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ISSN - 1391-7307

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;S%kag tfrysj is lrk m%pKav;ajhka iy ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl ms<sn|j m%Odk Odrdf udOH yryd miq.sh udi lsysmh ;=, ksr;=rej m%pdrh h. f m%pKav;ajhg je jYfhka f.dre jk wh jhiska wvqu ksid f m%jD;a;sj, wdkafoda,kd;aul ;;a;ajh jvd;a ;shqKq h. f mqj;a w<,d ia;S%kag tfrys m%pKav;ajh ms<sn|j rdcH kdhlhska foaYmd,k{hska rcfha ks,Odka iy ia;S% ixOdk ish u;hka m< lrka Odldr m%;slu yd i b,a,d is. ia;%S ixOdk wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka jrolrejkag kS;s ud.fhka lghq;= lsu fj;ghs. nd,jhialdr hka lsysm fofkl= u ,sx.sl w;jrhkag f.dre l< wh w;r m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,k{hska isu ksidfjkafoda jrorlrejkag foaYmd,k /ljrK fkdfokakehs o Tjqkaf.a b,a,Sula h. foaYmd,k{hska iy ks,Odka wjOdkhla olajkafka orejkag isjk w;jr flfryshs. tys orejkag ksis wdrlaIdj ,ndug wiu;a jk foumshka, YsIHhska flfrys ksis wjOdkh fhduq fkdlrk .=rejreka, mdie,a ;=, ,sx.sl wOHdmkh ,nd fkdfok wOHdmk l%uh, orejkag myiqfjka myrKh l< yels wka;cd, inkaO;d iys; cx.u rl:k ,ndfok kj ;dlaIKh wdh foig Tjqyq wes,a, la lr;s. f ish u m%isoaO ixjdohkays wvqfjka l.; yels jkafka mj;sk iudc n, inkaO;djhka f ;;a;ajh flfrys n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn|j wjOdkhhs. jHNspdrh we;= ia;S%kag tfrys m%pKav;ajh fndfyda g isjkafka mjq, ;=, iy ksji ;=, hkak ,xldf ish m%foaYj,g iy iEu iudc ia:rhlg tl yd iudkj wod< h. tfy;a .ska .g u mjq,a ixia:dj iy ksji hkq orejkag yd ia;S%kag wdrlaIs; ia:dkhka h hk Wml,amkh ;yjqre lrk m%ldYhka fmd,Sisfhka iy fjk;a j.lsjhq;a;kaf.ka msg fjhs. mjq, ;=, n,h mqreIhdg wjdofhka mjrk iy ;ud hgf;a isk ksiqka hgm;a lsu i|yd n,h iy m%pKav;ajh fhdod.ekSu wkqu; lrk iy iqcd; lrk wm;s mqreIdm;Hhsl u;jdoh fuhska ;yjqre fkdjkafkahs wm m%Yak l< hq;= h. m%pKav l%shd isjk ksji orefjl=g ia;s%hlg flfia k wdrlaIs; ia:dkhla h yels o@ tfia u m%pKav ls%hd islrk wh yerekq g fujeks yeis idudkHlrK iudc n,hla iys; O msia fldhs;r rg f ;;a;ajhg j.lsj hq;= o hkak wm m%Yak l< hq;= h. ieneka u ia;S%kag iy orejkag tfrys m%pKav;ajhg iudchSh bvlv i,id fokafka;a, m%pKav ls%hd islrk wh w;a wvx.=jg .ekSu;a mlaIK meje;au;a kvq meju;a W; o~qj meKu;a f ;r wl%lj isjkafka;a, iudc n,fhka wvq wh mSvdjg m;a lsu wkqu; lrk idrOu iy im%odhka wfma iudcfha ls|d nei f.k ;sfnk ksid fkdfhs o wm m%Yak l< hq;= h.
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jr wNsfhda.h ,shefjkafka cd;Hka;r lr<sfha uy;a wdl iy foaYmd,k wnqohka /ila . yefrka mj;sk fudfyd;lhs' hqfrdamh mqrd jeka; wdl l,n.Ekshla' ta u; mok cd;sjdoh iy j.jdoh iS>%fhka me;sfrkjd' iqmqre m /lshdfjka fuka u iudc iqN idOk cd,hka | jefuka o jvd;a u ;ef,kafka ia;S%ka' W;=re wm%sldf foaYmd,k lr<sfha isjk mhdihka foi nejyu Bma;=f" hqkSishdf iy ,shdf m%cd;ka;%jdo fjkila m;d hg m%fY jQ ia;S%ka oeka ;u whs;sjdisl yels<S hkjd n,d iskafka oe lkiai,a,lsks' wfma mqrjeishka oyia .Kka fiajh lrk Tudkh iy nyfkh jeks rgj,;a .= l,la uq,a nei.;a rclj,g wNsfhda. mek kef.ka mj;skjd'

mqrjeishka jYfhka yska" ,xld rch iska ckjd.sl wnqohg yuqoduh i fiug tfrysj y~ k.kafka f l=re b;sydifhka mej; tkafkda h' f wm l cQ,sh iurk 29 jk wjqreoaohs' ta iu u wms fjk;a wnqohka /ilg o uqyqK foka isuq' W;=re kef.kysr hqoaOh wjika jir ;=klg;a wl ld,hla .;fj,;a ckjd.sl iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre l< yels foaYmd,k iula ms<sn|j fydavqjdjlaj;a keye' ta ms<sn|j foaYmd,k lr<sfha idlPdjla mjd keye' ,xldf rch ck.yKfhka nyq;rhla jQ isxy,hskaf.a kEtmdl ksfhdackh lrk rchla u .eg iy.; ldrKdjla f,i fyda m%cd;ka;%-frda ldrKdjla f,i fyda olskafka wm w;ka w;f,diails' hqoaOh mej;=kq m%foaYj, jdih lrk fou<" uqia,s iy isxy, ck;djkag h<s ;u ksjdi iy ldjka f.dv k.d .ekSug wjYH uQ,H iy fjk;a im;a ,ndf rch w;ska Yd, m%udohka isfjkjd' fjk;a fujeks wjia:dj, udkqISh wdOdr ,nd fok rdcH fkdjk ixOdkj,g iy wd.l ixOdkj,g

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

fYaIfhka u jkakshg m%fYug mkjd ;sfnk ;yx ksid ;;a;ajh jvd;a nrm;,hs' h<s mx lsf ls%hdj,sh ;=, ia;S%ka fjkqfjka fYaIfhka u .Dy uQ,sl jQ ia;S%ka fjkqfjka bgqflfrk fiajdjka m%udKj;a ke;s nj wmg ks;r wykak ,efnk ldrKdjla' fmdf ,xldf ia;S%ka m%isoaO lafIa;%hg msiSf uqyqK fok .eg h<s;a ikd: lrka uE;l meje;ajqkq kef.kysr" inr.uq iy W;=re ueo m<d;aj,g m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKhka i|yd mlaIj,ska kdu fhdackd ,nd.ekSug mlaI jev lghq;= i|yd orh wk ia;S%kag mjd w;sYhska Ialr jQ njg meKs,s wmg weiqkd' ia;S%ka jYfhka f kj, jvd;a u wmf.a wjOdkhg fhduq h hq;= ldrKd folla u;= l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd'. bka tlla k ia;%Skag tfrysj isflfrk ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl je jefhka jd;d uhs. f wmrdOj,g inkaO iuyr wh w;a wvx.=jg f.k we;;a" ;j;a iuyre ;ju;a ks,af,a miqfjkjd' fgl .sks w w; ordf.k fuu wmrdOhka islrk wh w;ka iuyfrla m,d;a md,k wdh;kj, ksfhda;hska u w;sYhska nrm;, ldrKdjla' rf j.lsj hq;= foaYmd,k mlaIj,g wh;a" iy tu mlaI hdka;%Khka ;=, j.lsj hq;= ks,;, ork" mqoa.,hka fufia yeisfrk g fuhg reoaOj mlaIfha by,ska u mshjr .; hq;=hs. kS;sh f mqoa.,hka inkaOfhka kshudldrfhka ls%hd;aul jk g iy o~qj mekh hq;= whg nkaOkd.dr.; jkakg isjk g muKhs f rf ia;S%kag fhka ieflka f;drj mmQK ; .; lrkakg yels jkafka' fojeks ldrKdj jkafka iS;j fyda .idj ks;Hdkql+, lsu ms<sn|j we;s ;sfnk jdohhs. idudkHfhka ,sx.sl;ajh .ek l;d lrkakg wm ue,slula olajkjd' mdie,a
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hk ;reK jhfia whg ,sx.sl wOHdmkhla ,ndug o wm yq fokd reoaOhs' .idj kS;s frda lsug mlaIj u;hka f.dv kef.kafka tl w;lska l<,fha whs;sh ms<sn|j l;d lrk msia iska' Tjqka bm;a lrkafka l<,hla kdY lsu jkdys ksia >d;khla njhs' ksia >d;khg ;yx mkjk kS;Skag wu;rj" .idjg tfrys wd.l WmfoaYk yeu wd.ulg u wh;a wh iska bm;a flf' tfy;a Bg m%;smlaIj lreKq bm;a lrk wh fmkajd fokafka km;d u Wmka

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weu;s ;siai lr,shoao f fhdackdj ykajdf " ,sx.sl n,y;aldrh ksid .e.kakd ia;S%kag uqyqK fokakg isjk iudc fldka ls wdh ms<sn|j fYaI wjOdkh fhduq lf<ah' le,Ksh Yaj oHd,fha wdpdks jika;d iqnisxy bod ,xldm mqj;amf;a m< jQ iuqL idlPdjl lshd isfha .idj kS;s frda lsu ia;S% ysxikfha tla me;slvla njhs. wef.a ilaIKhkag wkqj jemqr .idjka lr.kafka jdyl ue fha whhs' tfia u wkdrlaIs; .idjka ksid h hk ia;S%ka msi jirlg isjk ud;D urK ixLHdfjka 10]-13] ;a w;r jk nj weh fmkajd fohs' 1990 .Kkaj, isg u .id kS;sh ,sys,a lsu ms<sn|j foaYmd,k lr<sfha ixjdohka we;s jqj;a" iodpdrh iy whs;sjdislu w;r foda,kh jQ idlPdj iukhlg m;a lsu wmyiq h' ta merKs ixjdohg ka w;a mKla fm we;af;a 2011 ldka;djkag tfrys ish u wdldrhkaf.a fjkial lsu ;=rkalr,Sf cd;Hka;r iuq;sh wlaIKh lrk lgqj iska ,xldf .idj kS;s frda lrk kS;sh fjkia lrk fuka l< b,a,Su;a iuhs' ,xld rch udkj ysl inkaOfhka ish cd;Hka;r j. bgqlrkafka flfiahs ,xldj ;=, iy msg msia n,d isk fudfyd;l isjk fuu ixjdoh yryd we;a; jYfhka u kS;sfha fjkila is lsug wfma iyfhda.h u w;HjYHhs' tod md,sfka;=f f inkaOfhka jdohla isjk wjia:df uka;S%jrfhl= f,i lghq;= l< pu,a rdcmlaI uy;d wo md,sfka;=f l:d kdhl;=ud h' f kS;sh fjkia fldg ishu ,dxlSh ia;S%kag ;u ;h ms<sn|j ;SrK .ekSug we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsu fujeks wjhl rch yuqf fuka u wm yuqf;a we;s wNsfhda.hhs'

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iar jYfhka u lshd ishs' nqka jykafia ksjka lSug fmr" uydjxYfha i;a jk mfofha ia;r jk m" Wkajykafia ch l=uref.a ,xld.ukh ms<sn|j k is w;r f .uk ,xldf nqoaO Ouh jHdma; u iy;sl lrk nj jod< fial' uydjxYh nqkaf.a fuka u" Wkajykafiaf.a wdrlaIdj i|yd nqka msjrd isk ish u fofoaj;djkaf.a o wdYsjdoh ch l=ure yg ,enqkq nj lshd ishs' f whqka jxYl;djg l=fksh msfikakg fmr isg u jhsfka ks;Hdkql+, md,lhd ch l=ure nj ielfhka f;drj ;yjqre lrk ,' g m%;smlaIj uydjxYh l=fksh yqjd olajkafka .=ma; iy n,j;a wdjdiS ia;%S uQ,dlD;shla fmr fldg f.khs' ch-l=fks l;d mqj; hg;a;lrKh ms<sn|j f.;=kq l;d mqj;ls' uq,ald,Sk hqfrdamd hg;a;lrKh ms<sn|j 15 jk 16 jk Y;jIj, hqfrdamSh f,aLlhska w;r miq ld,hl ckms%h jQ iy wmg yqremqre rEml u; th f.dv kef.hs' f rEmlhkag wkqj" fuh YsIaG;ajhlska f;dr jQ jhskla neka fuh ksia jdifhka f;dr jhskla f,i ie,flhs' fuys fjfik wdjdishd wvla ukqIH wvla rdlaIi fmkqulska hq;=hs' kS uia wkqNj lrk" uka;% cm lrk udhdldh ish udhd , t,d wysxil foaYslhd ji fldg .kS' f wdjdiS udhdldh hgm;a lr,kakg fmr Tyq wehf.a W.=,g yiq h hq;=hs' fndfyda wdldrhkaf.ka l=fksh 1611 fIalaiamsh lhdf.a udre;h ^Tempest& k jQ kdgHfha tk ihsfld/laiaf.a p;hg iudk h' le,snkaf.a uj jk ihsflda/laiag o jhskla whs;shs' fm%diafmfrda kue;s hqfrdamSh mqreIhd l=Kdgqjlg yiqf m%;sM,hla f,i fuu jhskg f.dvneiSu iy miqj wef.ka tu jhsk Wrd.ekSu fIalaiamshf.a kdgHfha f;audjhs' uydjxYhg wkqj ch uqK.efik f;la l=fksh n,j;a ;eke;a;shls' hlaI f.da;%fha /k jYfhka wef.a m%pKav yeisu chf.a yeisug iudk h'

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

l,dlrefjda fjfyiqfkda h' 1963 fyka chfiak ,shd ksIamdokh l< l=fks kdgH" rdcH kdgH Wf<f,a iudk ys lr.;a;d h' miqj th fld<ka msg isxy, kdgH fm%alaIlhska fj; o f.k hk ,' tys ffY,sh ksid th irpkahkaf.a ukf iy isxyndyq kdgH wkqj .uka .;a nj fndfyda fokd fmkajd kay' fmdf;a.=re" .dhl jDkaoh iy ldjHuh ni fhdod .kska" merKs l;djla kj kdgHuh wdlD;shlg wkqj bm;a lsug th iu;a h' tfy;a chfiakf.a kdgHfha we;af;ka u wmQre wx.h jQfha iehd iska m,jd yk ,o l=fkshg iudk jQ ;;a;ajhlg uqyqK ka kk ia;s%hla" Widhl ;a;s l+vqj fj; le|jdf.k wd oYkhhs' ta kk oYkfha fm%laIlhskaf.a wkqlmdj kd.ekSug j;udk ia;s%h iu;a jkafka weh;a weh fjkqfjka fmkS isk kS;s{h;a wef.a l;dj f.dv k.k wdldrh fya;= fldgf.khs' wef.a iehdg weh lajQ fm%auh" Tyq iu weh .; l< is jirl ;h" Tyq weh fj; lajQ m%pKav;ajh iy l=relu iy Tyq fjk;a ia;S%ka fj; hdu wdh f.k yer olajd weh b,a,d iskafka ;udg;a orejkag;a kv;a;=jla fkdj" Tyqf.a fm%auhhs' iq idhlska ieriqkq weh pd nj iy m;sjD;dj ixfla;j;a lrhs' tu oYkh wjidkfha ksYaphlre b;sydifha y~ wmg isysm;a lrka lshd iskafka" fmr oji iQ l=fksh fuka Tng ish fjka j hdug tfy;a Tn ta l=fksh jeks hlskshla fkdj <|ls ishque,s Wmojk gq okka is;a ;=, idkqlmsl ohd lreKd mquhls Tn ke; ,nkafka tjka ye=ula tl u ysf.ka chfiakf.a kdgHfha Wid oYkj, kS;s{fhda ;kslv ia;S%ka ms<sn| iqmqre ;l ;l bm;a lr;s' wef.a kS;s{hd weh hym;a .=Kj;a |la u u;= lrk w;r" Bg tfrys kS;s{hd weh ,sx.sl fflrdll fhdod.;a nj iy wef.a
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

jxpksl njg idCIs f.k yer olajhs' l=fkshf.a l;dj iuld,Sk lalido Widhlg le|jd f.k tafuka chfiak Wlyd .;a ia;S%jd oDIafldaKh k iehd iska w; yer fuk |f.a ;;a;ajh tod fuod tl yd iudk jk njhs' ksr;=rej wehg Wreu jkafka ksfYaOd;aul w.ehSula njhs' w;S;fha fuka u j;udkfha;a l=fksh f.!rjkSh iy is;a weo.kakd iq ia;s%hla f,i bm;a lsfuka fyka chfiak 1960 .Kkaj, kdgH fm%alaIlhska fj; l=fks l;df ia;S%jd wre;a laula bm;a lf<a h' tfia lsu m%Odk Odrdjg wh;a ,dis;djla jkakg fndfyda ld,hlg fmr nj l=fks kdgH bx.s%ishg mj;kh l< ,laIa o is,ajd tu mj;kfha fmrjofkys i|yka lrhs' g jirlg miqj 1964 Ika o fidhsid l=fksh ms<sn|j kdgHhla ,shd ,xldf bx.S%is fldf th ksIamdokh lf<a h' thg Tyq Kuveni fyda Put out the Light hkqfjka k ;enqf h' fyka chfiak iy Ika o fidhsid tlsfkldf.a l=fksh inkaO kdgH ms<sn|j k ishdhs wo wmg lsj fkdyel' tfy;a jir foll ld, iSudjla ;=, f kdgH fol lr<shg msiSu wyUqjla fia ie,lsh fkdyelshs' ta ukao h;a" f ld,h jk g ,xldf mej;=fka hg;a;yrKh uq,afldg.;a ixialD;sl iy foaYmd,ksl jd;djrKhls' f hq.hg wh;a isxy, iy bx.S%is kdgHlrefjda uQ,drNl ckl;d" b;sydihka iy jxYl;djka .fIKh lrka" j;udk ;;a;ajhkag .e,fmk wdldrhg h<s wre;a lah yels uQ,dY% fidhka ish y' Ika o fidhsidf.a kdgH wdrN jkafka ish wejeiai uiaiskd jk pd,l l=fksh iu jdyhla .si .ekSug leue;a; lau ms<sn| idlPdjlsks' tu.ska weh;a wef.a m%cdj;a iuld,Sk udkj m%cdjla njg mj;kh flfrhs' l=fksh pd,lf.a fhdackdj m%;slafIam lrhs' ish m%cdjf.a Wkak;sh i|yd jev lsug wjYH

 ;srfha l=fksh
ch-l=fks l;df w;a u m%;sksudKh jkafka iq.;a iurfldakaf.a ch-l=fks isxy, ;%mhhs' 2009 rE.; lsu wdrN l< fuu ;%mh" 2012 iskudy,aj,g ksl=;a lrk ,' 2010 celaika weka;kSf.a wnd ;%mfhka wdrN jQ ft;sydisl p; iy mqrdjD;a; u; mok jQ rl;d iskudmg /,a,g w;a u tl;= lsu f,i iurfldakaf.a ;%mh ykajd ;sf' tl w;lska f /,a, ms<sUq lrkafka foaYSh iskud ludka;hg jeka; uQ,Okhla wdfhdackh uhs' wksla w;g" f yryd ,dxlSh iskudf f;audjka .;a l," ,xldf mej;s hqoaOh wjika u;a iu uQ,drNl mqrdjD;a; iy ft;sydisl p; fj; fhduqu o f u.ska ms<sUq fjhs' Lanka Help irdjg ka iuqL idlPdjl iq.;a iurfldaka lshd isfha fuu ;%mh ;ekSf ;u wruqK jQfha uydjxYfha l=fksh ksrEmKh l< wdldrfhka weh .,jd .ekSu njhs' zud ys;kafka keye uydjxYh wfma uq;=ka;a;ka .ek ienE l;dj bm;a lrkjd lsh,d' fudlla y fya;=jlg uydkdu ys we;a; f;dr;=re hgm;a lr,d' ch rc;=udf.a r;ajhg uq,a ;ek fokak W;aidy lr,d' l=fksh fdaysfhl= f,i olajkjd weh jhsk hg;a lr.kakg chg iydh jQ ksid' ta;a wjidkfha wehg fdays jQfha chhs' lsghg ysl lshkak ;f< meye;s orejka ys lrkak wdh j.fha l=udldjla f.k tkakehs Tyqf.a ;%hska iy WmfoaYljreka Tyqg lshd ishd' l=fkshf.a m%;srEmh m%;sksudKh lrka ienE fdayshd ch nj fmkaug ug wjYHhsZ lshka iurfldaka o tu mqrdjD;a;hg kj ia;S%jd w:l:khla f im%odhg tla jk nj m%ldY lf<a h' tfy;a Tyqf.a ;%mfhka isjkafka uydjxYfha mjd f m%Odk p; folg
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

iajdk;ajh /l.ekSug ;ud leu;s nj weh m%ldY lrhs' ;u iydhl Okqlg weh lshd iskafka" zTn ys;kjd o ud fu;r ;kslvj j;a jk ksid ud uf.a ksiqka fj; we,aula olajkafka ke; lshd@ ud k ishd k Tjqka fjkqfjka l=ula l< hq;= o lshd ug Yd, foaj,a l< yels nj ud ys;kjdZ hkqfjks. weh chg fm neu;a" ish m%cdjg msgqmEu;a jvd;a u oreKq jkafka f ksid h' tfy;a o fidhsidf.a kdgHfha l=fksh we;af;ka u chg wdorh lrhs' zTn ug lshd we;af;a ud Tnf.a wdorKSh;uhd njhs' ud flfia Tn ur o@ Tng ud urd oukakg bv fo o@ Tnf.a joka idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd wm tlg j;a h hq;=hs' tlg heh hq;=hs'Z l=fksh chg fok fuu Ym: lsu o, wjidkfha weh urKh yuqf olajk t;r nj iy f.!rjdka; nj o .;a l, wjia:djd" jxpksl iy fdayS mqoa.,hd f,i wm yuqjg tkafka chhs. wjika fudfyd; jk ;=re u weh olajk Yla;sh iy t;r nj ksid wehg ysff;ISj isk pd,l zwfma tl u wdf,dalhZ l=fksh f,ihs ykajkafka. 1964 ,hk,a fjka ryf,a fuu kdgH ksIamdokh l< g" Ika o fidhsid l=fkshf.a f t;r yd ksNS; iajNdjh wjOdrKh lsu i|yd thg Put out the Light hk ku fhf h'

Wreu lrka Yla;sfha iy n,fha idrh bj;a lr uhs' ;%mh wdrN jkafka Wmkaf.hs wY=N ,laIK Wreu fldg.;a" ta fya;=j u; ;u f.da;%fha tfll=f.a jdy ux.,Hhg werhq fkd,nd" iafidamj isk l=fkshlf.a oYkhlsks' f fldka lsu ;u f.da;%hg tfrysj l=fkshf.a is;a ;=, fudark ffjrhg iy miqj weh iska wef.a m%cdj mdjd f ls%hdjg idOdrK fya;=jla f,i bm;a flf' tfy;a l;d mqj; f wdldrhg f.dKq lsfuka isjkafka ,dks wkqrdOd rolajk l=fkshf.a p;h uq, isg u n,rys; rduqjla ;=, isrfldg ;euhs' weh ksjdi ysr wjiaisfha miqjk" l+vqjlg iSud fldg ;sfnk ia;s%hls' .f ks;s lshkakdf.a wkdjelshlg wkqj" weh .,jd .; yels jkafka weh jdy lr.kakd fyd| mjq,lska mej; tk mqreIfhl=g muKs' ch uqK.eiqkq uq,a wjia:df weh Tyqg tfrysj igka l<;a" f wkdjelsh ksid weh miqj ;u .e,jqlre f,i Tyq ykd.kS' ;%mh ;=, weh hlsis n,hla ,nkafka jdyh yryd h' jdy jQ miqj muKhs wehg t;rj ;u f.da;%hg uqyqK h yels jkafka' fujeks wdrNhla l=fksh ms<sn| ia;S%jd lsheulg fyd| ks;a;la fkdf' ;u rEm fi!kaoh yereKq fldg lsis im;la ke;s l=fksh" w;sYhska u yS,E jQ kSp p;hls' wef.a iehd wehg myr fok g" mhska .ik g" weh ksjgfhl= fia fuu .Dyia; m%pKav;ajhg hg;a jkafka wehg hd yels fjk;a ;ekla ke;s fyhsks' /ljrKh m;kakg fjk;a flfkla ke;s fyhsks' ;ud fjkqfjka fmkS isug wehg fjk;a lsis Wmdhud.hla ke;s fyhsks' fujeks kSp iajNdjhla ;=, ysr jQ miq l=fkshg Yla;su;a p;hla jYfhka jOkh ug bvlvla ke;' wehg l< yelafla yuq jQ uq,a ld,fha ;udg wdorh iy /ljrKh ms<sn|j ka fmdfrdka chg u;la lr foka" Tyqj ,ecdjg m;a lsug W;aidy lsu muKhs' ;%mfha
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

;u Wmka fodaIh ksid fldka flfrk ia;s%hla f,i l=fksh ksrEmKh lsfuka iy ch iu we;s lr.kakd jdyh yryd muKla weh n,i;= lsfuka iurfldaka l=fkshf.a p;hg idOdrKhla bgq lrkafka ke;' ch iu jdy jQ miq l=fkshf.a n,h is hdu bm;a lrk uydjxYhg;a jvd we;af;ka u iurfldaka ;u l=fkshf.a n,h hdre fldg ouhs'

ienE wjOdrKh f ksid fhduq jkafka frdc fifkr;ak rmdk chf.a p;h fj;ghs' ch uqyqK fok WNf;dafldalh meye,s h' tl w;lska ;u mjq,g we;s wdorhhs' wksla w;ska l=fksh neyer fldg ;u j.hg" l=,hg" ;rd;srug .e,fmk mdKavH rc mjqf,ka kj /kla f.k yhdldr ;u rc Wreuh ;yjqre lr.kakehs ;udg n, lr isk n%dyauK WmfoaYl msif.a y~hs'

ch m%;sksudKh lsu
iurfldaka lsish wdldrhlg uydjxYh ;u ;%mh yryd w;ska w: olajkak W;aidy lrhs k ta Tyq chf.a p;h f.dvk.k wdldrfhks' ;%mgfha wm yuqjg tk ch l=udrhdf.a p;h f.dvk.d we;af;a ,xldf isxy, ckmolrKhg uq, msrE wNS; uQ,drNl rhd jYfhka fkdf' ta fjkqjg Tyq ;u WmfoaYlhska iska ta f w; fhduq lrjk rElvhla fia kegfjk p;hls'

l=fksh iu we;s jQ inkaO;djh ksid Tyq ;SrKd;aul fjkilg f.dre is' fuh;a hg;a;lrK wdLHdk ;Ska w;r iq,Nj olskakg ,efnk rEmhls - tk wdjdishd iu wka;ls%hd lsug miqj m%n, fjkilg f.dre jk foaYslhdf.a rEmlhhs' fuu uqK.eiSu iy ;u jgd N%uKh jk foaYmd,ksl l=uka;%K fya;=fjka chf.a is; jHdl+, fjhs' l=fksh ukqIHfhl= o hkak Tyqg wmeye,s h' ;ud hlaIKshlf.a udhdjlg f.dre we;aoehs Tyq fkdokS' l=fksh;a wef.a ore fofokd;a m,jd yehdg miqj Tyq .ska .g u ta .ek is;d ,;efjkafka w;ska f.k wd l=udh fkdi,ld h' ;%mh wjidkfha Tyq h hkafka w;sYh fYdalhg m;a uy,af,la f,ig h' ,xldjg nqoaOd.u f.k taf uq,a wdrxlrejd jYfhka uydjxYfha r p;hla jk chf.ka iurfldaka ksudKh l< ch p;h fndfyda wE; h' f inkaOfhka k iurfldaka ;ud lS oE bgq lsug h fjfyila re nj lsj yelshs' tfy;a ;u Wmka fodaIh ksid fldka flfrk ia;s%hla f,i l=fksh ksrEmKh lsfuka iy ch iu we;s lr.kakd jdyh yryd muKla weh n,i;= lsfuka iurfldaka l=fkshf.a p;hg idOdrKhla bgq lrkafka ke;' ch iu jdy jQ miq l=fkshf.a n,h is hdu bm;a lrk uydjxYhg;a jvd we;af;ka u iurfldaka ;u l=fkshf.a n,h hdre fldg ouhs'

f.da;%sl fudaia;rhka
iuld,Sk fm%alaIlhska i|yd bmerKs ft;sydisl jxYl;d fyda mqrdjD;a;hka m%;sksudKh lsu yeu g u Ialr ldhhls' ;%mfha p; l;d l< hq;af;a l=uk NdIdfjka o@ Tjqkaf.a we-me< l=uk wdldrhla .; hq;= o@ fYaIfhka u wod< hq.h ms<sn|j ;% wd ksrEmKhka ke;s ;ek fuh nrm;, m%Yakhls' jvd;a jeo.;a m%Yakh jkafka, j;udkhg .e,fmk ;%mhla ;ekSug fu;r r w;S;h lrd wm hkafka wehs o hkakhs'

m%d.a-ft;sydisl hq.hg wh;a hlaI kd. jeks wdjdiS f.da;%slhka ksrEmKh lsu fYaIfhka wmyiq jkafka" bmerKs ,shlsh,s ;=, Tjqka ms<sn| lreKq bm;a flfrkafka rEml fhdodf.k i rEm" ;% fyda fjk;a fN!;sl wxf.damdx. fhdodf.k fkdjk ksid h' Tjqyq wmf.a :Hd-ft;sydisl ml,amkfha m%;sM, fj;s' f wNsfhda.hg iurfldakaf.a iu jkafka" fuu f.da;% ms<sn|j 19 jk ishjfia ^WodyrKhla jYfhka .;fyd;a le<Ksh ydrfha fida,shia fukaia ;% Ys,amshdf.a ;u ;= is;=j u.ska& uejQ ml,ams; f.da;%slhkaf.a we me<j,ska ieriqkq kks,s msila wm fj; f.k tauhs' jeoaokaf.a wd uq;=ka;a;ka f,i ie,flk l=fkshf.a f.da;%fha wh ksrEmKh lsu i|yd iurfldaka Wmfhda.S fldg.kakd uQ,dY% w;r wdjdiSka ms<sn|j udkj oHd{hska bm;a lrk oDYH rEm - WodyrKhla f,i National Geographic jeks irdj, m<jk PdhdrEm - jQ njg ielhla ke;' l=fkshf.a f.da;%fha ms wh fldKavh iy /jq,a jjd.;a wh fj;s' Tjqyq fl irula ye| fn,a,ka iy i;aj o;a ud, me<| is;s' bkahdkqfjda ysig cgdjla ne| is;s' ia;S%ka ;k mg iy fr y;s' iskudmgfhka f.dv kef.k f,dalh ;=, fuu Wmdhud.h id:l jkafka fm%alaIl wmf.a weig fujeks rEm yqremqre ksid h' tfy;a ;%mfha iuyr ;ekaj, f.dvke.Sug W;aidy lrk w;S;h iu j;udkh .efghs' WodyrKhla jYfhka ;%mh i|yd fhdod.;a NdIdj .;a l, l=fksh;a wef.a f.da;%slhskq;a l;d l< NdIdj iy ch yd Tyqf.a mjdr msi l;d l< NdIdj w;r fjkila ke;' ch foaYslfhl= jqj o Tyqg fjkia jQ NdId rgdjla fokakg iurfldaka wiu;a fjhs' Tyq foaYslfhl= nj wmg k.kakg yels jkafka Tyqf.a we-me< u.ska iy fjk;a p; iska Tyqf.a foaY iNjh ms<sn| l< i|yka ls u.ska h' foaYsl iy wdjdiS hk iajNdjhka fol w;r mj;sk ixjdoh ;%mfha jeo.;a
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 11

Wm-f;audjla imhhs' ta jkdys iuld,Sk foaYmd,kh iy ,xldf hqoaOh ms<sn|j Wm l:khls' iurfldaka ch-l=fks mqrdjD;a;h iuld,Sk isxy, iskud fm%laIl msilg w:j;a lf<a f Wm-f;audj yryd h' fu;ek lsj hq;= u ldrKhla jkafka ;%mfha h rlg fyda ixlSK r laula bm;a lf<a isiaim;sld p;hg mK ka jika;s rkaj, muKla njhs'

mqrdjD;a;hg iuld,Sk wre;la ,ndug ;%mh iu;a fjhs' iurfldaka ch-l=fks mqrdjD;a;h h<s mK.eka jQfha" fmr lf,l fyka chfiak fyda Ika o fidhsid fyda W;aidy l< m l=fkshf.a n,h' ls%hdYS,s;ajh fyda Yah iajNdjh oyd olajk kk ia;S%jd ksrEmKhla f.dvke.Sug fkdjk nj k meye,s h' we;af;ka u ;%mh hka j hk m%Odk f;audj k hqoaOfha w;HjYH Ndjhhs' ch yd l=fksh tys M,mdl N=la;s kafka tlsfkldf.ka fjkia wdldrhkaghs' wjdikdjlg fuka ;%mfha fuu f;audj .eUqka Yaf,aIKh fkdlrk ksid" iy p; kj wdldrhlg w: olajkafka ke;s ksid th krUk msig th u;l ysk l,d lD;shla fo hkq iel iys;hs' tys leurdlrKh" ixialrKh iy miq ix.S;h mjd wo ojfia iskud f,da,hska r l;d j.hg wh;a ;%mj,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ugug im jQfhaj;a ke;' rmE w;sYhska taludk iy talSh h' idudkHfhka .;a l, celaika weka;kS ;u rEmjdysks jev igykska l,dla fuka" jxYl;d .fYkh lsu isjkafka f rf isxy, fn!oaOlu h<s jrla ;yjqre lsughs' fufia lsf fuu lghq;af;ys kshef,k whg b;sydih;a :Hdj;a w;r fjki fkdfmkS hkakg .kS' ta iu u wm u;l ;nd .; hq;=hs" b;sydih ms<sn|j fuka u j;udkh yd wkd.;h ms<sn|j iyuq,ska u fjkia iy w;a oDIafldaKhka bm;a lsf fuj,ula jYfhka i,ld" fndfyda iskudlrejka iy kdgHlrejka mqrdjD;a; iy w;S; r l;d m%;sksudKfhys fhfok nj' iurfldaka ish ch-l=fks ;%mh yryd f ldhhka fol u bgq lsug W;aidy l< o" Tyqf.a wjika lD;sh ia;S%jdka ;=, fyda cd;sljdka ;=, fyda m%fndaOhla we;s lsug iu;a jQfha ke;s nj ud lsj hq;=hs' fk* o ue,a mj;kh ( iqks,d wffialr

yuqodlrKhg kj mKla ,ndu

;%mfha fonia iy ixjdo u.ska .ska .g u lshefjkafka fuu idrj;a iy wmQre jhsfka hqKqj j<lajk msilf.ka ch th .,jd.;a njhs' isxy, fm%alaIlhskag fuu n,f. jkdyS" rf wdrlaIdjg ;ckh lrk fnjd igkaldkaf.ka mgka cd;s-frda rdcH fkdjk ixOdk olajd yso hk jeka; cd,hls' hlaIhskag tfrysj ;SrKd;aul f,i igka fldg ch fuu IaG n,f.j,ska jhsk .,jd .;a;d fia rch t,a'''B' ixOdkh mrdch fldg ;su w;S;h iy j;udkh w;r iumd; ulg bv i,ihs' tfia u ;j;a g fjkia iumd; ula o lsh yelshs' tk" foaYslhskaf.a wes,s .eiSj,g wdjdiSka reoaO u ;=, j;udkfha udkj ysl W,a,x>Kh wdh fya;= fldgf.k rchg uqyqK fokakg isj ;sfnk cd;Hka;r wNsfhda.hka yuqf ,dxlSh mrudm;Hh ms<sn|j f.dvkef.k cd;sljd ixjdofha fijke,a,la wmg lsh yels uhs' iurfldaka fufia cd;sh iy mrudm;Hh ms<sn| iuld,Sk ixl,am iDcqj u tjeks ixl,am fkdmej;=kq w;S; hq.hlg wdfoaY lrhs' wjidkfha hqoaOh" uug fm%au lsu" foaYslhd wms%h lsu iy cd;sfha mrudm;Hh /l.ekSu wd Ihhka ms<sn|j ;%mgfhka f.dv kef.k ixjdohka yryd mYapd;a-hqo ch.%dyS udkisl;ajhlska ms isxy, fm%alaIl msila fj; ch-l=fks

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

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oaOh wjidku;a iu hqoaOfha mS; fldgila f,i ldka;dj ykd.ekSula fmfkkakg ;sf' hqoaOfha wjidk Nd.fha iy bka miqq o" W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;dj uqyqKfok wNsfhda. .ek ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla mqj;a m;aj," fj wvj, iy Ydia;S%h f,aLkj, ,shefjkafka weh uqyqKfok wNsfhda. yd m%Yak ms<sn|j h' fuu l;sldf we;s w.h l< yels ,CIKhla jkafka" ldka;dj u ksid u" O N+ld ;=, weh uqyqKfok ;;a;ajhka biau;= lsuhs' hqo ka;hl= f,i" wNHka;r wj;eka jQjl= f,i" ish {d;s ;=rka wys jQ ke;e;a;shl f,i yd mYapd;a hqo zixjOkhZ ;=< wkd:hl=

f,i ldka;dj w:l:kh flf' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;djf.a uqla;sh ms<sn| ixjdoh" yqfola wo uqyqKfok ffoksl m%Yak flfrys muKla ke;fyd;a wju jYfhka ta flfrys je wjOdkhla fhduq lrk .eg if m%fYhlg iSudfjhs' zldka;djf.a .egZ hehs msgia;rhl= iska ksjpkh lrk ,o .eg msgia;rhd iska u iug W;aidy lsf ls%hdj,sh iska ldka;djf.a ufkdauQ,sl ;;a;ajh hgm;a lrkq ,ef' hqoaOfha Ihhsl m%YAk wehg fkdue; hkak ud ka woyia fkdlrk w;r ud biau;= lrkafka" i;H jYfhka u" mYapd;a hqo W;=re-kef.kysr
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 13

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ldka;dj ms<sn| ixjdofha ksrEms; ldka;dj uska flf;la rg wef.a ufkdaNdj i|yd ksoyia wjldYhla ;sf o@ hkak .ek h' fuh jgyd .ekSu i|yd W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;dj O foaYmd,k m%jdy ;=<ska ykdf.k we;s wdldrh jgyd.ekSu jeo.;a f' fou< B<d uqla;s fld ixOdkh m%uqLj f.dvke.=Kq fou< B<d uqla;s ixjdoh iska" W;=re-kef.kysr fou< ldka;dj IhuQ,sl f,i w:l:kh lr ;snqKs' fjfiiska rKld ldka;d m%;srEmh W;=re kef.kysr fou< iudchg ykajd u fuuska ish' wjYH k" hful=g fuu kj zuqla;s l;sldfjkaZ w: ksrEms; ia;s%h l=,fNaoh yd ,dul ,d,s;H ldka;d ne;s N+ldjka w ;SrKh l< ;;a;ajhlg f.k .sh njg o ;l l< yel' kuq;a biau;= l< hq;= m%Yakh jkafka" fuu uqla;s l;sldj uska ksYa; zrKld ldka;djZ keue;s N+ldj flf;la rg W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;djf.a ufkdaNdjhka flfrys wjldYh i,id kafka o hkakhs' l=, l%ufhka" wdl mSvkfhka yd mqreIdm;Hhsl iudc jHQyfhka ksYa; ldka;dj wju jYfhka l=, l%ufhka uqojdf.k rKld keue;s ;j;a OQrdj,shl m%;s.d jHQyhl isr flreKs' th /|hl= h isrf.hl isg ksoyia lrkq fjkqjg ;j;a je hqKq l< isrf.hl ,Eula yd iudk f' ta yer ldka;dj isrf.hska ksoyia fldg fkdue;' ia;S% ysgmq igkaldhd ^female ex-combatant) yd igkaldka fkdjQ W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;d wkkH;djhka fulS ls%hdj,sfha ksIamdokhka h' fuuska is we;af;a" fou< uqla;s l;sldj iska zldka;d YrhZ ish wjYH;djhg wkqj yev.iajd N+ld.; lr ;su hs' mYapd;a hqo wdl m%jdyh foi wjOdkh fhduq l<fyd;a g jvd fjkia fohla is we;ehs ykd.; fkdyel' wdl
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

l=, l%ufhka" wdl mSvkfhka yd mqreIdm;Hhsl iudc jHqyfhka ksY; ldka;dj wju a jYfhka l=, l%ufhka uqojdf.k rKld keue;s ;j;a OQrdj,shl m%;s.d jHqyhl isr flreKs' th /|hl= h isrf.hl isg ksoyia lrkq fjkqjg ;j;a je hqKq l< isrf.hl ,Eula yd iudk f' ta yer ldka;dj isrf.hska ksoyia fldg fkdue;' ia;S% ysgmq igkaldhd (female ex-combatant) yd igkaldka fkdjQ W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;d wkkH;djhka fulS lshdj,sfha % ksIamdokhka h'
m%jdyfha iqlaldku mojk wm;s oCIsKjdoh fuka u" wmCIdld wdl ixjOk r:fha ka;hka jYfhka ldka;dj .ek f.dvkeS we;s ixjdoh inkaOfhka o f ;;a;ajh wod< f' mYapd;a hqo ixjOkh ms<sn| ks, wm;s ixjdoh ;=< W;=re-kef.kysr ldka;dj wdl jia;=jla f,i ksrEms; h' W;=f ud. ixjOkfha wl jYfhka ldka;djka fhdod .ekSug wjYH jHQyh ieleiS we;af;a f ;=<sks' jekaoUq" fmdaIKh lsug lsisfjla ke;s iy ;u hefmkakka fjkqfjka tlu wdoh W;amdolhd njg m;aj we;s ldka;djlg fuu ixjOk m%jdyfha l=,S llrejka njg m;ajkakg isf' thg o wjia:dj fkd,ka" wE ish

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Y%uh ksoyia fj<ofmdf,a wf, lrk Y%lhl= njg m;ajkakS h' th ffjYHd jD;a;sfha isg Y%uh lsKSf kEu jD;a;shla lrd ysfoa' ;j o" hful=g W;=re-kef.kysr jekaoUq yd ldka;d uQ,sl fyda ud;D uQ,sl mjq,aj, ysu ;=<ska kj kdhl;aj N+ldjkag wjia:d ,e ;sf hehs ;l l< yels h' ne ne,aug ud uE;l W;=re-kef.kysr l< fCIa;% pdldj,ska o fuu ;;a;ajh w;ah yels h' iuyr ud;D uQ,sl mjq,a tl;= lr ldka;d uQ,sl cd,hka f.dvkeSu olakg ,ef' ieneka u" iuyr ldka;djka tu cd, ;=< kdhsldjka f,i biau;= ug leue;a;la o olajhs' kuq;a jrkesh hq;= m%Yakh jkafka" tuska ldka;dj n,d;aul ula fyda wef.a uqla;sh iksgqyka ula isf o@ hkakhs' WodyrKhlska fuh meye,s l<fyd;a" kef.kysr m<df;a fndfyda m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g f;a m;a jQ ldka;djkaf.a miq foi wjOdkh fhduq l<fyd;a" iuyr ldka;djka i;H jYfhka u tu foaYmd,k wdh;kj,g bm;a u jkdys foaYmd,k jYfhka wdrCIs; Wml%uhla f,i tjlg mej;s ;;a;ajhka hgf;a ;SrKh f m%;sM,hls' fjfiiska" ish iehka ;uqka ksfhdackh lrk foaYmd,k mCIhg we;s ;ck yd ffk;sl ndOd ksid | w;fldjla jYfhka fhdodf.k ta yryd foaYmd,kh ;=< ksfhdackh u;a is ;sf' fuu ls%hdj,sh ;=< ldka;dj llfhla f,i biau;= ug jvd b;af;l= f,i ls%hdlrkakS h' tjekakl" ldka;dj n,.ekaula f,i ir,j w:ksrEmkh lsu m%{df.dapr fkdjk fia u fkdfrE foaYmd,ksl jdohla o f' ujrekaf.a i;s yd ldka;dNsuqL cd, jkdyS yqfola hqoaOfha h.sh fyda w;=reoyka jQ mqreIhd fjkqjg wgjd .kakd wka;ld,Sk ixjOk foaYmd,k Wmdh ud.hlska fjkiaj ykd.;

fkdyels h' fjfiiska" fuu i;sj, yd cd,j, lD;Hhka foi wjOdkh fhduq l<fyd;a" fjd mYapd;a hqo ks, wm;s ixjOk l;sldj iska mek jQ jHQyhka ys lD;Hhka yd iumd; ula olakg ,ef' ud;D iqNidOkh" <ud iqNidOkh" ldka;d ysxikh" .Dyia: m%pKav;ajh yd wdl iqrCIs;;djh hkdh fjdfha m%Odk f;audjka njg m;a ;sf' by; Ihhka f;aud lrf.k lghq;= lsu ldka;djf.a uqla;shg ndOdjla jkafka flfiaoehs hful=g idOdrK m%Yakhla biau;+ h yel' .egj jkafka by; m%Yak wduka;%Kh lsug W;aidy lsu krlla h hkak fkdf' ta i|yd Nd;d lrk m%fYh .eg if m%fYhlska Tng fkdhEuhs' weish hq;= ir, m%Yakh jkafka ldka;dj uqyqKfok fuu m%Yak iug fhdod.kakd m%fYhka yd l%ufohka wef.a ufkdaNdj ksoyia f,i wNHdi lsug rel=,la fo hkakhs' ukao" ldka;d uqla;sh hkq iudch iska ksYa; fldg wE fj; mkjk N+ldjkag id:lj uqyqKu fkdj" wE ukqIHhl= jYfhka m%d:kd lrk wruqKq ,nd.ekSug lrk wr., hhs' hful=g fuu wr.,fha b,lalh ujl f wNs,dIhg o" iuyfrl=g Bg fjkiaj /l,a iudc fhl= f wNs,dIh jYfhka o fjkia h yel' l=uk wNs,dIhla ;ud m%d:kd lrkafka o ta flfrys .uka lsug wehg we;s ndOl m%Yak lsu;a" tajd lvd | oud ;uqkaf.a kj f,dalh .fIKh lsug wjYH kHdhsl yd m%dfhda.sl jmih we;s lsf j.lSu;a" l,am ldka;d uqla;s l;sldjlska ish hq;=h' tjeks uqla;s l;sldjla f.dvkeSu ;=<ska" fuf;la O foaYmd,k m%jdyhka iska wE fj; ,nd ;snqKq yd wE u; mgjd ;snQ N+ld nr bj;aj hk w;r" weh jia;= Ihhsl ;;a;ajfha isg ufkdauQ,sl yrhka iska ksYaph lrk ldrlhla njg m;a flf' ;Hd.rdcd jrodia
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 15

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ka;djkag tfrys m%pKav;ajhka fid nyq,j isflfrk hq.hla tod fuod ;=r b;sydifha i|ykaj fkdue;' 2011 jif isg 2012 olajd inqoaO;aj chka;sh iurka tla ck fldgila hym;a l%shdjkays ksheK o tu jIh jvd;a u wmrdO isjQ jirla f,ig fmd,sisfha igyka jkakg ;r ;j ck fldgila wmrdO jOkh lrkakg fmrgq.dj isk nj o ikd: fjhs' fuys jvd;a u wmrdOhkag f.dre we;af;a ia;%Ska nj o wjOdrKfhka u;la l< hq;=j we;' rg mqrd m%lg jQ lyj;af;a oa;aj kS ueref tl u mjqf,a ia;%Ska fofofkl= urd oukq ,eKs' fujka l=re >d;kj,ska miq.sh udi lsysmh we;=,; muKla ldka;djka oyih fofkl= >d;kh lr we;s nj jd;d fjhs' z.%Sia hldz hkqfjka m%p,s; isoa ud,dfjka o is jQ m%pKav l%shd ish,a,g f.dre jQfha ia;%Ska u h'

2011 ckjd udifha isg fkdjen olajd muKla ia;%S IK 1"636 la is we;s njg fmd,sia jd;d fmkajd fohs' fuh 2010 jd;d jQ ia;%S IK 1"054 g jvd jeh' j;udkfha klg ia;%S IK 5 la jd;d jk w;r fuu isoa jvd;a u jd;d jkafka wkqrdOmqrh" fmdf<dkakrej iy r;akmqrh jeks m%foaYj,ska nj;a lshefjhs' ^Y%S ,xld fmd,sia jd;dj" 2011& <ud wdrlaIl yd ldka;d lghq;= ms<sn| wud;HdxYh fuka u O ldka;d ixOdk yd udkj ysl ixOdk o O ugka O ck fldgia yryd oekqj;a ls l< o tajdfha M,odhl;ajhla f wmrdO jOkfhka ikd: fkdfjhs' zznd, jhialdhl ,sx.sl fj<|df fh yuqod ks,Odfhl= w,a,hs'ZZ hkqfjka fuka u hqj;shka fofofkl= u fm m<ys,jla ksid >d;kh l< yuqod ks,Odfhl= ms<sn|j o ;j;a tjeks jQ fndfyda isoa mqj;a m;aj,ska oel.; yels h'

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

nexl= uxfld,a,lE yd ia;%S IK fndfyduhlg yuqod ks,Odka jl%j fyda iDcqj inkaO nj fkdryils' hqo udkisl;ajfhka idudkH udkisl;ajhlg msiSug ksis n,Odka Tjqka i|yd WmfoaYk jev igyka ksis whqka l%shd;aul lf<a oehs lshkakg wmg idlaIs fkdue;' tajd l< hq;=j ;snqfKa hqoaOh yudr jQ .i h' tfia l<d k fufia is fkdjkakg o bv ;snq' ish ck fldgia m%d:kd lrk rf iduh iy ixjOkh fN!;sl jYfhka fuka u wOHd;al fuka u udkisl jYfhka o is h hq;=h' flfia fyda rg mqrd jOkh jk ia;%Skag tfrys m%pKav;ajh Tjqkaf.a uQ,sl ksia whs;sjdisl W,a,x>kh lrkakla nj y~ .d lshkakg ;j;a m%udo h hq;= ke;' iudch ;=< mj;sk mqreIdm;Hhsl wdl,am fndfyda g kS;sh l%shd;aul lsf o n,mdk fyhska .Dyia: m%pKav;ajhka ljrdldrhlska is jqj;a tajd w;sYhska fm!oa.,sl isoa f,i fyda mjqf,a .re;ajh /l.ekSu Wfoid jika l< hq;= isoa f,i fndfyda fofkl= iska ie,flhs' tksid u .Dyh ;=<" mjq, ;=< flfrk wmrdO fyda ysxik fiiq f,dalfhka jika lrkq ,efnhs' iudc iu;h jkafka;a" ia;%Skaf.a iudc N+ldj jkafka;a ish jOysxid bjid ord .kska" ta ish,a, bfha uqksj; rlska isu h' f.hs .sskaor msg; u hym;a |lf.a .;shla fkdjk njg wd.fuka iy im%odfhka lshd ka u;hka o fjdg n, md we;' f wd.l yd idm%odhsl wej;=-mej;=j,g ia;%sh muKla .re l< hq;af;a wehs@ mrdNj iQ;%fha fuka u isdf,dajdo iQ;%fha mska fkdlghq;= yd lghq;= foa .ek lsisfjla l;d fkdlrkafka ukaoehs is;d .kakg ne h' ish hhg ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl lrkd ;d;a;,d isk iudchl fujka jHikhka j<lajd ,Sug ck;dj oekqj;aj fm< .eish hq;= ld,h t<e we;'

;udg isjk ysxik fyda m%pKv;ajhka fmd,Sishg fyda wod< wdh;kj,g me,s lsug ldka;djka fndfyduhla melsf,kafka;a" lalidohla fyda fjkaula .ek fkdis;d iqjp" lSlre hlf.a N+ldj rkq ,nkafka;a iudc wmjdohkag ,la ug we;s ys T;ma .=K ksid h hq;= h'

ngysr rgj,a yd ii|k l, Y%S ,xldj b;d wvq lalido m%;sY;hla fmkakq lrhs' ta id:l jdy ;j, M,odhl;ajh fmkak q lrkakla fkdj .;dkq.;sl yd ixialD;sl u;jdohkag tfrys ug we;s h ksid lmkak ne w;a ism f.k isuls' my< uOHu mx;sl ldka;djka fndfyduhla .Dy fialdjka f,iska fkdrgg ixl%uKh jkafka o ish iehdf.a ;dvk mSvkj,ska ug nj lrk ,o wOHhkj, fy<sor we;'
ia;%Skag tfrys m%pKav;ajhka j. l<fyd;a" .Dyia: m%pKv;ajh" jHNspdrh" l+Gkh" ia;%Skag tfrys n,y;aldrh u. f;df yd m%jdykfha isjk w;jr" fiajd ia:dkfha fyda wOHdmksl ia:dkj, fyda fmd ldhd, fyda wdh;kj, is flfrk ysxik fyda wmrdO f,i oelah yel' .Dyia: m%pKav;ajh f ish wmrdO wNsnjd ishs' 1993 ysl iuqj fufia hdkdf meje;ajqKq udkj ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a c.;a u.ska ia;%Skag tfrys m%pKav;ajh .%y fldg we;'
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 17

zldka;djkag tfrys m%pKav;ajh hkafkka woyia flfrkafka Ydlj fyda udkislj fyda ,sx.sl jYfhka wk;=rla" wmrdOhla fyda ;ckhla wehf.a fm!oa.,sl fyda fmd ;hg is lsuhs' tfia l<fyd;a th o~qj ,eh yels jrols'Z

th oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 314$315$316$317 ^iq ;=jd, yd nrm;, ;=jd, ls j.ka;s hgf;a o~qj ,eh yels idmrd jrols'& by; i|yka mk; hgf;a ^2005 wxl 34& .Dyia: m%pKav;ajh hkq( .Dyia:

ia;S%kag tfrys m%pKav;ajhg mirhla ;=< j;a jkakl= Ydl fyda udkisl jYfhka mSvdjg ,la lsuhs' tfrys mk;a fuka u j.ka;s yd nek je" wmydi ls" wjuka ls jHjia:d ixfYdaOk kS;s wdh udkisl mSvdjka jk w;r Ydl fmd;aj, i|ykaj we;' mSvdjkag myr muKla fkdj whq;= ysr lr ;e" ksjiska msg hdu tajd fmr,kafka;" WoaOD; a je<elau wdh o we;=<;a f' lrkakg isym;a fjkafka;a s .Dyia: m%pKav l%shdjlg tfrysj kvq fndfyda foaj,a isjqKdg miqj mejh yelafla ufyaia;%d;a Widfha h' h' f,vd u<;a nv iqoO jQfha a ta i|yd mSvdjg m;a wh wod< fmd,sia k lula ke;ehs wmg ia:dkfha me,s l< hq;= h' is;kakg fkdyels h' fmd,sisfhka kvq meju i|yd lghq;= fkdlrkafka k fm!oa.,sl kS;s{fhl= uereKq f,vq fndfyda fj;s' u.ska wod< ufyaia;%d;a Widfha kvq ;j ;j;a .eyekqka yd oehka mejug lghq;= l< yels h' uefrkakg bv ykakg oeka jHNspdrh ld,h fkdfjhs' jHNspdrh hkq f,a {d;sfhl= iska ,sx.sl fjd j<lajkakg mshjr n,y;aldrlulg f.dreuhs' kE u .; hq;j we;' = flfkl= kE u jhil jHNspdrhg
.Dyia: idyisll yd ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdisl ms<sn|j mqreIhka oek .; hq;= lreKq lsysmhla igyka l< hq;=h' |g myr f" jO ysxid lsf whs;shla iehdg ke;' iehdf.a jOysxid" ysyer bjid ord isug lsisu |la ne fkdishs' tfiau oKav kS;s ix.%yh hgf;a" m%pKav;ajhg tfrysj kS;shg wkqj lghq;= lsf yd fmd,sishg me,s lsf whs;sh iEu ldka;djlg u we;' f.dre h yelshs' ta ksid fndfyda g mSvdjg m;ajkafka jehg m;a jQ fyda m;a fkdjQ .eyekq orejka h' ldka;djkag tfrys m%pKav;ajhka .ek jk ixLHd f,aLkj, jHNspdrhg f.dre jQjka .ek ixLHd f,aLk fidhd .; fkdyels ;r h' mjqf,a .re;ajh /l .ekSug;a" mjqf,a iduh wdrlaId lr .ekSug;a Wkka jk jeyshka fjd jika lr ;eug .kakd W;aidyh ksid f wmrdO fmd,sishg jd;d jkafka o ke;' 1996 ldka;d mfhaIK flaJh (CENWOR) iska lrk ,o wOHkhl fy<sor jQ wkaoug Wiia wOHdmkh yd oa;shsl wOHdmkh ,nk oehka 12] la ,sx.sl wmpdrhkag f.dre we;'

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

ta wkqj f oehka wmpdrhkag f.dre we;af;a mjqf,a u ms idudlhka w;ska h' mshd" fidfydhqrd" udud" ndmamd" iShd fyda f.org hk tk {d;Ska w;ska o oehka jHNspdrhg ,la fjhs' f ms p; yuqf fndfyda g oeh n, rys; fjhs' ksYYo fjhs' fy<s a lf<d;a urK njg ;ckh lrkq ,efnhs'
fgl uj yd ;a;ksh mjd mshd w;ska .e .;a jg u o~qj lrkq kd mshdg tfrysj lsisjla fkdlrkafka mjqf,a iu.sh yd iduh /l.ekSu i|ydhs' tys mj;sk idOdrK;ajh .ek uikakg ;r jHNspdrhg ,la jk oeh oekqj;a ke;' tfia lsug wehg Yla;shla o ke;' mqreIdm;Hhsl iudchl oehka fjkqfjka kS;s fyda jHjia:d ms<sirK fkdjkafka fun wjia:dj, h' 1995 is lrkq ,enQ jHjia:d ixfYdaOkfha jHNspdrh o~qj ,nd h hq;= nrm;, wmrdOhla f,i olajd we;' flfia fyda mjq,aj, jeyshkaf.a n,mE ish,a, wNsnjd hk fyhska fujka foa fmd,Sisj,g jd;d fkdfjhs' jHNspdrh i|yd o~qj flfrkafka kS;sm;sjrhdf.ka wkque;shla ,enqKq miqj muKs'

/lshd f fmdfrdkaj u; nf,ka fyda n,h md fldg"rjgd fyda jxpkslj udkj j.hd m%jdykh lsu" udre lr yeu" ,nd .ekSu hkqfjka l+Gkh jvd;a f;are l< yel' Y%S ,xldf / lshdfjka fmf<k fndfyda ia;%Ska wvq jegqmlg hkakg iQodk ksid;a foaYhkag ixl%uKh ms<sn| kS;s-;s fkdokakd ksid;a fndfyda fofkla fuf,i l+Gkfha m%pKav;ajhg f.dre fj;s' .Dy fialdjka f,i fuka u we ludka;h ;=, fyda fjk;a fkdfhla lafIa;% ;=, /lshd fok uqjdfjka ,sx.sl jD;a;slhka f,i o ia;%Skaj l+Gkh lsu wo fndfyda fofkl=f.a cdjdrula njg m;a we;' fufia foaY.; jk ia;%Skag uqyqK fokakg isjk ysxikhka k( jegqma fkd,eu fyda fmdfrdka jQ jegqmg jvd wvq jegqmla ,eu wk;=reodhl mirj, fiajh lsu oreKq Ydl ysxikhkag f.dre u u;ajH m%jdykh i|yd fhdojd .ekSu u;ajHj,g weneys lru wvq fi!LH myiql wkjYH .e .ekS kS;s frda .idjka nf,ka jdkqyrKh ls t'whs''$taia yd iudc frda.j,g f.dre f m%jK;djh kej; rgg meg yqfol,d u yd iudcdkqfhdackfha Ialr;d

ia;kg tfrys ,sx.sl S% a n,y;aldrh

j;udkfha klg ia;%Skag tfrys ,sx.sl n,y;aldr ls%hdjka myla isjk njg fmd,sia jd;dj, i|yka fjhs' ,sx.sl n,y;aldrhg ,la jk ia;s%h jrla wmrdOlrejd w;ska o ;j;a fndfyda jrla ta i|yd .kq ,nk kS;suh mshjrj, o h<s n,y;aldrhg ,lafZh hkq ms<s.;a u;hls' weh ,jd n,y;aldrh is jQ wdldrh h,s h,s;a msila yuqf yria m%Yak wika
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 19

l+Gkh yd ixl%uKh
fjk;a rgj,g fyda rg ;=<u fyda / lshdjla ,nd f fyda fjk;a fndre fmdfrdka u; jxpkslj uqo,a ,ndf.k ,sx.sl yd Y%u iQrdlEu i|yd cd;Hka;r yd cd;sl ugfuka ia;S%ka ixl%uKh lrjk cdjdru l+Gkh fia ie,fla'

lreKq fy<sor lr.ekSug ork W;aidyhka ksid weh m;ajk udkisl wmyiq;djh yd wd;;sh ms<sn|j W.;a kS;S{hka mjd fkdi,ld ykafka , uqo,a flfkl=f.a wd;au f.!rjhg jvd w.hk iudchla wo mj;sk ksid h hq;=h' fuu kvqj, jro l< wmrdOlrejdg jvd udkisl mSvdjla kafka wmrdOhg ,la jQ ;eke;a;shhs' Y%S ,xldf n, mj;ajk kS;shg wkqj ,sx.sl n,y;aldrh nrm;, jrola fia i,lk wjia:d fndfyda h' fjd k oekqj;aj fyda fkdoekqj;aj isjk n,y;aldrh" kS;sfhka fjka j isk jdyl hqj,la w;r muKla ish yels ffjjdysl n,y;aldrh (marital rape)" wdrlaIs; wjhl fyda ia:dkhl is flfrk n,y;aldrh (Custodial rape) yd lKavdh n,y;aldrh (Gang rape) wdhhs' iuyr g fndfyda wmrdOlrejka ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl lr ia;%Skaj urd ouk kuq;a" ;sikqka mjd ;ud ,sx.slj yeisreKq iyldh urd oukjd hhs i;aj wOHhkhkays fld;eklj;a i|yka fkdfjhs' oaHq;a udOHj,ska flfrk m%jD;a;s m%ldYhka ys o" uqs; udOHhkaf.ka o km;d ia;%Skag tfrysj isjk ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl .ek f;dr;=rej, wvqjla ke;'

fmdfrdka m%ldr oEjeoao fokakg ukd,shf.a mdYjh wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a ukd, mdYjfha {d;Ska w;ska ukd,sh ysxikhg ,la fjhs' jdlj fuka u Ydlj o f ysxikhka isfjhs' bkahdj yd ii|k l, ,xldf oEjeoao ksid isjk urK fuf;la jd;d ke;' tfy;a lkHdNdjh mslaik Nd.fha ;ju;a fndfyda hqj;shka udkisl mSvdjg m;a f' fgl mqreIhdf.a Ydl n,;djhka ksido wehg f Nd.fhka wiu;a jkakg isfjhs' Tyqf.a jrog o fodia ,nkakS wehhs'

,sx.sl ysxikh
ksoyia fj<| l,dmh wdY%s;j isjk ,sx.sl ysxikhka wfkl=;a fiajd ia:dkj, isjk ,sx.sl ysxikhkag jvd fnfyka je ugul mj;S' fiajd ia:dk we;=,; muKla fkdj u f;df;a" m%jdykfha;a" frday,a jeks fmd ia:dkj,;a f llre ia;%Syq m%pKav;ajhg f.dre fj;s' Wiq-iq ls" lkg fldg wiNH jpk lS" mqreI ,sxf.akashka m%oYkh ls yd m%jdykfha w;jr olajd f l%shd is fjhs' Wiia u i|yd;a ieye,a jev ,ndu i|yd;a ,sx.sl w,a,ia ,nd .ekSug l<ukdld;aj ks,Odyq fm<e is;s' tajd yg tl fkdjqKq l,ayS iuyr g fialdjg /lshdj wys f.or hkakg fyda fjk;a ;eklg udreug is fjhs' fj<| l,dmfha hqj;shla frda.d;=rj fnfy;a .kakg .sh g wehg ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl fldg urd oud frday,a f.dvke.s,af,a by< ud,hlska ug weo oeuQ ffjoHjrhdf.a l;dj wu;l fkdjk ne?re isoahls' fndfyda ;reKfhda fj<| l,dmfha ;rehka weiqre fldg Tjqka .e.;a miq w;yer oud h;s' tfia u Tjqkaf.a rka wNrK yd uqo,a rjgd .ks;s' tmuKla fkdj kS;s frda .id lsj,g mjd Tjqka fmd<Uj;s' fujeks kS;s frda .idjka fya;=fjka we;s jk

jdy is;a yd neKq m%pKav;ajhka Y%S ,xldf fuka u wdishdf o wm%ldkq s rgj, o f istla jeks ishjfia jqj o oelsh yel' oEjeoao fuka u lkHdNdjh mlaId lsu ;=<ska ia;%shg w;ajk udkisl ;ckh o tla;rd m%pKavld;ajhla fia ie,lsh yel'
20
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

wl rer jykh ksid fuu llre ia;%Skaf.a urKh mjd isjQ wjia:d we;' fuys i|yka l< hq;= ;j;a fokSh ldrKdjla jkafka ksis WmfoaYk fyda ufmka fkdue;slu ksid iuyr ;rehka <s|g jegqKq miq <sx lfgka u f.dv taf kHdh wkq.ukh lrka ,sx.sl jD;a;slhka njg m;a uhs'

lsula is jqjfyd;a <u we;s fmd,sia ia:dkhg me,s lrk f,ighs' tu jro i|yd wmrdOh is l< ;ek;a;dg oEwjqre isr o~qjula ,nd h yel'

oHq;a fuj, yd neKq m%pKav;ajh

jI 2006 tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixOdkfha uyf,alf.a jd;djg wkqj .eyekqkag yd oehkag tfrysj flfrk kj;u m%pKav;ajh jkafka f;dr;=re ;dCIKh yd oaHq;a fuj, Tiafia flfrk ysxikhhs' f;dr;=re ikaksfok ;dCIKhka Tiafia ,xldf o wfkl=;a rgj, fia u fujeks wmrdO isjk m%jK;djh je we;' fuu ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .kska ksrej;a mska;+r yd ,sx.sl l%shdj,shka /.;a fhda mg m%pdrKh flfrka ia;%Ska iy fYaIfhka u mdie,a hka wmyiq;djhkag m;a lsu tla;rd wdldrhl ysxikhka h' NdIKfha ksoyiag .re lrk w;r u ihsn wjldYh yryd flfrk fun m%pKavld l%shdjkaf.ka ia;%Ska yd oreoehka wdrlaId lr.kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|j f kj, f,dj mqrd O ixjdo we;s ;sf' f*aianqla" gqg" wd iudc cd,hkays mska;+r m< lsf fuka u fnod yod .ekSf o ;ukaf.a fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re tu iudc cd,hkays m< lsf o fuu ;dlaIKh okakd tfuka u" ksrka;rfhka wka; cd,fha ieirk oehka yd ia;%Ska j.lSfuka hq;=j fuu fuj, myKh l< hq;= nj Tjqkag wjfndaO lru fuys b;d jeo.;a fjhs' flfia fj;;a" 2006 lrk ,o jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhka ys tu mkf;a wxl 16 jk fldgfia 286 " ^1& iy 286 " ^2& ork j.ka;sj,ska oelafjkafka tn ,sx.sl ysxikhka i|yd tk f kS;s W,a,x>Kh

ia;%Skag tfrys m%pKav;ajhka i|yd l%shd;aul ug kS;s ilid we;" kS;s ixfYdaOkh lr we;" tfy;a .eyekqka o mska fuka u imQK ukqIH;ajh ys flfkl= nj jgyd .kakg;a" weh o whs;jdislj,g ysl s lshkakhla nj;a wmrdO lrk s whg fkdjegfykafka" weh ;ukag jvd ke;ak mskag jvd wvq jkdlulska ;lafiare lrk ksid o@
ia;%Skag tfrys m%pKav;ajh .ek msgq lsysmhla fkdj fmd;a lsysmhla ,sh yel' tfy;a f igyk ksujkakg f,dj m%lg ldka;d l%shdldkshl jk wkd yqfiakaf.a woyila Wmqgd olajkq leu;af;' ia;%Skag tfrys m%pKav;ajh fndfyda ia;%Skaf.a ;j, ieejqKq ryils' fmd; m;" idys;H fuka u udOH yryd o" iuka;%K" iuq yryd o .eyekqka fuka u mska o f ms<sn|j oekqj;a l< hq;=h' oekqj;a h hq;=h' ta udkj j.hdf.a hyjkh flfrys ldka;djkag tfrys m%pKav;ajh iDcqj u n,mdk fyhska h' yhg u iudcfhka wvla ryis.;j fyda m%isoafha fyda m%pKav;ajhg f.dre jkafka k tfia jk rf ta i|yd mek jQ kS;s l%shd;aul fkdjkafka k ta rg fyda foaYh flfia k YsIaG imkak foaYhla f,i ms<s.; yels o@

wdpdh mqIamd r,kS

weh 1 l,dmh 2012 21

yekau
b;d wE; w;S;fha o ixjOk ixl,amh ms<sn| O .%yhkaa mej;sK th Rcqj u ixjOkh hk jpkh yd inkaO fkdjQj o jOkh hkak .%y lsu iu ne mej;sKs kuq;a ixjOk ixl,amh ms<sn| udkj ksKdhl bm;a lrka f,dal wjOdkhg ,la jQfha" fojk f,dal uyd ix.%dufhka miq | jegqKq f,dal wdlh kej; ia:dms; lsug m%h;ak oeu;a iu h tys f,dal l%uh ixj; rdcHhka yd ixjOkh fjka mj;akd rdcHhka f,i N+ld bgq lsu wdrN lsu iu W!k ixj; rgj,a ngysr l%ufha foaYmd,k yd iudc l%uhg muKla fkdj ngysr l%ufha mdfNda.sl l%uhla je<| .ekSug o fhduq h

.%dh ixjOkh iy

,dxflah ldka;dj

l nexl=j yd cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, tlaj rgj, jdIsl tal mqoa., wdodhu wefvd 100 g je rgj,a ixj; yd Bg wvq rgj,a ixjOkh fjka mj;sk f,i k lrka tu rgj,a kd isgqug O l%shdud. .ekSu;a iu ixjOk ixl,amh O ugka jHdma; ug wjYH miqu jr h tys f,dal nexl=j" cd;Hka;r uq,H wruqo," tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixjOk jevigyk yd f,dal fi!LH ixOdkh fuka u m%dfoaYSh jYfhka wdishdkq ixjOk ixOdkh" %iaf%,shdkq wdOdr ixOdkh msysgjk ,o w;r fjd iska ixjOk jHdmD;s W!k ixj; rgj,g f.k hdu wrUk , fulS ixjOk jevigyka iu ixjOk ixl,amh w: ksrEmkh lsug wjYH h fuf,iska u;aj wdrN jQ ixjOk ixl,amh O oDIaka Tiafia ldYkh fjka wo jk g O Yaf,aIKhkag nkaj mj;S tys .%dh ixjOkh hkak iqfYaIS fCIa;%hls' ;DK uQ, ugf .%dh ckhd ixjOk l%shdoduh i|yd inkaO lr.ekSu tys uQ,sl u wruqK f"
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

f,da

.%dh ixjOkh
.%dh ixjOkfhys uQ,sl wruqKq jkqfha .%dh ck;djf.a iudc" wdl" yd mdil ;h Wiia wkaoka mj;ajdf.k hdug yels miqu ksudKh lsuhs' tys ixjOkh ms<sn| uq,ald,Sk m%fYhka wjOdkh fhduq lf<a by< isg my<g j hk (Top Down Approach) m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iq imdok l%shdoduhlg h' fuu l%shdoduh oe uOH.; yd ks,n,ld ,CIK fmkakq flK' tys mej;s wid:lNdjh fya;=fjka < wjfha my< isg by<g l%shd;aul jk iyNd.S;aj ixjOkfh ys (Participatory Development)

wjYH;dj rdcH fuka u rdcH fkdjk ixOdk iska o ykd.kq ,e h' fuu ;;a;ajh 1972 f,dal nexl=j yd wka; cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,a ksfoaY u; iyNd.S;aj ixjOkfhys jeo.;alu wkdjrKh flfrk w;r fuh oe uOH.; ks,n,ld m%fYhl isg ck;djd m%fYhlg ixjOk ixl,amh .uka lsula f,i fmkajd h yels h' ixjOkh fjka mj;akd rdcHhkays uQ,sl ixjOk l%shdoduhla f,i .%dh ixjOkh iqfYaIS jeo.;alula Wiq,hs' iyNd.S;aj ixjOkh jQ l,S ienka u <s m%cdj" ldka;djka" o<s;a ckhd ixjOkfha iDcq fldgialrejka lrka Tjqkaf.a iudc" wdl" foaYmd,k ;sridr ixjOkhla wruqKq lr.;a jevms<sfj,ls' tneka" fuu ,smsh u.ska .%dh m%cdj ixjOkfhys fldgialrejka njg m;a lsf l%shdoduhla fuka u Tjqka iudc ilrK l%shdj,shla ;=<g we;=<;a lsf l%shdj,shla jQ .uke.=u jHdmD;sh ms<sn| ;=< ldka;djkaf.a iyNd.S;ajh ms<sn| we.hSula wruqKq lr .kS' fuu ,smsh 2006-2007 ld,h ;=< wkqrdOmqr ia;%slfha bmf,da.u m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYfhys my; i|yka ji fod<fia .u ke.=u jHdmD;s l%shdjg k.k ,' tAjd 488 j,f.u" 489 wuqKqjej" 194 l=i,dkd.u" 509 fldaKm;srdj" 514 l=xl=u" 498 ix.GEj" 502 udkEj" 510 lhka.,a,Ej" 517 m.iajej" 492 w;a.u" 523 ;=Idrd.u iy 417 ix.GE.u hk m%foaYhka f'

w' wd'

je wuqKqj,ska msreKq w.ysl fkdue;s .ula ys lsu' .%dh m%cd iyNd.s;ajh ixjOk jHdmD;s i|yd fhdod.ekSu u.ska ;sridr ixjOkhla <dlr .ekSu' .%dh m%cdjf.a jfkdamdh ixjOkh iy iajYla;sfhka Tjqka kd isgqu' rcfha O fomd;fka;= iy mqoa.,hka w;r ukd iy-inkaO;djhlska hq;=j u;a mmd,k inkalrKhla ;=<ska m%cd ixjOkh <dlr .ekSu'

we' wE'

iyNd.S;aj ixjOkh jQ l,S ienka u <s m%cdj" ldka;djka" o<s;a ckhd ixjOkfha iDcq fldgialrejka lrka Tjqkaf.a iudc" wdl" foaYmd,k ;sridr ixjOkhla wruqKq lr.;a jevms<sfj,ls'

.uke.=u
.u ke.=u jHdmD;sh jQ l,S .%dh m%cdjf.a wdOHd;al fuka u fN!;sl ixjOkh wruqKq fldg 2006 jIfha isg l%shdjg kef.k jevms<sfj,ls' .%dh m%cdj ixjOkfhys iDcq fldgialrejka njg m;alr .kska Tjqkaf.a iajhx ixjOkh <.d lru fuu jHdmD;sfhys uQ,sl wruqK jQ w;r"
PdhdrEmh( fiamd,s fldafgf.dv

weh 1 l,dmh 2012 23

' ' ' .f foaYmd,k mCI YdLd i;s iNdm;s yd iuDoa yd m%cd ixjOk ks,Odkaf.a wjYH;d u; l=vd lKavdh ie,iq l< nj;a tu ixOdkfha wNHka;r .=Kd;aulNdjh ms<n| wvq s wjOdkhla fhduq lsu fya;fjka = tluq;lka jev lsu yd wd;au Yajdih f.dv ke.Sug .uke.=u = jHdmD;s wid:l ;sfnk wdldrh;a h' tu.ska .u ;=< fuf;la mej;s idm%odhsl iduQyl;ajh wNsfhda.hlg ,la ;sf' s
b' .%dh m%cdjf.a iaj-Yla;sh m%jOkh lsug rdcH uey;a u ^u 2007( 13& hk wruqK o jeo.;a jk w;r my; i|yka ;%sO m%fY hgf;a .uke=u jHdmD;sh l%shdjg kef.a' 01' h;, myiql ixjOkh 02' jfkdamdh ixjOkh yd 03' wdOHd;al ixjOkh hs f.dv ke.Sug .uke.=u jHdmD;s wid:l ;sfnk wdldrh;a h' tu.ska .u ;=< fuf;la mej;s idm%odhsl iduQysl;ajh wNsfhda.hlg ,la ;sf' Y%u odhl;ajh iemhSf;a jHdmD;s reia i|yd iyNd.s f;a je nyq;rh ldka;djka jqj o jHdmD;s reia ys ;SrK .ekSf uQ,sl;ajh ms mdYjh iska bgqlsu u.ska .uke.=u jHdmD;s jev igyka ;=< .%dh ldka;djf.a iyNd.s;ajh W!k ugul mj;S' th .uke.=u jHdmD;sfha ;sridrNdjh wNsfhda.hlg ,la lrk uQ,sl idOlhla nj fCIa;% wOHhkfha meye,s jQ lreKls' O fomd;fka;= w;r wka; inkaO;djhlska hq;=j l%shdjg kef.k .uke.=u jHdmD;s w;r iuDoa l=vd lKavdh l%uh yd .%dh l=vd fj<|fmd,la ksudKh lsf lKavdh l%uh .%dh ugf isg l,dm" m%dfoaYSh" ia;%sla" m<d;a fuka u cd;sl ugka o taldnoaOj l%shdjg kef.k nj meye,s lreKls' tu wdh;ksl lKavdh ieleiau ;=<ska .%dh ck;djf.a iduQysl tald.%;dj f.dv ke.Sug W;aidy l< o .%dh ugf ;SrK .kakd lKavdh wxYhkays je nyq;rh mska iska oefuka iyNd.s;aj ixjOkh .uke.=u jHdmD;s ;=< wNsfhda.hlg ,laj ;sf' f ksid

.uke.=u jHdmD;sh ;=< ldka;djf.a iyNd.s;ajh

.u ke=u jHdmD;s ksu lsf zzl=vd lKavdh l%uhZZ fhdod .ekSu iyNd.s;aj ixjOkfhys uQf,damdhla h" tu.ska .%dh m%cdjf.a wkkH;dj u.ska ixOdk.; u wruqKq lr.;a w;r Bg fNaoj,ska f;drj .f ish fokd inkaO lr .ekSu" <s m%cdj ldka;djka yd <uhskag m%uqL;dj ,ndu" m%cdjg lreKq fkdijd fy<s lsu" m%cd iyNd.s;ajh u.ska ;SrK .ekSu" j.lS yd j. <.dlr .ekSug W;aidy .;a; o fuys kef.k m%Odk fpdaokdj jQfha .f foaYmd,k mCI YdLd i;s iNdm;s yd iuDoa yd m%cd ixjOk ks,Odkaf.a wjYH;d u; l=vd lKavdh ie,iq l< nj;a tu ixOdkfha wNHka;r .=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn| wvq wjOdkhla fhduq lsu fya;=fjka tluq;=lka jev lsu yd wd;au Yajdih
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

m%dfoaYSh" ia;%sla" m<d;a fuka u cd;sl ugka o ;SrK .kakd ug ;=< ldka;djkaf.a ksfhdackh W!k ugulg ,laj mj;S' ;DKuQ, ugf ldka;dj i|yd ksis ksfhdackhla fkd,efuka cd;sl foaYmd,k iyNd.s;ajfha ldka;djf.a W!k ksfhdackhla f ;;a;ajh ;=<ska f.dvke.S ;sf" fCIa;% wOHhkhg wkqj meye,s jQfha f i|yd n,mdk idOl k .%dh ldka;djkaf.a W!k wOHdmk ugu;a" m%isoaO wjldYhg meKSu ldka;djg t;r fkd.e,fmk nj yd ldka;djg kdhl;ajh oeug fkdyels nj .%dh mqreIhka fuka u ldka;djka iska o ms<s.ekSu;a tfia kdhl;ajh ork ldka;djka hlv ldka;djka f,i;a" mqreIhka fuka yeisfrk nj;a" p;h ls<s lr.;a;shka f,i;a iudch iska Tyq yxjvq .eiSj,g ,la lsu;a h' fuu .uke.=u jHdmD;s i|yd Y%u odhl;ajh iemhSf nyq;r jYfhka ksfhdackh jkafka ldka;djka yd l=vd orejka h' thg uQ,sl fya;=j f,i fCIa;% wOHhkfha fmkS .sfha iajlSh lDIsldl jHdmdr hqKq lsu i|yd mqreIhka uQ,sl jYfhka iyNd.s jk w;r .uke.=u jHdmD;s i|yd Y%u odhl;ajh iemhSug ldka;djka iy orejka iyNd.S jk nj h' .%dh m%cdj u;a Kh wdOdr yd iajhx /lshd mqyqKqj inkaOj fhduq lsug .u ke.=u jHdmD;s u.ska jeo.;a msgqn,hla ,e ;sf' .u ke.=u ck;d iud. wgl ldka;djka yd ;reK ;reKshka iyNd.s lr .kska ldka;d kh ks;af;ka m%dfoaYSh f,al yd fCIa;% ixjOk ks,Odkaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka zzIsgfla u,a mqyqKq wdh;khZZ inkaO lr .kska f.j;= j.djg wkqnoaOj u,a j.dj islrk wdldrh ms<sn| oekqj;a lsf mqyqKq jevigyka mj;ajk ,' thg iyNd.s jQ ldka;djka 78 fofkl= fuu jHdmD;sfha kshe,S isk w;r tu ldka;djka m%ldY lr isfha wmf;a hk ld,h wu;r

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.uke.=u jHdmD;s u.ska ldka;dj n,.ekaf wxYhka u;aj Nd;d l< o ie,iq imdokh yd ie,iq l%shdjg ke.Sf;a ;Ska" ;SrK .kakd ugj,;a ldka;d iyNd.s;ajh W!k ugul mj;sk nj fmfkhs' ta i|yd n,mdk uQ,sl idOl w;r ixialD;sl wdl,am yd Yajdi" rdcH m%;sm;a;s ieliSu yd l%shd;aul lsu ms<sn| rdcH b,lal imqrd,Sug jev lrk mmd,k yd iafPd wdh;k w;r tluq;=lula fkdue;s u" .%dh ldka;djf.a oekqfuys mj;sk W!k;djh" kdhl;ajh oeug ldka;dj wlue;s u" foAYmd,kSlrKh" .%dh mjq,a ixia:dj ;=< mj;sk mqreIdm;H" ldka;dj m%isoaO wjldYh meKSu RKd;aul idOlhla f,i .%dh mqreIhka fuka u fndfyda ldka;djka iska Yajdi lsu" m%;sm;a;s yd jevigykaj, uOHu mka;Sh ck fldgia fkd;ld yeu jeks idOl n,md ;sf' tfuka u" .%dh m%cdjf.a uQ,sl .eg iy.; ;;a;ajhka wjfndaO lr .kska tlS .egkag i fiu Wfoid jHdmD;s ie,iq lsf wjYH;dj fuys ykd.; hq;=h' uhq fyar;a
iyh lldpdKs" foaYmd,k oHd wxYh" fmardfoKsh Yaj oHd,h weh 1 l,dmh 2012 25

,xldf je fjka ;sfnk ia;S%kag tfrys ,sx.sl n,y;aldrl fuka u .eyekq <ud wmfhdack inJOfhka n,Od wdh;k fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrk fuka b,a , d ldka ; dj yd udOH iduQyslh iska miq.sh cq,s ui udOH ksfokhla ksl=;a lrk ,' zwehZ irdj tu udOH ksfokh fuys,d m< lrhs'''

;S' a k by< hka mj d wmpdr is fkk m%udKhla jd;d jQ jk ia;S% IK yd <u 900lg je qkag tfrysj is ;=< f ms<sn| is , ;;a;ajh qj ldka;djkag yd <u m miq.sh udi 6 we;s jvd;a u nrm; udOH jd;dj,g wk frdayK uy;d mjik g ,lals f' fuys H m%ldYl w;a g yd n,y;aldrh ;a whg lsKSu h' fmd,sia udO hka IKh ,lalsu yd ;j 0 la u nd, jhialdr l= iska IKhkag jYfhka lsysmfofk nj;a thska is 70 dr hkaj lKavdh ial jkafka fuu nd, jh smhla my; laf' ,lalsu' hla IKhg l< tjka is lsy f.a %;dkH fkl= iska 13 ye ;l udOH jd;d ysyer lsu yd weh uE a;S%jrhl= we;= 5 fo ;reKshlg ,sx.sl ska reishdkq cd;sl a, k.r iNdf uk - ;x., = msila i Khg iNdf iNdm;s we; a k 2 la ;siafia I - ;x.,a, m%dfoaYSh 14 ye hl lsu' qg wh;a ,e.=y,l sl fmj;d >d;kh Pd; d iska Ty iNdf" iNdm;sjrh ;a 14 ye - wl=/iai m%dfoaYSh a wl=/iafia u ;j a miq.sh ud;= udifh ,lalsu' Tyqf.a uiaiskd isk d yd iNdf iNdm;sjrh urd u' - wl=/iai m%dfoaYSh l= tlaj IKh lr l= yd ;j;a fofofk g ,lalsu' hla IKh f.a {d;s fidfydhqr dia IKh lsu' a weh yerf.k f. fha 6 ye hl 13 ye hla me - je,a,j;a; m%foaY =f.a mq;Kqjl= iska fldam;s jHdmdlhl d ' - wkqrdOmqr hlhka yd K ls yd ur k fuka u wd.l kd a is jQ ldka;djka I ejkag a" y,am;sjreka .e - lyj;a; m%foaYfh dod.kakd .=rejrek skakg ,ef' l=vd or fhdackhkag fh <ska wika'kg" ol e,a orejka ,sx.sl wm g ksr;=rej udOH ;= gqjg lreKls' g wu;rj mdi neka u lK.d dackhka ms<sn|j o wm dackhkag ,lau ie a isjk ,sx.sl wmfh u Tjqka ,sx.sl wmfh mjqf,a {d;Ska w;sk rf;a" iudcfha;a fujeks msia w;ska hehs is;k hdu uska fmdf wdrCIdj i,ikjd a;ajh o f wdldrfhka by< jd;d g we;s wkdrCIs; ;; tfrysj isjk wmrdO iy .eyekq orejka wksis ag yd l=vd orejkag ;sfnk ldka;djkag %hd;aul fkdu yd ldka;djk kS;s ksis f,i ls f ksid biau;= wm olskafka mj;sk lrk w;r rg ;=< lrejl= jQ fndfyda msySu fmkakq s ys;jf;l= jer h ug fya;=j f,i l= fyda Tyqf.a {d; fuf,i wmrdO jOk drhg foaYmd,k{fh nrm;, .egjls' jd;d fmkajk wdl h' udOH foaYmd,k uey;a ,ndh ' kS;s wkqj o~qj ye ls%hd;aul fkdf n,h fkd;ld mj;sk md,k wjia:dj, kS;sh y ajh" ;rd;sru" Okh" " uqo,a n,h yd foaY h hq;= w;r ;;a; < hq;=h' uern,h idOdrKj ls%hd;aul s n,mE t,a, fkdl ,nd yd fujeks si ks ,sys,a o~qj f i|yd kS;sh kag" wdh;kj,g wk dfyda isro~qj ,nd je d;aul lrk ks,Od a;=jls' tfuka u fn Ilhkag w;aysgjQ hq;= w;r kS;sh ls%h h ug ;j;A tla fy a h hq;= ke;' ia;S% ;d .ek wm fojrla is o fuu wmrdO jOk yuqf kS;sh hgm; wes,s .eiS kSu jeks fya;+ka djqkag wem ,ndu g > ld,hla .e ksr; jk neka fu kvqj, ;Ska ,ndu ;a fujeks wmrdOj, d meK kej; kej; jerlrejka wem ,n d foka mjid ,s 08& m%ldYhla ,n ne,sh hq;=h' f ,Sv - 2012 cQ hq;= nj;a rd mqj;am;lg ^ika ug ;uka k .; ;A" bka wdrCId = dayK uy;d tla; mshka ndr.; hq;= nj H m%ldYl w;a fr a;=f Wiia ks,Odhl fmd,sia udO af j.lSu fou d,sia fomd;fk ejka w;jrhkag ,l ug fmd,Sishg lSu mej ;sfnk fm j. ;dj wdrCId ls ;sfnkafka .eyekq or ;dj wdrCId lsf g yefkafka rf ck d lsf yd fmd ck ;= w;r f wkqj wm h' rf kS;sh wdrCI khka is fkdl< hq rys; m%ldY iska fujeks j.lS umshka muKla o@ s fkdyelshdj hs' we; ag j.lsj hq;af;a fo or nqka rysj isjk w;jrhk dchu i;=j mj;S' zf. yekq orejkag tf wm tfuka u" rg ;=< .e ;af j.lSu uq iu ms<sn|j ieneka u IK" wmpdr keje ,sx.sl w;jr" isjk fujeks wmrdO hq;= wud;HdxYh" <uqkag tfrysj isjk jKkd lrk rgl yd ldka;d lg ldka;djkag yd rh .ek by,ska ;k jk <ud ixjOk j f ka ixialD;sh" iodpd h hq;= rdcH wdh hq;a;kaf.a wjOdkh wudZ hehs i|yka lr ka u" f i|yd j.lS a;=j we;= j.lsj ah hq;=h' fYaIfh d,sia fomd;fk ,ecacdjg m; K wldh" fm " cd;sl <ud wdrCI j wlrK wud;HdxYh u m%Yakhla nj ' ;=j we; uq uy;a iudcfha ms<sn|j fhduq l< hq dfok f,i wod< fkdi,lk wms" fuh ksis i ,n mdk m%Yakhla f,i dhd n,d" blaukska orejkag muKla n, mdk fya;= idOl fi fuh ldka;djkag yd a;ajhka we;s ug n, jeks ;; ' wjOdrKh lruq' fu jk wms b,a,d isuq d yd udOH iduQyslh n,Odkaf.ka ldka; Qyslh ldka;dj yd udOH idu cQ,s 13 k 2012

udOH ksfokhhs

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

iq.sh jir oyhl muK ld,h ;=< ksudKd;aul idys;H lD;Ska flfrys ldka;djkaf.a keUqreu jvd;a i;=gqodhl ;;a;ajhla fmkakq lrhs' f i;=gqodhl ;;a;ajh ixLHd;aul jYfhka k b;d by< hhs ie,lsh yelshs' YS%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: kdudj,sh imdokh lsu 1990 wfm%a,a udifha wdrN we;' kS;Hdkql+, ;ekam;= kS;sh hgf;a ;uka fj; ,efnk m%ldYk" cd;sl .%ka: kdudj,sh i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efnhs' tfy;a fuu uQ,dY% m%udKj;a ke;' fuhg wu;rj cd;sl mqia;ld,hg w;am;a lr.kakd m%ldYk o cd;sl mqia;ld, m%ldYk" wdOdr jHdmD;s hgf;a m< flfrk m%ldYk o i,ld n,kakg isfjhs' flfia jqj o ldka;djka iska fumuK idys;H lD;s ixLHdjla ,shd m<fldg we;ehs ksYa;j u ixLHd;aul jYfhka b,lalula f;dard frd .ekSu wiSre ldrKhls'

ia;ka yd f,aLk l,dj S% ( iudf,dapkhla zz m

idys;H udih ks;af;ka'''

fmd; ,shd uqKh lr.;a muKska fmd; ms<n| s ish,a, ksudjg m;ajkafka ke;' fmd; fj<ofmd,g oeh hq;h' wf, lr .; = s hq;h' ta uyd m%Yk = s a ldka;djlg myiqfjka ch .; yels m%Yk fkdf' a tkuq;a Tjqyq ,sh;s'

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: kdudj,sfha i|yka jk 1990 jIfha t<s gq <ud fmd;a ixLHdj w;ka ldka;djka iska ksudKh lrkq ,enQ <ud fmd;a ixLHdj y;,syla muK fjhs' tfy;a kdudj,shg tl;= fkdjQ ldka;djka iska ,shkq ,enQ <ud fmd;a ixLHdj Bg je nj meye,shs' msgq oyihla fyda iaila iys; <ud fmd;a fj<|fmdf,a w;s Yd, ixLHdjla olakg ,efnhs' f,dl= wl=ka' fmdhska isy;r muK m%udKfha wl=ka uqKh lr we;s" fuu <ud fmd;aj, msgq Nd.fha m%udKhg
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 27

ZZ

;% o we;=<;a fjhs' l;kaorh b;du ir, h' fl h' jirlg fujeks <ud l;d fmd;a oyhla muK <ud mdGlhka w;g m;a lrk f,aldfjda o is;s' fidaud chfld wfma b;sydi l;d yd nq oyf h h p; o <uhska fj; /f.k hdf ldhfhys fh iskakS h' <ud fmd;a wxYfhka f ;;a;ajfhka Tng .sh is,a fj;a;isxy" Ys%hd wkakldr" iukau,S moaul=udr wd f,aldfjda h ia:djrhl yska" <uhdf.a uki yd mej;= .ek wjfndaOfhka hq;=j ,sh;s' fuys is,a fj;a;isxy ;% Ys,amskshl f,i o ;u oCIl ish ksudK ;=< nyd ,kakSh' weh cd;Hka;r lS;shg m;a jQ f jhsfkka neyerj ish ksudK /f.k .sh f,aldjhs' Ys%hd wkakldr isxy, fuka u bx.S%Sis niska o fn!oaO p; l;d yd b;sydifha jeo.;a p; <uhskag ykajd f Ndrr lghq;a;l fh iskakS h' flfia jqj o fmr mdie,a fha orejkag yd tl fol jirj, bf.kqu ,nk orejka b,lal lrf.k ksudKh lrk <ud fmd;aj,ska 90]l muK u l;Djreka jkafka ldka;d msihs' thskq lemS fmfkk fYaI ,CIKhla jkafka f l;=jhkaf.ka 75]la muK fokd ;reK jhfia miqjk ldka;djka uhs' cdklS iQhwdr f w;r u;= fmfkk

ldka;djls' weh isxy, niska fuka u bx.S%Sis niska o iajlSh ksudK mK .kajhs' udfk,a chka;s kS;d ud,kS nKavdr wdkaf.a <ud lD;s o wmg yuqfjhs' f ;reK jhfia ldka;djka <ud fmd;a ,sug f ;r fm<ug fya;= jQ ldrKd ljf o@ uQ,slj u wm olskafka f ldka;djka ;=< f,aLk l,djg msiSug mj;sk wdidjhs' f,aldjl u ms<sn| isyskhla Tjqka ;=< we;s nj meye,shs' fndfyda ldka;djkag ;u <ud l;kaor fmd; m%ldYhg m;a lr .ekSug m%ldYlfhl= fidhd .ekSu wiSrehs' f ;;a;ajh ;=< wmg fj<ofmdf,a olakg we;s ldka;djka ,shQ fndfyda l;dkaor fmd;aj, m%ldYlhd njg m;aj iskafka o tu fmd; ,shQ f,aldjuhs' fmd; ,shd uqKh lr.;a muKska fmd; ms<sn| ish,a, ksudjg m;ajkafka ke;' fmd; fj<ofmd,g oeh hq;=hs' wf, lr .; hq;=hs' ta uyd m%Yak ldka;djlg myiqfjka ch .; yels m%Yak fkdf' tkuq;a Tjqyq ,sh;s' miq.sh oYlhl muK ld,h ;=< fhdjqka idys;H lD;s ms<sn|j uis,su;a jk g ldka;djkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh t;r by< ugul mj;sk njla fkdfmfkhs' fyaupkasld ,shkf.a" wkq, o is,ajd wd ldka;djka fhdjqka idys;H fj; Wkkajla olajd we;s nj fmfkhs' <ud l;djg ;r ldka;djkaf.a odhl;ajh fhdjqka idys;H flfrys fkd,eug tla fya;=jla h yelafla" fhdjqka idys;H wxYfhka isxy, niska m<jk fmd; m; ms<sn| wf,fha ySk;djhhs' wfkla me;af;ka" miq.sh oYlh ;=< oHq;a udOH uska m%pdrh lrk bx.S%Sis ;%mg o fuys,d lsish n,mEula is lr we;' bx.S%ish orejkag ljd fmdjd Tjqka bx.S%isfhka fmdaIKh lsf jqjukdjla

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

miq.sh oi jir ;=< oe f,i iudc.; ;sf' umshka bx.%Sisfhka ,shejqKq fhdjqka idys;H lD;shla ,g f.k orejdg ug ie meye is' wfma u iudcfha .e orejka .ek fyda kd.l orejka .ek fyda wfma mirh ;=< yefok jefvk orejkaf.a" kj fhdjqka orejkaf.a ; .ek oek.kakg" Tjqkaf.a .eg w; m; .dkakg" wfma .fya jef,a" fjf,a luf;a" yevrej oek ykd.kakg miq.sh oYlhlg;a tyd ld, mrdifha wfma umshkaf.ka orejkag wkqn,hla fkd,efnk jd;djrKhla we;s ;sf' wfma f,aldjka ,shkafka f iudch ;=< ys| h' tfy;a wfma fndfyda umshka orejkaf.a ukia ;=< weuldkq iudch" tx.,ka; iudch fyda ngysr fjk;a rgl iudc rEm.; lr ;sf' wuqv f,akaiqjg orefjda iskdfi;s' fjf,a nei jev lrk f.dhd orejkaf.a lgfhl= lr we;' <s|lska j;=r weo kdk wfma ksiqka" wfma .eyekqka f miq.sh oYl tlyudrl muK ld,h ;=<" wfma u orejkaf.a Wmydihg ,la we;' tfia jQ iudc jgmsgdjl fhdjqka idys;H flfrys f,aldjkaf.a wjOdkh wvqu mquhla fkdf' idys;H lD;sh l=ula fyda fjd th uqKh jQ miqj fj<| NdKavhla njg m;afjhs' NdKAvh fj<|d jkafka ke;s k ire f,i ,shkafka l=ulg o@ f. .sh oi jirl muK ld,h ;=< ldka;djkaf.a wjOdkh je jYfhka fhduq jQfha lhg hehs ie,lsh yelshs' fuys mqj;am;aj, l msgq o" ldjH tl;=jla f,i t<s gq fmd;a o w;r je nrla ldka;d f,aldjka w;g f.k ;sf' km;d yd i;sm;d m<jk mqj;am;aj, l

msgq wdl%uKh lsug f,aldjka iu;a ;sf' fuys yuqjk lldhka f.ka jefokd Yaj oHd, isiqhka h' Yaj oHd,h fhdjqka is;a kka whqka ii, lrjk N+hls' Tjqyq ;kslu o" fm%auh o" wkd.;h ms<sn| iel ixldj o w;ka is;a m;af,a /f|k ukr i;=glska o hq;= ld, mfohla .; lr;s' ta lhg f;da;ekakls' rinr ye= Wmokd ld, jljdkqjls' mirhls' ms-.eyekq ish fh!jkhkag f fmd ;;a;ajh ;=< wm .eyekq <uhska je ixLHdjla l mnef W;aiql jk ie olsuq' Bg fya;= ldrKd ljf o@ ms isiqkag fuka is;a fia .uka hkakg" is;a fia ls%hdldrlj, fhfokakg" fuka u is;a fia fm in|;d we;s lrf.k isf;a m%uq; nj iu j;a jkakg isiqhkag wmyiql we;sfjhs' ta wmyiql Tjqkag f.oka toa u Tf,d=f ,d f.k wd tajd h yelshs' is; neKq ;reKhl= yd fmka fj<S isg Tyqf.ka is; ,syS .sh l, Tyqf.ka fjk;a ;ekl is; r|jkakg ldka;djla u ksid u wehg ndOd we;sfjhs' Yaj oHd,fha fodrgqj," iudc wdl,amj,g we;=,aug fkdyels f,iska we;=,af ;yk mqjrejla t,a,d ke;' Yaj oHd,hg .sh o" ldka;djlg iudc ;yxj,ska .e,ula ke;' weh tg ish is;=,s lhg k.hs' mqj;am;a l msgqj,g fhduq lrhs' ta w;r u fmd; mf;a ;h yd ienE ;h w;r we;s uyd ysvei o weh olshs' weh ysvefia w.uq, fidhka l ,shhs' fuf,i lshka jQ ldka;djka .ek u;lh wj lrk g fudksld rejkam;srK lsh lemS fmfkk p;hls' ,Skd whska" chka;d relauKS"
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 29

wfkdaud rdclreKd" iS;d rxcks" mqIamd r,kS" Ydksld l,ayd" ixjkS lia;=wdr" iqkkaod rKisxy" r;akd ,xld wfl%u wd lshka ;u ksudK tl;= lr ldjH .%ka: f,iska m%ldYhg m;a lr .ekSug iu;a we;' ;%d whs' fmfrd" moH" .oH o ;u woyia bm;a lsu i|yd fhdodf.k ;sf' .S; idys;H ;=< o ldka;d odhl;ajh" ixLHd;aulj i;=gqodhl jOkhla olakg fkd,enqK;a" .=Kd;aul jOkhla ldka;djka w;ska ,shejqKq .S; idys;Hfha olakg ,efnhs' fuys,d" huqkd ud,kS" ohd o w,aia" l=iq mSia" r;akd ,xld

f w;r wmg olakg ,efnk fYaI;ajh k" b;d oCI .S; rldhka yd lshkaf.a ksy~ njhs' f ms<sn| tla .S; rldhla m%ldY lf<a' zldg o wms ,shkafka''''@ ljqo wms ,shk tajd .dhkd lrkafka'''@Z hk woyihs' f b;d .eUqka i,ld ne,sh hq;= m%ldYhls' f woyi bm;a l< .S; risldh" f rf ix.S;hg ,e .S;fha ys wdiajdoh w:dka;j |.kakg leu;s" Yd, ck fldgilf.a m%idoh kd.;a ksudKldhls' wms wehf.a woyi iu tl,ia lr.;a is;ska hq;=j" f miqjk oYlfha m%pdrhg

f miqjk oYlfha m%pdrhg m;a jQ fndfyda .S;j, yriqka nj u;lhg kd .; hq;= fjuq' f>daIdld ix.S;h iska hgm;a lr oukq ,nk yrj;a mo rpkd lrkakd jQ" rpl rpldhka fndfyda h' Tjqka ;=< oeka we;af;a l< lsuls' ,nq ln,a h hg hka ;sjdkd leg Wv u;=jk .x fha" iq<s lerflk wish olskakg" f rf risl ck;djf.a oEia ;j fldmuK l,la u n,d ish hq;= o@

wfl%u fuka u iqruHd udmsh fjfiiska u;= fmfkhs' f fndfyda rldhka ;u jD;a;Sh ;fha .S;h yd im in|;d we;s whhs' mirh iska ldka;dj ta ta fCIa;%hka i|yd h fm<Uulg yiqlrk wkaou thska ikd: fjhs' huqkd ud,kS lshla f,i rislhka w;rg meK miqj wef.a ksudK ckms%h" oCI .dhl .dhsldjka iska .dhkd lrkq ,en w;sYhska u ckms%h;ajhg m;a jQ whqre o olakg ,efnhs' huqkd ud,kS o" ohd o w,aia o" ;u .S; ksudK fmd;a jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a lr .;ay' ;drld jdi,uqo,swdr o fuu hq.fha .S;hg w; .eiQ l=i,;d ms f,aldjls' wehf.a .S;" fg,s kdgH f;aud .S; f,i m%pdrh jk whqre fmfkhs'
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

m;a jQ fndfyda .S;j, yriqka nj u;lhg kd .; hq;= fjuq' f>daIdld ix.S;h iska hgm;a lr oukq ,nk yrj;a mo rpkd lrkakd jQ" rpl rpldhka fndfyda h' Tjqka ;=< oeka we;af;a l< lsuls' ,nq ln,a h hg hka ;sjdkd leg Wv u;=jk .x fha" iq<s lerflk wish olskakg" f rf risl ck;djf.a oEia ;j fldmuK l,la u n,d ish hq;= o@ <ud l" <ud .S" <ud kdgH ms<sn| Wkkajla oelajQ f,aldjka lsysmfofkl= o f .;fjk oi jirl muK ld,h ;=< wmg yuqfjhs' iS;d rxckS <ud .S ix.%yhla idys;H f,dalhg tla lrkafka ;j;a ldka;d w;lska we ;% o ;u .S ix.%yh yev lsug Wmfhda.S lr .ksks'

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ta ;% we w;" wfma rf w.%.kH ;% Ys,amsksh jk is,a fj;a;isxy f.a hKsh" l=i,d fj;a;isxyf.a h' mqIamd b,x.ka;s,l o <ud .S ix.%yhla idys;H f,dalhg tlalr we;' <ud moH yd <ud kdgH bm;a l< tfkdald wurfialr" mshiS,s fkdhl wd f,aldjka o f w;r fjhs' fll;d" kjl;d fuka u mj;k idys;H lD;s /ila f jljdkqf wmg yuqfjhs' uydpdh mshiS,s fudkak" iS;d rxckS' mqIamd r,kS" wkq, o is,ajd" pka fldldr" fidaud chfld" iS;d ufyaka" l=iq idkdhl" iqfka;%d

ksudK ldhfha ldka;dj bfha fndfyda ndOl u;=fjhs' |l" ujl fuka u ;a;Kshl f,i o wehf.a lrmsg mej we;s j.lSf nfrka fyn;aj miqnisk .;shla olakg fkd,efnhs' ld,h l<ukdlrKh lsf ymkalu flfia fj;;a ldka;dj Ialr;d uka ish .ufka hd yels rlg hkakg t;r is;a we;a;shlaj isk nj ukdj ikd: fjhs'

PdhdrEm( iks fmfrd

weh 1 l,dmh 2012 31

ksudKfha Yd, msula mek .;a f,aldjls' l,la ksudK lghq;=j, kshe,S isg ksy~j isk f,aldjka o wmg yuqfjhs' fYaIfhka u lh ;u ksudK fCIa;%h lr.;a f,aldjka ;=< h l<lsula olakg ,efnhs' ldjH ix.%yhla m< lr .ekSf wmyiqj Tjqka ;=< f l<lsu we;s lr ;sf' we;e lshka ;ukaf.a hoka ldjH ix.%yh uqKh lrjd f.k bkamiq th wf, lr .ekSf .egjg uqyqK fokq olakg ,ef' fll;djg keUqre jQ f,aldjka o f .egjg uqyqK iskq olakg ,efnhs' mj;k fCIa;%fha b;d f.j;a yd m%n, .ukla hk f,aldjla f,iska wkq, o is,ajd wmg f oYlfha yuqfjhs' weh ,su wdrN lf<a f miq.sh oYlfha fkdjQj;a" f jk g weh ;u wiQjeks ksudKh o mdGlhka fj; f.k f.dia we;' ud,kS f.dakak Yaj idys;Hfha b;d jkd ksudK lsysmhla isxy, mdGlhka w;g m;a l< f,aldjls' mj;k idys;Hhg w; .eiQ f,aldjka lsysmfokd w;r" ka;d ,CIa isxywdr ^h .sh& %,SIshd .=KjOk" jika;d moaKs" is,ahd fmfrd wd f,aldjka fYaI oCI;d fmkakq lr ;sf' ixLHd;aulj fudjqka fj;ska bm;a flreKq .%ka: iaj,amhla jqj o" tajd .=Kd;aul w;ska fmdfydi;a h' miq.sh oYlfha w. Nd.fha kjl;djla f,iska ;ud iska fkdms<s.kakd i;H l;djla hehs weh iska u ykajd fokq ,enQ ldka;d ksoyi yd wef.a lh wksis f,i m%fhdackhg .kakd iudc ;;a;ajhka ms<sn| lu ksudKhla wfkdaud kdo iska t<solajk ,' lD;sh ldka;djl iska ksf,daNS f,i ;u ;h ms<sn| ;;= uqod y< wjia:djls' f,aldjl f,iska .eyekshg hd yels r iSud rys; nj fmka jQ wjia:djls wfkdaudf.a zmqkrela;sZ k lD;sh' fuu lD;sh o l;D m%ldYkhls' m%ldYk fCIa;%hg mh .id isk ldka;d f,aldjkaf.a ixLHdj o fuu f. hk
32
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

oYlhl muK ld,h ;=< je ula fmkakq lrhs' fuh ldrKd folla Tiafia isfjka mj;shs' bka m%Odk ldrKdj jkafka" ;ukaf.a ksudKh t<solajd .ekSug m%ldYlfhl= fidhd .ekSug fkdyels u ksid" ;ukaf.a uqo,ska l;D m%ldYkhla f,i lD;sh t<soelauhs' tfia t<soelajQ miq f,aldjka uqyqK fok m%Odk .egj jkafka" fmd;a wf,hhs' fmd;aie,a ysfhda" l=Kd uqo,a f.f fldkafoaish u; fmd;a myla fyda oyhla ndr .ks;s' f fmd;a /f.k ,xldj mqrd fmd;aie,aj,g hdf yelshdjla f,aldjkag ke;' fmd;a ndr udi .Kka .; kej; fmd;aie,aj,g hd hq;=hs' lsKS we;ak" fmd;lg 40]l muK jgula msg f,aldjg uqo, ,efnhs' uqK ho" fldia uqo, fuka u lsysm gla tyd fuyd-hd B ho o uykaish o i,ld n,k g f,aldj fyn;a we;s nj meye,s h' B< ksudKhla i|yd wehg uki tl lr.ekSu myiq ke;' ta ;;a;ajh tfia jqj o ;ukaf.a lD;Ska ;uka u m%ldYhg m;a lr .kska id:l .ukl hk f,aldfjda o is;s' f f,aldjka fj<|fmd, hlsis ia:djrhl isk nj fmfka' fmd;a i,ams,aj, " m%oYkj, fukau uyd fmd;a fmdf<a ;ukaf.a lD;s i|yd fjkalr .;a l=j, fuu f,aldfjda fj<|fmd, o ;u rislhka o b;d id:l f,i .%yKh lr .ks;s' f hym;a m%jk;djhls' iEu f,aldjlg u fuu ;;a;ajhg tau Ialr jqj o" wfma f,aldjkaf.a f .uka u .ek ;Dma;su;a h yelshs' flfiajqj o flfkl= wksldg w;la ke.sgqjd .ekSf udkj ys;jdlu ldka;d f,aldjka w;r jvd;a Yla;su;aj" iu.s imkakj mj;ajd .; yels k" idys;Hldhl jYfhka wehf.a f,dalh ;%jkq ksh;uhs' lreKd fmfrd

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;djh .Kkh lsf oYlh wkqj uq rfgka u jeu o;djhla 20'3] jd;d jkafka uvl,mqj ia;%slalfhks' o;d mr;r oYlh ^Poverty Gap Index& 5'1] la jk w;r th jhsfka by< u tallhs' ^cd;sl idudkHh 1'7 ls'& o;d mr;r oYlfhka" o;d fLdfjka my; isk ck;dj fl;r mam;a o hkak olajhs' ^ix.Kk yd ixLHd f,aLk fomd;fka;=j& rdcH fkdjk ixOdk iska ldka;djkag tfrysj is flfrk ish u wdldrhkaf.a fjkial ls ;=rka lr,Sf cd;Hka;r iuq;sh ksCIKh lrk isfvda lgqjg bm;a l< l,am jd;dfjka olajk whqre ,sx.sl fjkig wkqj fjkia fldg olajk o;djfha cd;sl o;a; fkdue;' ^ldka;dj iy udOH 2010& o;d mr;r oYlh kg mj;sk wdOdr jev igyka we.hSf b;d jeo.;a
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 33

PdhdrEmh( Ydks chjOk

idOlhla f' ia;%Ska rd;ald,Skj mam;=ka jk g mam;=ka fia fldka lrkq ,enQ ia;%Ska uqyqK fok jHQyd;aul ndOd lsisjla fkdi|d Tjqka fj<|fmd, wdlhg wka;.%yKh lr .ekSf wdOdr jevigyka fndfydag m%udKj;a ke;' fuu jd;dfjka uvl,mqj ia;%slalfha ia;%Skaf.a o;djfha iajNdjh ms<sn| idlaIs bm;a lrhs' ^j.= wxl 2 iy 3 n,kak& fujeks ikaoNhla ;=< m%n, iudc wdrlaIK cd,hla iys; iia;rd;aul jev igykl wjYH;djh f,i u;=fjhs' mam;a ia;%Skag wu;a wdlfha b;du;a wjodk ;;a;ajhka hgf;a jev lsug wu;rj iq/lSf wdlfha ^care economy& b;du;a jeo.;a j.lSj,g Wr ug o Tjqkag is f' ;u l,amhka mgq lrka iy wvq f. ,nk wu;a jevj,g ;,a fjka ;u ld,h ksrka;r weianekaula njg m;a lr .ekSug fuu ia;S%kag isj we;' hqoaOh jeks wnqoj, ia;%Ska jvd;a wjodk ;;a;ajhg m;a f' fuu jd;dfjka fYaIfhka u lDIs ludka;h yd inkaO hemq wdlh u; /f|k ia;%Skaf.a jk ud. flf mYapd;a hqo ikaoNh ;=< idj ixjOk m%;sm;a;sj, n,mEu f,aLk .; lsug m%h;ak orhs'

f;dard.kakd ,oafoa tu .j, jev lrk idudl ixOdk ;snQ ksid tu ixOdk u.ska ilaIKh lsf myiqj fuka u fuu .j, ia;%S-mqreINdh m%Yak .Kkdjla WCDM i|d ;su ksid h' ilaIKh i|yd tla tla .ul ksjdij,ska 10] l kshehla f;dard .kakd ,' .f o;a; m%d'f,a' ldhd,fhka ,nd .;aa w;r ,ehsia;=fjka iEu oy jeks ksjdih l%udkql+,j ykd .kakd ,' WCDM iska fldlalfpdaf,hs ys iuqL idlPd 77 la o lrfj,s ys iuqL idlPd 63 la o mj;ajk ,' fuu jd;dj ilia lsf 2011 fuu . fofla isoa wOHhkh i|yd iuqL idlPd ;=kla o mj;ajk ,' fuu jd;djg 2006 jirg fmr t,a'''B' md,khg hg;aj ;snQ iufha fuu .j, iy ia;%Skaf.a w;alS wh;a jkafka ke;' tu ksid m%cdjf.a ;fha ish ,laIK md,kh l< iy Yd, fokdjlg yd .= ld,Sk wk;=rej,g fya;= jQ igkald ixOdkfha md,kh hgf;a j;au fndfydag l=re jqj o th fuys ie,ls,a,g f.k ke;' my; i|yka Wm ldKav .%yh mok we;af;a lrf,s iy fldlalfpdaf,hs .j, 2011 mj;ajk ,o ilaIKh u; h' 2'1 ia;%Ska m%Odk wdodh Wmhkakka jk iy o;d fLdfjka my< isk ksjdi
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34

weh 1 l,dmh 2012

lrf,s iy fldlalfpdaf,hs ys m%Odk wdodh ud.h jQ ia;%Ska

fjk;a jpkj,ska mjikafka k lrf,s iy fldlalfpdaf,hs ys iEu ia;%Ska 10 lska fofofkl= ;u mjq,aj, m%Odk wdodh Wmhkakka is;s' fuu . fofla u ia;%Skaf.ka fndfyda fofkl= o;d fLdfjka my; is;s' fndfyda wjia:dj, mjq,aj, udisl wdodhu ks, o;d fLdfjka my< h' f" lrf,s .f mjq,a 621 lska 58 la o ^93'5]&" fldlalfpdaf,hs .f mjq,a 77 lska 71 la o ^92]& jYfhks' lrf,s .f ia;%Ska m%Odk wdodh Wmhkakd jk mjq,aj,ska tl mjq,la yer wka ish,a,

o;d fLdfjka my< is;s' fldlalfpdaf,hs ys m%Odk wdodh Wmhkakd ia;%Ska jk mjq,a ish,a, o;d fLdfjka my< h' Y%S ,xldf ks, o;d fLdj jkafka tl mqoa.,fhl=f.a uq ienE ho tl;=j tl udihlg re' 3"028'00 ls' ^ix.Kk iy ixLHd f,aLk fomd;fka;=j 2011& 2'2 kl wdydr f,a

l;srf,s .f ia;%Skaf.ka ishhg 17'5 la klg wdydr f,a folla fyda Bg wvq .Kkla .kakd nj wms kslaIKh flf<uq' tk iEu ia;%Ska 10 lskau tl ia;%shlg je .Kklg klg wdydr f,a ;=kla .ekSug yelshdjla ke;' ia;%Skaf.ka ishhg 54'5 lg ;u mjq,aj,g klg wdydr f,a 3 la iemhsh fkdyels w;r tu mjq,aj, <uhska 3 la fyda j.=j 2 ( lrf,s ys o;d fLdfjka my< Bg je .Kkla is;s' j;a jk .Dy uQ,sl mjq,a fldlalfpdaf,hs ys fuu lrf,s .fuys mjq,l idudlfhl= i|yd jk wdodhu ixLHdj ia;%Ska 5 lg ^6'5]& jvd wvq h' bka tl mjq,l <uhska ixLHdj 3 la fyda Bg jvd je h' lrf,s .f ia;%Ska 63 lska 9 la ^14'3]& jekaoUqjka h' fuu ia;%Skaf.ka 6 fofkla ;ksj u fjfik w;r Tjqkaf.a jhi wjqre 50 g je h' fjk;a jpkhlska mjikafka k .f ia;%Ska iEu 10 fofkl=f.ka tla wfhl= jhia .; jQ wh jk w;r ;ksj u j;a jk jekaoUqjka h' fldlalfpdaf,hs ys kshefha ia;%Ska 14 la jekaoUqjka jk w;r jhi wjqre 50 g je Tjqka j;a jkafka ;ksju h' ta wkqj lrf,s ys ia;%Ska .Dy uQ,sldjka jk mjq,a
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 35

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17 lf.a ^26'9]& yd fldlalfpdaf,hs ys 27 lf.a ^35]& mjq,aj, idudl ixLHdj mia fofkl=g jvd je h' lrf,s ys ia;%Ska 12 la ^19]& yd fldlalfpdf,hs ys ia;%Ska 9 la ^11'6]& ;u ksfjiaj, <uhska mia fofkl=g jvd je ixLHdjla /ln,d .ks;s' 2'5 wj;ekau uvl,mqf m%cdj hqoaOh iy uE;l we;s jQ .xj;=r wdmodj ksid je j;djla wj;ekaug iy kej; mx lsug ,laj ishs' .g u mj;sk m%pKav;ajh iy wj;ekau ksid" ia;%Skag fYaIfhka u wjodkug m;ah yels mjq,aj, .Dy uQ,sldjka u ksid" ;h kej; kej;;a f.dv ke.Sug uqyqK u myiq ldhla fkdf'

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lrf,s .f o;a; wkqj 2006 hqoaOh ksid;a 2011 iajNdl wdmodjla jQ .xj;=r ksid;a .f ish u jeishka fojrla wj;eka lrkq ,eK' iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ ia;%Skaf.ka 62] la ^39& jirl muK ld,hla wj;ekaj l|jqrej, fyda {d;Ska iu j;a j ishy' l fofkl= udi 3 - 4 lg miqj wdmiq meKsh o nyq;rhlg ^77'7]& wdmiq meKSug yels jQfha udi yhla l|jqre fyda {d;Ska iy ;=rka iu j;a fuks' 2011 uq,a ld,fha mej;s .xj;=frka miq nyq;r fokd wj;eka jQfha i;s follg muKs' .xj;=r nei .sh jyd u Tjqyq wdmiq meKsh y' fldlalfpdaf,hs .u iuqL idlPdjg iyNd.s jQ fldlalfpdaf,hs .f ldka;dfjda Tjqka

36

weh 1 l,dmh 2012

iajNdl wdmodjka iy hqoaOfhka n,mEug ,la j Q j ka

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.; l< .egqj,g inkaO m%Odk wj;eka folla .ek l;d lr;s' m<uq tl is jQfha 1990 h' tg iuqL idlPdjg ,la jQ ia;%Ska 77 ka 64 la ^83'1]& ;u mjq,a iu .u w;yer hEug isjQ nj lSy' tu ia;%Ska 64 fokdf.ka 34 la ^53]& udi yhla fyda Bg jvd wj;eka j is w;r 26 la ^40'6]& jirla fyda Bg je ld,hla wj;eka j ishy' ;j;a 16 la ^25]& jir ;=kla fyda Bg je ld,hla wj;ekaj ishy' ilaIKhg Ndckh jQ ia;%Ska 77 ka 16 lgu ^20'1] fyda iEu ia;%Ska oyhlska 2 la& ;u ksjdij,g iy mdi,aj,g jir ;=klg fyda Bg je ld,lg wdmiq meKSug fkdyels h' 1990 .egqfuka wj;eka jQ ia;%Skaf.ka 30] lg ta kj, l=vd .eyekq <uhskaj4 is w;r Tjqkag o <uhska jYfhka wj;ekaf yd m%pKav;ajfha Ialr;dj,g uqyqK ug is h' ^1990 Tjqkaf.a jhi wjqre 4 iy 16 l mrdihl ;sK'& Yd, jYfhka wj;eka f fojk /,a, we;s jQfha 2007 .egq fya;=fjks' ta wjia:df iuqL idlPdjg ,lajQ tla flfkl= yer wka iEu ia;%shla u mSvdjg m;aj ishy' iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ fndfyda fofkl= ^97'4]& udi ;=klg fyda Bg je ld,hlg wj;eka ishy' 2011 ckjdfha .xj;=frka Tjqkag kej;;a f.afodr w;yer hEug is h' iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ whf.ka 94'8] i;s ;=kla fyda je ld,hla wj;ekaj ishy' fldlalfpdaf,hs .f j;a jQ ia;%Skaf.a w;alS ie,ls,a,g .ekSf iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ ia;%Skaf.ka 63 la ^82]& fuu wjia:d ;=fka u wj;eka jQy' fjk;a wdldrhlg iEu ia;%Ska oyhlska wg fofkl= u mSvdjg m;a fuka ;u ;h kej; kej;;a f.dvk.d .ekSug is h'

rEmigyk 5 fldlalfpdaf,hys jka jr is jQ wj;ekaj,ska mSvdjg ,la jQ

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2007 .egqu

2011 .xj;=r

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2'6 wj;ekau iy kej; mx lsu jk ud. flf we;s l< n,mEu fndfyda .%dh m%foaYj, ia;%Skag wj;ekau ksid ;u foam," ksjdi iy i;=ka jeks ;u jk ud. wys h' Tjqkag wiajekak o ke;s h' wdmiq ;u ydkshg m;a ksjdij,g .sh Tjqka uiqka ueu" meKs tl;= lsu" fyaka j.dj" j.dj" or /ia lsu yd t<j j.dj jeks mqre jk ud.j, fhf fndfyda iSudjkag hg;a ug is h' kej; mx l< m%foaYj, idudkH ck;djg hqoaOh ksid f.ug is jQ , jQfha l%udkql+,j W.%% o;djhg m;a u" foam, wys u" Kh.e;s nj je u yd fika fika ukao fmdaIKhg ,la u hs' im%odhsl wdodh ud.j,ska m%udKj;a wdodhula Wmhd .; fkdyels jQ ksid ksiaiq fydr u;ameka fmu jeks kS;s frda l%shdj,g o fhduq h' iuyr .eyekqkag j;a u i|yd .Ksld jD;a;sfha fhug o is h'

weh 1 l,dmh 2012 37

2'7 kej; mx lsfuka miq ke;su iy kej; f.dv ke.Su' mYapd;a .egq iufha lrf,s fuu wOHhkfhka lrf,s .f ck ixLHdfjka 10] l m%;sY;hla l%udkql+,j iuqL idlPdjg Ndckh flreKq w;r 2006 .egqf i;=ka ^t<fokqka" tjka yd l=l=<ka& 709 la Tjqkag wys h' Tjqka u jd;d l< wdldrhg fuu ydksfha jkdl re' 1"091"000 ls' iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ mjq,aj,ska 95] la u o;d fLdfjka my; isu;a" iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ iEu ia;%Ska 10 lska tla wfhl=g ojig wdydr f,a ;=kla fyda ,nd .ekSug we;s fkdyelshdj;a ie,ls,a,g .ekSf Tjqkaf.a remsh,a oY ,CIhla muK jkd f.or-fodr we;s l< i;=ka ke;s u lsis f,ilska ord .; yels mdvqjla fkdf' mdme yd h;=reme jeks ke;s jQ fjk;a j;alj, jkdlu remsh,a 1"320"500 ls' Bg md me 39 la yd h;=re me folla o we;=<;a h' 2006 .egq ksid ke;s jQ j;alj, uq jkdlu remsh,a 2"411"500 ls' fuu uqo,g rka NdKav" f.or fodr nvq yd .Dy NdKav we;=<;a fkdf' fuu wOHhkhg fuu mam;a mjq,aj, f.j,aj,g is jQ ydksh o f,aLk.; jkafka ke;' flfia jqj;a i;=ka yd m%d.aOk NdKav ke;su fuu .f j;a jk ck;djg .egqfuka yd wj;eka fuka w;a jQ buy;a wdl n,mEu olajhs' f .f ck ixLHdfjka 10] la muKs' fuu .Kkh lsu uq .ug u > l<fyd;a is jQ ydksh remsh,a 24"115"000 ls' fuu .Kkhg .f ck;djg .xj;=frka is jQ ydksh we;=,;a ke;' fuh uvl,mqj ia;%slalfha .j,ska tlla muKs' iuyr mjq,a ;ukag is jQ ydksh mshjd f.k we;s kuq;a fndfyda fofkl=g tjeks yelshdjla ke;' lrf,s .xj;=frka miq 2011 ckjd uyd .xj;=frka miq iuqL idlPdjg iyNd.s jQ ish fokd u i;s follg wdikak ld,hla wj;eka jQy' ia;%Ska 11 lg ;u wiajekak ke;s jQ w;r
38
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

ia;%Ska 21 lg i;=ka wys h' tl mqoa.,fhl=g nhsisl,h ke;s h' Tjqka jd;d l< wdldrhg ke;s jQ foam,j, jkdlu re' 544"500 ls' Bg ke;s jQ wiajekafka jkdlu wh;a jkafka ke;' ia;%Ska 12 la .egqj,g wod<j wj;eka fuka yd .xj;=r ksid wj;eka fuka ;u foam, wys jQ nj lSy' fjk;a wdldrhg iEu ia;%Ska 10 lska tl wfhl=g miq.sh jir lSmh ;=< kej; kej;;a ;u jk ud. iy foam, wys h' wjidkfha ia;%Ska 14 lg muKla ;ukag wys jQ jk ud. iy mdme kej; w;alr .ekSug yels h' tk" ia;%Ska 10 lska tla wfhl=g muKla ;ukag wys jQ foam,j,ska iuyr foa kej; w;a lr .ekSug yels h' fldlalfpdaf,hs .egqfuka miq fldlalfpdaf,hs .f iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ ia;%Skaf.ka 59'7] ;u i;=ka ^t<fokqka" tjka yd l=l=<ka& 387 la 2007 .egqu ksid wys jQ nj mejiQy' tys imQK jkdlu re' 728"500 ls' wm iuqL idlPd l< ia;%Ska iEu 10 lska 6 lf.a u we;s l< i;=ka .egqu ksid ke;s h' Bg wu;rj Tjqkaf.a remsh,a 528"000 la jkd mdme ^30& la yd h;=re me ^2& la ke;s h' iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ ia;%Ska i|yka l< ke;s jQ wfkla foam, jQfha ;a;r " .Dy NdKav" rka wdNrK" mere" f.j;= j.dj yd ud ,a h' tajdfha uq jkdlu re' 130"000 ls' iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ kshefhka 42'9] la u 2007 wj;eka u ksid ;ukaf.a m%d.aOk NdKav fndfydauhla wys jQ nj lSy' fuu ixLHd f,aLk Tjqka iska u bm;a l< jkdl jk w;r" fuhg f.j,a yd WmlrKj,g is jQ ydks wh;a jkafka ke;' ish u ia;%Ska ke;s jQ ;u mqoa.,sl j;al .ek i|yka fldg ke;' flfia jqj;a fldlalfpdaf,hs .f iuqL idlPdjg tla jQjka mejiQ wdldrhg tys ish mjq,aj,g is jQ ydksh re' 1"386"500 la h yelsh' fldlalfpdaf,hs .f iuqL idlPdjg

tla jQ whf.ka 92] lau o;d fLdfjka my; isk nj ie,ls,a,g .;a g fuh Tjqkag h fkdyels nrls' fuu ksheh uq .u u ksfhdackh lrkafkahehs ie,ls,a,g .kafka k kslaIKhg ,la jQ ld, mfofha fldlalfpdaf,hs .ug hqoaOfhka yd wj;ekafuka isjQ uq ydksh re' 13"865"000 la f,i .Kka ne,sh yel' fldlalfpdaf,hs .xj;=rg miqj wm yd idlPd l< wh mjik wdldrhg j.d lrk ,o j,ska" je jYfhka u l=Uqrej,ska wlalr 65'25 la kdY h' ta wkqj isj we;s uq ydksh re' 1'020"000 ls'5 .xj;=r ksid ia;%Skaf.ka 26] lf.a j.d kdY we;' fjk;a jpkhlska mjikafka k iEu ia;%Ska 10 fofofkl=f.a lDIsldl jk jD;a;s 2011 .xj;=frka kdY h' we;s l< i;=ka inkaOfhka n,k g ke;sjQ i;=ka ixLHdj 160 la jk w;r tys jd;d jQ jkdlu re' 295"500 ls' .xj;=r ksid ia;%Skaf.ka 18'2] l f.a we;s l< i;=ka wys h' ke;s jQ j;al ish,a, kej; f.dvk.d f.k we;af;a ia;%Skaf.ka 11 la muKs' ydksfha plS%h iajNdjh iy Tfrd;a;= u iy h<s ke.su mam;=kaf.;a mam;=ka jdr .Kkdjla wj;eka u iy lSm j;djla foam, wys u;a ie,ls,a,g .kafka k

fldlalfpdaf,hs .f iuqL idlPdjg tla jQ ia;%Ska 10 l f.ka 3 fofkl= o lrf,s ys 5 fofkl=f.ka tla wfhl= o mSvdjg m;a jQ w;r 2007 hqoaOh ksid ;u jk ud. ke;s wfkl=;a foam, o wys h' bka miq 2011 kej;;a .xj;=r ksid wj;eka ug is h' 2'10' ia;%Ska iu idlPd l< ia;%SmqreINdjh yd nekq fjk;a .eg ia;%Ska iska ykd .;a .egjla jQfha mqreIhska fukau ia;%Ska o u;ameka mdkhg weneys uhs' ,sx.sl inkaO;d je .Kkla meje;au" .eyekq iy ms <uhska w;r z<ud jdyZ" jdyfhka miq ;reK fha u |ka w;yer u" wvq jhfia .e .ekS iy jdy je .Kkla lr .ekSu jeks .eg o mj;S' fuu m%Yakj,g f olajd m%udKj;a iy ixf m%;spdr laug ffk;sl yd iudchSh hdka;%K we;af;a b;du;a iS; whqks' fuu ia;%SmqreINdh w;alSu iuyr g jeo.;a wdldrhg ;u ; f.dv k.d .ekSug ia;%Ska yd mqreIhska wfmdfydi;a f m%;sM,hla h yels h' tyd-fuyd hEug mkjd we;s iSudjka ksid mskag yd .eyekqkag /lshdjla i|yd hEug we;s wjia:d iSud lsfuka l=vd wjldYhl oji mqrd lsug lsis;a ke;sj l,a ueug" n, flf' tfuka u m<s.ekSug iy w;=reoyka lrkq ,eug we;s wjodku

j.=j 1 ke;s jQ j;alj, jkdl .%yh 6 lrfj,s 2006 .egq 2011 .xj;=r 1"091"000 532"000 1"320"500 12"500 2"411"500 544"000 2"955"500 fldlalfpdaf,hs 2006 .egq 2011 .xj;=r 728"500 295"500 528"500 130"000 1"020"000 1"386"500 1"315"500 2"702"000

ke;s ke;s ke;s ke;s ke;s

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012 39

ksid mjq,aj, iy m%cdf udkisl ;;a;ajhg o f miqu wys;lr f,i n,mdhs' mskaf.a;a" .eyekqkaf.a;a" <uhskaf.a;a udkisl mSvkh ie,ls,a,g fkd.ekSu ksid Tjqkaf.a wirK nj iy wfmalaId Nx.;ajh je lrjhs' ksjfia m%pKav;ajh iy ;u m%cdf m%pKav;ajh .ek ldka;dfjda idlPd lr;s'

lsu' ish m%cd lghq;=j,g iyNd.s ug''' ^2003& we;s whs;sh jYfhks' wjidkfha mYapd;a .egq wdl n,.ekaf jHdmD;shl id:l;ajh iy ;sridrnj ;SrKh lrk b;du;a jeo.;a idOlh jkafka ia;%Skaf.a n,.ekau uq uy;a iudchg u ;SrKd;aul jk njg we;s ixialD;sl wjfndaOh Yd, jYfhka iudc ixjOkh flfrys n,mdhs' ia;%Skaf.a m%.ukh iy ia;%Ska yd mqreIhska w;r iudk;ajh we;s lsu udkj whs;sjdisl ms<sn| ldrKhla fuka u iudc idOdrK;ajh i|yd fldkafoaishls' th ia;%Skaf.a .egjla f,i yqol,d lr fkd.; hq;=h' l,a mj;akd" idOdrK iy ixj; iudchla f.dv ke.Sug we;s tl u ud.h je we;af;a f yryd h' ish cd;Ska w;r ia;%Ska n,.ekau yd ia;%Ska yd mqreIhska w;r iudk;ajh foaYmd,k" iudchSh" wdl" ixialD;sl yd mdil iqrlaIs;Ndjh idlaId;a lr .ekSf mQj fldkafoais f' ^1995& fuu jd;dfjka biau;= lsug W;aidy lf<a isj we;s ydksfha Yd,;ajhhs' tk" rch iy igka lKavdh ikakoaO .egqj,g msiSf tu m%foaYj, is mam;=kaf.kq;a mam;a jQ ck;djg ug is jQ ydkshhs' fuu ydksh fndfyda g fmfkkafka ke;' ms<s.kafka o ke;' fuu ydksh .Kka n,d hqoaOfha msjeh ork ck;djf.a wjOdkhg fhduq l< hq;=h' . foll l< ilaIKfha ^kshe ck ixLHfjka 10]ls& mam;=kaf.kq;a mam;a fuu ck;djg hqoaOh ksid remsh,a oY ,laI 5 lg jvd ydkshla isj we;s nj gqfjuq' fuu ixLHdjg uq .f u ck;dj we;=<;a l<fyd;a remsh,a oY ,laI 50 la f' ta uvl,mqj ia;%slalfhka . foll muKs' fuu ydksh ms<s.; hq;= w;r th Tjqkag" Tjqkaf.a m%cdjg iy hqoaOfhka

rdfYaj ^26& iy wef.a iehdg ^45& orejka ;sfofkl= ^jhi wjq' 10" 6" iy 3& is;s' miq.sh udihl=;a k oyhl ld,hla ;siafia wef.a iehd rlaIK nkaOkd.dr .;j is' iehdf.ka myr lE weh ^w;a le ysfia ;=jd, we;sj& udi 12 la frday,a .;j ishd h' ta ld,h ;=< wehg lsis jevla lsug yelshdjla ;snqfKa ke;' ka weh uvl,mqf ksfjil fufyldhla f,i jev lrkakS h' ta .ek o ksiaiq l;d m;=rej;s' wE Whkafka ?g muKs' nv.skak kqK g ish mjq, u fidahd ms ld f;a fnd;s' wehf.a mshd ke;' uj uy h' wE l,ska j;a jQfha ue me<l h' fI,a fj m%ydr iufha wj;ekaj uhs,mjd,shg meK tys jirla ishy' wdmiq .ug meKs g tys lsisjla b;sj ;snqfKa ke;' weh fldagq iy mere fhdod l=vd me,la ;kd .;a;d h' th gq VPDF (Village People's Development Foundation) wehg ;djld,sl l+vdrula kafka h' wf.a <uhska n,d .kafka uj h' - ^WCDM iska 2007 meje;a jQ b,lal lKavdh idlPd&
iSfvda iuq;sfha 14 j.ka;sfhka .%dh ia;%Ska i;= h hq;= whs;Ska wgla .ek i|yka f' bka ;=kla fufia h' zzish ugj, ixjOk ie,iq idlPd lsug iy l%shd;aul lsug iyNd.s u' fiajd kshqla;sfhka fyda iajhx-/lshd ;=<ska wdl wjia:dj,g iudkj msiSu i|yd iafPd lKavdh iy iuqmldr ixOkh
40
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

mSvdjg m;a m%foaYj,g jefhka im;a fjka lsf b,a,Sug mok h hq;= h' fndfyda jev igyka l%shd;aul l< o tajd ia;%Skaf.a o;djh iy wdl wjodku ms<sn| .egj, Yd,;ajhg m%udKj;a jkafka ke;' fuu jHdmD;s iuyrla ixl,am.; fldg we;af;a mam;a m%cdjka fm!oa.,sl wxYhg wh;a hdka;%sl lDIs jHdmdr" we ly,a fyda uyd mudKfha jr jHdmD;s jeks m%Odk idj ksIamdok l%shdj,shg Tjqka .%yKh lr.ekSu i|yd h' iaa;%Skaf.a jev" tk wu;a wdlhg iy wdydr iqrlaIs;Ndjhg Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh" iy fYaIfhka mam;a u mjq,aj, hemq ugf jk jD;a;Ska ;=, Tjqkaf.a ls%hdldrl ie,ls,a,g fkd.efka' fuu uyd jHdmD;sj,ska ^lDIsldl ksIamdokh hdka;%sl lsu jeks& ia;%Ska wu;l lr oud we;s ksid Tjqyq ,sx.sl fiajd iemhSu fyda msgrg /lshd i|yd hEu jeks jvd;a wk;=reodhl l%shd ud.j,g fhduq fj;s' uvl,mqf ia;%Ska flf n,md we;s wdldrh ;=< mYapd;a hqo iufha wdl m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ms<sn|j jvd;a l%udkql+, ilaIKhla lsf wjYH;djhla mj;S' ir,d tuEkqfj,a
igyka 1' iCIKhg Ndckh jQ tla wfhl= ;u wdodh m%udKh i|yka fkdlf<a h' 2' ilaIKhg fhdod.;a ksjpkh( iefhla ke;' mjqf,a wfkla ish fokd u <uhska h' 3' flhd (CARE) wOHhkhlska uvl,mqf fndfyda ia;%Ska mam;a ug wu;rj hqoaOh yd iqkdh ksid .Dy uQ,sldjka o jQ nj fy<sfjhs' jd;d we;s wdldrhg .Dy uQ,sldjka we;s mjq,a 25"727 ls' Tjqka fndfyda fokdf.a uQ,sl wdodh ud.h jkafka iuDoa iy PAMA ^82]&' (CARE 2008) 4' 1990 jhi w;r mr;rh 4-16 ;a w;r f' 5' fuu ixLdjg l=Uqre wlalr 7'5 la kdY jqj o tys jkdlu ,nd fkdka mqoa.,hska fofofkl=f.a ydksh we;=,;aj ke;' 6' fuu w.hka iCIKfha fidhd.;a tAjd muKS' fndfyda ia;S%ka ;u bv yd wfkl=;a j;al wys lr.;a w;r tAjdg uq,Huh jkdlula fkdue;' tneka" uq j;alj, mdvqj fuu w.hka iska wvq ;lafiarejlg ,lalr we;'

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41 weh weh 1 l,dmh 2012 41

pdh ta'tia' pkadfndaia iy mS'mS' isjm%.di iska r; f;a j, r;= meyeh .%ka:h ms<sn| iudf,dapkhls' Red Colour of Tea: Central issues that impart the Plantation Communing in Sri Lanka Kandy: Human Development Organization 2012. f;a j, r;= meyeh fy<s lsu fuu lD;sfha uQ,sl wruqKhs' wm f;a j, fld< meyeh iy l meyeh fydka ykuq' wm f;a o lvkafka k f;a oj, fld< meyehka wfma weig jvd;a yqre h' wm" f;a mdfNda.slhka f,i f;a j, l meyeh wfma weig jvd;a yqreh' kuq;a fuu lD;sfhka biau;=fldg fmkajkafka f;a ksmojk llrejkaf.a jk ugu" iudc h:d:h iy mSvdld jk rgdj .ek i,lk g wmg m%;HCI h hq;= f;a j, r;= meyehhs' fuu lD;sh Ydia;s%h mfhaIKhl m%;sM,hla f,i fuka u f;a llrejkaf.a foaYmd,kh" iudc uqla;sh i|yd odhl hyels mhldrl mfhaIKhl (action research ) m%ldYkhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' ,xldf isjk O iudc mfhaIK w;r fujeks mfhaIK b;d iS;h' fYaIfhka u f;a llrejkaf.a weiska f;a ludka;h iy th mdolfldg f.dvke.=k iudc" foaYmd,k jmih Yaf,aIKh lsug l;=jreka W;aidy f.k we;' fYaIfhka u fmardfoKsh irifha Wmd,dNSka fofofkl= w;ska fujeks lD;shla imdokh u udf.a fm!oa.,sl i;=gg fya;=jk lreKls' f;a ksmojk llrejkaf.a Ialr;d wdrN jkafka Tjqka ix.Kkh lsf ls%hdj,sfha isg h' 2001 ix.Kk jd;dj wkqj" bkah iNjh iys; o< ckhd uq YS% ,xld ck.ykfha 5'4] la h' kuq;a
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f,i fldka jQ iudc lKavdhula f,i ie,lsh yels h' 1950 .Kkaj, isg is jQ O ckjd.sl m%ydrhkag Tjqka ,la jQ w;r" ;u /ljrKh i|yd isxy, hdno m%foaYj, isg kqjrt<sh jeks f;a llrejka nyq, m%foaYj,g fyda W;=relrhg iy we;eg bkahdjg ixl%uKh ug Tjqkag ish' wfkla w;g" NdId .egj iy fM;sydisl jYfhka j;=lrfha mj;sk wvqmyiqlj, n,mEu ksid ksoyia wOHdmkh iy ksoyia fi!LH fiajh jeks rdcH iqnidOk fiajdj,ska m%;s,dN ,nd.; yels we;af;a f;a llrejkaf.ka iS; msilg muKs' fuu lD;shg wkqj f;a j, r;= meyeh fy<sjk iudc" wdl f;dr;=re /ila mj;S' j;= llrejkaf.ka 50] lg;a jvd ;ju;a mxj iskafka hg;a ; iufha llrejka i|yd b l< ,hska ldurj, h' ck yd ix.Kk fomd;fka;=j iska mj;ajkq ,nk .DySh wdodh yd ho iCIKj,g wkqj 1990 isg kd.l iy .%dh wxYj,g idfmaCIlj <s wkqmd;h jvd;au by, ugul mj;skafka j;= wxYh ;=< h' f,dal nexl=f ixLHd f,aLkj,g wkqj Wm;a nr" jhig iy Wig i,k nr wkqj <orejkaf.a ukaofmdaIKh jvd;a u nyq,j jHdma;j mj;skafka j;=lrh ;=< h' YS% ,xldf iuia: idCIr;d wkqmd;h 92] la jkg th j;=lrfha 76] la muK f' ,xldf .%dh wxYfha <ore urK wkqmd;h j Wm;a 1000 lg 5'2 la jk g th j;=lrfha 13'5 la muK f' f o;a; ish,af,ka fmkakq lrkafka cd;sl ugug idfmaCIj iudc" wdl ixjOkh yd udkj iqN idOkh w;ska j;=lrh W!k ixj; ugul mj;sk nj h' tk wmg i;=g iy kejqnj ,ndfok f;a fldamamh ;=< lgql iudc h:d:hla ie we;s nj h' fuu lD;sfha je wjOdkh fhduq we;af;a iuia; j;=lrhg n,mdk idj ugf lreKq flfrys h' flfiajqj o

j;=lrfha ia;sS%kaf.a ;;a;ajh flfrys ie,lsh hq;= wjOdkhla fuys olakg we;' .DySh ugfuka muKla fkdj j;= l<ukdlrKh" iy mmd,kh" Y%u ixOdkh iy jD;a;Sh i;s ;=< mjd mqreIdm;H ;ka uq,anei we;' f.or fodr jevlghq;= i|yd je j.lSu ia;S%kag mej we;s w;r" j;=lrfha ia;S%kag iy mskag jegqma iudk;djhla u;aj ykajd we;s kuq;a" jev m%;sudk bgqlsu i|yd ia;S%kag je meh .Kkla jev lsug is we;' ,sx.sl;ajh iy m%ckk fi!LH w;ska j;= ia;S%kag iajhx ;SrK .ekSf yelshdj iS; h' tmuKla fkdj LRT jeks ia:djr Wm;a md,k l%u h ;rulg n,lsula iys;j j;=lrfha ia;S%kaf.ka je m%;sY;hlg ykajd we;' j;=lrfha ia;sS%kaf.a wvq fmdaIK ugu Tjqkag ysjk <orejkaf.a Wm;a nr wvqug m%Odk fya;=jls' mskaf.a wl u;ameka mdkh iy .DySh m%pKav;ajh ksid o j;=lrfha ia;S%ka mSvkhg ,la we;' wfkla w;g j;= iNjh iys; ia;S%ka kd.l .Dy fialdjka f,i nyq, jYfhka fhdod.kq ,nk w;r" Tjqka ,sx.sl iy fjk;a w;jrj,g ,la jQ wjia:d uD;l nyq,j jd;d we;' wOHdmk wjia:d h ;rulg mq,a u iy kj ksjdi blsu jeks Okd;aul fjkial j;=lrfha isfjka mj;akd kuq ;ju;a j;= iudch iuia; YS% ,xld iudcfha wmyerKhg ,la jQ lKavdhula f,i ie<lsh yelsh' zzf;a j, r;= meyeh j;=lrfha iudc" foaYmd,k ls%hdldrlhkag fuka u ,xldf m%;sm;a;s imdolhkag iy ixjOk wdh;khkag tlfia m%fhdackj;a h yels lD;shls' wjidk jYfhka wms mdkh lrk iEu f;a fldamamhla ;=< u we;s lgql iudc h:d:h .ek wm wjfhka ish hq;= nj fuu lD;sfha we;s iudc mKsjqvhhs' uydpdh ld,sx. hqv is,ajd
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012 43

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.; jQ ld,h ;=< fjkila is ke;a o@ ;;a;jh tf,i u k a thg fya;=j ld,h iu m%udKd;aul jOkhla is jqj o .=Kd;aul jYfhka udOH hqKq fkdu o@ udOH ixialD;sh ;=< .=Kd;aul l;sldjla is fkd" th yq fjf<| NdKavhla f,i m%p,s; u o@
iq.sh oil fol ;=k yd ii|d n,k l, j;udkh jk g YS% ,xldf udOH ixLHd;aul f,i Yd, jOkhla fmkakq lrk nj wjd; h' tu m%udKd;aul jOkh l=vd ck.ykhla iys; YS% ,xldf udOH fjf<| fmd<g k Tfrd;a;= fkdfok ;r nj
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

udOHfkshkaf.a

flfkl=g isf;kq we;' tfia u m%udKd;aul jOkh iu .=Kd;aul jOkh o iumd; jkafka k fyda .=Kd;aul O;ajh by< ;,hl msysfha k fyda udOH fjf<| fmd< ch.%yKh l< yels fia ck;djg f;dard .ekS lsu wmyiq jkafka ke;' flfia kuq;a fuu wNsfhda.d;aul udOH fjf<| fmd< ;=<" fkdtfia k udOH ludka;h ;=<" m%Odk Odrdjg wh;a ^Mainstream Media& f,i i,lk m%jD;a;s m;%" rEmjdysksh yd .=jka ,sh muKla f.k uid ne,Sf jqj by; lS m%udKd;aul jOkh jgyd .; yels h' ta wkqj" m%Odk Odrdjg wh;a km;d iy i;s wka; mqj;am;a .Kk f jk g 37ls' tu mqj;am;a m< jkafka tajdfha ysldr;ajh ork iud. 15la hgf;a h' .=jka ,s fiajd 47 ls' ysld;ajh ork iud. 16 la hgf;a tajd ls%hd;aul f' uE;l mfhaIK ldYk is l<" f jk g wdrN we;s rEmjdyskS fiajdj o iu rEmjdyskS ldYk fiajd 21 ls' tajd iud. 13 la hgf;a ls%hd;aul f' rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl jHjidhl;ajh hgf;a fuu m%Odk Odrdjg wh;a udOH ludka;h ls%hd;aul u o fYaIhls' wm i|yka l< mqj;am;a 37 ka 6 la rdcH uOH hg;g jef' b;s 31 fm!oa.,sl

iud.j,g wh;a h' .=jka ,s fiajd 47 ka 18 la rch hgf;a mj;sk w;r 29 la fm!oa.,sl iud. hgf;a mj;S' rEmjdyskS fiajd 21 ka 7 la rcfha udOH jYfhka mj;sk w;r b;s 14 fm!oa.,sl wxYh i;=j mj;S' f wkqj fm!oa.,sl udOH jYfhka je udOH wdh;k .Kkdjla mj;sk kuq;a" tajdfha iajdk;ajh yd wmCImd;S;ajh fuka u foaYmd,kh iu we;s inkaO;djhka .ek fuys idlPd fkdflf' g wu;rj by; lS mqj;am;aj,ska lsysmhla iu ,nd fok gef,dhs m%udKfha w;sfl ^Supplements& lsysmhla fuka u m%jD;a;suh fkdjk ^ldka;d" ;reK" <ud" l<d" wOHdmksl" wd.l wd& gef,dhs yd ta4 m%udKfha fjk;a m;a;r Yd, m%udKhla o i;s m;d m< fjhs' oa-udisl" udisl fuka u jdr m%ldYk o fjhs' wm;sjd udOH l;sldjka ;=< fuka u iCIKj, o wjOdkhg ,la fkdjk m%dfoaYSh udOH im%odhl b;sydihla hdmkh ;=< meje;Su .ek wu;l l< hq;= fkdf' miq.sh jljdkqf km;d iy i;s wka; mqj;am;a y;r ne.ska ^mqj;am;a 8la& hdmkfha m%ldYhg m;a jqj o" f jk g hdmkfha isg uqKh jkafka mqj;am;a y;rls' b;d u oreKq uokhkag mjd uqyqK f jk g;a wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hk Wohka mqj;am; kdlj isys lsu jqj Tjqkg lrk f.!rjhls' tfuka u w.kqjr flakaSh udOH ixLHd;aulj miq.sh ld,h ;=< jOkh jqj o m%dfoaYSh udOH im%odhla ls%hd;aul jQ hdmkfha udOHhg is jQfha miq niskakg h' thg fya;=j wdh;ksl fyda ysld;ajh ms<sn| .eg fkdj uqukska u tys udOHhg tfrysj is jQ uokh nj wu;l l< hq;= ke;' fjf<| fmd< ch.;a udOH ludka;hla jYfhka hdmkh ;r ia:djrj fkdmej;=k o l,ska l,g kef.kysr m%foaYfhka o mqj;a m;a m< ula olakg ,enqKq w;r tajdg o uohg uqyqK fokakg is h' wm fuys uQ,sl lr.;a m%Odk Odrdjg wh;a km;d

yd i;s wka; mqj;am;a >khg fkd.efkk m%dfoaYSh m%ldYk o .uqj" uykqjr jeks m%foaYj,ska uE; ld,fha isg olakg ,ef' rEmjdyskS udOH mdYajfhka o m%jD;a;s .Khg fkd.efkk ;j;a fiajdjla zzfn!oaOhdZZ kka uE;l isg ls%hd;aul f' ta ish,a,g;a wu;rj j;udkfha kj udOH ^New Media& Nd;h ,xldf;a m%p,s; ;sf' wdh;k jYfhka" lKavdh jYfhka fuka u mqoa.,hka jYfhka o fj wv" f,d.a wv /ila u ls%hd;aul f' by; lS m%Odk Odrdf udOH fuka u miqj i|yka l< fiiq udOHh o isxy," fou< yd bx.S%is hk NdId ;s%;ajhg u wh;a tajd f' YS% ,xldf ckudOH jOkh inkaOfhka fujeks fl mQldjla lrk ,oafoa tu udOH ;=<ska wmg fmfkk udOHfkshkaf.a m%udKd;aul jOkh fyda .=Kd;aul jOkh fyda f;are .ekSug h ;a; rEmhla u;= lr .kq msKsi h' ckudOHfha m%udKd;aul jOkh tfia jk g wmg ksrka;rfhka wikakg ,efnkafka tu udOH ;=< udOHfkshka jYfhka /lshd wjia:dj, wvqlu" Tjqkg mejre ,ndf fjkial lsu" by< ;k;=re$;SrK .ekSf ;k;=re ,ndf fkdie,lSu" wjia:d ,nd .ekSu fuka u udOH ;=< meje;au fjkqfjka ,sx.sl ysyerj,g ,lajkakg isu hkd jQ ksfYaOkSh ldrKd h' ;;a;ajh tf,iu o@ .; jQ ld,h ;=< fjkila is ke;a o@ ;;a;ajh tf,i u k thg fya;=j ld,h iu m%udKd;aul jOkhla is jqj o .=Kd;aul jYfhka udOH hqKq fkdu o@ udOH ixialD;sh ;=< .=Kd;aul l;sldjla is fkd" th yq fjf<| NdKavhla f,i m%p,s; u o@ imQK ms<s;=re fidhd .; fkdyels jqj;a o< ;%hla i|yd jqj by; lS m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fiu wjYH h' w;S;hg idfmaCIj j;udkfha udOH ;=< ldka;djkaf.a ;;a;ajh yd iyNd.s;ajfha jOkhla is ;sf o@ ke;sk fjkila is fkd;sf o hkak uiSug k ixikaokd;aul uYkhla l< hq;= h' tjeks uIKhla w;S;fha is
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 45

fkdue;s fyhska YS% ,xldf udOHfkshkaf.a ;;a;ajh inkaOfhka wmg l< yelafla j;udk udOH ;=< ia;S% mqreI iudk;ajh hk ksKdhlh uQ,sl moku lr .kska ksCIKhla lsu h' YS% ,xldf udOH ;=< ldka;d ksfhdackh inkaOfhka iCIKhla lrk ,oafoa 2011 jif ueo Nd.fha h' l,am m%;sm;a;s flakahg mjrd tu iCIKh lrk ,oafoa YS% ,xld mqj;am;a wdh;kh isks' th imQK tlla f,i ie,lSug yelshdjla ,e ke;af;a f;dard .;a Ihm:h jeo.;a jqj o wod< udOH wdh;k ish,a, ta i|yd ksfhdackh fkd we;s fyhsks' thg fya;=j iuyr udOH wdh;k iCIKh i|yd iyfhda.h fkdolajd ;suhs' jvd fkdie,ls,su;a we;af;a oaHq;a udOH wdh;k u fYaIhls' kuq;a udOHfkshka yd lrk ,o iuqL idlPd kshehla f,i .;a l< fmdf udOH ;=< jev lrk udOHfkshkaf.a ;;a;ajh ms<sn| we.ehSula lr .ekSug th Wmld fjhs' fYaIfhka nyq;r ck;djg ikaksfokh f.k hk m%Odk Odrdf (Mainstream) uqs; udOH ^m%jD;a;s m;%& yd oaHq;a ^rEmjdyskS iy .=jka ,s fiajd& udOH Ihm:h f,i f;dard .;a tu iCIKfha ia;S%-mqreI iyNd.s;ajh ms<sn| o;a; tys Ihm:fha iuia;h fkdjqK o thska f ldrKdj ms<sn|j o< woyila ,nd .; yels h' 2011 jif lrk ,o tu kj; u iCIKh wkqj" uq,ska i|yka l< Yd, jOkhla fmkakq lrk YS% ,xldf

m%Odk Odrdf udOH ;=< udOHfkshkaf.a ksfhdackh my; lafjk wdldrhg ;%Kh lr .; yelsh' udOHfkshkaf.a m%;sY;h udOHh mqreI uqs; 70'73 .=jka ,sh 67'07 rEmjdysksh 60'07 ia;%S 29'29 35'03 23'00

NdId udOH wkqj - m%;sY;h NdIdj mqreI ia;%S isxy, 74'03 25'07 bx.S%is 66'06 33'04 fou< 71'02 28'08 uqs; udOH je m%udKhla iys;j lrk ,o iCIKfha m%;sM, wkqj m%Odk Odrdf udOH ;=< udOHfkshkaf.a m%udKh o< jYfhka ;=fkka tllg iudk h' wfkl=;a udOHhg jvd ldka;d ksfhdackhla we;s nj oDYHudk jk rEmjdyskS udOH ;=< ksfhdackh fuys jvd;a wvqfjka olakg ,eu" wmf.a wkqudk m%Yak lrk iq h' wfkla fYaI;ajh k NdId fjkialu wkqj ne g bx.S%is udOH ;=< udOHfkshkaf.a ksfhdackh wfkl=;a NdId folg jvd bfhka ;suhs' mqreI mdYjhg idfmaCIj th folg tlla wkqmd;hg <d ;su idOkSh ,l=Kls' wm okakd idudkH f;dr;=re wkqj o fYaIfhka bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;aj, udOHfkshkaf.a ixLHdj wfkl=;a udOHhg jvd lemS fmfkhs' jdIslj mj;ajk ckudOH YsIaG;d iudk Wf<f,a fyd|u udOHf iudkh jir lsysmhla u kdf.k we;af;a bx.S%is mqj;am;aj, udOHfkshka h' tfuka u" f jk g YS% ,xldf mqj;am;a udOH ;=< isk m%Odk l;=jhka ;sfokd u bx.S%is udOH mqj;am;a ksfhdackh lsu fYaI h' ckudOH ludka;h ;=< ;Srl n,h m%Odk jYfhka flaka.; we;af;a mqreIhska w;

,xldf ia;%S uOHfka ckudOH ms<sn| mqyqKqjlg iyNd.s jQ wjia:djla

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weh 1 l,dmh 2012

nj wjd; h' fuu ludka;h ;=< udOHfkshkag ;SrK .ekSf ;k;=rej,g m;af .eg we;s nj ksrka;rj l;sld fl we;' bx.S%is mqj;am;a ;=kl l;=jhka ;sfofkla ysu" ta l;sldj ;=< b;sydih fjkqfjka ,e we;s ch.%yKhla f,i ie,lsh yels h' tfuka u wfkl=;a Wm m%Odk ;k;=re ork udOHfkshka msila o f jk g m%Odk udOH fCIa;%fha lghq;= lsu fuka u .= l,la ;siafia udOH fCIa;%fha / isu o jeo.;a h' ;SrK .ekSf ;k;=rej, udOHh mqreI mqj;am;a 99 .=jka ,sh 60 rEmjdysksh 16 ixLHd ia;S% 15 11 01

;SrK .kakd ;k;=rej, udOHfkshka fo;=ka fofkl= fyda olakg fkd,enqKq b;sydihla yd ii|k l< b;d u iq m%udKhla fyda udOHfkshka wo bfhka isu m%.;shla fuka u i;=gg lreKla nj ienE h' tfy;a" hy iudchla lrd hk .ufka ukqIH;ajh yd ta ukqIHhkaf.a wjia:d ia;S% mqreI jYfhka elrKh ;su ta .uk myiq lrkakla fkdf' kaj fjkqjg ixLHdjla olakg ,efuka i;=gq h yels f,dalh f jk g fndfyda r f.diska yudr h' f,dalh ka l;d lrkafka ixLHd fuka u wjia:djkaf.a o" ish whs;Skaf.a o fkdfjkialu .ekhs' YS% ,xldf udOH m%udKfhka by< f.dia ;sh udOHfkshkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh udOHfkag idfmaCIj ;ju;a b;d my< w.hla .ekSug fya;=j tl w;lska iuia; rg ;=< u mj;sk wdl,amuh fkdhqKqlu h yels h' udOH ;=< wLKavj / iska iudk wdjrK wjia:d ,nd .kska f.!jrkSh f,i tu jD;a;Sfha fhug yels f,i wdh;k ixialD;sh wdl,amuh jYfhka hqKq fkdu tys jvd m%n,j n,mdhs' ta w;r mjq, yd iudch iu .kqfokqf o tu fkdhqKq wdl,amj,g wkql+, ug udOHfkshkag is f' wm

by;ska lajQ udOHfkshka ms<sn| iCIKfha woyia olajd we;s udOHfkshkaf.a m%ldYj,ska fuu oa;aj mSvkh Tjqkg n,md we;s wdldrh meye,s f' iuyr wh m%ldY lr we;af;a .eg we;;a ;udg tajd wNsnjd bhg taug yels jQ njhs' ;SrK .ekSf yelshdj we;s Wm m%Odk ;k;=rla olajd meK we;s tla udOHfkshla m%ldY lr we;af;a thska by<g hEug ;ud ;=< leue;a;la ke;s njhs' tfia .shfyd;a ;udf.a ksoyi iSud jk njhs' fuys wmg meye,s jkafka udOH m%Odkshl= f,i b;du wflS j.lSula ug fkdyels iSud ldka;djla f,i ;sfnk njhs' jdyl mjq, ;=< udOHfhl=f.a Wm m%Odk ;k;=r m%Odk ;k;=r olajd by< hkafka k lsisodl;a ksoyi iSud ula f,i i,lkafka ke;' wdh;ksl w.;s.d ixialD;sh wNsnjd .sh o ldka;djla msfhl= fia mjq, ;=< j.lSu w;sl%uKh lrkakg fm<fUkafka wvqfjks' udOHfkshla jQ miq jd;d lsu i|yd wjia:d ,nd .ekSug yd udOHfha / isug ,sx.sl w,a,ia ug is jk njg jk fpdaokdj ks;r wikakg ,efnkakls' kj;u iCIKfha f inkaOfhka uiSula is we;' ;udg tjeks fohlg uqyqK ug is fkdjqK;a fjk;a whg tjeks ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK ug is we;s nj wikakg ,e we;ehs iuqL idlPdj,g iyNd.S jQ wh jd;d fldg we;' ;SrK .ekSf ks,hl isk udOHfkshla m%ldY lr we;af;a ;ukaf.a wdh;kfha udOHfkshka ;udg o ta nj okajd we;s njhs' wmf.a udOH ;h ;=< udOHfkshka fofofkla ;udg wjia:d ,nd u i|yd ,sx.sl w,a,ia ,nd .ekSug ;u m%Odkshd n,mE lrk nj m%ldY lr we;' udOHfkshkaf.a ksfhdackh je jQ g fujeks ;;a;ajhka j<lajd .ekSug yels wdh;k ixialD;shla f.dv kef.k njg idCIs f,i tjeks wdh;kj,ska tjeks fpdaokd t,a, fkdu lah yelshs' tfuka u tu wdh;kj, udOHfkshkag foaYmd,kh" wdlh wd Dv mqj;a ^Hard
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 47

ixLHdf ldka;djka mskag jvd by<ska w.hla .kakd kuq;a ckudOH wdh;k ;=< /lshd lrk ixLHdf iskafka b;d my<ska u fld;r k fjkialula o@ tmuKla o fkdf' miq ld,hl wO ld,Sk" ksoyia fyda m%dfoaYSh udOHfka jYfhkaj;a Tjqka olakg fkd,eu uid ne,sh hq;= lreKls' YS% ,xldf ckudOH ;=< udOHfkshkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh je lsug yd fjkial lsu je<elaug fkdfhla l;sldjka we;s ;sf' YS% ,xldf m%Odk udOH ixOdk my taldnoaOj cd;Hka;r ckudOHfkaf.a ix.ufha iyfhda.h we;sj udOHfkshkaf.a ;;a;ajh jOkh lsu yd ldka;djka inkaOfhka jd;dlrKfha News& jd;d lsf wjia:d o fjkilska m%.;shla ,nd .ekSu wruqKq lr.;a ldka;d f;drj ,ef' ke;ak fndfyda g udOH m%{ma;shla we;s lrk ,' th udOHfkshkag ,efnkafka l,d" <ud" m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,oafoa O udOH ; l;d wd uD mqj;a ^Soft News& wdh;k yd ixOdk my ksfhdackh lrk jd;d lsug h' udOHfkshka wiQjlg je msila iyNd.S udOH ludka;h Yd, f,i /lshd jQ 2006 ud;= 13-14 meje;a jQ fok iuqjl W;amdokh jk tlla fkdf' kuq;a h' tu m%{ma;sh udOH wdh;k ;=< W;amdokh jk /lshdj, ia;S% mqreI ls%hd;aul jQfha k udOHfkshkaf.a wiudklu Yd, f,i olakg ,eu .ek ;;a;ajh g jvd ixjOkh jk w;r u l;d lrk g bm;a jk tla u;hla ;sf' udOH ;=<ska ia;S%ka m%;sksudKh lsu o jvd tk udOH /lshdf fhug ldka;djka m%.;s.d jkakg ;sK' udOHfkshka wlue;s njhs' kuq;a tu ;lh wog j,x.= mqyqKq lsf jev igyka lsysmhla o wdrN fkdf' ta i|yd WodyrK kE ;r we;' flK' kuq;a" miq.sh jljdkqf we;s jQ YS% ,xld ckudOH oHd,fha jdIsl udOH uokh yd wdkafoda,kd;aul is maf,daud mdGud,dj yodrk isiqkaf.ka yryd tu lghq;= wvmK h' h<s tu nyq;rh jkafka .eyekq <uhska h' 2010 ls%hdldrl bhg f.k hEu wkd.;fha jif maf,daudjg we;= jQ 63 fokdf.ka udOH fCIa;%fha ia;S% mqreI iudk;ajh <d 44la .eyekq <uhska h' 2011 jif we;= lsug wkssjdh rel=,la h yels h' rgl jQ isiqka 60ka 33la .eyekq <uhska h' m%cd;ka;%jdofha fmr .ukalrejd ckudOH fjk;a wdh;k fuka fkdj ckudOH k m%:ufhka ta udOH wdh;k ;=< oHd,fhka isiqka msgjkafka" YS% ,xld m%cd;ka;%jdoh iudk;ajh ia:dms; h hq;=h' l;D ixi|h ilia l<" udOH ixOdk udOH ;=< m%udKd;aulj muKla fkdj iska ms<sf.k we;s" f jk g jir 13la .=Kd;aulj o ia;S% mqreI iudk;ajh ms<sUq jk udOH wdpdr Ou moaO;sh inkaO jkafka k ieneka u tu udOHhg rgl kqj;a udOH Nd;djla i|yd mqyqKqj ,nd fmr .ukalrejd h yels h' tfia ug f.k h' tmuKla fkdj" miq.sh jif k" h h idOkSh ,l=Kq o iys;j wo hdmkfha tla udOH mdGud,d wdh;khl udOH ;=< ldka;djg we;s ia:dkh thg jvd wmg yuq jQ isiqkaf.ka ;=fkka follg;a ishla .=Khlska jOkh h hq;= h' jvd jQfha .eyekqq <uhska h' f wdldrhg udOHhg we;= ug W;aidy .kakd iS;d rxckS

udOHfkshla jQ miq jd;d lsu i|yd wjia:d ,nd .ekSug yd udOHfha / isug ,sx.sl w,a,ia ug is jk njg jk fpdaokdj ks;r wikakg ,efnkakls'

48

weh 1 l,dmh 2012

fnf,dareishdkq ckudOHfka fofofkl= jk bkd fldai,sla iy hQ,shd fodfrdIafl fmd,Sish iska w;awvx.=jg .kq ,enQ wjia:df ;u igk fjkqfjka ch.%yKfha ix{d ck;dj fj; fmkajk whqre'
Photograph by: Vasily/Fedosenko, REUTERS

NdIKfha ksoyi -

w;a ia;% S m%fYhla

inkaO;djh ms<sn| fy<sor lsuls' koafhaIaod fld,fldksfldajd ^22& uhd w,afhdalskd ^24& iy fhl;kd iuq;afi ^29& f kj, fudial Widhla bhg muqKqjd we;af;a jir y;la olajd > h yels isr o~qjula wfmalaIdfjks' 2012 cQ,s 4 jeks od ,s;=fkshdf isg .=jka.; jQ l=vd .=jka hdkhlska fnf,dareishdf w.kqjr jk kaiala k.rhg l=vd orejka yqr;,a lrk fi,a, fg fnhd,d 800l jreidjla m;s; lrk ,' iavkfha jdih lrk iy fnf,dareishdf rch iy ckdm;s wef,alaidkav lfYkafldaf.a m%cd;ka;% frda ls%hd l,dmhka fy<d olsk msilf.a f ls%hdj ksid wo k jk g fg fnhd jkdys rdcH frda ixfla;hla njg m;a we;' wyiska jegqkq fg fnhd,d ;=re lr.;a O whf.a PdhdrEm wka;cd,h u.ska f,dj mqrd iqrejd yk ,' ka lfYkaflda rch PdhdrEm .;a wh;a PdhdrEmj,g fmkS is wh;a uokhg ,la lrka is uE;l fnf,dreishdkq udOHfkshka jk bkd fldai,sla iy hQ,shd fodfrdIafl hk fofokdg kaiala Widhla iska ov kshu lf<a tjeks PdhdrEmj, fmkS is ksid h' Yaj m%shd

iq.sh kj, reishdf iy fnf,dareishdf ;reK ia;S%ka ;u rchkaf.a iy rdcH kdhlhskaf.a w;a;fkdau;sl yeisj,g frdaOh m%ldY lsu i|yd ksudKd;aul m%ldYk iajNdjhka f;dard.ekSu;a ta ksid rdcH Woyig ,lau;a .ek cd;Hka;r udOH jd;d m< jqKd' ta iu u g udi lSmhlg fmr wfuld tlai;a ckmofha ia;S% lKavdhula o frdaOh mEulg uq, msrejd' 2012 uehs 28 jeks od nsrysr jkshd m%dka;fha .,a w=re lekSu i|yd l uqka kdY lrka m;,alrejka is lrk mir kdYhg frdaOh mEu i|yd m%dka; w.kqjr jk pd,aiagka ys msys m%dka; md,k ldhd,h bfha /iajQ ia;S% lKavdhula ;u ysi flia m%isoafha uqvq l<y' 2012 ud;= udifha reishdf fudial kqjr msys m,a,shlg lvd je fl%,skfha md,lhskag iy reishdkq ckdm;s mQkag tfrys j .S;h;a .dhkd l< zmqiS rhZ k mkala ix.S; lKavdhf idudldfjdaa ;sfokd kg udi 6la isrNdrfha miqfj;s' Tjqkaf.a .S;hg moku jQfha mQka iy reishdkq ;fvdalaia m,a,sh w;r mj;sk m%cd;ka;% frda iy ia;S% frda

weh 1 l,dmh 2012 49

ixl%uKsl fialdjka nyq;rhlg u ueofmr. rgj, NdIdj fyda bx.%is NdId kqu fkdue;s ksid S .Dyh ;=<;a bka msg;;a" lror /ilg uqyK mEug isf' q

zzixl%uKsl fialdj
fojeks mka;fha s mqrjeisfhla fkdf'ZZ
ka;dj yd udOH iduQyslfha mQKld,Sk ls%hdldkshla f,iska jir .Kkdjla mqrd ldka;d m%Yak inJOj;a" fYaIfhka ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a m%Yak inJOj;a uey;a fjka O ug yryd islrk ,o l%shdld;ajhka ;=<ska ud ,o w;aoelS iy ,dxlsl iudchg foaY.; ia;%S Y%lhska f.a odhl;ajh iy Tjqka uqyqK fok .eg ms<sn|j ,o oekqu fuu ,smshg mok f' rdcH fkdjk ldka;d ixOdk fuka u" ixl%uKsl whs;Ska i|yd jev lrk nyqck ixOdk lSmhl iy mqoa.,sl idudl;ajhla tl;=jla jQ ixl%uKsl fiajlhska i|yd jk ls%hdld cd,h (Action Network for Migrant Workers ACTFORM) wdrN lrk ,oafoa 1999 jif hs' ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a whs;sjdisl fjkqfjka cd;sl iy cd;Hka;rj n,mE ls%hdj,Ska ;=<g inJO fjka lghq;= lsug f yryd wjia:dj ie,iqKs' ixl%uKsl fiajl .eg inJOfhka Y%S ,xldf O m<d;aj,
50
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

ld

isxy," fou<" uqia,s" m%cdj ;=< f.dvke.S we;s idudl ixOdkj, iydh we;sj rdcH wdh;kj, m%;sm;a;s ilia lsj,g uey;a fjka fuu cd,h jev lghq;= lrf.k hhs'

b;sydih
miq.sh oYlh ;=< fj<| wdlh;a iu w;aje,a ne|.;a lk jQ f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sh f,dal ugfuka wkd.;h fj; ie,lsh hq;= n,mEula is lr we;s w;r thskq;a wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< we;s lr we;s n,mEu w;suy;a h' Y%S ,xldj ms<sn| i,lk l, Kh fldkafoais iu noaO lr we;s jHQyd;aul wdl .e,mq .%dh m%cdj ;=< iS>% fNaokhla we;s lr we;' fmd foam, im;a flfrys we;s ck;djf.a whs;sjdisl mqoa.,SlrK m%;sm;a;Ska iska wys fldg ;sf' wmkhkhg fhduq jQ lDIsldl m%;sm;a;sh nrm;, mdil ydks islrk w;r lDIs ldl ixjOkh Y=kH ;;;ajhlg m;a we;' fuf,i md,kh fkdlrk ,o fj<|m, n,f. iy wldhCIu jQ rdcH m%;sm;a;Ska iska fYaIfhka .%dh m%cdjf.a ldj l%udkql+, f,i kdYhg m;a ;sf' fuu m%;sma;;Skaj,ska oreKqu n,mEu is we;af;a ia;%Ska g h' <sNdjh jeu;a" wdydr iy jk meje;au ms<sn| wkdrCIs;Ndjh jeu;a iu ;uka j;ajk . iy k.rj,ska msg;g ixl%uKh ug <s ck;djg n,mE we;s lr we;' f ksid /lshdjka fidhd k.rfha ksoyia fj<| l,dm lrd o" foaY rgj,a lrd o ixl%uKh ug ia;%Skag ish' tla me;a;lska jD; wdlh yryd ,dxlSh ia;%Skag" ;u Wmka . j,ska" foudmsh wdm;Hfhka ;u Y%uh lsKSug wjia:dj ,enqKs' fuh ia;%Skaf.a wdl n,.ekaf yd ;u wNsjDoah

m;d kj wjldYhka jD; f jOkSh ;;a;ajhla f,i yekah yel' tfy;a fuu ;;a;jhkag m%;smlaIj ia;S%kag kakg is jQ RK m%;sM,hka o tug h' ueo fmr. we;= rgj,g /lshd i|yd we hk ia;%Ska k.rn| fuka u" .e m%foaYj,ska tk whhs' fudjqkag ,efnk /lshd wjia:djka je jYfhka .Dy fiajhg inkaOhs' b;d iq msila i|yd ludka; Yd,djkays llre /lshd wjia:d jD; h' f.da,ShlrKh yuqf u;=jk wdl .eg yuqf ;u mjq, kv;a;= lsf m%Odk j.lSu ldka;djka iska je jefhka orkakg u ksid u ixl%uKsl llre fialdjkaf.a ixLHdj o fkka k jOkh h' fufia Y%S ,dxlsl ixl%uKslhska ueo fmr.g /lshd i|yd .ekSug uQ,sl jYfhka n,mE fya;=jla jQfha ueo fmr. is jQ yis wdl msuhs' 1975 ka miqj wfkl=;a Y%lhska i|yd ueofmr.ska ;snQ b,a,Su wvq jqj;a .Dy fialdjka i|yd jQ b,a,Sf fjkila is fkdjqKs' 2010 uy nexl= jd;djg wkqj uq foaY /lshd Y%l ixLHdj 2008 jIfha 250"499 jQ w;r 2009 jIfha 247"126 la iy 2010 jIfha 266"445 la o olajd we;'

fuu ia;S% llrejkaf.a iudc miqu yd wfmaCIdjka

wo jk g ixl%uKsl fiajfha fh isk uq ,dxlslhka ixLHdj by< w.hla .kS' thska ueo fmr. fiajfha fhfok ixLHdj o by< w.hla f.k we;' ixl%uKsl fiajhg hk ldka;djkaf.ka nyq;rh wdl jYfhka Yla;su;a fkdue;s mam;a mjq,aj,g wh;a ldka;djka f' g wu;rj hqouh jd;djrKh ksid iajhx jk Wmdhka wys jQ mjq,aj, ldka;djka o fudjqka w;r f' fuu <s mjq,a ;ukaf.a wdl wNsjDoah
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 51

f.dvk.d .ekSf m%Odk wdodh ud.h f,i i,lkafka o ixl%uKhhs' Y%S ,xldf miq.sh jir ;=kl muK ld,hl ixLHd;aul igyka ne,Sf " Y%u ldKav wkqj fjka lsf .Dy fialdjkaf.a ixLHd by< w.hla f.k we;' 2010 jk g fuys m%;sY;h 42'4] nj uy nexl= jd;dj,g wkqj fmkajd h yel' Y%u ldKav wkqj fjka lsf j.=j

ixl%uKsl ldka;djka uqyK mdk q q .eg

Tjqka wjia:d ;=kl O .egj,g uqyqK fohs' foaY.; ug fmr fiajfha fh ish wdmiq ,xldjg meKSfuka miqj

jir
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mqreI
90,170 103,476 128,232 119,276 135,502

ia;%S
111,778 114,983 122,267 127,843 130,943

uq .Kk
201,948 218,459 250,499 247,119 266,445

fjki m%;sY;h
+8 +15 -1 +8

uy nexl= jd;dj 2010

fuu ldka;djka <s mjq,aj,g wh;a" wOHdmkfhka wvq" iudc kqj;aNdjh wvq ldka;djka nj o Y%S ,xldj ;=< O whqka lr we;s iCIK jd;dj,ska fy<sor f' fudjqkaf.ka je msi foaaY .; /lshd fidhd hkafka Tjqka" .Dyia: m%pKav;ajhg ,la isu iy jekaoUq ldka;djka njg m;a isu ksihs' fYaIfhka u fuu ldka;djka foaY.; jkafka Yd, wfmaCIdjka we;sj h' tk" bvula , .ekSug" ore mjq,a kv;a;= lsug" orejkag fyd| wOHdmkhla ,ndug" .eyekq orejkag fyd| jdy lrug" foumshka kv;a;= lsug fuka u ijhx-wdl jfkdamdhka f.dvk.d .ekSug jeks wfmalaIdjka uq,a lrf.k h' fudjqka rf wdlhg Yd, jYfhka odhl;ajhla ,nd kak o Tjqka ixl%uKsl ia;%Ska f,i iqfYaI jQ .egj,g uqyqK fok wjia:d tug h'

foaY.; ug fmr
fuu lreKq ldrKd ish,a, .;a l< foia.; ug fmr fndfyduhla ixl%uKsl ia;%Skag ish /lshdjg wod<j u;a mqyqKqjla fkd,ef' fYaIfhka u .Dy fiajh i|yd hk ia;%Skag foaY fiajd kshqla;s ldhdxYfha uQ,sl;ajfhka ,efnk mqyqKqj" t;r m%udKj;a fkdjk nj fy<s we;' ms,smSkh jeks rgj, we;s mqyqKq mdGud,d yd ii|d n,k l< fYaIfhka u ,dxlsl .Dy fialdjkag m%udKj;a m mqyqKqjla fyda foaYSh NdId kqula fkdue;su fYaIs; jQ .egjla ne" fkdfhl=;a iCIKj,ska iy wm w;alSfuka okakd lreKls' tfia u" kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk foaY /lshd ksfhda; wdh;kj, fyda ke;sk ks;Hdkql+, tAckaisj, ;e/lrejkaf.a wu;a ls%hd l,dmhka yd yqfola ,dN

52

weh 1 l,dmh 2012

,ef m%;sm;a;sh ksid o ixl%uKslhska fndfyda fofkl=g O Ialr;djhkag uqyqK ug is we;' wkjYH f,i uqo,a wh lsu" jxpd lsu" u;a .siq imhd fkd;su" iy iuyr wjia:dj, ia;%Ska foaY.; ug fmr O whqka ,sx.sl yd fjk;a w;jrj,g ,lau;a fuu .eg w;r uQ,sl f' foaY .uka n,m;%h ,nd.ekSf isg /lshdjg msg;au olajd u jHdc tAckaislrejkaf.a iy w;ruehkaf.a iQrdlEj,g ,lajk fndfyduhla Y%l ia;%Skag iudcuh jYfhka ;ukaf.a lemug jkdlula ,efnkafka o ke;'

ydmq;d w; ;nd.ekSu" mjqf,a idudlhkaf.a yis wikSm yd urK jeks wjia:dj, ta lghq;=j,g iyNd.s u i|yd ,xldjg taug wjir fkdu" wudkqIsl myrj,g ,lau" w;a;fkdau;sl f,i w;awvx.=jg .ekSug yd r|jdf.k ;eug Ndckh u" ;uka fkdokakd NdIdjlsska meje;afjk kvq Nd.j,g iyNd.sug isu" w;mh j,x.= ke;sj isysl,aj ke;ak ;h iqka jQ u< isrerla f,i wdmiq uu fj; meKSu jeks .eg .Dy fialdjkag uqyqK ug is we;s .eg f'

fiajfha fhf uqyK ug q isjk .eg

foaY.; fuka miqj /lshd i:dkfha fuu ixl%uKsl fialdjkag uqyqK mEug isjk .eg fndfydag fmd h' fuu fialdjka nyq;rhlg u ueofmr. rgj, NdIdj fyda bx.%Sis NdId kqu fkdue;s ksid .Dyh ;=<;a bka msg;;a" lror /ilg uqyqK mEug isf' tfia u" kj ixialD;shla yd mirhlg tlau" O wkaof ,s WmlrK Nd;d lsu ms<sn|j ksis kqula fkdu yd ksfji ;=< meh .Kkdjla fkdlvjd fiajh lsug isu" ,sx.sl n,y;aldrhg f.dre u" fmdfrdka jegqma fkd,eu" ksYa; ksjdvq khka fkdue;s u" ksis m wdydr we-me<" fnfy;a iy flh fkdue;s u" mjqf,a wh iu ikaksfok lghq;=j,g bv fkd,eu jeks .eg rdYshlg uqyqK ug isjk ne ckudOH fuka u" Tjqkaf.a meKs,s wdY%s;j wmg jd;d we;' iuyr wjia:djkaj, .siqj, ld,h wjika jqj o" ,xldjg wdmiq tAu i|yd wjYH lghq;= i,id fkd n,fhka fiajfha fhdojd .ekSu" foaY .uka n,m;% yd wfkl=;a jeo.;a ,sh lsh,s

wdmiq uug meKSfuka miqj

fuu ixl%uKsl ldka;djka kej; ,xldjg wd miqj o" Tjqkag O Ialr;dj,g uqyqK ug isf' Tjqka .= ld,hla rka neyerj isu ;=< mjqf,a idudlhka Bg wkql+,j yev .eiqKd muKla fkdj fndfyda wjia:djkaj, ;u orejka foudmshkaf.ka ria: u" jdyl mqreIhd j.lS orka lghq;= fkdlsu jeks ;;a;ajhka olakg we;' fuu ;a;a;ajh ;=< ;udg ;u mjq, ;=< ;snQ wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd n,j;a wr.,hla lsug kej; rgg mefKk ixl%uKsl ia;%shg isf' fm!oa.,slj uqyK isk m%Yak iuqodhg wu;rj uq,Huh Ialr;djhka isska weh fj,df.k ;sf' fYaIfhka u h wjia:djkaj, foaY.;ug ,nd.;a Kh mshug wmyiq u" j;a jk ksji mjd lsKSu fyda W.ia lsug isu" ,nd.;a jegqfmka fldgila b;s lr.ekSug wmyiq u" udkisl yd Ydl jYfhka fkdlvjd O frda.j,g f.dre u" jeks .egj,g uqyqK u fuys olakg ,ef' fndfyduhla wjdis iy.; wdl iy iudc ;;a;ajhka iska Tjqkag h<s h<s;a foaY fiajhg hdug n,lr is'

weh 1 l,dmh 2012 53

j;udk ;;a;jh a
ixl%uKsl llrejka Wmhk foaY ksuh Y%S ,xldf fojk Yd,; u foaY ksuh Wmhk ud.h njg f jk g m;a we;' Y%S ,xldf uq Y%u n,ldfhka foaY /lshdj, ksr; jkakkaf.ka ia;%S .Dy fialdjka 51] la o 49]la mqreIhska o jk w;r" Tjqyq fYaIfhka u ueofmr. /lshdjka i|yd hk Y%lfhda fj;s'

rgj,a wkqj foaY .;u (SLBFE)

Y%S ,xldf ia;%S ixl%uKslhska i|yd by< u b,aula mj;skafka ijq wrdhdj l=f yd tlai;a wrd t rdcHhka hk rgj, h' Y%s ,xldf Ialr m%foaYj,ska ixl%uKsl .Dy fialdjka jYfhka fiajh lsug we tk fuu ia;%Ska wvq wOHdmkfhka hq;a wvq kqj;aNdjfhka hq;a <s mjq,aj,g wh;a jk nj foaY fiajd kshqla;s ldhdxYh fydka okS' tfy;a Tjqkaf.a jev igykaj, f ldrKd flfrys je wjOdkhla fhduqjk nj fkdfmfka'

f jk g rdcH hdka;%Kh ;=< fuu ia;S%kag ,ndfok mqyqKq" rCIKhka wdh m%udKj;a fkdjk nj O iCIK ;=<ska fy<s we;' h iudchlg wka;.%yKh ug Tjqka olajk ug is,sgq nj ;=rka lsu Yd, wNsfhda.hls' ;udg mqre iudchl isg kqyqre fjk;a iudchla lrd .uka lsf tu iudcfha jkdl yd is;" ;a wdhg wkq.; ug fyda wju jYfhka tAjd ykdf.k f;are .ekSug h ugul yelshdjla foaY.;jk ia;S%kag ;su Tjqkaf.a udkisl hy meje;au i|yd w;HjYH f' fuu udkisl hymeje;au fiajlhdf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ugf fiajhla iemhSu i|yd w;HjYH h' ixl%uKsl fiajlhsf.a iqNidOk wruqKq lr.;a Y%S ,xld foaY fiajd kshqla;s ldhdxYh ;rula rg fyda Tjqkaf.a j.lS orka Tjqkaf.a udkj ysl yd fiajl whs;Ska ,ndf W;aidyhl fhfohs' tfy;a j;udkfha fuu hdka;%Kfha iuyr fldgia fydka ls%hd;aul jk kuq" iuyr fCIa;%hka ksjer wCIKhlg ,la fkdjk ksid wl%Sh iy ukao.d ;;a;ajhl miqf' rg uqyqK fok wdl wnqohka fkka k jOkh jk hq.hl fujeks wdh;khla u;aj ls%hd l< hq;= nj wmf.a Yajdihhs' fiajd .siq" fldkafoais yd llre whs;Ska iq/lSu ms<sn|j hdka;%Kj, ia:djr nj kg jvd ;yjqre h hq;=j we;'

f jk g rdcH hdka;Kh ;=< fuu % ia;kg ,ndfok mqyK" %S a q q rCIKhka wdh m%udKj;a fkdjk nj O iCIK ;=<ka fy<s we;' s h iudchlg wka;.%yKh ug Tjqka olajk ugisgq nj ;=rka lsu Yd, wNsfhda.hls'
54
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

Tjqkj wdrCId lsu i|yd a Y%S ,xldj ;=< kg we;s hdka;Khla %

iyY%l ixjOk b,lal (MDGs) Tiafia Y%S ,xldf ixjOk m%.;sh uekSf wOHhkhka cd;Hka;r ixl%uKfha w;alS u; mok fkdjqj;a Y%S ,xld

rch cd;sl wdlh i|yd tys we;s jeo.;alu ykdf.k is' tneka wNHka;r yd wka; cd;sl ixl%uKh /lshd wjia:djka ksudKh lr,Sf,d jeo.;a ldhhla bgq lrhs' tu ksid ixl%uKh Y%S ,xldf iyY%l ixjOk b,lal bgq lr,Sf,d jeo.;a ldhhla imQK lrhs' Y%S ,xld foaY fiajd kshqla;s ldhdxYh foaY Y%uh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rgj,a$wdh;k iu ks, inJO;djhka f.dvke.Sf W;aidyhl fhfoka is' tmuKla fkdj foaY .; ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk fiajlhka i|yd f;dr;=re iy rCIK myiql ,ndu o fjk;a myiql imhd u o lrhs'

fuu m%;sm;a;sfha m%Odk wruqKq w;r f' 2009 jif fuu m%;sm;a;shg Y%S ,xldf md,sfka;=f lek wkque;sh ,efuka miq Y%u ixl%uKh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexf lgqf wCIKh hgf;a m%Odk wud;HxY" n|jd .ekSf wdh;k" jD;a;sh i;s yd is,a iudc ixOdkj, ksfhdackh iys; by< ugf WmfoaYl uKav,hla m;a lr ;sf' ^fuh foaY /lshd m%jOk yd iqNidOk wud;HxYfha f,aljrhd iska le|jkq ,ef'& yeu uil u WmfoaYk lgqj /iajk w;r" tys jrh i;=j mj;skafka foaY lghq;= wud;HxYhg h' m%;sm;a;s ls%hdf fhou i|yd jev ie,eiq ilia lrf.k hka mj;S' ldka;d mqyqKq ixl%uKslhskag fuka u llre fiajlhka i|yd wksjdh mqyqKq wdrN lr we;' foaY fiajd kshqla;s ldhdxYfha YdLd ia;%slal ugfuka YdLd msysgqjd we;' Y%S ,xldf Y%lhska ,nd.kakd rgj, /lshd ksfhda;jre yd foaYSh fiajlhska n|jd.kakd ksfhda;jre iu in|;djhka mj;ajd .ekSf m.Kl cd, moaO;shla o /lshd ksfhda;hka fY%aKs.; lsf jev ms<sfj,la o ilia lr we;' Y%S ,xldf Y%lhskaf.a wdrCIdj by< kexf wruqKska f jk g fcdaodkh" ,shdj" lgd" nyfka iy tlai;a wrd t rdcH jeks rgj,a iu zoa mdYalZ .siq w;aika lr we;' fuu Y%l ixl%uKh rgl ixjOkh flfrys hym;a yd whym;a fohdldrfhka u n,mE yels w;r" ixjOkfha jdis iy wjdis fol u mj;sk neka" Y%S ,dxlsl ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, wdrCIdj yd iqNidOkh je hKq lsu i|yd ls%hd;aul jk fuu kj ls%hdud.hka wkd.;fha foaYfiajd kshqla;sh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula we;s lrkq we;ehs wmf.a Yajdihhs'
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 55

ixl%uKsl ixl%uKh ms<n| s cd;sl m%;m;a;h s s

foaY ixl%uK ls%hdj,sh jvd;a wkql,kh lsu i|yd fuka u f i|yd rch iska myiql iemhsh hq;= wdldrh ms<sn|j u fmkaf rduqjla ilia lsu i|yd ixl%uKsl Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla 2008 jIfha we;s lrk ,' cd;Hka;r llre ixOdkfha (ILO) WmfoaYl;ajh u; rdcH fkdjk ixOdk yd rdcH wdh;kj, iyNd.s;ajfhka ixl%uKsl fiajlhskag wod< m%Odk .eg iy Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, wdrCIdj yd iqNidOkh je hqKq lsu ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrka fuu m%;sm;a;sh ilia lrk ,' ldka;djkag yd mskag /lshd wjia:djka ,ndu' wdrCIs; /lshd mirhka ;=< fhda.H yd M,odhS ixl%uKsl /lshd wjia:djka we;s lsu' ksoyi iudkd;au;djh" wdrCIdj iy udkj .re;ajh wdrCId jk ;;a;ajhka ta ;=< f.dv ke.Su'

Tjqkf.a wdrCIdj i|yd we;s a cd;Hka;r lshdud.hka %

ish ixl%uKsl fiajlhska yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, whs;Ska wdrCId lsu i|yd jk cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh n,d;aulNdjhg m;ajQfha 2003 jif jif hs' fuu m%{ma;shg Y%S ,xldj w;aika ;nk ,oafoa 1996 jif h' ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a lgqj i|yd Y%S ,xldf ;;a;ajh ms<sn| m<uq jd;dj 2008 (First Periodic Country Report) bm;a lrk ,'

is,a iudch iy ldhNdrh

ixl%uKsl fiajlhska uqyqK fok m%Yak fl;r nrm;, jqj;a" f inOfhka ;ju;a ,dxlSh iudcfha wjOdkh ksis m fhduq ke;' we;e udOHhka yryd m%Yakj,g uqyqKfok ldka;djka ms<sn|j m%pdrhla f.k kak o" tA i|yd ms<sh fyda i ms<sn|j udOH ;=< iy iudch ;=< m%udKj;a l;sldjla ke;' Y%u wmkhkh lrk rgj, m%Odk foaY ksuh Wmhk ud.hla jkafka ixl%uKsl fiajlhka jqj;a fuu Y%uh wmkhkh lrk rgj,a fyda Y%uh ,nd.kakd rgj,a fuu fiajlhskaf.a fi!LH fyda iudc iqNidOkh .ek ie,ls,su;a jkafka b;d l,d;=rlsks' fulS rgj,a fujeks fiajlhkag fndfyda g i,lkafka fojeks mka;sfha mqrjeishka f,ig h' tfia u ;ukaf.a u rf mjd Tjqka i;=h hq;= mqrjeis whs;sjdisl ms<sn|j rch ie,ls,a,la fhduqlr ke;s wjia:d o we;' Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdisl .ek n,k l< fYaIfhka u Y%uh wmkhkh lrk fndfyda rgj, fuka Y%S ,xldf o ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a Pkao whs;sh Tjqkag wys we;' rdcH fkdjk ixOdk fndfydauhla f whs;sjdisl fjkqjfka cd;sl iy cd;Hka;rj n,mE ls%hdj,Ska .Kkdjla ilia lrf.k we;'
56
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ixl%uKsl fiajlhska uqyK q fok m%Yk fl;r a nrm;, jqj;a" f inOfhka ;ju;a ,dxlSh iudcfha wjOdkh ksis m fhduq ke;' we;e udOHhka yryd m%Ykj,g uqyKfok a q ldka;djka ms<n|j s m%pdrhla f.k kak o" tA i|yd ms<h fyda i s ms<n|j udOH ;=< iy s iudch ;=< m%udKj;a l;sldjla ke;'

fYaIfhka u f i|yd cd;Hka;r udkj ysl m%{ma;s yd f,aLk ;=< n,d;aul ;sfnk ixl%uKsl fiajlhska i;= whs;sjdisl rdYshls' f w;ka Tjqka kqj;a lsu" ixl%uKsl fiajlhskag ixOdk .; ug u fmkau" Tjqka iy mjq,aj,g iudc /ljrKh ie,eiau" Y%S ,xldj ;=< we;s cd;sl m%;sm;a;s kS;.; lsu" foaY.; ish;a ,xldf ;a Tjqkaf.a .re;ajh iy ms<s.ekSu f.dv ke.Sug lghq;= lsu" ixl%uKsl fiajlhskag t'whs''$tAiaj,ska iy wfkl=;a ,sx.dY%s; frda.j,ska wdrCId ug iy wkjYH ms<sis| .ekS j<lajd .ekSug wjYH kqu yd mjq, ie,iq WmlrK fj; <d ug myiql ie,iSu" kqmqyqKq llrejka fjkqjg mqyqKq kqj;a Y%lhka heu i|yd wjYH jev ms<sfj,j,a ilia

lsug rchkag n,mE lsu" iy tA i|yd iydh u hkd jYfhka jQ whs;sjdisl .Kkdjla ;yjqre ;sf' foaY.; kej; ,xldjg mefKk ldka;djka iudc.; lsu ms<sn| m%udKj;a jev ms<sfj,la Y%S ,xldj ;=< ;ju;a ia:dms; fkdue;' tneka" kej; furgg mefKk ixl%uKsl ia;%shg wfkHdakH wdrCIdj iyfhda.h iy Yla;sh i|yd ;u m%cdj iu fyda wi,ajdiSka iu tluq;= ug k" tu ia;%Skaf.a whs;sjdisl wdrCId lr .ekSug iy .re;ajh /l.ekSug odhl jk ixOdk msysgqf wjYH;djhla u;= ;sf' fujeks ixOdk msysgqjd .ekSu i|yd jD;a;Sh i;sj, fyda fjk;a is,a iudc lKavdhj, iyfhda.h ,ndh hq;=j we;' bkahdj" fkamd,h" nx.a,dfoaYh" ms,smSkh jeks wdishdkq rgj, o O wdldr jQ ixOdk f.dvke.Sug kej; ish rgg meKs ixl%uKsl ia;%Skag yels we;' mxpdh;a ixi|hka (Panchayath Forum) iy wd.uk jQ ixl%uKsl fiajl iudc (Returnee Migrant Workers Societies) hkd jYfhka ixOdkj, O iajrEm ;sf' Y%S ,xldf o fujeks ixOdk ud.fhka ;ukag wys jQ fndfyda whs;sjdisl iy wfkl=;a jrm%ido ,nd.ekSu i|yd ixl%uKsl ia;%Skag ;u y~ wj lsug iy ixOdk.; ug yels ;sf' fujeks ixOdk ys lru i|yd ldka;d ixOdk" ixl%uKsl ixOdk" jD;a;Sh i;s iy wfkl=;a ixOdk O wdldrfha inJO;d f.dv k.d .kska is' ixl%uKsl ia;%Skag ixOdk.; u" ;u whs;sjdisl ,nd.ekSu i|yd;a mQK mqrjeisNdjh ;yjqre lr.ekSu i|yd;a ysxikfhka iy iQrdlEfuka wdrCId u i|yd;a" ;u Yla;sh b;d fydka fhdod.; yels tl u wdrCIs; l%uh fuhhs'

jvd hym;a ;;a;ajhla f.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd" ixl%uKsl fiajlhka iy Tjqkaf.a mjq,a wdrCId lsf tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iuq;shg Y%S ,xldj o w;aika lr we;;a ;ju;a fiajlhska ndr.kakd rgj,a .Kkdjla fuhg w;aika ;nd fkdue;s u tA fjkqfjka lghq;= lsug n,mdk m%Odk ndOdjla iy wNsfhda.hls' ^Wod( ish u ueofmr. rgj,a& f ksid Y%S ,xldj iy fiajlhska ndr.kakd rgj,a w;r" oa-mdYal .siq (Bi-lateral agreement) we;s lsug lghq;= lsu' /lshd tAckaislrejka iy Wm ksfhda;hkag md,k Odk iy Tjqkaf.a lghq;= wCIKh flfrk u;a hdka;%Khla we;s lsu' ueofmr. rg,aj, we;s Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s ldhd, iy fldkaisHq, ldhd,j, .Dy fialdjka i|yd jk fiajdjka m%udKj;a fkdjk neka tajd m%udKj;a lsu' ILO ys ixl%uKsl fiajlhska ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%{ma;shg Y%S ,xldj ;ju;a w;aika ;nd fkdue;s neka thg w;aika ;nk f,i rchg n, lsu' ixl%uKsl fiajlhska iska wd:slhg iy iudchg ,ndfok odhl;ajh i|yd ms<s.ekSu ,ndu' kej; mefKk fialdjka iudc wkql,kh lsf l%ufohla f.dv ke.Su' Y%S ,xldf je jYfhka ixl%uKh jk ixl%uKsl fialdjka hk m%foaYj, Tjqkag iydh h yels u;a ldhlaIu jHqyhka ia:dms; lsu' ixl%uKsl fialdjkaf.a kqu yd Yla;Ska jOkh lsu i|yd jvd u;a mqyqKq l%uhla we;s lsu' foaY /lshdjka i|yd jk msjeh iy tAjdfha m%;s,dN ,nd.ekSf ls%hdud.hka ilia lsu'

jh,d fmfrd
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 57

f,dj mqrd wef.a y~

iq.sh wfm%a,a udifha ;=lsfha bia;dkanq,a k.rfha mej;s" ixjOkfha ia;S% whs;Ska i|yd jk ix.uh ^Association for Women's Rights in Development - AWID) iska ixOdkh l< /iaug O rgj,ska wd ia;S%ka fooyilg wl msila iyNd.s h' ia;S% whs;Ska iy hqla;sh bhg f.k tau i|yd wdl n,h m%;sksudKh lsu" tu /iafuys f;audj h' uq,a u kfha ixjdohg Ndckh jQfha j;udk f.da,Sh ikaoNh ;=, wm ia;S%ka jYfhka wdl n,h f;are .kafka flfia o hkak ms<sn|jhs" fofjks kfha wod, ikaoNh ;=, wm olsk m%jK;d iy tu ;;a;ajhka m%;sksudKh lsu i|yd fhdackd lsysmhla bm;a flreks. wdl n,h iduQyslj m%;sksudKh lsug wm ork m%h;akhka iy ta jgd f.dv kef.k ls%hdld;ajhka f;jk kfha ia;r h' wdl n,h ms<sn|j jQ fuu ixjdoh ;=, u;= jQ tla m%n, ldrKdjla k" ia;S%kaf.a mdYjfhka n,k l," kg rchka iska
58
weh 1 l,dmh 2012

iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H wdh;k iska bm;a lrk uQ,sl isoaOdka;hla jk zia;S%kaf.a im;a <sNdjh (resource poverty) ch.ekSug k je jefhka ia;S%ka Y%u fj<|fmd< fj; .,d wd hq;=hsZ hkafkys .eUqre idjoH;djhhs' f.or-fodf j.lS je m%udKhla ;ju;a ia;S%kaf.a lr u; megfjk iudc ms<s.ekS iu;a u f,dalfha yeu rgl u mdfya jecfUk ld,hl" ia;S%kaf.a ld, <sNdjh (time poverty) flfrys je wjOdkhla fhduq h hq;= nj AWID /iaf l;d l< ia;S% wdl fYaI{hskaf.a u;h h' yuqodlrKh" .egq iy m%pKav;ajh hk f;audj ms<sn|j o .eUqre idlPd ieisjdrhka lsysmhla meje;ajqKs' tl ieisjdrhl yuqodjka mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd" hqoaO iy .egq mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd fuka u w-wdhqO ksudKh lsu yd ksmou i|yd f,dj mqrd jdIslj jeh fjk jeka; uqo,a iNdrh flfrys uYkd;aul ne,aula fy,k ,' tys u;=jQ tla mekhla k" x l%shdld

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wh;a ia;S%yq lreKq bm;a l<y' tfia u ftysljdoh ^secularism& h<s m%Odk Odrdf m%cd;ka;%jd foaYmd,k l;sldjkag we;=,;a lsf wNsfhda.h ms<sn|j o l;dny flreks. ,sx.sl Y%lhska jYfhka jev lrk ia;S%kaf.a whs;sjdisl fjkqfjka fmkS isk r;= l=vldhka ^r;= l=vh ta whf.a jHdmdrfha ixfla;hhs& ;u wr.,hka i|yd ia;S% jHdmdrfha fuka u udkj ysl jHdmdrfha whf.a iyfhda.h wjYH nj ;rfha m%ldY l<d h' ol=Kq f.da,fhka tk" wm%sldfjka ,;ska wfuldfjka iy wdishdfjka meKs f,iahka lKavdh iudkd;au;djh N=la;s ug ;ukag we;s whs;sh fjkqfjka fmkS iska O jevuq meje;a jQjd h' AWID /iaf O;ajh ieneka u is;a.kakdiq h' m%Odk Yd,d rdYshl O ixjdo iy idlPd meje;ajqkq w;r f.dvke.s,af,a tl Yd,djl wdOdr fok ixOdk iy wdOdr ,nk wh w;r ksr;=re woyia yqjudrejla ish' ;j;a ;ekl Ydl iy udkisl jHdhduhka yd fjofyol ,ndka Yd,djla h' O rgj,ska ia;S%ka f.k wd nvqNdKav m%oYkh lsug iy lsKSug wu;a fj<|fmd,la h' miq.sh jif urd ouk ,o udkj ysl iqrlskakshka isysm;a lsu i|yd o iaudrl bvlvla fjka fldg ;snqks' f ish,a, isjQfha j;auka f,dalfha fmr wmr. hd lrk bia;dkanq,a k.rfha rkaw .x.dj ^Golden Horn River& winv jeka; iy w;sYhska w,xldr iuka;%K Yd,djl h' O cd;sl;ajhkag wh;a" O NdId l;d lrk" O we-me< yd yeis m%oYkh lrk" fu;r ifydaohka fhfy<shka msila tla jQ iqfYaI wjia:djla ksudKh l< AWID lKavdhug wfma fkdu| meiiq ys h hq;= h' iqks,d wffialr
weh 1 l,dmh 2012 59

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ls hla " oCI f,a ldjla fuka u fYa I yelshdjka we;s mqo.,hska fjkqfjka lem lghq;= a l< Ydksld l,ayd jfgdag fukh yisfha wNdjmamdma; jQjd h' zwehZ l;D uKav,h wehf.a % fjkau fjkqfjka Yd;sih ixf.h m< lrhs'
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weh 1 l,dmh 2012 61