrpaj;ij vLj;Jf;
$wy; Ntz;Lk;. r%fg; ghh;it
khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
ehshe;jk; nrytopf;Fk; Mlk;gur;
nrytpy; xUgFjpapid ,t;thwhd
FLk;gq;fSf;Ff; nfhLg;gjw;F r%fk;
Kd;tUjiyj; J}z;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;
ghhpa njhopw;rhiyfis mikj;Jg;
ngz;fSf;fhd njhopy; tha;g;Gfis
mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;
fztid ,oe;j ngz;fisj;
Jd;GWj;Jk; fyhrhug; ghh;itapid
kWrPuikj;jy; c- k; fztid ,oe;j
ngz;fs; kq;fsfukhd epfo;Tfspy;
gpujhd rlq;Ffspy; gq;Fnfhs;tjw;F
jsk; mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jy;.
fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs; njhlh;ghf
nfhs;if tFg;ghsh;fSf;F $h;
czh;tpid Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;jiyikj;Jtf;
FLk;gq;fSf;fhd tpNrl trjpfis
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;. cjhuzkhf
rpWth; guhkhpg;G epiyaq;fis
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;
fpuhkkl;l mikg;Gfis gapw;rp
toq;Fjy; %yk; r%f FLk;gj;
jsq;fspy; ngz; jiyikj;Jtf;
FLk;gq;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk;
gpur;rpidfisf; ifahSjy;
ghy;epiy njhlh;ghd $Uzh;Tld;
$ba cstsj;Jiz epiyaq;fis
Muk;gpj;jy;
Clfq;fs; %yk; rhpahd gpur;rhuq;fis
Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,wg;Gg; gj;jpuk;
Vida rl;l eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;tJ njhlh;ghd
mwpTWj;jy;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy;
,ytr rl;l Nrit epiyaq;fis
cUthf;FtJld;. mJ njhlh;ghd
jfty;fs; kf;fis nrd;wilaf;
$ba eltbf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;iw
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
kWkzk; nra;jy; njhlh;ghd r%f
hPjpahd ghjfkhd vz;zg;ghLfis
ePf;f tpopg;Gzh;T epfo;Tis Vw;ghL
nra;jy;
Njrtoikr; rl;lj;jpy; cs;s
jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; jkJ mirahr;
nrhj;Jf;fis jkJ fztdpd;
rk;kjj;Jld; tpw;f my;yJ <L itf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w mk;rq;fis rl;l
kWrPuikg;G %yk; khw;w eltbf;if
vLj;jy;
fztid ,oe;j ngz;fSf;fhd
nghUshjhu r%f ghJfhg;gpid
cWjpg;gLj;jy;. cjhuzkhf Kiwrhuhj;
njhopy;fspy; Xa;T+jpaj;jpl;lk;
tpidj;jpwDld; eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
Aj;jj;jpdhy; fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs;
nghUshjhu r%f fyhrhu cstpay;
kw;Wk; rl;lk; rhh; gpur;rpidfis
vjph;Nehf;Ffpd;whh;fs;. ,j;jifa
gpur;rpidfs; xt;nthd;Wk; Vidatw;wpy;;
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. nghJthf
jkpoh;fsJ kuGg;gb fztid ,oe;j
epiyapy; mth;fsJ ,uj;j cwtpdh;fs;
kw;Wk; ez;gh;fspdhy; MW njhlf;fk; xU
tUlj;jpw;F nghUshjhu kw;Wk; FLk;g
MjuT toq;fg;gLjy; toikahFk;.
vdpDk;> jw;Nghija #o;epiyapy;
,j;jifa ngz;fSf;Ff; FLk;g r%fj;
jsq;fspy; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; cshPjpahd
MjuT fpilg;gnjd;gJ mUfpf;
nfhz;LNghFk; Nghf;Ff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Aj;jj;jpdhy; fztid ,oe;j ngz;fSk;
kdpjh;fNs. Vw;fdNt gy;NtWgl;l
,wg;Gfs;> clik ,og;Gfspdhy;
Jd;GWk; mth;fis NkYk; ghugl;rk;
fhl;Ljy; nte;j Gz;zpy; Nty;
gha;r;rYf;F xg;ghdJ. ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs;
gl;laj;jpy; gpupT 15 r%f kdg;ghq;Ffspy;
tpjitfs;> fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs;>
jdpj;j ngz;fs;; vd;gth;fs; njhlh;ghd
ghjfkhd r%f vjph;ghh;f;ifapid
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Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs; ,d;wpNa cs;sdu;.
ntsp ,lq;fspy; cs;s njhz;L
epWtdq;fs; kPs;FbNaw;w ,lq;fSf;F
nrd;W Nrit nra;a Kbahjthwhd
PTF mDkjp kWg;G epiyNa ,d;dKk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
ngz;fs; gyu; njhopy; tha;g;gpd;wpAk;
tUthapd;wpAk; epu;f;fjpahfpAs;sdu;. jkJ
gps;isfSf;Fg; ghy;kh Ntz;Ltjw;F
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kdijAk; cliyAk; tUj;jpj; njhopy;
nra;fpd;whu;fs; vd;gjid ehk; vz;zpg;
ghu;g;gjpy;iy.
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fztid vq;fpUf;fpwhu; vd;Nw njupahJ
NjLtNjhL> tUkhdg; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy;
rpukg;gLk; ngz;nzhUtu; jdf;F Vw;gl;l
epiy njhlu;ghfr; nrhy;Yk; NghJ vdJ
fztiuf; tYf;fl;lhakhfg; Gypfs;
gpbj;Jg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L Nghd
NghJ jg;gp te;J vd;NdhL Nru;e;J thoj;
njhlq;fpdhu;. rl;lg;gb gjpT ,y;yhj
jpUkzk;. mtUf;F mg;NghJ taJ 22.
vdf;F 25 taJ. vd;id tpl mtUf;F
taJ FiwT. GypfSf;Fg; gae;Nj ,UtUk;
2007 ,y; ju;kGuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
Nru;e;J thoj; njhlq;fpNdhk;. ngw;Nwhu;
rk;kjj;JlNdNa mtu;fNs vk;ikr; Nru;j;J
itj;jdu;. me;j Neuk; gjpT ,ayhJ.
tapj;jpy; gps;is 4 khjkhf ,Uf;Fk; NgJ
mtiu kPz;Lk; ,af;fk; gpbj;jJ. mtu;
Xb te;jjhy; fhypy; Rl;ljhf mwpe;Njd;.
M];gj;jpup vy;yhk; ghu;j;Njd;. mg;gb
ahUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. gpd;du; ,lk;ngau;e;J
tUk;NghJ mtuJ mz;zhtpd; kidtp
nrhd;dhu; vdJ fztu; Ks;sptha;f;fhypy;
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NghNdhu; gl;baypy; vy;yhk; gjpe;Njd;.
G+rhtpy; ,Ug;gjhf nrhd;dhu;fs;. Mdhy;
tpguk; njupatpy;iy. Vndd;why; vdf;F
mtiuj; Njbr; nry;yg; gz cjtp ,y;iy.
Foe;ijNahL ,ilapilNa $ypj; njhopy;
nra;J tho;fpNwd;. mJTk; epue;jukhf
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rupahd f\;lkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Aj;jj;jpdhy; clypy; fhag;gl;lNjhL>
fztdhy; iftplg;gl;l ngz;nzhUtu;
$Wifapy; vdf;F 20 taJ. 9 khjg; ngz;
Foe;ij xd;W cz;L. Aj;jj;jpy; fhy;> tapW
Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; fhag;gl;bUe;Njd;.
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fztUk; tpUk;gpg; ngw;Nwhu; rk;kjj;Jld;
rl;l uPjpahfj; jpUkzk; nra;Njhk;. rpwpJ
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NghNdhk;. mJjhd; mtu;fsJ Cu;.
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vd;id mbg;ghu;fs;. cs;shilNahL
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,Ue;jJ. ,g;Ngh khwpl;LJ. nghyprplk;
Ngha; nrhd;d NghJ vd;id mtu;fs;
mk;khitaplk; mDg;gpdhu;fs;. rhg;ghL
jukhl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; ms;sp te;j jz;zp
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tapj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ js;sp tpl;lhu;fs;.
mtu; Kfhkpy; jdpahf ,Uf;fg; gae;J
FLk;gf;fhud; vdf; fhl;bf; nfhs;sNt
vd;idj; jpUkzk; Kbj;jhu;. mtUf;F
kr;rhs; Kiwapy; xUtu; ,Uf;fpwhu;.
mtu; V.vy; gbf;fpwhu;. mtiuj; jpUkzk;
Kbf;fNt vd;idj; Jd;GWj;jpdhu;fs;.
ehd; kdepiy ghjpf;fg;gl;L jw;NghJk;
kdey kUj;Jtuplk; rpfpr;ir ngw;W
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Kiwg;ghL nra;Njhk;. me;j tpyhrj;jpy;
ahUk; ,y;iy vdf; fbjk; jpUk;gp te;J
tpl;lJ. jhgupg;G khjpup vJTk; ,y;iy.
nghyp]; mf;fiwAld; tprhupf;ftpy;iy.
vdf;F cly; eyf; Fiwtpdhy; nry;y
KbahJs;sJ. jdpj;j FLk;gk; vd vdf;F
vt;tpj rYifAk; ,y;iy. ghjpf;fg;gl;l
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eltbf;if vLg;gJ mtrpak;. mk;kh>
mg;ghTf;Fk; $ypj; njhopy; jhd;. VNjh
mtu;fNshL Nru;e;J ,Uf;fpwd;. njhopy;
nra;a tpUk;Gwd;. tPl;bypUe;J VjhtJ
njhopy; nra;aNt tpUg;gk;. Foe;ijia
tpl;Lg; Nghf KbahJ.
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ehSf;F ehs; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd cupik
kWg;Gfs; njhlf;fk; td;Kiwfs;
vdg; gpur;rpidfs; mjpfupj;Jf;
nfhz;L nry;fpd;w NghJk;> Clfq;fs;
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shFk; ngz;fs; gw;wpa
tplaq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gJ
FiwthfNt cs;sJ. Clfq;fisg;
nghWj;jtiu ngz;fs; gpur;rpidfis
,uz;lhk; gl;rkhf Nehf;Ffpd;w
ghu;it ,d;Dk; khwtpy;iy vd;Nw
$wyhk;. $Uzu;Tld; rpe;jpj;Jg;
ngz;fs; gpur;rpidfis mZFk;
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Nghfpd;wJ. Nkw;$wg;gl;lJ Nghd;w
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fztd;-kidtpf;fpilapy; ,lk;ngWk;
md;whl tplakhfTk; fUJtjdhNyNa
mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; fztdhy; nfhiy
nra;ag;gl;l gy ngz;fsJ gupjhgfukhd
mfhy kuzq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd.
jw;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fsJ capu; kw;Wk;
cupikfs; ngWkjpaw;witahfNt
Mz;fshy; ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;F
rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf fle;j tUlk;
gq;Fdp khjk; rhtfr;Nrup kPrhiyapy;
rhe;jp vd;w ngz;nzhUtu; nfhûkhf
rpj;jputijf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Lf;
nfhiy nra;ag;gl;likf;F>
mg;ngz;zpd; fztUk; mtuhy; Vw;ghL
nra;ag;gl;ltu;fSNk fhuzk; vdf;
nfhz;L re;Njfegu;fs; tpsf;fkwpaypy;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,itnay;yhk;
FLk;g uPjpapy; ngz;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk;
td;Kiwfspd; nfhûj;ijf; fhl;b
epw;fpd;wd.
Clfq;fs; ngz;fs; tplaq;fs; kw;Wk;
Njitfs; vDk;NghJ rikay;> tPl;L
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fu;g;g fhyj;Jg; guhkupg;G> rikay;
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fhl;Lfpd;wd. Nfrg; guhkupg;G> efj;ij
vt;thW rPu; nra;tJ> Kfj;ijg; nghypTld;
vkJ ehl;by; Aj;jj;jpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhu; mjpfstpy;
ngz;fNs vdf; $wpf;
nfhz;lhYk; mtu;fSf;fhd
epahaq;fis Clfq;fs;
ntspg;gLj;j KidtJ kpf kpff;
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gpd;du; Vw;gl;l ,uhZtkakhf;fy;
#oypy; nkhopg;gpur;rpid>
fhzhky; NghNdhu; gw;wpa
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Mz;fis tplg; ngz;fNs
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Nghd;wtw;iw kl;LNk ngz;fSf;fhd
my;yJ ngz;fSf;fhf vd;w jiyg;Gld;
elhj;jg;gLk; epfo;Tfs; njhlu;e;J
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tUfpd;wd. ,it jtpu ngz;fSf;F
vt;tpj Njitg;ghLk; ,y;iyah? my;yJ
ngz;fSf;fhf ,t;thwhd epfo;TfNs
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,tw;iwnay;yhk; kPwpg; ngz;fNs jkJ
gpur;rpidfisf; $w Kd;te;jhYk;
Mz;fis KOikahf cs;slf;fpa
Clf r%fk; vt;tsT J}uk; ngz;fsJ
tplaq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wJ
vd;W ghu;j;jhy; mq;Fk; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
ngz;fs;> mtu;fs; njhlu;ghd nra;jpfs;
vd;gd Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;wdthfNt
fUjg;gl;L xJf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
jw;Nghnjy;yhk; Clfq;fspy; ntsptUfpd;w
ngz;fSf;fhd gy epfo;Tfs;> tplaq;fs;
vd;gd Kjyhspj;Jt tu;f;fj;jpd;
Mjpf;fk; nfhz;litahfNt khwptpl;ld.
,ay;G> ajhu;j;jg;ghq;F vd;gd ,y;yhJ
Ngha;tpl;ld. ,it jtpu ehshe;jk;
vk;kpilNa nrhy;nyhzhj; Jauq;fis
mDgtpj;J tpl;L kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
gythwhd tho;f;ifg; gpur;rpidfSld;
Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ngz;fsJ
ajhu;j;jj;ij vg;NghJ ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;sg;
Nghfpd;Nwhk;?
vkJ ehl;by; Aj;jj;jpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhu; mjpfstpy; ngz;fNs
vdf; $wpf; nfhz;lhYk; mtu;fSf;fhd
epahaq;fis Clfq;fs; ntspg;gLj;j
KidtJ kpf kpff; FiwthdNjahFk;.
,lg;ngau;tpd; gpd;du; Vw;gl;l
,uhZtkakhf;fy; #oypy; nkhopg;
gpur;rpid> fhzhky; NghNdhu; gw;wpa
njsptpd;ikfSf;F kj;jpapy; Mz;fis
tplg; ngz;fNs mjpfstpy; neUf;fbfis
vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mJkl;Lkd;wp
td;Kiwia vjpu; nfhz;Ls;stu;fs;
my;yJ re;Njfpf;fg;gLNthu; kPjhd
r%fj;jpd; ghu;itia rpy Clfq;fs;
jpir jpUg;Gfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf
td;nraYf;F cl;gl;l ngz;fs;; kPjhd
Nghypahd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis Clfq;fs;
gutyhf;Ffpd;wd. rT+jp mNugpahtpy;
,Ue;J jpUk;gp te;j Mupatjp vd;w
ngz;zpd; cly; kPJ Mzp mbf;fg;gl;l
nra;jpia rpy Clfq;fs; ngha;ahdJ
vd;Wk;> gpd;du; mtu; kdepiy
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu; vd;Wk;> gpd; rpy ehl;fspd;
gpd;du; mtu; ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;Gtjw;fhfNt
jdJ clk;gpy; Mzpfis mbj;Jj; jpUk;gp
te;jhu; vd;Wk; gythwhd mgpg;gpuhaq;fis
ntspapl;ld.
,Nj NghyNt ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;
,lk;ngw;w ngz;fs; kPJk; Fw;wk;
Rkj;Jk; Nghf;Ff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
mjhtJ Fl;ilg; ghthil mzpe;J
nrd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; ngz;
gyte;jg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;> ngz;fs;
mzpAk; MilfNs mt;thwhd
rk;gtq;fSf;Ff; fhuzk; vdTk; Fw;wk;
rhl;Lk; tof;fk; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ.
mt;thwhapd; je;ij jdJ nrhe;j kfisNa
ghypay; ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk;
Jd;GWj;JtJ ,d;W gy FLk;gq;fspy;
,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. MfNt ,jw;F vjidf;
fhuzk; $w KbAk;? ,t;thwhd
nraw;ghLfshy; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shNdhu;
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Jd;gj;ij mDgtpf;fpd;w
epiyNa jw;NghJ cs;sJ. Gyk;ngau;
ehl;by; ,Ug;Nghu; $l Aj;jj;jpd;
gpd;duhd kPs; fl;Lkhdj;jpd; NghJ
ngz;fs; njhlu;ghfTk; mtu;fsJ
tho;thjhuk; njhlu;ghfTk; fUj;Jf;
$wNth my;yJ Nkk;ghl;il
Nkw;nfhs;sNth Kd;tutpy;iy. Aj;jj;jpd;
NghJ MAjf; nfhs;tdtpw;Fg; gzk;
t#ypj;j ,tu;fshy; jdpj;J epw;Fk;
ngz;fisAk; mtu;fsJ Foe;ijfisAk;
nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Kd;Ndw;wr;
rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy. mz;ikapy; $l Nkhrb
tQ;rf;flj;jy; nra;ag;gl;l rpWkpfs;
njhlu;ghd nra;jpfs; ntspte;jd.
,t;thW Xupuz;L jfty;fs; ntsptUfpd;w
NghJk; ntsptuhjthW ,d;Dk;
vj;jidNah rpWkpfsJ vjpu;fhyk;
mopf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. vk;ikr;
Rw;wpAs;s murpay; gyk; nfhz;Nlhu; $l
,tw;iw epWj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; mf;fiw fhl;ltpy;iy.
,itnay;yhk; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd
nghUshjhu gykpd;ik kw;Wk; tWik
epiyia Vd; ,d;dKk; vk;kpy;
gyu; czu kWf;fpd;wdu;. jpl;lkpl;L
xUrhuhuhy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; flj;jy;
kw;Wk; ghypay; Ruz;ly; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F
,isa r%fk; cl;jpzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
mt;thW td;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;L nry;Nthu;fs; gw;wpAk; mtw;iwj;;
jLg;gjw;fhd toptiffisg; gw;wpAk; Vd;
,d;Dk; vk;khy; rpe;jpf;f KbahJs;sJ?
Aj;jj;jpdhNyh my;yJ Mz;fshy;
jdpj;J tplg;gl;l my;yJ iftplg;gl;l
ngz;fis ,dk; fz;L mtu;fsJ
tho;thjhuj;jpw;F Mf;fG+u;tkhd
nraw;ghl;il Kd;itg;gJ mtrpakhd
xd;whFk;. ,y;iyNay; nghUshjhu
neUf;fb fhuzkhfg; ngz;fs; kw;Wk;
rpWkpfs; tQ;rfu;fshy; jpl;lkpl;L
Vkhw;wg;gLtijj; jtpu;g;gJ fbdkhFk;.
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murpay; cl;fU murpay; gug;G my;yJ fhyk; ,g;gbahf
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cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;FNkh mg;gbahd xU jtWjhd;
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Neu;e;jpUf;fpwJ. ,ij cly; nkhop vd nkhop ngau;j;J
me;j thu;j;;ijfspd; gpd;dhy; nrd;wijf; fhl;bYk;
nkhopapd; cl;fU nkhopapd; gug;G my;yJ fhyk; vd
nkhop ngau;j;J mjw;fhd Gupjy;fNshL efu;e;jpUe;jhy;
rkPgfhykhf cilgl;L ntspte;jpUe;j ngz;nzOj;Jfs;
rpjwpg; Nghfhky; xNu tPr;rha; Mjpf;f kNdhghtq;fisj;
jfu;f;fpd;w Ntiyiaj; njhlq;fpapUf;Fk;.
mij tpl;L tpl;L cliyf; nfhz;lhLfpNwhk; vd;W
nrhy;tJ ngz;fs; vd;why; NahdpAk; KiyAkhf
kl;LNk epWTtjw;Nf JizGupAk;. ngz; clypd; Nky;
epfo;j;jg;gLk; td;KiwfSf;F rl;lk;> r%fk; vy;yhNk
ntspg;gilahf vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpf;fj; jahuhfNt
,Uf;fpd;w NghJk;> mtNs mwpahky; rpijf;fg;gLfpd;w
mtspd; czu;TfSf;Fk;> czu;Tfspd; Nky;
epfo;j;jg;gLk; td;KiwfisAk;> mtSk; ,r;rKjhaKk;
czu;e;jhnyhopa jtpu;j;J tpl tpUk;gpdhnyhopa mij
xopf;f KbahJ.
nfhz;bUf;fpwPu;fs; vd;gij
vg;NghJ czu;tPu;fNsh
njupahJ. mg;gb czu
tplhky; nra;jJjhd; Mjpf;f
rKjhakhFk;.
Mjpj;jha; jdJ
Mz;ikiaAk;> jdJ
mwpitAk; epWtpNa
jdJ kdpj ,Ug;ig
epiyehl;bdhs;. ngz;
cly; rhu;e;J ghu;f;fg;gl
Ntz;bats; my;y vd;W
ep&gpg;gJk;> mtSs;Sk;
kdpjj;jpw;fhd ,Ug;ig
epiy epWj;jf; $ba
Mz;ikAk; Mw;wYk;
,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij
nray;fSk;> tho;tpaYk;
mtw;iw gjpthf;Fk;
vOj;Jk; Ngr Ntz;Lk;.
clypd; Fuy; mg;gbj;jhd;
Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;gtu;fs;
ML eidfpwNj vd;gjw;fhf
mOk; Xeha;fs; vd;gij
milahsk; fhz Ntz;Lk;.
vj;jid jPtpug; ngz;zpa
thjk; Ngrpatu;fSk;
,d;W ,Wjpapy;
mira Ntz;baJ
clyy;y kdk;jhd;
vd;Wk; $wpapUg;gij
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. rpy Neuq;fspy;
nkhopngau;g;Gfs; kpfj;
jtWjyhd Gupjy;fisj;
je;J tpLfpd;wd.
cyf ,yf;fpaq;fspypUe;J
jq;fs; gilg;Gf;fhd
cUtKk;>
cs;slf;fq;fisAk;
khjpupfshf vLj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ rkPgj;jpa
,yf;fpa cyfpd; etPdkhf
milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ. mg;gb
Neu;ifapy; Neu;e;J tpl;l
tpgj;Jj;jhd; cly;nkhop
vDk; thu;j;ijapd; nkhop
ngau;g;Gk;> GupjYnkd
epidf;fpNwd;. cyf
jpg;gh
'' ,Njh 2012,d; GJtUlg; gupR""
c
au; T
t
pi
y
t
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r
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yq;ifapy; Aj;jj;jpd; jhf;fKk;
mjd; tpisTfisAk; ,d;Dk;
vkJ kf;fs; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L
,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fspd;
epiy kpfTk; Nkhrkhf cs;sJ. ,jid
Aj;jj;jpd; NghJk; Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dUkhd
ghjpg;Gfs; vd NtWgLj;jpg; ghu;f;f
KbAk;. mjpy; Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; mtu;fs;
vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;w gpur;rpidfs; vd;W
ghu;f;Fk; NghJ tpN\rkhff; fztid
,oe;jjdhy; FLk;gq;fisj; jhq;Fk;
ngz;fspd; njhif mjpfupg;gpdhy;
mtu;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSk;
mjpfkhFk;. ,jdhy; ,tu;fs;
r%fj;jpy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
,d;W tlf;Ff; fpof;fpy; ngz;fs;
jiyik jhq;Fk; FLk;gq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if Aj;jj;jpd; gpd; gy
klq;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ. mz;ikf;fhy
Ma;tpd;gb fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; kl;Lk;
39000 Ngu; tpjitfshf Aj;jj;jpdhy;
Mf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;. ,tu;fspy; 70
tpfpjkhdtu;fs; 18 tajpw;Fk; 40 tajpw;Fk;
cl;gl;ltu;fs;. ,stajhdtu;fs; 60
tpfpjkhdtu;fs; vd;Wk;> ,tu;fs; 2
njhlf;fk; 3 gps;isfspd; jha;khu;fs;
vdf; fpof;F khfhz rigapdhy;
mz;ikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l Ma;T xd;W
$Wfpd;wJ. ,t;thW jkJ fztid
,oe;j ngz;fs; jkJ FLk;gq;fis
jiyik jhq;fp elhj;jp tUfpd;whu;fs;.
,tu;fs; Vida ngz;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk;
ngz; fs;
jiyik
jhq; Fk;
FLk; gq; fspd;
,
Aj;jR+o;epiyapd; NghJ
fzprkhd ngz;fspd;
fztd;khu; flj;jg;gl;Lk;
fhzhky; NghAk; cs;sjhy;
,tu;fspd; epiy gw;wp
cWjpahfj; njupahkYk;
cs;sjhy; ,tu;fSf;fhd
,wg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;
ngWtjpy; ghupa rpf;fiy
vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;shu;fs;.
,jdhy; kidtpkhu; jk;ik
milahsg;gLj;jf;$l
Kbahj epiyapy; cs;sdu;.
G
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gpur;rpidfis tpl khWgl;l epiyapy;
gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;whu;fs;
vd;gJ mtu;fspd; mDgtg;gfpu;T
%ykhf mwpaf; $bajhfTs;sJ. tlf;Ff;
fpof;fpy; Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; ngz;fs;
jiyikjhq;Fk; FLk;gq;fs; mjpfupj;j
epiyapy; mtu;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; r%f
nghUshjhu fyhrhug; gpur;rpidfs;
jhf;fq;fs; Nghd;wd gy tpisTfis
Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ vd;gNj cz;ik.
mjpy; fztid ,oe;j ngz; jdpj;Jj;
jdJ FLk;gj;jpidf; nfhz;L elhj;Jk;
NghJ Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfSk; mjd;
%yk; mtspd; Neubahd ghjpg;GfSk;
mjd; tpisTfSk; vd;w xU epiyAk;>
kw;iwaJ ,jd; tpisthy; mtu;fs; rhu;e;j
r%fk; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; rthy;fs; vd ,U
Nfhzq;fspy; ghu;f;f KbAk;.
vkJ r%fj;jpy; ngz;fs; nghJthf
,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;glf; $batu;fs;
(vulnerable group) vd;w epiy cs;sJ.
,jw;Ff; fhuzk; r%fk; epiy epWj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; ghy;epiy ghFghL
vdyhk;. mjhtJ Mz;fSf;Fk;
ngz;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa epyTk;
rkre;ju;g;gk; rktha;g;G> rktsg;gfpu;T
vd;gdtw;wpy; fhl;Lfpd;w mrkj;Jtj;
jd;ikahFk;. mjhtJ fy;tp> czT>
njhopy;> nrhj;J> nghWg;Gfs;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; 2Mk; juj;jpy; itj;Jg;
ghu;f;fg;gl;ljd; tpisthf ngz;fs;
epiy gytPdk; mile;Js;sJ. ,g;gbahf
Vw;fdNt gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;L
,Uf;Fk; ngz;fs; Aj;jj;jpdhy;
NkYk; gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;L
,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. Fwpg;ghff; FLk;gk;
vd;w fl;likg;Gfisnay;yhk; Aj;jk;
rpijj;J tpl;lJ. ,Jtiu fhyKk;
mtu;fSf;F ,Ue;J te;j FLk;g mikg;G
r%fg; ghJfhg;G> Mz; ciog;ghspfspd;
MjuT vy;yhNk nehbg; nghOjpy;
mtu;fs; tho;it tpl;lfd;wd. mq;F
cjpj;j Gjpa tho;f;iff;F ekJ ngz;fs;
jahuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jdhy;
jkJ FLk;gq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd
nghUshjhuj;jsq;fis mikg;gJ Kjy;
mtu;fs; gps;isfspd; csj;Njitfisf;
ftdpg;gJ tiu gytpjkhd ghj;jpuq;fis
jhq;fshf tfpf;f Kad;W jj;jspj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
,tu;fs; kPJ FLk;gj;jpd; tUkhdj;ij
<l;lNtz;ba ghupa nghWg;G
Rkj;jg;gLtjhy; jq;fspd; ,aYikf;Nfw;w
njhopiyj; Njbf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
Fwpg;ghf tPl;LNtiy> $ypj;njhopy;
Nghd;w KjyPLfs; ,y;yhj njhopy;fis
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; Nghjpa
tUkhdk; <l;l Kbahj epiyapdhy;
mtu;fsJ FLk;gk; NkYk; tWik epiyf;Fj;
js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J kl;Lkd;wp ,tu;fs;
gy;NtWgl;l ghypay; njhe;juTfs;> ghypay;
Ruz;ly;fSf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;whu;fs;.
NkYk;> Aj;j R+o;epiyapd; NghJ fzprkhd
ngz;fspd; fztd;khu; flj;jg;gl;Lk;
fhzhky; NghAk; cs;sjhy; ,tu;fspd;
epiy gw;wp cWjpahfj; njupahky;
,Ug;gjhy; ,tu;fSf;fhd ,wg;Gr;
rhd;wpjiog; ngWtjpy; ghupa rpf;fiy
vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;shu;fs;. ,jdhy; kidtpkhu;
jk;ik milahsg;gLj;jf;$l Kbahj
epiyapy; cs;sdu;. ,t;thwhd R+o;epiyapy;
jhd;gl;l mDgtq;fis vk;NkhL
gfpUfpd;wdu;.
vdf;F taJ 30> 2 gps;isfs; Aj;jj;jpdhy;
fztid ,oe;J 4 tUlq;fs; ehd;
jdpahfj;jhd; tho;fpNwd;. Muk;gj;jpy;
gy f];lq;fs;gl;Nld;. r%f Nritj;
jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; vdf;F RanjhopYf;fhf
Kjypy; &. 10000 cjtpj; njhifahf
toq;fpdhu;fs;. rpwpa fil xd;iw
cUthf;fpNdd;. gbg;gbahf filiag;
ngupjhf;f ru;Nthja mur rhu;gw;w epWtdk;
xd;wpd; cjtpAld; epiwNtw;wpNdd;.
jw;NghJ vdJ FLk;gj;ijf; nfhz;L
nry;tjw;F NghJkhd tUkhdj;ij
filapd; Clhfg; ngWfpNwd;.
jw;NghJ ngz;fSf;fhd tho;thjhuj;ij
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy jpl;lq;fs;
khfhz murhq;fj;jpdhy; r%f
Nritj; jpizf;fsq;fspd; Clhf
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghfg;
ngz;fs; jiyik jhq;Fk; FLk;gq;fSf;fhd
tho;thjhu cjtpfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUtJ
ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ. vdpDk;> ,g;ngz;fs;
vjpu;Nehf;Fk; Vida r%f fyhrhug;
gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghfTk; ,t;tikg;Gfs;
,d;Dk; NghjpasT ftdk; nrYj;jtpy;iy
vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.
fhaj;jpup espdfhe;jd;
xt;nthU ngz;Zk;
rf;jp nghUe;jpats;.
mtisah r%fj;jpy;
xJf;fp itj;jhh;fs;?
tPl;bw;Fs;
G+l;bitj;j
ngz;iz
kfhftp ghujpahh;
tpLjiyahf;fpdhh;.
mjw;F Kd;Dk;
ngz; FLk;gj;jpd;
mr;rhzpahf tpsq;fpajhy;jhd; rq;f
fhyj;jpYk; $l FLk;gk; jioj;jJ. fiyfs;
tsh;e;Njhq;fpd. ftz; tPrpf; fy; vwpe;J
jdpj;J thOk; #oYk;
jd;dpiwthd Jzpr;rYk;
k; ehl; bNy Aj; j epWj; jk; Vw; gl; lhYk; Aj; jk; tpistpj; j ghjpg; Gfspdhy;
my; yYWk; Fwpg; ghfg; ngz; Foe; ijfSila f\; lq; fs; nrhy; Yk;
jukw; wit. xU rpy khjq; fs; > thuq; fs; > ehl; fSs; Rkhu; 89>000 ngz; fs;
tlfpof; F khfhzq; fspy; kl; LNk tpjitfshf; fg; gl; Ls; sdu; . FLk; gepiy
Mz; -ngz; vd; w ,UtUNk ,ize; J Kd; ndLj; j tho; f; ifia MZi-
la kuzj; jhy; ngz; khj; jpuNk jdpj; J epd; W vjpu; g; gLk; rthy; fSf; F Kfk;
nfhLf; f Ntz; ba nghWg; G ngz; zpd; jiyapy; Rkj; jg; gl; Ls; sJ. rw; Wk;
vjpu; ghuhj ,j; jifa epiyapy; Foe; ij> tPL thry; > czT> cil> md; whlr;
nryT vd; nwy; yhk; Nahrpf; Fk; NghJ... gy rpf; fy; fs; ek; ik ntUl; rpailar;
nra; fpd; wd.
,J jdpg; gl; l ngz; zpdNjh> FLk; gj; jpdNjh gpur; rpid kl; Lky; y. ,J xU
r%fj; jpd; gpur; rpid. vdNt ,J njhlu; ghd tplaq; fisr; nrhy; ypd; %yk;
gyuJ rpe; jidapy; gjpj; J trjpahd jPu; Tfis Nehf; fp Kd; dfu; j; Jk; gzpapy;
ghjpg; Gw; w gy ngz; fis mZfpNdhk; .
Nfhgk; > ntl; fk; > ntWg; G> tpuf; jp> vjpu; fhyk; gw; wpa epr; rakpd; ik vd; w gy
czu; Tfspd; ce; jy; fshy; ehk; gazpj; Jg; Ngha; re; jpj; Jg; Ngrpa ahUNk jkJ
vz; zq; fis vk; Kld; gfpu; e; J nfhs; s cld; gltpy; iy. vdNtjhd; gpd; tUk;
ngz; fNshL njhlu; G nfhz; L mtu; fsJ fUj; JfSf; Ff; fsk; mikj; Njhk; .
mtw; iw Neau; fNshL gfpu; e; J nfhs; fpd; Nwhk; .
e
FLk;gr; Rikia kpfr; Rygkhf Kfhik
nra;jts; ngz;
- jpUkjp kNdh`hp rPtnul;zk;
(Xa;Tngw;w gapw;rpf; fyhrhiy tpupTiuahsu;)
jpidg;Gdk; fhj;J> nghUshjhuj;ijg;
ngz; tsk; nra;jhs;. fy;tp fw;gjpy;
kl;Lk; tpyf;Fg; ngw;wpUe;Jk;> FLk;gr;
Rikia kpfr; Rygkhf Kfhik nra;jhs;.
fy;tpawptw;w md;id rhujhNjtpahhpd;
Kd;ndLg;Gj;jhd; ,uhkfpU\;z
guk`k;ru; ,e;J jh;kj;ij ntspf;
nfhzur; nra;jJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;
rhujhNjtpahhpd; ijhpak; jd;dk;gpf;if
topfhl;ly; jhNd? Rthkp tpNtfhde;jUk;
,e;J jh;kj;ij cyfnkq;Fk; gug;g ,JNt
Jiz Ghpe;jJ vdyhk;.
jdpj;J thOk;
ngz;fs; vd;w
jiyg;ig gy;NtW
Nfhzq;fspy;
ghu;f;Fkplj;J
,sk;guhakhd
ngz;fs; jpUkzk;
Gupahky; tho;jy;>
jpUkzk;
Gupe;j gpd;du;
tpthfuj;jhfp
gps;isfSld;
my;yJ gps;isfspd;wp tho;jy; kw;Wk;
rPjdk;> kdNeha; my;yJ clY}dk;
fhuzkhf tpthfk; nra;ahkNy thOk;
KJfd;dpau;> gps;isfshy; iftplg;gl;l
tNahjpgj; jha;khu; Nghd;w gyUk; ek;
fz; Kd; epow; fhl;rpfshfj; njuptijf;
,j;juj;jpdhpy; rpyh; fy;tpawpT ngw;W
gztUthiag; ngWtjhy; jkJ
czHTfis Ntz;Lnkd;Nw kwe;J
FLk;gj;jpdiuf; fiu NrHf;fpd;wdH.
Mz;> ngz; ,UghyhiuAk; tho
topfhl;b mjpy;> epk;kjp> MWjy;> epiwT
ngWfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; mtHfsJ
jdpg;gl;l Njitfs; Ntjidfs;
,Uf;fNt nra;Ak;.
2) kzk; Ghpe;J tpthfuj;Jg;
ngw;NwhH. kzk;Ghpe;J my;yJ
fhjypj;J Vkhw;wg;gl;NlhH>
,t;thW jdpj;JthOk; ngz;fs;
Foe;ijfNshLk; ,Ug;gH. gbg;gwpT
,y;yhjtHfshf ,Ug;gpd;> FLk;gg;
nghUshjhuf; f\;lk;> gpwhplk;
ifNae;Jk; epiy> kd epk;kjpAk;
MWjYk; mw;w Vf;f cisr;ry;>
,tw;wpdhy; tpuf;jp Vw;gl;L kdk;
nfLjy;> elj;ij nfLjy; ,ay;ghFk;.
3) Nghhpdhy; fztidg; gphpe;J
tpjitahNdhH.
4) Cdkile;j fztidAk;>
Foe;ijfisAk; ghJfhj;J tsh;f;f
Ntz;batHfs;.
,t;tsTk; njhpe;Jk; mwpe;Jk;
vj;jid jhd; rhjidfs; gilj;Jk;
ngz;jhNd vd;w ,fo;T kdg;ghd;ik
rKjhaj;jpdpd;Wk; kiwe;jjh? ngz;fs;
vj;Jiz Mw;wy; gilj;jtshf
,Uf;fpd;whs; vd;gij Mz; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sj; jaq;FtJ Vd;?
,g;gb Mw;wy; gilj;jpl;l ngz;fs;
jdpj;J thOk; NghJ r%fj;jpy;
vjpu;nfhs;Sk; gpur;rpidfs;
gw;gy. ve;jr; rKjhaj;ij vLj;Jf;
nfhz;lhYk; jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fs;
gy jug;gl;ltHfshf gyjug;gl;l kd
cisr;ry;fSf;F cl;gl;ltHfshf>
,dq; fhzg;gl;ltHfshf cs;sdH.
mtHfisg; gpd;tUkhW ,dq; fhzyhk;.
1) vd;Wk; fd;dpahfNt
cs;stHfs;. ,tHfspy; fhjypj;J
iftplg;gl;ltHfs;. kw;nwhU rhuhH
FLk;gg; nghWg;Gfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
Ntz;ba #o;epiyahy; FLk;g tho;tpy;
<LglhNjhH.
ngz; mikg;Gfs; ghypay; ty;Ywitj; jLf;Fk;
eltbf;iffspy; $Ljy; ftdk; vLj;J tUfpd;wd
- rNuh[pdp fNde;jpud;
(jtprhsu; tpOJ Mw;wy; Nkk;ghl;L ikak;)
fhzyhk;. ,tu;fspd; tho;f;ifapy;
r%f nghUshjhuf; fhuzpfs; nrYj;Jk;
jhf;fk; Fwpg;ghf mtutu; thOk; #oy;>
maytu;> FLk;g epiyik> r%fj;jpy;
me;j FLk;gj;jpd; nry;thf;F Nghd;w
,d;Ndhud;d mk;rq;fs; mtu;fsJ
tho;f;ifj;juj;ijAk; Rfkhd Rje;jpukhd
tho;itAk; epu;zapf;Fk; ty;yik
ngw;wdthf ,Ug;gijf; fhz KbAk;.
jdpj;J thOk;; ahuhapDk; mjdhy;
xusTf;NfDk; jhf;fj;Jf;Fs;shfhky;
,Uf;f KbahJ. ,jpy; Mz;-ngz;
vd;w Ngjj;jpw;Nf ,lkpy;iy.
,Ue;Jk;> jdpik ahiuf; $Ljyhfg;
ghjpf;fpwJ vd;W gpupj;jhdpahtpy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;nthd;W jUk;
jfty;fs; tpag;G+l;Lfpd;wd. 2005k;
5) ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fspdhy; fztidg;>
ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;NjhH.
6) tpjitahNdhH taJ te;j ngz;fs;
,stajpdH.
nghUshjhu hPjpahf XhpU rkaj;jpy;
rpy cjtpfs; fpilj;jhYk; mit
epue;jukhdjy;y. cshPjpahf me;jg;
ngz;fspd; kd mOj;jq;fis
vt;thW rkhjhdg;gLj;jyhk;. kdpj
tsq;fshy; fpilf;Fk; cjtp cshPjpahd
cghijfSf;Fr; rhe;jpia Vw;gLj;jhJ.
MfNt>
kdr;rhe;jp ngWk; topfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tNj topahf> jPHthf mika
Ntz;Lk;. mjidg; ngw>
1 ,iw ek;gpf;ifAk;> jd;dk;gpf;ifAk;
jPHthfyhk;. mtd; mUshNy mtd;
jhs; tzq;fp vd;fpwJ rptGuhzk;.
Mk; vj;jid ngz;fsplk; ,iw
ek;gpf;if cs;sJ. mjw;Fk; gapw;rp
Njit. jpahdk; - ehSf;F kzp Neuk;
,iw rpe;jidapy; <Lglg; gofpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mJ vj;jidNah
mikjpfis Vw;gLj;Jk;: kdij
,Nyrhf;Fk;.
2 ey;y kdg;ghq;Ffis>
jd;dk;gpf;ifia vd;dhy; KbAk;
vd;w vz;zj;ij tsHj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.
3 Cf;fj;Jld; Kaw;rp nra;jy;. ,J
tUkhdj;ijg; ngwTk;> nghUshjhu
epiyiaf; fl;bnaOg;gTk;
cWJizahFk;. Ra tUkhdj;ijg;
ngUf;Fk; toptiffisj; Njbf;
nfhs;sy;. gpwiu vjpHf;fhJ jhdhfNt
];jpukhd Kiwapy; cioj;jy;.
4 gpwUf;fhf thog; gofpf; nfhs;sy;
r%f Nrit> kw;wthpd; ,d;g
Jd;gq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;sy;>
Kaw;rpapd;wp ,Ug;Nghiu Cf;Ftpj;jy;>
topfhl;ly;> cs;sd;Gld; cwthLjy;
,itnay;yhk; jdf;Fk; gpwUf;Fk;
xUtpj mikjpahd kdg;Nghf;fpid
Vw;gLj;Jk;.
5 vjidAk; jhq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;
kdty;yikiaAk; rhjpf;ff;$ba
xU ituhf;fpaj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;sy;.
6 kdjpy; mikjpNaw;gl ,iwtzf;fk;
cjTk;.
Mz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l (Ofce
of British National Statistics - 2005)
gpupj;jhdpa Njrpag; Gs;sptpgu mYtyf
Ma;nthd;W 1971 ,Ue;J 2004 tiu
jdpj;J tho;gtu;fsp;d; tpfpjhrhuk;
njhlu;e;J $b tUtij mJ fhl;b
epw;fpwJ. ,e;j epiy njhlUNkahdhy;
2021 Mz;lstpy; kf;fspd; %d;wpypuz;L
gq;fpdu; (35%) jdpj;J tho;Nthuhf
,Ug;gu; vd;Wk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
ngUk;ghYk; 65 taJf;Ff; Fiwe;j
Mz;fs; ,t;tpfpjhrhuj;ij cau;j;Jtjpy;
ngUk; gq;F tfpf;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j epiyik
gw;wpg; nghJkf;fs; nfhs;if Ma;T
epWtdnkhd;W (Institute of Public Policy
Research [IPPR]) fUj;J ntspapLifapy;
r%f khw;wj;jpy; kpf mjpfkhd jhf;fj;ij
,j;jpUg;gk; Vw;gLj;jp tUtjhff; $WfpwJ.

,e;jg; Gs;sptpguj;jpYk; Mz;-ngz;
tpfpjhrhuj;ijg; ghu;j;Njhkhdhy; 25 - 44
tajpdupilNa jdpj;J thOk; Mz;fs;
15 tPjkhf ,Uf;f ngz;fs; 8 tPjkhf
kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;. ,e;j
epiyapy; Mz;fs; jdpj;J tho;tjpy;
gw;gy rpukq;fis vjpu;nfhs;s ngz;fs;
gy mD$yq;fSld; jkJ tho;f;ifia
RahjPdkhff; fopg;gjpy; ,d;gk; fhZtjhf
,e;j Ma;T NkYk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
ngz;fs; Rje;jpukhfj; jkJ r%f
tiyg; gpd;dy;fis tprhykhf;;fp tho
Mz;fs; jkJ ehshe;j ciog;gpw;Fg;gpd;
jkJ kdf;FKwy;fis ntspNaw;w
fOthapy;yhky; mtjpg;gLfpwhu;fshk;.
,j;jifa epiyikf;Ff; fhuzk;
Mz;fs; jkJ ehshe;j eltbf;iffis
epu;tfpg;gjpy; mjpfkhfg; ngz;fspy;
jq;fpapUf;Fk; fhuzj;jhy; jkJ
nghWg;Gfs; $Ltjhf czUk;
mNjNtisapy; ngz;fs; kw;wtiug;
guhkupf;Fk; nghWg;GfspypUe;J tpLgl;Lj;
jkJ Ntiyfis NkYk; jpwk;gl Mw;Wk;
$Ljy; NeuKk; ty;yikAk; ngw;wtu;fshf;
fhzg;gLfpwhu;fs;. ,Ue;jNghJk;>
tpthfuj;Jg; ngw;w Mz;fs; gps;isfisg;
guhkupf;Fk; nghWg;gpypUe;J ngUk;ghYk;
mfd;W tpLtjhy; jkJ tho;tpy; mjpfkhf
re;Njhrj;ij Vida ngz;fSld;
ngz; vd;w nrhy;ypd;
nghUshfg; gioa
mfuhjpfspy;
kidtpvd;W
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
MapDk; jw;fhyj;jpy;
cs;s mfuhjpfspy;
kidtp vd;w nrhy;Ny
fhzg;gltpy;iy.
mjw;Fg; gjpyhf xU
tpupe;j nghUis mit
jUfpd;wd. ngz;fs;> kfs;> ngz;Fyk;>
jhd; rhu;e;j ,dj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; gpupT
vd tiuaiw nra;fpwJ. ,tw;wpypUe;J xU
Kf;fpa tplak; njspthfpwJ. vd;dntdpy;
,d;iwa cyfk; ngz; vd;w nrhy;iy jq;fp
thOk; epiyapy; cs;s xd;whff; fUjhj
fUj;jpaiy cs;slf;fpg; ghu;f;fpwJ. ,e;jj;
njsp epiyapy; jdpahf thOk; ngz;fs;
gpd;tUkhW gFj;Jr; nrhy;yyhk;.
ngz;fSf;F rl;luPjpahf cs;s ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wp
tpopg;Gzu;T epfo;Tfs; elj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
- jpUkjp. Rfe;jp ,uh[FNye;jpuh
rl;lj;juzp
mDgtpf;f ngz;fs; jkJ Foe;ijfisAk;
cwtpdu;fisAk; ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
flikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;gtshf khWfpwhs;.
,jd; tpisthf rhjfkhd nghUshjhu
epiy fhzg;glhjtplj;J jdpj;J
tho;jy; tWikf;Fk; epue;jukhd njhopy;
tha;g;Gfis ,of;fTk; toptFf;fpd;wJ.
gzk; gilj;j nry;te;ju;fshd
Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; xg;gPl;lstpy;
jkJ nry;t epiy fhuzkhf jkJ
Rje;jpuj;ijAk; Rf Nghfj;ijAk;
mDgtpf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. vkJ
ehl;ilg; ghu;j;jhy; ghy; mbg;gilapyhd
juTfNs mw;w epiyapy; jdpj;J
thOk; ngz;fs; gw;wp NkNyhl;lkhd
mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa
Muha Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. je;ij>
Mz;rNfhjuu;> fztd;> kfd;> kUkfd;
vd;w ghJfhtyu; epoypy; mbik tho;T
tho;tjw;Nf gof;fg;gl;L mjw;Fg;
Gwk;ghd ve;jnthU tho;f;if KiwAk;
ghJfhg;gw;wjhf r%ff;fl;Lg;ghl;il
kPWtjhff; fzpf;fg;gLk; Xu; r%ff;
fl;likg;gpy; ehk; ,g;NghJ tho;e;J
nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. mg;gb kPwpdhy;
Mz;fspd; mj;J kPwy;fs; Vw;glf;
fskikj;Jj; je;jjhf ngz;izNa
r%fk; Fiw nrhy;fpwJ. ,Ue;Jk;>
nry;te;ju;fshd ngz;fs; ,f;fl;Lf;
Nfhg;GfSf;fg;ghy; vk;kpilNa jdpj;J
tho;tJk; vkf;Fj; njupe;jNj. mtu;fSf;F
xOf;f tpjpfs; - r%ff;fl;Lg;ghLfs;
,y;iy. mtu;fis xUtUk; Nfs;tp Nfl;f
KbahJ. mtu;fSf;Fg; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
r%f me;j];J Njb tUfpwJ.
Mifapdhy; eLj;ju fPo; kl;lq;fspy; jhd;
ngz;Zf;fhd jdpj;J thOk; cupik
Nfs;tpf; Fwpahf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
ghy;a tpthfk;> tpjitfis
nkhl;ilabj;J jdpj;J thoitf;Fk;
nfhLik> cld;fl;ilNaWjy;
Nghd;w epiyikfspypUe;J ,yq;ifg;
ngz;fshfpa ehk; vt;tsNth Kd;Ndwp
tpl;lhYk;> %d;W jrhg;j Aj;jk; tlf;F
m. ngw;Nwhupy;yhj ngz;fs;.
M. kzk; Kbj;J Jiztid ,oe;j
ngz;fs;
,. Jiz ,y;yhkNy ,aq;Fk; ngz;fs;.
<. njhopy; fUjp ehL tpl;L ehL thOk;
ngz;fs;.
c. njhopYf;fhf njhopw;rhiyfspy;
tpLjpfspy; thOk; ngz;fs;.
C. fy;Y}up tpLjpfspy; thOk; ngz;fs;
v. cwTfNsaw;W thOk; ngz;fs;.
V. mehij ,y;yq;fspy; thOk; ngz;fs;.
I. njhopYf;fhf fztd; ntspehL
nrd;W tpl;l epiyapy; thOk;
ngz;fs;.
Nkw;$wpa gFg;NghL jkpo; epfz;Lfspy;
ngz; vd;gts; VO gUtq;fshfg;
ghu;f;fg;gLfpwhs;. Ngij> ngJk;ig>
mupit> njupit> kq;if> kle;ij>
Ngupsk;ngz; vd VO epiyapy; mts;
taJf;Nfw;g miof;fg;gLfpwhs;.
fpof;fpy; kl;Lkd;wp njw;fpYk; ,sk;
tpjitfs; mjpfupg;gjw;F ngUkstpy;
,lkspj;Js;sJ. ,tu;fspy; njw;fpy;
,we;j ,uhZt tPuu;fSf;F ,og;gPLfs;
toq;fg;gLtjhy; mtu;fs; jdpj;J
tho;tjpy; Fiwe;jsT rpukq;fisNa vjpu;
Nehf;fpd;wdu;. Mdhy; Nghuhspfshf
,Ue;J kPz;l FLk;gq;fSf;F kWtho;T
vd;gJ ,d;Dk; vl;lhf; fdpahfNt
,Ug;gJTk; mtu;fsJ neUq;fpa
nrhe;jq;fNs mtu;fis xJf;FtJk;
Ntjidf;FupaJ. ghfp];jhdpd; Ng\
hthu; (Peshawar) khdpyj;jpy; mjpfupj;J
tUk; nfhiy> nfhs;isr; rk;gtq;fisf;
Fiwf;Fk; cj;jpahfj; jdpj;J thOk;
ngz;fSf;F tPLfis thliff;F
tpLk; tPl;Lr; nrhe;jf;fhuUf;nfjpuhfNt
rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd;
%yk; ngz;fSf;F jdpj;J thOk;
cupik kWf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Nghd;w
epfo;Tfs; vkJ ehl;by; epfo;tJ Fiwthf
,Ue;jhYk;> Mzhjpf;f r%fj;jpy; ,sk;
tpjitfs; kl;Lkd;wp rpWkpfSk; ghypay;
ty;Ywtpw;Fl;gLtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
mz;ikapy; rpWtu;fisg;; ghJfhf;Fk;
epWtdk; xd;W ntspapl;l Gs;sp
tpgug;gb Vwf;Fiwa 100 ehl;fSf;Fs;
57000 ghypay; Jd;GWj;jy;; tof;Ffs;
mjhtJ ehnshd;wpw;F 570 tof;Ffs;
tPjk; gjpthfpd;wd. MfNt> ,d;dKk;
gjpag;glhj tof;Ffs; gw;wp epidj;Jg;
ghu;f;fNt Kbatpy;iy.
Mdhy;> ePjpkd;wq;fs; ,f;Fw;wq;fis
ghuJ}ukhf vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfj;
njupatpy;iy. rl;lj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;ljw;F
khwhf Fiwe;j jz;lg;gzk; mwtpLtJk;>
xj;jpitf;fg;gl;l rpiwj;jz;lidfs;
toq;FtJk; ghypay; gw;wp cyfshtpa
uPjpapy; Mz; r%fj;jpd; $Uzu;tpd;
vy;iyia Nfs;tpf;Fupajhf;fpAs;sJ.
,r;nray;fs; ,Uf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSf;F
J}gk; NghLtjhfNt ,Uf;f KbAk;.
,jdhNyNa ngz; mikg;Gfs; ghypay;
ty;Ywitj; jLf;Fk; eltbf;iffspy;
$Ljy; ftdk; vLj;J tUfpd;wd.
,g;gpupthdJ mtsJ cs cly;
Mw;wiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
Mf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhfj; njupfpwJ. ,e;jg;
gpd;dzpapy; vdJ fl;Liuiaj; njhFf;f
KidfpNwd;.
ngz; vd;why; Ngij> ngz;Gj;jp gpd;Gj;jp>
rhz;gps;isahdhYk; Mz;gps;is.
nghk;gpis rpupr;rhg; Nghr;R Nghapiy
tpupr;rh Nghr;R Nghd;w cSj;Jg;Nghd
Cdnkhopfis - <dnkhopfis
thdpypUe;J ,wq;fpa ,iwnkhopfshf
Vw;wpg; Nghw;Wk; rKjhaNk ehk; thOk;
,d;iwa r%fk;. ngz; MZf;F
mbikjhd; mts; jdpahf ,aq;;Fk;
Mw;wy; mw;wts;. - vy;yh tplaq;fspYk;
MNz Kjd;ikg;gLj;jg;gl;Lk; ngz;
gpd; js;sg;gl;Lk; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;
vd;w mbg;gilaw;w epahaj;Jf;F xt;thj
epiyg;ghL ,Wfp KWfpa faikr; r%fNk
ehk; thOk; r%fk;> ,j;jF fUj;jpaiyf;
nfhz;like;j kf;fl; $l;lj;Js; thOk;
ngz; cyfpy; jdpj;J thOk; NghJ vjpu;
nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs; gytifapd.
Kjypy; ngw;Nwhupy;yhj ngz;fis
Nehf;Fifapy; nghUshjhu uPjpahd
gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;f
Ntz;b Vw;gLfpwJ. mbg;gilj;
Njitf;fhd nryT> fy;tpf;fhd
nrytPdk; vd;gtw;Wf;Fg; gzkpy;yhj
epiyapNy czTf;Fk; ciwAs;Sf;Fkhf
mg;ngz;fs; gy;NtWgl;l ,d;dy;fSf;F
Mshfpd;wdu;. NkYk; rpWtu;fshf
,Uf;fpd;w gl;rj;jpy; kl;Lky;y taJ
te;j ngz;fSk; jk; cwtpdu;fshYk;>
maytu;fshYk; nghUshjhu trjpaPdk;
fUjp J\;gpuNahfj;Jf;F Mshfpd;w
Ju;g;ghf;fpa epiyapy; cs;shu;fs;.
ngw;Nwhupy;yhj ngz;fs;> kzk;
Kbj;Jj; Jiztid ,oe;j ngz;fs;>
Jiz ,y;yhkNy ,aq;Fk; ngz;fs;
mjpfkhf ghypay; uPjpahd td;Kiwf;F
Mshf;fg;gLtij ehk; md;whlk; fz;L
nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,tu;fspy;
rpyu; nghUspd;ik fhuzkhfTk;
ghypaiy RatpUg;gpd;wpNa njhopyhf
Vw;Wf;nfhz;Lk; cs;sdu;.
mLj;J FLk;gj;Jf;fhfTk;> Foe;ijfisf;
fiuNaw;wTk;> njhopy; Guptjw;fhfTk;
ehL tpl;L ehL nry;Yk; ngz;fs; cly;
csr; rpj;jputijfSf;F cs;shtJ
ngz; vd;Dk;
gjk; ghy; (Sex)>
ghy;epiy
(Gender) vd;w ,U
fUj;jpay;fspd;
mbg;gilapy;
r%ff; fl;likg;gpy;
ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ngz; vd;w
capupay; rhu;e;j
vz;zf;fU r%f
gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fisf; nfhz;L
myq;fupf;fg;gl;ljd; tpisthf
ngz;ikahf r%f kf;fs; kj;jpapy;
kpspu;fpd;wJ. ngz; vd;gts; vOjg;glhj
r%fr; rl;lkhd kuG vDk; goik
my;yJ njhd;ik vd;w fUj;jpaypDs;
Njha;j;J vLf;fg;gl;lts;. ghuk;gupa
kuG vd;gJ> MZf;Fk; ngz;Zf;Fk;
cupanjhd;whfTk; xU r%fj;jpdupd;
gz;ghl;ilf; fl;bf;fhg;gjw;fhfTk;
Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpduhNyNa njhd;ikf;
fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;L fhyk; fhykhf
eilKiwapNy Ngzg;gl;L tUtJkhFk;.
,k;kuGrhu; rpe;jidfs; jiyKiw
jiyKiwahf kf;fspd; FUjpNahL
,uz;lwf; fye;J kdjpy; Mokhfg;
gjpe;Jtpl;ljdhy; ,it fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
,ay;GfshfNt khwptpl;ld. ,t;thW
cUthf;fpg; Ngzg;gl;L tUfpd;w rl;lf;
kl;Lky;yhky; ghypay; td;Kiwf;Fk;
Mshf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; vjw;fhf
jkJ nrhe;j ge;jq;fisAk; nrhe;j
kz;izAk; tpl;L tpl;Lg; nghUs;
Njlntdr; nry;fpwhu;fNsh me;jg;
nghUSk; rk;gsKk; mtu;fSf;F
Kiwahff; fpilg;gjpy;iy. NkYk; FLk;g
eyDf;fhf mtu;fs; ,j;jid Jauj;ijAk;
Rke;J nfhz;L jpUk;gp tUifapy;
mtspd; Foe;ij je;ijahNyNah my;yJ
ahNuDk; cwtpduhNyNah ghypay;
uPjpahfNth my;yJ NtW tifapNyh
td;Kiwf;fhshfpapUf;Fk;> fztd;
FLk;gj;ijf; iftpl;L tpl;L NtNwhu;
tho;f;iff;Fr; nrd;wpUg;ghd;.
njhopYf;fhf njhopw;rhiy
tpLjpfspNy trpf;Fk; ngz;fs; jkJ
njhopiyj; jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
Nkyjpfhupfspd; fhk ,r;irf;F ,ire;Jk;
tise;Jk; elf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,y;iynad Kuz;L gpbj;jhy; mtu;fs;
Ntiy fhypahtJ kl;Lky;y mtu;fs;
Nky; jpUl;Lg;gl;lKk; fl;b mtu;fisg;
nghyprpy; xg;gilf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fSk;
,y;yhky; ,y;;iy. fy;Y}up tpLjpfspy;
thOk; ngz;fs; jkJ tPL cw;whu;>
cwtpdiu tpl;L tpl;Lj; jdpNa GjpanjhU
#oypy; thoNtz;b ,Ug;gJld;
jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fs; jiyikj;Jtj; jpwidj;
jkJ ifapy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ.
- tp[pjh rptghyd;
(tpupTiuahsu;> ,yq;if kd;wf; fy;Y}up)
fUj;jpay;fs; r%fj;jpy; MZf;Fk;
ngz;Zf;Fk; NtWgl;L mikfpd;wd.
kuGk; kuGrhu; gz;ghLk;
gof;ftof;fq;fSk; xt;nthU r%fj;jpYk;
Mz;fSf;F NtwhfTk; ngz;fSf;F
NtwhfTk; fl;likf;fg;gl;L
jdpegu;> FLk;gk;> r%fk; vd;W
flj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; mbg;gilapy;
jhd; xUtUf;Fupa tfpgq;F> me;j];J
vd;gd tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,JNt
Mz;fSf;F FLk;gj;jpYk; r%fj;jpYk;
cau; me;j];ijAk;> ngz;fSf;F ,uz;lhk;
kw;Wk; jho;epiyiaAk; toq;fpAs;sJ.
Mz;fSf;fhd tfpgq;F epiyfSk;
me;j];Jk; Kuz;ghbd;wp jdpj;Jtk;
ngw;wjd; tpisthf Mzhjpf;fk; vd;w
rpe;jidg;Gyk; r%fj;jpy; cUthdJ.
ngz;fspd; tfpgq;F rhu;G epiyAilajhf
,Ue;jJld; tfpgq;F Kuz;ghLk; (Role
Conict) fhzg;gl;lJ.
,e;j kuG rhu;e;j gz;ghlhdJ tfpgq;F>
me;j];J vd;gtw;wpy; kl;Lky;yhky;>
gz;Grhu; mbg;gilapYk; nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. Mz; vd;gtd; mwpT>
Mw;wy;> rf;jp> jpwik Nghd;w gz;Gfs;
cs;stdhfTk;> ngz; vd;gts; mikjp>
mwpahik> fw;G Nghd;w gz;Gfs;
cs;stshfTk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;shs;.
,jd; mbg;gilapy; r%fj;jpy; Mz;
jdpikf; nfhLikia mtu;fs; czuj;
njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpNy
jhd; mtu;fSf;F cjTk; rpNefq;fshf
rpyu; el;igj; njhlq;Ftu;. me;el;G fhy
fjpapy; Xupdr; Nru;f;ifapy; nfhz;L Ngha;
js;Sfpw re;ju;g;gq;fSk; cz;L.
,j;jifa gpur;rpidfspypUe;J
tpLgl fy;tpawpT ngz;fSf;Fg;
gpujhdkhdjhFk;. mNjNghy
jw;fhyj;jpy; jdpj;J thOk;NghJ
gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;;F Kfk; nfhLf;f
Ntz;bapUg;gjhy; jw;fhg;Gf; fiyiag;
gapy;tJk; ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy;
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,tu;fs; jq;fs; cly;
jFjpiag; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fwpj;j rpy
njhopy;fs; jhd; vkf;Fupait vd;gijg;
Gwe;js;sp gy;NtW njhopy;fshYk; jk;
nghUshjhuj;ij cau;j;jpf; nfhs;tjd;
%yk; jq;fp thOk; epiyapy; ,Ue;J
kPz;L nfhs;syhk;. NkYk; ngz;fSf;F
rl;luPjpahf cs;s ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wp
tpopg;Gzu;T epfo;Tfs; elj;jg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. jkf;F rl;lg;gbAs;s
cupikfisAk;> ghJfhg;igAk; rupahd
Kiwapy; czu;e;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; gy
gpur;rpidfspypUe;Jk; tpLglf; $ba
tha;g;Gz;L.
vd;gtd; r%fj;ijf; fskhff;
nfhz;L jd;id Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpAk;>
ngz; vd;gts; ,y;yk; vd;gijj;
jd; cupikahf;fpf; nfhz;Lk;
tho;e;Js;sdu;. ,y;yk; mtsJ
cyfkhff; fUjg;gl;ljdhy; mts;
rhu;GepiyAilatshfTk; rhu;e;J
tho;gtshfTk; thoj;jiyg;gl;lNghJ
mtsJ RahjPd ,af;fk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ngz;zhdts;
gpwg;G> tsu;g;G> czT> cil> elj;ij
ntspg;ghL> czu;T ntspg;ghL>
,aq;Fntsp> Rarpe;jid> tpUg;G kw;Wk;
Ez;jpwd;rhu; jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;> jpUkzk;>
FLk;g tfpgq;F epiy vd;w midj;jpYk;
kugpd; Ml;rpapy; rpiwg;gl;bUf;fpd;whs;.
,j;jifa kuGrhu; rpe;jidg;Gyj;jpy;
tsu;e;J tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ngz;fs;
kj;jpapy; jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fs;
vd;Nghu; vj;jifa gpur;rpidfisAk;
rthy;fisAk; vjpu;nfhs;s
Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ ghuJ}ukhd
tplakhFk;. jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fs;
ahu;? Vd; mtu;fs; jdpj;J thoj;
jiyg;gl;lhu;fs;? vd;w tpdhf;fSf;F
Kjypy; tpil fhz Ntz;bAs;sJ.
tpUg;gj;jpw;Fk; tpjptrj;jpw;Fk; Vw;g
jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs;> jpUkzk; nra;J
fztDld; tho Kbahky; fztidg;
gpupe;J my;yJ tpthfuj;Jg; ngw;W thOk;
ngz;fs;> tpjitg; ngz;fs;> Kj;jpiu
Fj;jp xJf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; vd;W jdpj;J
thOk; ngz;fis tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
tpUg;gj;jpw;Fk; tpjptrj;jpw;Fk; Vw;g
jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs; vDk; NghJ>
cWkPd; tUksTk; thbapUf;Fk;
nfhf;F Nghy ,tu;fs; jkJ tpUg;G
ntWg;GfSf;Fk;> ,yl;rpaj;jpw;Fk;
Vw;w cupa Mz;kfd; fpilf;fhjjdhy;
jpUkzk; nra;ahky; tho;ehisf;
fopj;jtu;fs;. ,tu;fis Kjpu; fd;dpfs;
vd;W r%fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLthu;fs;.
,tu;fs; fy;tpapYk; nghUshjhuj;jpYk;
me;j];jpYk; cau;thf ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
tpjptrj;jpdhy; jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs;
vDk; NghJ fhjy;tag;gl;L mjw;fhff;
fhj;jpUe;J tho; ehisf; fopj;jtu;fSk;>
rPjdkpd;ikahy; jpUkzk; nra;a
tha;g;gpy;yhj ngz;fSk;> jpUkzg;
Ngr;ir Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yTk; elj;jTk;
ahUkpy;yhjtu;fSk; kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l
Neha;fshy; gPbf;fg;gl;ltu;fSk;
gpwg;ghYk; rpy rk;gtq;fshYk;
mq;ftPdKw;w ngz;fSk; ,jw;Fs;
mlq;Ftu;.
jpUkzk; nra;J fztDld; tho
Kbahky; fztidg; gpupe;J my;yJ
tpthfuj;Jg; ngw;W thOk; ngz;fs;
vd;gtu;fs; fztdpd; nfhLikapdhy;
mtNdhL tho Kbahky; gpupe;J jdpj;J
tho;gtu;fs;. ,tu;fs; ngUk;ghYk;
Foe;ijfSlDk; Foe;ijfs; ,y;yhky;
jdpj;Jk; tho;fpd;whu;fs;. jpUkzk;
nra;J rpwpJ fhyj;jpw;Fs; fztdpd;
elj;ijapy; khw;wj;ij czu;e;jtu;fSk;
Foe;ijapd;ik kw;Wk; fztdpd;
ntWg;Gf;Fs;shdtu;fSk; fztidg;
gpupe;J my;yJ tpthfuj;Jg; ngw;wtu;fs;.
,tu;fs; xU Foe;ijAld; my;yJ
Foe;ij ,y;yhky; tho;thu;fs;. ,sk;
taJilatu;fs; vd;gjhy; ,tu;fs;
kWkzk; nra;af;$ba epiyapy;
,Ug;gtu;fs;. NkYk;> jpUkzk; nra;J
Foe;ijfSld; thOk; FLk;gr; RikAs;s
ngz;fSk; mlq;Ftu;. ,j;jifa
ngz;fisr; r%fk; thoh ntl;b vd;W
Kj;jpiu Fj;JtijAk; fhzyhk;.
tpjitg; ngz;fs; vDk; NghJ> fle;j
fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j Nghu; kw;Wk; Rdhkp
Nghd;w mdu;j;jq;fspdhYk; Neha;> tpgj;J>
jw;nfhiy Nghd;w rk;gtq;fshYk;
fztid ,oe;J jdpj;J thOk;
ngz;fshthu;. ,tu;fspy; KJikg;
ngz;fSk; ,sk; ngz;fSk; mlq;Ftu;;.
FLk;gr; RikNahL gps;isfNshL
tho;gtu;fSk; gps;isfisj; jpUkzk;
nra;J nfhLj;Jk; my;yJ ntspehl;bw;F
mDg;gp tpl;Lj; jdpNa tho;gtu;fSk;
cs;sdu;. Kj;jpiu Fj;jp xJf;fg;gl;l
ngz;fs; Nghd;Nwhu;fspy; rpW
tajpNyNa cwtpduhYk; gpwuhYk;
ghypay; ty;Ywtpw;F cs;shf;fg;gl;l
ngz;fs;> elj;ij kw;Wk; gz;G uPjpahf
r%fj;jpypUe;J gpwo;e;J tho;gtu;fs;>
VNjh xU re;ju;g;gtrj;jpdhy; rpiwf;Fr;
nrd;W jpUk;gp te;jtu;fs;> czu;r;rp
Ntfj;jpd; fhuzkhf nfhiy Kaw;rpapy;
<Lgl;ltu;fs;> tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
,ize;J jpUk;gTk; r%fj;jpDs; Eioe;j
ngz;fs; vd;W ,tu;fis ,dq; fhzyhk;.
,d;Dk; xu; tifapduhfj; jdpj;J
thOk; ,sk; ngz;fisAk; fhz
Kbfpd;wJ. ,tu;fs; jpUkz taij
mile;Jk; VNdh ,d;Dk; jpUkzk;
nra;a Kbahky;; r%fj;jpy; thOk; NghJ
Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpd; Nfs;tpf; fizfspd;
Jisg;Gfisj; jhq;f Kbahky;
mr;r%fj;ij tpl;L ,d;ndhU r%fj;jpy;
jdpNa tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
NkYk;> jpUkzk; nra;J fztd;
ntspehl;by; trpg;gjdhy; fztdplk;
Nghf Kbahj epiy fhuzkhf fztid
ePz;l fhykhfg; gpupe;J thOk; ngz;fs;.
,tu;fs; FLk;gj;Jld; xw;Wikahf
,Ue;jhYk; ,tu;fSila tho;f;if
jdpikapNyNa fopfpd;wJ. jdpj;J thOk;
ngz;fspy; cau;ju epiyg; ngz;fs;
r%fj;jpy; tuNtw;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;;
kjpf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. ,tu;fs; fy;tp>
nghUshjhuk;> gjtp kw;Wk; me;j];J
Mfpatw;wpy; cau;epiyapy; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
kj;jpaju epiyg; ngz;fs; jhd; r%fj;jpd;
gpbapy; rpf;Fz;L my;yy;gLthu;fs;.
,tu;fs; ,g;gbj;jhd; tho Ntz;Lk;
vd;w r%ff; Nfhl;ghl;bd; fPo; tho
NeupLtjhy; ,tu;fisr; r%fk; ve;NeuKk;
G+jf; fz;zhb nfhz;L mtjhdpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jho;ju epiyg; ngz;fs;
tPjpNa tPlhff; nfhz;L tho;gtu;fs;.
mj;Jld; ,tu;fisr; r%fk; fUj;jpy;
nfhs;tjpy;iy vd;gjdhy; ,tu;fs;
vg;gbAk; thoyhk; vd;w kdg;Nghf;fpy;
fhyk; fopg;gtu;fs;. ,t;thW jdpj;J
thOk; ngz;fis gy tiff;Fs; nfhz;L
tu Kbfpd;wJ. ,g;ngz;fs; jdpj;J
tPl;bNyh> tpLjpapNyh my;yJ tPjpapNyh
$l tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
nghJthf ,sik - KJik vd;w
tho;f;if tl;lj;jpDs; epd;W
RoYfpd;whu;fs;. ,sikapd; CrYf;Fk;
rydj;jpw;Fk; MshFtJld; ,tu;fsJ
,sikNa ,tu;fSf;F Mgj;jhfTk;
mikfpd;wJ. mNjNtis mtu;fSila
KJik mtu;fSf;F xU jilf;fy;yhfTk;
mikfpd;wJ.
r%fj;jpy; nghJthf> jiyikj;Jtk;
vd;gJ Mz;fSf;Fupa xU jpwd; vd;w
kdg;ghq;F epyTk; #oypy; jdpj;J thOk;
ngz;fs; jiyikj;Jtj; jpwidj; jkJ
ifapy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ.
ngz;fs; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;w
fUj;jpaypy; vd;djhd; Kd;Ndw;wk;
Vw;gl;lhYk; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gJ
Mz;fspd; mzpfyd; vd;w kdg;ghq;Frhu;
rpe;jid ,Ug;gjdhy;> jdpj;J thOk;
ngz;fs; tfpgq;F Kuz;ghl;bid
vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; clyhy;
ngz;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; cs;sj;jhy;
MzhfTk; ngz;zhfTk; gq;nfLf;f
Ntz;bAs;sJ. mj;jifa ,ul;il
tfpgq;fpy; ,lu;gLk; ngz;fisg; ghu;j;J
r%fk; ghtk;> mt Mk;gpis khjpup
Ntiy nra;fpwh vd;W mq;fjf; ftp
ghLfpd;wJ. ,tu;fs; ngz; cUtj;jpy;
thOk; Mz;. Mz; kdk; gilj;j ngz;
vd;W epidf;fpd;wJ. cz;ikapy;
,tu;fSila ,j;jifa ,ul;ilr;
Rikiar; Rkf;f Rikjhq;fpahf ahUk;
,y;iy vd;gijr; r%fk; rpe;jpf;fj;
jtWfpd;wJ. nghUshjhuk; <l;ly;;>
ghJfhg;G> FLk;gf; flikfs;> r%f
tfpgq;F vd;gtw;wpNy mtu;fs;
mq;fj;Jtk; tfpf;f Ntz;bapUg;gjhy;
,tu;fSf;F r%fj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
ngz;ikrhu; gz;Gfs; ,y;iy vd;W
[
D
E
H
A
F
K
;
G
H
J
F
H
G
;G
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tu;fs; ,ul;il Ntlk;

jupf;f Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ vd;gij kwe;J
tpLfpd;wJ.
jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fisf; Fwpg;ghf ,sk;
ngz;fis jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;Jld;
ghu;j;jy;> jtwhd Kiwapy; mZFjy;>
gad;gLj;j Kidjy; vd;gd Mz;fshYk;
gpw ngz;fshYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
cz;ikapy; ve;j tpjkhd MjuTkpd;wp
jdpj;J thOk; NghJ ngz;fs; kl;Lky;y>
Mz;fSk; nfhO nfhk;G Njbg; glUk;
nfhb Nghy cjtpiaAk; MjuitAk;
ehLtJk; tpUk;GtJk; ,ay;ghdJ.
Mdhy; jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fsplk;
cjtpAk; MjuTk; nra;tjhff; $wp
mtu;fisj; jtwhfg; gad;gLj;JtJ
mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ. xUtupd; jdpik>
MjuT> Mjq;fk;> gytPdk; vd;gtw;iwj;
jtwhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; r%fj;jpy; ,j;jifa
ngz;fs; ,yFtpy; rpf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;whu;fs;
jdpik epiyapy; thOk; ngz;fs;
r%fj;ij tpNuhjkhfNt juprpg;ghu;fs;.
mj;Jld; jdpj;j thOk; ngz;fs;
jkJ tifg;ghl;bd; epiyikapd;
mbg;gilapy; Mz;fis vjpupfshfTk;>
je;jpNuhghaKs;stu;fshfTk;> gupRj;j
GU\uhfTk;> nrhu;f;fkhfTk; gy;NtW
tpjkhfTk; jkJ taJ> mDgtk;> Kjpu;r;rp
vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fthu;fs;.
NkYk; ,j;jifa ngz;fs; r%fj;Jldhd
njhlu;ghlypy; kpfTk ftdkhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; njhlu;ghL
nfhs;tjD}lhfj; jkJ gytPdk;> Mjq;fk;
vd;gd ntspNa njupa te;J tpLNkh vd;w
gaKk; kw;wtu;fs; Vkhw;wp tpLthu;fs;
vd;Wk; epidg;ghu;fs;. mj;Jld;
,tu;fspd; rpe;jidfisAk; fUj;JfisAk;
mjw;Fk; mg;ghy; cs;s czu;TfisAk;
nrtprha;f;f ahUk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhu;fs;.
cz;ikapy; ,j;jifa ngz;fis
guptpuf;fj;Jld; ghu;g;gij tpl (Sympathy
- xUtUf;fhf ,uq;Fjy;) czu;T
xd;wpg;Gld; (Empathy - xUtUila
epiyapy; epd;W ehKk; ghu;f;FkhW
mtUld; czu;tpdhy; xd;Wgly;)
ghu;f;Fk; NghJ mtu;fSk; r%fj;jpy;
re;Njh\khf tho KbAk;. ,t;thW
re;ju;g;g #o;epiyahy; jdpik epiyiag;
ngw;w ngz;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;gijg;
Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs;
r%fj;jpy; jdpj;J tho Neupl;lhy;
mtu;fSf;F ,lkspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mtu;fSila jiyikj;Jtj;ij
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd;
r%fj;jpy; JzpTk; jd;dk;gpf;ifAk;
nfhz;l ngz;fs; cUthFthu;fs;.
mgptpUj;jprhu; Kd;Ndw;wg; ghijapy;
mtu;fspd; tfpgq;Fk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy;
mikAk;.
z; Foe;ij
gpwf;Fk; NghJ
ngw;whu;> cw;whu;> rNfhjuu;>
cwtpdu;> Ngud;> Ngj;jp>
Rw;wk; vdr; Rfkhd
#o;epiyapy; gpwe;J
gy gbfisj; jhz;b
tpjtpjkhd mDgtq;fNshL
tsu;r;rpailfpd;wJ. gUt
taijf; fle;jJk; jdf;nfdj;
jdpj;Jtkhd tho;f;ifnahd;iw
FLk;gKk;> cwTfSk; mikj;Jf;
nfhLf;fpd;wd.
mjd; gpd;du; jhd; mg;ngz;
Foe;ijf;Fj; jdJ jdpj;Jtkhd
epiy gw;wpa vz;zf; fU
Jspu; tplj; njhlq;FfpwJ.
,e;j vz;zk;> FLk;g
xOq;F> rKjhaf; fl;likg;G>
rka tpOkpaq;fs;> kuG
rhu;e;j ghuk;gupaq;fs; vd;w khngUk;
RikfNshNlNa jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ijg;
NgZk; Mw;wiy mts; njhlu
Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ.
,j;jifa epiyg;ghl;bw;Fg; ngUk;
Fe;jfkhf ek; ehl;ilg; nghWj;jstpy;
,lk;ngw;w gy fhy Aj;jKk; mjNdhL
njhlu;e;j ,lg;ngau;Tfs;> ,og;Gfs;>
td;nray;fs;> fhzhky; Nghjy;fs; vd
,lk;ngw;w td;kq;fs; kf;fs; ahtiuANk
gLNkrkhf tUj;jpdhYk;> ,jdhy;
ngz;fs; mile;j ghjpg;Ng mjpfk;
vdyhk;.
fhuzk; FLk;gk; vd;w myfpy;
Nghupdhy; ,we;j> fhzhky; Nghd>
fhaKw;w mq;fq;fis ,oe;j Mz;fspd;
njhif ngz;fis tpl mjpfkhdJ.
MZk; ngz;Zk; ,ize;jjhd FLk;g
myFfisf; nfhz;l vkJ rKjhaj;jpy;
Mzpd; ,og;G mf;FLk;gj;ij mjpfkhfg;
ghjpj;jjhYk; gy nghWg;GfNshLk;>
RikfNshLk; jdpj;J tplg;gl;bUg;gts;
ngz;zhfNt ,Uf;f Neu;e;J tpLfpd;wJ.
jdpiknaDk; tpuf;jpahy;
NtjidAWk; ngz;fs;
ng
XupU FLk;gq;fspy; Fz;L tPr;rpdhYk;>
nghk;gu; mbfshYk; rpy ngz;fs;
,we;jhYk; mf;FLk;gq;fisg;
guhkupf;fNth my;yJ ghJfhf;fNth>
ghu;itaplNth nghUshjhu trjpAila
Mzpdhy; Kbfpd;wJ. my;yJ kWkzk;
nra;J Rfkhf thof; $bajhy; cjtpfisg;
ngwf; $bajhd tha;g;Gk; mtDf;F
cldbahff; fpl;b tpLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;
,j;jifa epiyf;Fk; jd;id Mshf;Fk;
ngz; gy jlitfs; Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mj;NjhL gy ,d;dy;fSf;F Kfk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. gyUila cjtpfSk;>
MjuTfSk; $lj; Njitg;gLk;. mg;gb
,e;epiy khwpdhYk; me;j tho;f;if
ntw;wpfukhf XLfpwNjh vd;why; mJTk;
ngUk; Nfs;tpf; FwpahfNt mikAk;.
ngz;fs; XusthtJ fy;tp fw;Nwh> njhopw;
gapw;rp ngw;Nwh jkJ nghUshjhuj;ijg;
G+u;j;jp nra;af; $batuhf XusT
,Ue;jhYk;> jdpj;J thOk; ngz;fsJ
ghJfhg;G vd;gJ ghupa gpur;rpidahfNt
ghu;f;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ehk;
fy;tpapYk;> tpQ;Qhdj;jpYk;> njhopy;
El;gq;fspYk; tsu;r;rp Nehf;fpg; Ngha;f;
nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vd khu;G jl;b
,Wkhg;Gf; nfhs;Sk; Ntisapy; vkJ
r%fj;jpy; ngz;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;G
ve;jstpy; fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdg;
ghu;j;jhy;> mijg; gw;wpr; rPz;LthNu
,y;iy. mg;ghYk; NtypNa gapiu
Nka;fpd;w rk;gtq;fs; jhd; kype;J
fplf;fpd;wd. ,jw;Fr; rhd;whfg;
ghlrhiy nry;Yk; khztpfs;
gazpf;Fk; ghijfspYk;> gbf;Fk;
ghlrhiyfspYk; Mz; Mrpupau;fs;>
mjpgu;fshy; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fs;shFk;
nra;jpfisg; gj;jpupiffspy; ehk; mbf;fb
ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
tPLfspYk; $lr; rpy ngz;fSf;F
ez;gu;fshy;> maytu;fshy; neUq;fpa
cwtpdu;fshy;> ngw;w jfg;gd;>
rNfhjuu;fs; Nghd;NwhupdhYNk ghypay;
mr;RWj;jy;fs;> nfhLikfs;> ghjpg;Gfs;
vd;gd epfo;e;j tz;zNk cs;sd
vd;gij kiwg;gjw;fpy;iy. gak;> ntl;fk;>
mwpahik> tpNtff; FiwT Njitaw;w
gifikia cz;lhf;Fk; vd;w vz;ztY
vd;gtw;why; ,it kOq;fbf;;fg;gl;Lr;
re;jpf;F tuhj nra;jpfshf kq;fp kiwe;J
tpLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa tplaq;fisg; ngz;
mikg;Gfs;> ngz;fs; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy;
kpf;f <LghL nfhz;Nlhu;> ,J
njhlu;ghd Ma;thsu;fs; ,tw;iwr; Rl;bf;
fhl;bdhYk; ,it kfspu; kd;wq;fspd;
thyhakhd rq;fjpfs; jhNdnad;W vt;tpj
ftdpg;Gkpd;wpg; gj;NjhL gjpndhd;whf
kwf;fg;gl;LtpLk;.
,j;jifa rk;gtq;fspdhy; cly;epiy
kl;Lkd;wp kdepiy ghjpg;gile;j
ngz;fSk; VuhskhNdhu; ek;Kld; tho;e;J
tUfpd;wdu;. Gfo; G+j;j ehtyhrpupaUk;
jiyrpwe;j ,yf;fpathjpAk; ngz;fs;
njhlu;ghd gy Ma;Tfis elhj;jp kpfr;
rpwe;j Ma;Tf;fl;Liufisnay;yhk;
jkpo; $Wk; ey;Yyfpw;F cte;jspj;j
ngUikfs; nghUe;jpa ngz;kzp uh[k;
fpU\;zd;. mtu; 90fis vl;ba epiyapNy
itj;jparhiyapYk; KjpNahu; ,y;yj;jpYk;
epk;kjpapd;wpg; gy;NtW Jauq;fisAk;
tUj;jq;fisAk; Rke;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;
nfhLik vkf;nfy;yhk; ngUk;
Ntjid jUk; nra;jpahFk;. gpugykhd
nghwpapayhsuhfj; njhopy; Gupe;j jpU.
fpU\;zdpd; kidtpahf tho;e;j uh[k;
fpU\;zd; CrpAk; E}Yk; vd;w jdJ
KjyhtJ rpWfij %yk; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w
vOj;jhsu; Mdhu;. fztd; ,lkhw;wk;
ngw;Wr; nry;Yk; ,lq;fnsy;yhk;
Foe;ijfsw;w ,j;jk;gjp gpwu;
Foe;ijfisNa jk; nry;tkhff; nfhz;L
gy;NtW gFjpfspy; thOk; mDgtj;ijg;
ngw;wdu;. mjdhy; me;je;j kz;Zf;Fupa
thridfNshLk;> mq;F thOk; ngz;fspd;
kdg;ghq;F> tho;f;ifg; Nghf;F> Jd;g
Jauq;fs;> ek;gpf;iffs;> Kuz;ghLfs;
vd;gtw;iwnay;yhk; tpgupf;Fk; ,tuJ
gilg;Gfs; ngz;fs; gpur;rpidfisj;
Jy;ypakhf tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,g;gbg; gy
E}y;fis. rpWfijfis> ehty;fis>
fl;Liufis Mf;fpj; je;jtu; uh[k;
fpU\;zd;. gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ngz;fspd;
tho;Tf;F topfhl;b xspNaw;wp itj;j
,tu; ,d;W> ngupjhf ahUk; ftdpg;ghud;wp
nghd;Dk; nghUSk; ,oe;J tho;tpd;
tpuf;jpahd Gyk;gy;fNshL jdpj;Jg; Ngha;
NtjidAw;W tNahjpgu; klnkhd;wpy;
Klq;fpf; fplg;gij vz;zpg; ghu;f;f vk;
kdNk Vq;Ffpd;wJ. Mapuf;fzf;fhd
ngz;fSf;Fj; jd; fhypy; epw;f topfhl;b
ngz;fspd; cupikfis Neu;j;jpahfr; rPu;J}
f;fp myrp Muha;e;J mtw;wpw;fhd jPu;Tfis
fz;lwpa topfhl;ba ngUkfspd; epiy
,d;W ,t;thW ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,g;gbNa trjpAk; tha;g;Gk; gpugyKk;
nfhz;l vOj;jhsu; rptrq;fup
mtu;fSk; $l> KJik jiy ePl;bagpd;
clw;jsw;rpapd; NghJk; XusT jd;id
Rjhupj;Jf; nfhz;L tho;e;J tUfpd;whu;.
fw;wtu;fs;> mwpTilatu;fs;> nghUshjhu
trjp gilj;Njhu; MfpNahUf;Fr; rpy
FiwghLfs; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,Ue;jhYk;
Kd; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ltw;why; mtu;fsJ
gpur;rpidfs; jPu tha;g;Gz;L. Mdhy;
jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,sk; ngz;fs;
Foe;ij Fl;bfnsd;w nghWg;GfNshL
gpur;rpidf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLg;gnjd;gJ
kpf kpfj; Ju;mjp\;ltrkhdJ. mj;NjhL
jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; Foe;ij
Fl;bfs; ngw;w nghWg;Gfsw;w ,sk;
ngz;fs; vj;jid ,lu; te;j NghJk;
,sik> cly; typik> Mu;tk;
Mfpatw;wpd; ce;Jjyhy; jkf;Nfw;gLk;
gpur;rpidfSf;F gpwUila cjtpia
ehbahtJ jPu;T fhz KbAk;. Mdhy;
Foe;ijfs; cs;NshUk; taJ Kjpu;e;J
jsu;e;J Nghd ngz;fSk; jkJ
md;whlf; flikfis epiwNtw;wNt
gpwiu vjpu;ghu;j;jpUg;gJk; Nkyjpfkhd
NjitfSf;fhfg;gLk; Jd;gKk; nrhy;ypy;
tpsf;f Kbahjit. ,j;jifNahUf;fhd
cjtp xj;jhirfis nra;a murhq;fk;
vt;tpjkhd epge;jidAkpd;wp Kd;tUtNj
nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. Mz;fis tplg;
ngz;fspd; NjitfSk; gpur;rpidfSk;
mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; jha;f;Fyj;jpw;Fj;
jiytzq;FNthuidtUk;
,g;gpur;rpidfis ed;F Muha;e;J jdpj;J
tplg;gl;Lj; Jd;GWk; ngz;fSf;Ff;
$ba rYiffSk; ghJfhg;Gkspf;f
Kd;tu Ntz;Lnkd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;l
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.
fyh
uhzp : ,Q;r... mts; Rjhitg; ghj;jpNa GUrd; ,y;yhk ,uz;L
gps;isfisAk; vg;gpb tsu;f;fpwhs; vz;L?
&gh : Xk;.. Xk;.. vq;fNgha; vg;gpb fhR rk;ghjpf;fpwhNsh njupahJ..
uhzp : Va;.. ,g;gpb fijf;fhj.. mts; jhd; gbr;r gbg;Gf;F Vj;j khjpup filapy
Nry;]; Nfsh Nty nra;Awhs;
&gh : Xk;..Xk;.. vd;dj;j tpf;fpwhntz;L MUf;Fj; njupAk;?
uhzp : nghj;J thia ,g;gpbf; fijf;f cdf;F tha; $RwJ ,y;iyah?
&gh : Vd; ,g;g ,g;gpb fj;Jwha;.. Cupy vy;yhUk;jhd; mtsg;gj;jp
fijfijah nrhy;yPdk;..cythia %bdhYk; Cu; thia %NlYNk?
uhzp : Rk;kh.. Ngh.. juq;nfl;l Cu;.. tho;e;jYk; NgRk;. jho;e;jhYk; NgRk;.
mts; GUridg; gwpnfhLj;Jtpl;L ,uz;L gps;isaNshil
Nwhl;by epf;Nff;f ve;j Cu; mtSf;F cjtpdJ. ,g;g mts;
Ntiyf;Fg; Ngha; ehY fhR rk;ghjpj;J gps;isais tsf;fj;
njhlq;f Cuhk; Cu;..
&gh : rup mJf;F mts; Vd; ,g;gpb nghl;L itr;R cLj;jpAk; fyu; fyuh
cLj;jpf; nfhz;L Nghf NtZk;.
uhzp : ,Q;Nr.. ce;jf; fijia tpL.. mtSf;F taJ 28. mts; ghu;f;fpwJ
Nry;]; Nfs; Ntiy. filaSf;F Mf;fs; te;J rhkhd;fs; Ntz;l
NtZk;. mts; mofh kyu;e;j Kfj;Jld; ,Uf;f NtZk;. nghl;L
Kfj;j mofhf;fj;jhd;. mJ xz;Lk; GUrd; nfhLj;jJ ,y;y..
&gh : k;..k;... ePAk; cd;u fijAk; tpjit tpjitjhd;. mJ 28Nlh 58Nlh..
tpjitnaz;lh mJf;Nfj;j khjpup elf;f NtZk;
uhzp : ,q;Nf..cd;idg;Nghy Mf;fNshl fijr;R Ntiyapy;y..eP Ngh..
ce;j khjpup fijaNshl ,q;f vd;dl;il tuhj. ePq;f mtis
thoTk; tplkhl;Bq;fs;. rhfTk; tplkhl;Bq;fs;.
uhzp : ,Q;Nr.. mts; Rjhitg; ghj;jpNa.. GUrd; ,y;yhk ,uz;L
gps;isaisAk; vg;gpb tsu;f;fpwhs; vz;L..
&gh : Xk;..Xk;.. vq;f Ngha; fhR rk;ghjpf;fpwhNsh njupahJ..
uhzp : Xkb.. filapy Nry;]; Nfshk;..
&gh : X.. vd;dj;j Nry;]; gz;whNsh njupahJ..
uhzp : `p..`p.. Xkb gpd;Nduk; NeuQ; nry;yj;jhd; tPl;Lf;F te;jhs;
&gh : X filapy Ntiy vz;L nrhy;Ywhs;. mJf;f kpDf;fpf; nfhz;L tpj
tpjkh cLg;GfSk; nghl;Lk; Msg; ghj;jpNa..
uhzp : gpd;d.. filf;F vj;jid Ngu; tUtpdk;. `..`..
&gh : GUrd; ,y;iynaz;l ftiy nfhQ;rk; $l Kfj;jpy njupa ,y;y..
GUrid ,oe;jts; khjpupah njupAJ..
uhzp : Xkb.. ,g;gpbahd nghk;gpisashiy vq;fisg; Nghy FLk;g
ngz;fSf;F nfl;l ngau;
&gh : Xkb nghk;gpsas; ,g;gpbj;jhd;.. vz;LjhNd ntspapy fijf;fpdk;.
mtSf;nfd;d ,uz;L gps;isas; ,Uf;F mJfs tsj;J tpl;lh fhZk;
jhNd? mJf;F ,g;gpb kpDf;fpf; nfhz;L Nghf NtZNk..
hzp : Mu; fz;lJ taJ mg;gpb
&gh : ,J ey;y fij.. 18 tanrz;lhYk;> tpjit tpjit jhNd.. gps;isfSk;
,Uf;F..
uhzp : k;.. ,J fyp fhyk;
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nfhw;wit
re;jh tpz;zg;gg; gbtk; 2012
ngah;/mikg;G (
Kfthp (

njhiyNgrp ,y. (
fhNrhiy ,y. ( fhRf;fl;lis ,y.
ifnahg;gk; ( jpfjp
xuhz;Lf;fhd re;jh - ,yq;if &. 200/-

ntspehl;L re;jh tpguk; - ,e;jpah &. 200/-
g+h;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l tpz;zg;gg; gbtq;fis mDg;gpitf;f Ntz;ba Kfthp : Women and Media Collective,
56/1> Sarasavi Lane, Off Castle Street, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka. fhNrhiyfs; Women and Media Collective vd;w
ngaUf;F Rajagiriya Post Ofce ,y; khw;wf;$bathW mDg;gpitf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
njhiyNgrp:+94 11 5632045> njhiyefy;:+94 011 2690192 kpd;dQ;ry;: wmcsrilanka@gmail.com

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SOL 2011 Issue 2

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Copyright:

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1 nrhy; ,uz; lhk; miuahz; L 2011

,uz; lhk; miuahz; L - 2011

NghfpwJ. nghWg;Gfs; mj;jidAk;

41 nrhy; ,uz; lhk; miuahz; L 2011

47 nrhy; ,uz; lhk; miuahz; L 2011

fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tu;fs; ,ul;il Ntlk;

xuhz;Lf;fhd re;jh - ,yq;if &. 200/-

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