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Gift of Prophecy
Gift of Prophecy
And afterward I will pour out my spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young will see visions. (Joel 2:28)
By ZEESHAN SADIQ THIRD YEAR STUDENT GUJRANWALA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY GUJRANWALA, PAKISTAN Acknowledgements
Coming to the seminary and writing thesis could never have been possible, if God would not have called me to be His minister. I praise God for all His mercies that He enabled me to join seminary in a critical situation. At this particular time I want to express my sincere and immeasurable gratitude to my venerable teacher and adviser Professor Paul Burgess, who has been a great source of encouragement and learning, especially in English language. He broadened my sense of thinking and enabled me to complete this thesis on a very controversial issue. I cannot ignore the help of Dr. Aslam Ziai who not only encouraged me to write a thesis on the subject of the gift of prophecy but also provided books, and has been a source inspiration as far my writing skills are concerned. I am very grateful to Principal Dr. Arthur James who not only taught me but defended my case for staying in this seminary. I am obliged to Professor Marcus Frauchiger for providing me up-to date information from internet sources. This was a great help to me. I am very thankful to Dr. Maqsood
Kamal, who enriched my theological understanding. I am also grateful to Professor Mrs. Nosheen Khan, Dr. Eddy Lanze and Rev. Merl W. Enniger for their moral and educational support. I am really thankful for the prayers of my all seminary fellows that energized me for accomplishing this herculean task. I wish to express my appreciation to Elder Naseem Akhtar for the assistance in computerization and printing this thesis. I also want to extend my special thanks to Dr. Luke Gweon and his wife for their financial support and prayers during seminary, even in uncongenial circumstances. I am very much pleased by the persistent guidance of my class fellows Babar and Shagufta. And finally I want to give thanks to my Parents for their prayers, support and affection that led me through this hard process steadfastly.
The teachings regarding the gift of prophecy are deeply rooted in the Old Testament; portrayed complete information regarding its origin, nature, style of diction, function and significance. After a brief survey of the Old Testament view about the gift of prophecy we shall analyze its functions and importance in the New Testament. But before studying the characteristics and functions of the gift of prophecy, it is necessary to know the meaning of the term prophecy.
What is Prophecy?
The verb to prophesy is derived from the Greek preposition pro and verb phemi, and means to speak forth before. Thus, to prophesy is proclamation of Gods word as it forecasts events. It may also be described as the declaration of Gods word forthrightly, boldly, or confronting a group or individual telling forth Gods truth and will.[5] The basic word for the noun "prophet" in the OT is nabi, which means "spokesman" or "speaker." Essentially a prophet is a person authorized to speak for another, as Moses (Ex 7:1-2; Nu 12:1-8) and the OT prophets were authorized to speak for God. Two other words to designate OT prophets are hozeh and ro`eh (both meaning "seer"). In fact, Gad is called both nabi` and hozeh (2Sam.24:15). At times, prophets are called messengers (mal`ak, also translated as "angel") and men of God. The message of the prophet may be called a prophecy (nebu`ah), but it may also be called a vision, oracle, burden, or simply "the word of the Lord. Each of these OT terms invites us to look at an important aspect of OT faith and life and the unique gift of the prophetic office that God gave to his people. According to an Old Testament survey, prophecy has been defined in following words:
A prophecy is Gods message to the people and the leaders who rule them in Gods place. It is a Gods message of Judgment because Gods people are constantly in need of correction. At the same time, it is a message of hope, for Yahweh has not broken its covenant and will complete his redemptive task when the inescapable judgment has run its course.[6]
Some consider prophecy; a word received by the inspiration from God which bears upon the situation of the past, present and future.[7] John A. Saliba asserts: Prophecy is a religious phenomenon in which a message is sent by God to human beings through an intermediary, or prophet. The message may contain a reference to future events, but it is often simply a warning, encouragement, or piece of information.[8]From all these statements, it could be concluded that prophecy is a message from God for a person, for a certain situation or for a group of people.
Divine origin.[11]Another familiar statement in Peters second epistle clarifies more vividly the origin of prophecy: For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Spirit (2Pet 2:20). This text clearly elucidates that the origin of prophecy is God Himself. Robert Rendail states: Prophecy did not originate from the human impulse. Not only the subject-matter but also the mode and circumstances of communication lay entirely within the power of God.[12] So from this whole discussion it is quite clear that man had no choice to become a prophet by himself, rather it is so at Gods own discretion. It must be obvious to every reader of the Bible that the picture of the origin of prophecy given in Deuteronomy attributes that origin to God Himself.[13] Another important aspect which has to be mentioned is that, in the days before Moses, God spoke personally to the covenantal heads of the various patriarchal families Noah, Abram, etc. This fatherly head would then communicate the word of God to the people entrusted to his care.[14] It should also be noted concerning the origin of the prophecy that the Old Testament office of prophet-hood began when God's people requested a substitute for themselves, to be their intercessor. Communicating with God was too awesome; they could not withstand the glory and grandeur of His presence. In Exodus 19:16-19, it is stated that (v. 16) On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and a very loud trumpet blast. Everyone in the camp trembled. (v. 17) Then Moses led the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain. (v. 18) Mount Sinai was covered with smoke, because the Lord descended on it in fire. The smoke billowed up from it like smoke from a furnace, the whole mountain trembled violently, (v. 19) and the sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder. The text highlights this point that all the people were afraid of this whole panorama and it was all beyond their expectations, so the prophetic office was instituted the request of Gods people.
But the very nature of the subject is beyond the general understanding of common man. Don Fleming rightly said: In the present day language the word prophecy and prophet are usually used in a relation to foretelling events This was not the basic idea associated with the work of a prophet in the Old Testament times. In those times prophecy meant making known the will of God.[16] Merrill F. Unger agrees with this view and infers that: The prophet's message was ever religious and spiritual, announcing the will of God to men and calling for complete obedience. [17]It has also been suggested that prophecy is a vehicle of revelation of the word of God to man from God. In its most essential
form, prophecy is a vehicle of revelation. Revelation is the communication of God's word to man.[18]Jakob Jocz, describing the connotation of prophecy, writes: writes: Prophecy is closely associated with divination; both are means for determining the future or the unknown or for ascertaining on particular occasions.[19]
in the books of Samuel but even in the days of Moses; when the Spirit came upon the seventy elders, they appeared prophesying (Num.11). But this phenomenon looks more prominent in the days of Samuel and it has also been suggested that possibly Samuel was the first who founded such a school of prophets.[26] For at or near the city of Ramah we first find nayoth, or colonies of such disciples (1 Samuel.19: 18; 20:1). Mostly, when prophesying, they were found in a ecstatic condition and this ecstasy was the result of the Spirit that came upon them. As Edward J. Young expresses:
The source of the ecstatic condition, therefore, is not to be found in the presence of music, nor voluntary association, nor in contagion, nor for that matter in any selfimposed or induced stimuli, but only in a rushing upon of the Spirit of God.[27]
The sons of the prophets appear again prominently in the ninth century B.C. in association with Elisha II Kings 2:3; 3:11; 4:1, 38; 6:1-2). The term son is not intended to express actual sonship, but in the sense that they stood in a close and intimate relationship to the great master prophets, Elijah and Elisha.[28] Their major duty was to assist their master like Moses, Samuel, Elijah and Elisha. E. J. Young infers that we may assume that they were assisting in making known the will of God at this particular time to the nation. When the great writing prophets appear upon the scene, the sons of the prophets largely disappear.[29] We should remember that the members of these groups were men of prophetic gift (2 Kings 2:3, 5) the call of such prophets is still ambiguous. Alec Motyer says, Whether they joined the group by divine call or attracted by themselves to the prophets, attracted by his teaching, or were called by him, we are not in a position to say.[30]
(Acts 21:9). In the New Testament, prophecy is seen as gift even ordinary members of the church could posses it.
In the discussion regarding gifts of Holy Spirit, the main motive that is always on top of the list, is the up-building and edification of the church. Edification is literally building up. As F. D. Nichol states, the message of the prophets would serve to build up the experience of the Christian in progressive stages.[42] So, the gift of prophecy engulfs such marvelous characteristics and features as Paul narrates: But everyone who prophesies speaks to men for their strengthening, encouragement and comfort. (1 Cor.14:3).In order to comprehend the exact nature of the gift of prophecy we shall have to check the original text of the Bible.
1. Strengthening
According to 1Cor.14:3, the first feature of the gift of prophecy is strengthening (NIV), edification[43] (KJV), or up-building (RSV). The Greek word used for these words is oikodome and it is a general term which refers to any kind of help towards growth in Christian maturity and prophecy is one of the activities which contribute to the edification of Christians in the Church.[44]
2. Encouragement
The second function is encouragement[45] (NIV, RSV), exhortation[46] (KJV). In the original text of the Bible, the Greek word paraklesis has been used, and the related word parakletos is used for Holy Spirit in John.14:16. On the other hand Grudem states that it can mean comfort (from sorrow: (Lk.2:25; 6:24; 2Cor.1:3-7) or encouragement (to those who are discouraged: Rom 15:4,5;2Cor 7:4,13) or exhortation or appeal (that is, an urging someone to do something: 2Cor.8:17: 1Thess.2:4; Heb.12:5;13:22).Grudem concludes regarding the nature of this word:
It has a weaker force than command, for Paul contrasts this verb appeal, exhort with the verb meaning command: I am bold enough in Christ to command youyetI prefer to appeal you (Phil.8-9)This word, then, is not very restrictive in meaning, and would allow for prophecy to include a variety of kinds of speech which would bring hearers at times comfort, at times encouragement, and at times exhortation [47]
In short the gift of prophecy builds up believers in their faith by giving encouragement and exhortation in all circumstances. David Prior says that it literally means to be called in alongside to assist and support. The ministry of prophecy has this function, as Holy Spirit inspires a Christian to speak words which give strength to the life and witness of the local church.[48]
3. Comfort
The third term used, to expound the significance of the gift prophecy is comfort (NIV, KJV), consolation (RSV), paramythia (Greek), used only here in the NT.[49] This multidimensional gift is not only endowed with such remarkable characteristics like strengthening, encouragement but also comfort or consolation. Michael Green urges, this word has a sense of whispering in the churchs ear.[50] Consolation calms the storm of fear, anxiety and despair. It helps us rest in the presence of JesusIt leads away from the hectic bustle of daily affairs, away from the restlessness of this life, into the great peace of God. [51]In any company of people there will always be some depressed and frustrated people, through this characteristic of the gift prophecy, they will find beauty for their ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, and garment of praise for the spirit of their heaviness.[52] In the light of such magnificent attributes like strengthening, encouragement and comfort, and power to convict the unbelievers (1Cor.14:24-26), it could be inferred that the gift of prophecy is furnished with a distinctive nature[53]. Due to all these characteristics of this gift, Paul had to advise again and again to the Corinthians, eagerly desire spiritual gifts, especially the gift of prophecy (1Cor.14:1), Therefore, my brothers, be eager to prophecy (v.39).
No doubt that would have a sounded like a heavy discipline for Corinthian enthusiasts. Otherwise other important ministries will be squeezed out, and undue emphasis will once again fall on one particular gift and inevitably on those who have it.[55]
In fact Pauls attention is that all gifts or ministries of grace should be practiced in the church in a systematic manner. The major motive behind such practical advice is the up- building and encouragement of the believers that is possible only in a defined order. 2. Discernment of the Gift of Prophecy a Requisite One of the most intriguing aspects or directives of the gift of prophecy is its evaluation or weighing, as Paul describes the Corinthians; Two or three should prophesy, and others should weigh carefully what is said (1 Cor.14:29). The same type of statement of Paul is found in 1Thessalonion.5:20-21, where it is written: do not treat prophecies with contempt. Test every thing. Hold on to the good. By studying both references, a question comes to mind as to why Paul reiterates the evaluation of prophetic utterances. As for as the weighing of prophecy is concerned, we should remember that the danger of false prophets was in the mind of Paul; those could detract the believers from following Christ and His commands. One other question emerges, who are the others who should weigh carefully what is said (1Cor.14:29)? Several opinions have been made to define the others. Charles Hodge points other with sitting prophets, for the other prophets, i.e, those who did not speak were to sit in judgment.[56] It is also considered that it refers to the people having the gift of discernment between spirits (12:10), [57] But D. A. Carson considers others to refer the entire assembly: Almost certainly the responsibility to weigh what the prophets say rests with the entire congregation, or, more precisely, with the congregation as a whole. Certainly that is true elsewhere in the New Testament (i.e.1Thess 5:21,1John 4:1-6)[58] Grudem explains others in a more comprehensive and psychological manner:
If we understand to be restricted to a special group of prophets, we have much difficulty picturing what the rest of the congregation would do during the prophecy and judging. Would they sit during the prophecy waiting for the prophecy to end and be judged before knowing whether to believe any part of it?...Especially hard to believe is the idea that the teachers, administrators and other church leaders without special gifts of prophecy would sit passively awaiting the verdict of an elite group.[59]
From all these statements, the view of the whole congregation is more appropriate and convincing. The view concerning others and the weighing of prophetical utterances is essential to secure the Church from false prophets and prophecies. This is an issue for the core of our debate which shall be discussed comprehensively later.
Conclusion
In this whole chapter we have discussed preliminary and basic teachings concerning the gift of prophecy in the Old Testament and in New Testament. No doubt that there are many other things could be mentioned to explain prophecy but these basic things will help us in further discussion regarding our subject.
This precise and concise definition elucidates the church as a charismatic community, meaning a community endowed with spiritual gifts (Rom 12:6-10; 1Cor 12:4-10). But the dilemma of the present age is this: there are some scholars who believe that certain gifts like healing, tongues and prophecy ceased within the apostolic age. They are usually known as cessationists or dispensationists. Among these scholars most prominent are Benjamin B. Warfield[63] and F. David Farnell[64]. On the other hand there are some people from the Evangelical Charismatic circle like Wayne Grudem[65], Michael Green, and Max Turner, who strongly believe that certain gifts are still present in the church. In this chapter we shall examine such views concerning the gift of prophecy. Either the gift of prophecy ceased or it is still present in the church. For better comprehension, I shall expound my view exegetically, theologically and historically. But first let me point out some arguments that are presented to prove the cessation of the gift of prophecy.
dissertation the following statement passed by C.C. Ryrie to prove that the gift prophecy does no exist in todays church:
The gift of prophecy included receiving a message directly from God through special revelation, being guided in declaring it to the people, and having it authenticated in some way by God himselfThis was a gift limited in its need and use, for it was needed during the writing the New Testament and its usefulness ceased when the books were completed.[67]
His view is that the gift of prophecy was given for the formation of the canon and when the canon of the bible was completed this miraculous gift came to an end. This argument is built upon certain biblical references like 1Cor.13:8-13, in which it is suggested that the gift of prophecy ceased with the completion of the canon. The word perfect used in verse 10 is associated with the completion of Scripture. The cessationists also use Ephesians 2:20, by arguing that the gift of prophecy was a foundational gift, like the apostles, and its purpose was completed once the NT church was established. A third reference, Revelation 22:18 is utilized to refute any present-day exercise of the gift of prophecy. According to this text, prophecy is seen as adding to Gods already completed revelation.[68] It is also argued by some scholars that present-day prophecies challenge the sufficiency of the Bible. John F. MacArthur says:
There is no substitute for the Word of God. There is no something more. Dont seek energy for the spiritual walk in the empty prophecies of someones imaginationGod has given us his Word, which is profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work (2Tim.3:16).That is all the truth we need for every spiritual need in life.[69]
Another argument is presented from church history that the Montanism[70] was a heretical movement and rejected by the church fathers. Augustine wrote against the movement, and the Council at Constantinople decreed that Montanism was tantamount to paganism.[71] In short the cesstionists use several means to prove their argument concerning the cessation of prophecy.
So long as we have not yet seen Jesus as he is, we are still short of maturity, of adulthood as Christians. By His grace we have been given many gifts through which we may see more of his glory and will, even in the limitations of this mortal life. These gifts, all of them, are the media of revelation into the nature and purposes of God. Every gift is valuable for our growth into maturity.[75]
It cannot be denied that the cessation of the gift of prophecy is closely linked with the arrival of perfection, but this text never says that it will happen at the completion of the canon as the cessationists claim. The gifts of the Holy Spirit including prophecy were bestowed upon believers for their up-building and edification. But if someone says these gifts of tongues, prophecy and miracles were only until the completion of the canon, it would be totally against Biblical teaching. Because we live in a fallen world and are bound to our contaminated nature, we are always in need of guidance, exhortation, encouragement and comfort, which is a distinctive character of the gift of prophecy. So for as the word imperfect is concerned, v.10 points to the fact that our knowledge of the divine things is partial, and our prophecies likewise are, at best, partial information.[76] The Bible clearly states that the apostles even though they knew certain supernatural mysteries, time and again they admitted their illiteracy concerning the pros and cons of divine realities. As the Apostle John, describes in 1Jn.3:2: Dear friends, now we are children of God, and what we will be has not yet been made known. And the same type of statement is found in 1Cor.13:12a where Paul admits: Now we see but a poor reflection as in a mirror. So in both references clearly state that our knowledge of divine realities is incomplete. As Grudem states:
The mirror imagery suggests both indirectness and incompleteness in the knowledge that comeswhat is seen or learned is only a glimpse of some realityThe expression dimly, in a puzzling way indicates that what is seen or learned, or the implications of what is revealed, are often difficult to understand (Jn.11:50; 1 Pet 1:11).[77]
It may be deduced from this that the completion of this imperfect knowledge will come to an end at the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we will be glorified by the power of Holy Spirit. The analogy of the mirror makes it clear that Paul was pointing towards the second coming of Jesus Christ. Because in those days though the Corinthians were famous in producing the best quality mirror, yet it still gave an imperfect reflection. That way they could easily comprehend that there were several divine realities which were beyond the understanding, but there would be a time when they would come to know everything fully. But it might be argued that in this text the word parousia in not used, so how could it possibly reflect the picture of the second coming of Lord Jesus Christ? But Paul says in v.12b then we shall see face to face. This process will only happen at the second coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. As it is written in 1John3:3 when Jesus will appear, we shall be like him. So by this text, it never seems that Paul was intentionally referring to the completion of the canon, but that his prime motive was to prepare them to use spiritual gifts with love, which will remain forever. So, from this text, those who adhere to the idea of the completion of the canon are entirely off track. As Paul is declaring that these gifts, like tongues and prophecy will cease, the clause when the completion of all thing occurs, does not refer to the close of the canon, but rather to the second coming of our Lord. So, we should conclude that this text doest not point toward the completion of the canon but to the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. Using Ephesians.2:20, the cessationists argue that, the foundation once laid, does not change, is unmovable, and inalterable. And so we note that just as Christ is a once-for-all and never to be repeated Cornerstone that was laid as part of the foundation of the Church, so also, the apostles and prophets are a once-for-all and never to be repeated aspect of the foundation.[78] Here the cessationists are mistaken in asserting that by writing this verse Paul was preparing the Ephesians for the cessation of the gift of prophecy. The context shows that his prime focus was to
remind them that now they were part and parcel of that building, founded by the apostles and prophets, and whose corner stone is the Lord Jesus Christ. George Mallone states: The intention of this verse is not to say that these gifts have ceased but only that any gift exercised must be in harmony with the instructions of the founding apostles and prophets.[79] It can not be said that the apostles and prophets were the actual foundation of the New Testament Church. According to 1Cor3:11 No one can lay any foundation other than the one already laid, which is Jesus Christ. The foundation is Jesus Christ not the apostles and prophets. Paul was reminding the Ephesians that the church had been established on Jesus Christs teaching which were delivered by the apostles and prophets. John Stott says: Since apostles and prophets were both groups with a teaching role, it seems clear that what constitutes the churchs foundation is neither their person nor their office but their instruction.[80] In fact Lord Jesus Christ is the real foundation of the Church and the apostles and prophets are the builders. They preached the gospel of Jesus Christ and founded churches all over the Roman Empire. The message of the gospel preached these selected men, could not be changed by anyone. As Paul states, in Gal.1:8 But even we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than one we preached to you, let him be eternally condemned. According to this verse no one can change the message of the gospel, even prophets of today. As John Stott states: The New Testament foundation of the church is inviolable and cannot be changed by any additions, subtractions or modification offered by the teachers who claim to be apostles or prophets today.[81] The gospel preached by the New Testament apostles and prophets is definitely once for all, no alteration can ever be possible. The apostles and prophets were the builders and by using metaphorical language Paul declared their position as foundation and Jesus Christ as cornerstone. We are all, who accepted Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior, are the part and parcel of Gods temple. And this process will continue till the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. For this purpose God is calling thousands of people, so that they may become of the part of Gods temple. We should give glory to the name of our God, because God is using the charismatics (who believe in a present-day gift of prophecy) in a remarkable way to win people for Christ. Cessationists therefore should be eager to use the gift of prophecy rather than discourage the people by denying its availability. The cessationists, using Rev.22:18-19[82], refute the present-day exercise of the gift of prophecy. They consider prophecy as a tool for adding to Gods completed revelation in the canon. But those who believe in the present-day gift of prophecy never adhere to an idea addition in the canon of Bible. Because most of the non-cessationists, do believe in the sufficiency of Bible. George Mallone writes, To my knowledge no noncessationist in the mainstream of Christianity claims that revelation today is equal with Scripture.[83]Another important thing that has to be remembered is that the warning mentioned in these verses, never points towards the people who would hold the gift of prophecy, but points towards the message of Christ. As Daniel Bakhsh writes in his book:
Adding or taking away is a warning not to change the message of Christ. St. Paul sounds a similar warning in Galatians 1:9, As we have already said, so now I say again: if anybody is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let him be eternally condemned.[84]
So to assert that these verses point towards the cessation of prophecy is a totally mistaken view, which has no ground for claiming the cessation of the gift of prophecy. The canon is closed and there is no need to add to or delete from it. When the issue of adding or taking away is raised we must not interpret this rule as stating that God will not be able to speak any more apart from what he has already revealed in the bible. Rather it refers to what a man can or cannot add to or delete from the written word of prophecy (the Bible), as Paul stated in Galatians1:8, But even if we or any angel from the heaven should preach a other than the one we preached to you, let him be eternally condemned. But we should keep this in our minds that though the Bible teaches us to pray it does not tell us specifically for whom we should pray, in the time of need. Secondly, there is no doubt that the Bible teaches us to evangelize but it never mentions where we should evangelize. So the gift of prophecy
helps us in providing special guidance for specific ministries. As it is written in the book of Acts13:1-3, In the church at Antioch there prophetswhile they were worshiping the Lord and fasting the Holy Spirit said, Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them. These verses clearly state that the gift of prophecy helps us to formulate any program for the service of the Lord. In short the noncessationsts strongly believe in the sufficiency of the Bible and never allow that anything can be added to the canon. Another hurdle, which is placed in the way of non-cessationists, is that this gift was given for the formation of the canon, (C.C. Ryrie) and when it was formed, the gift of prophecy ceased within the apostolic age. If we however, carefully examine the Biblical teachings, several references point to the fact that many people who prophesied had nothing to do with the formation of the canon, neither in the OT nor in the NT. There are many OT Prophesies not classified as Prophecy of Scripture: The prophecies of the elders under Moses (Number 11:24), Sauls prophecies (1Sam. 10:10f), the prophecies of the company of prophets (1Samuel 19:20), the prophecies of the sons of the prophets (2Kings 2:3), the many who prophesied accompanied by musical instruments under David (1Chr. 25:1f).Even in the NT there are Prophesies not classified as Prophecy of Scripture: The prophesying of the disciples in Ephesus (Acts 19:6), the Christians in Tyre (Acts.21:4), Phillips Daughters (Acts21:9), Agabus (21:10), the prophesying of the Corinthians (1Cor.1:7), the prophesying of the body of elders over Timothy (1 Tim 4:14). In the light of above references it could be inferred that there were many prominent figures in the OT and in the NT who had nothing do with the formation of the canon.
described the reason for this decline in the following words: The real cause was: the love of many, almost all Christians so-called, waxed cold this was the real cause why the extraordinary gifts of the Holy Spirit were no longer to be found in the Christian church: because the Christians were turned heathen again and had only a dead form left.[94]But after all when the people began to turn to the Bible, their lives changed and experienced the manifestations of the Holy Spirit. George Wishart (1513-1545) was a one of the early Scottish Reformers, who was considered as a prophet of his days. John Knox regarded Wishart as a prophet by declaring: he was so clearly illuminated with the spirit of prophecy, that he saw not only things pertaining to himself, but also such things as some towns and the whole realm afterward felt, which he forespake, not in secret, but in the audience of many[95] Jake Deere describes: many people of the Scotland also believed Knox to be a prophet.[96] Even John Welsh[97] (1570-1622) also one of the Scottish Reformers was considered as a prophet of his days. So we can infer that different periods of history provide evidence of the exercise of the gifts of prophecy in several key ministries. Even in our days, especially among Pentecostal Charismatics and Anglican Charismatics this phenomenon is being practiced widely. Max Turner in his excellent book The Holy Spirit and Spiritual Gifts Then and Now writes of thirty-nine people who claimed prophetic experiences, all drawn from some nine Anglican churches.[98] And many other examples can be presented in this regard. So, history is providing considerable evidence that the gift of prophecy still exists in the church.
Our debate on prophecy does not end with consideration of its presence today but continues with a survey of different views concerning prophecy. Different scholars have different approaches to the subject of prophecy. There are three major schools of thought, which we shall examine in turn.
We should be clear when distinguishing between the gift of prophecy and that of preaching or teaching. Richard Griffen states: Prophecy is not the interpretation of an already existing inspired text.... but is itself the inspired, non-derivative Word of God.[103] While prophecy is based upon the report of spontaneous revelation given by the Holy Spirit, teaching might be the result of ones personal efforts or skills. George Mallone states: If the source of the preachers sermon is the Word of God, then it can be said that he is fulfilling a prophetic function as he preaches. But Prophecy is not the exclusive prerogative of the Bible preacher. Acts 13:1 makes it perfectly clear that there were both teachers and prophets in Antioch.[104] Michael Harper, a prominent Anglican Pastor, also differentiates between prophet and preacher as follows: A preacher usually prepares, speaks and expounds from the Word of God. But a prophet speaks directly under the anointing of the Holy Spirit.
Both have a part to play in the edification of the church but they should not be confused.[105] So, it can be inferred that prophecy differs from the expository preaching and cannot be confused with it.
We should never forget that revelation in todays church is different from the biblical revelation in its nature and function. While revelation is given today for a particular time and for specific people, biblical revelation is universal in its nature and function. As Mallone asserts concerning todays revelation: It is a particular word, given to a particular person or group of persons, at a particular moment, for a particular purpose.[107] There are certain people[108] who deny the authority of the bible by saying the revelations God gives to us today are equal to the Biblical revelation. This is alarming for people who are not mature in their faith. As John Wimber says: some people believe mystical experience or private revelation to be equal to or superior to Scripture. This is dangerous, because truth that is determined by an inner revelation lies outside the scope of objective restraints...Personal experience and private revelation need the checks and guidance that only the Bible can provides.[109] Contemporary revelatory utterances can never be equal to biblical utterances. Because according to 1Cor.12:28 God has first appointed apostles second prophets, (that is why the directives towards the worship order were given by the apostle Paul rather than from the prophets (1Cor.14:26-38). Even the Prophecies of the prophets were subject to being weighed or tested, but this was not so with the teachings of the apostles (1Cor.14:31). The apostles were directly appointed by the Lord Jesus Christ, so their teachings were more authoritative than the prophecies of the NT prophets. As Hodge points out: The difference between the apostles and prophets was that the former were permanently inspired, so that their teachings were at all infallible, whereas the prophets were infallible occasionally.[110] So we can infer that the authority of the prophets in the New Testament was less than the apostles. Here my intention is not to prove the authority of the apostles over the prophets but rather to clarify the authority of the Bible over the contemporary self claiming prophets and their prophecies. The Bible is authoritative because it is sufficient, inerrant and incorruptible (1Timothy 3:16), and there is no need to weigh or judge its authority, but presentday prophecies require to be weighed and tested as was essential with the New Testament prophets, (1Tess 5:29), because the NT prophets were merely speaking the human word that God spontaneously brought to their mind. Thus Bill Patton defined todays prophecy as: a report of a revelation in human words for edification of the church or an individual subject to evaluation.[111] So, we must never say that any revelation out side the bible can be equal to the biblical revelation. Because in todays world there are a lot of people, especially from the Charismatic camp, who think that the revelations they receive today are equal in authority with the biblical revelation.
So, whenever anybody uses the gift of prophecy he or she must not think that his or her revelations are as authoritative as biblical revelation, but they must deliver them humbly because it is subject to the biblical or canonical revelation which is the only standard for evaluation.
First Wave
The first wave of Pentecostalism emerged from the Wesleyan Holiness movements in the United States at the start of the 20th century. The movement first appeared in 1901 in Topeka, Kansas, and in 1906 in Los Angeles when the first Pentecostals began to speak in tongues.[112] Pentecostals believe that they must experience a second baptism, beyond water baptism, in which the Holy Spirit comes to them. They not only speak in tongues but interpret them; they prophesy; and many engage in healing, claiming that miraculous healing did not cease after the apostolic period, as many other Christians believe. The Pentecostal movement in the United States developed among rural poor whites and urban blacks in the South. After the mid-20th century, fast-growing denominations like the Assemblies of God made Pentecostalism one of the most visible forms of Protestantism and became increasingly acceptable to the middle classes.
Second Wave
The second wave is known as the Charismatic Movement (Greek charismata, spiritual gifts), an international, interdenominational Christian revivalistic movement, also referred to as Neo-
Pentecostalism. The individuals who make up the movement believe that they have been filled or baptized with the Holy Spirit through the laying on of hands. The signs of this baptism include such spiritual gifts as speaking in tongues, or glossolalia, prophecy, healing, interpretation of tongues, and discernment of spirits. This movement is considered to have begun in 1960, with a group of Episcopalians in Van Nuys, California. District charismatic networks and organizations soon arose within the Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other Protestant denominations. A small element exists within Eastern Orthodoxy. As has Pentecostalism, the charismatic movement has produced myriad groups, independent preachers and healers, and a few near-cultic offshoots. Most charismatics, however, are orthodox in doctrine and emphasize activity within their own denominations. They are ecstatic in worship, although generally more subdued than Pentecostalists, and they align themselves with other Evangelicals in their emphasis on evangelism and personal faith in Christ.
Third Wave
The latest and fastest-growing movement is known as the Vineyard Movement. It is also known as the Signs and Wonder or Third Wave movement. This new movement is composed largely of Reformed and Dispensationalist evangelicals who preferred not to identify with the Pentecostal or charismatics but who are very much interested in the work of the Holy Spirit, holding that the miraculous (or sign) gifts of the New Testament have continued into the present age.[113] This movement developed as the of the intersecting ministries of C. Peter Wager professor of missions at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California, and John Wimber, pastor of the Vineyard Christian Fellowship in Anaheim, California.
Second example: Jack Deere reports a prophecy of Paul Cain to a couple, Kevin and Regina Forest. The prophecy contained a detailed disclosure of events in the couples life, Including that there daughter had recently died [Kevin had in fact lost his former faith precisely because he blamed God for the death of their daughter]; that Reginas brother had also recently died; that Kevin had committed adultery and was considering running away and creating a new identity. The prophecy went on to assert that all this was a great Satanic attack on them, and that Satan was out to destroy twenty-eight year old Kevin before he was thirty {Kevin was indeed already seriously considering suicide as the alternative to running away}.God, however, would turn all this to blessing if Kevin repented and if Regina gave up her bitterness and forgave him. Cains assertion[115] that it was not God, but Satan who had killed their daughter, coupled with Cains detailed insight into their situation, provoked a deep repentance
(not) just in the Forests), reconciliation and renewal of marriage vows. Today, Kevin goes by John. The Lord has given John and Regina two beautiful daughters in the place of the one Satan killed. Not only was the Forests marriage saved, but also Satan was vanquished. Not only was the Forests marriage saved, but also their lives were completely transformed by the grace that was communicated to them on the night of July 5, 1989. Today they are home-ground leaders effectively pastoring people in their church. The satanic power of sexual immorality over John was broken that night, and he discovered the power of the blood of Gods Son to cleanse, restore, and set free. The Devil had convinced Kevin Forest that the only had two alternatives: either run or commit suicide. The prophetic ministry of the Holy Spirit gave him another and better choice.[116] This marvelous illustration clearly states that the gift of prophecy is helpful for the up-building of believers. What a great gift this is! Such type of practices must be encouraged. Third example: Moses Vegh, a traveling minister with a prophetic gifting, before a flight to Hungary was praying to the Lord, Lord, I speak for you. I give your words to many others. But I need a word from you. I need someone to give me confirmation that this trip to Hungary is going to be profitable for the Kingdom of God. Just before takeoff, one of the flight attendants, a young lady whom he had never seen before, came down the aside to Brother Veghs seat and spontaneously began to prophesy over him. It was a very startling experience for him because he received a strong message from her, concerning his ministry in Hungary[117] In the light of the above prophecies a prophet can identify the sins of individuals; any man, he can even foretell judgment or any other thing. But the prime purpose of a prophecy is to edify the believers.
Copeland's "prophecy" is clearly false, because the Lord Jesus Christ did claim to be God. (John 8:58; Mark 14:61-64; John 6:16-18; 10:30-33) 2. Benny Hinn: This prophecy delivered by Benny Hinn on December 31, 1989 at the Orlando Christian Center.
The Lord also tells me to tell you, In the mid-90's--about '94 or '95--no later than that, God will destroy the homosexual community of America (applause). But He will not destroy it with what many minds have thought Him to be. He will destroy it with fire. And many will turn and be saved, and many will rebel and be destroyed.[119]
One more prophecy delivered by Benny Hinn at another place regarding the subject of God, as:
God, the Father is a person, God the Son is a person, God the Holy Ghost is a person, but each one of them is a triune being by himself. If I can shock you and maybe I should, there are nine of them.... God the Father is a person with his own personal spirit, with his own personal soul, and his own personal spirit body. You say, "I never heard of that." Well, do you think you're in this church to hear things you've heard for the last fifty years? You can't argue with the Word can you? It's all in the Word.[120]
So, this is the present situation regarding the misuse of the gift of prophecy at world level. Such types of unbiblical prophecies and prophets must be discouraged and right biblical teachings must be taught so that the body of Christ may grow in the right direction.
Mainline Churches
The mainline churches comprise the Catholics, Anglicans, Presbyterians and Methodists. Their response toward the gift of the prophecy is appropriate; all these people believe that it is the gift of the Holy Spirit. But they never encourage and practice the gift of prophecy. Actually, some of them even think that the gift of prophecy was only for the New Testament times but now it exists in the form of preaching (exposition of the Bible). In short it could be said that the mainline churches in general hold a cessational approach.
Para-Church Movements
There are many Para-church organizations at work in Pakistan; most of these organizations are working with the churches, but for the last decade, there have been a few Para-church organizations like Lamp Fellowship and Eternal Life Ministry etc, who do not work with the churches. They are proving themselves to be the biggest movements of the present age in Pakistan. Both emphasize the gifts of the Holy Spirit (including prophecy) and especially the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
Hospital, where the doctor washed his stomach and he survived. Later the doctor told me if I had delayed only for 15 or so minutes his heart could have burst with the over dose of that medicine and he could have died. Then I told to the doctor that Noman couldnt die because, before the birth of Noman, the Holy Spirit told me that the firstborn will be my possession and he would be my minister. At that time Noman was only 8 years old. Now he is ministering to the Lord and God is using him for His glory.[121]
Rev. Philips Dutt is Pentecostal pastor of New Vision Evangelical Fellowship Church Gujranwala, He also believes that the gift of prophecy still present in todays church. He shares his personal experience regarding the use of prophecy as follow:
In 2002, I was in Martin-Pur with a Rev. Joseph Bomber. We were there for a healing meeting. During the meeting people were standing for healing in a row and a young girl was also among them. In the mean while when on Rev. Bomber was praying for sick people, he said to me Rev. Philip, do not let this girl stand among these people, let her stand separately. I tried to over look this but he insisted. So, I had to do as he said. After praying for the sick he prophesied, and directly spoke to that girl. He said, I know you are not sick but your mother is sick and you are standing on behalf of her. This prophecy was absolutely right because the girl later told us, yes I was standing for my mothers healing, she is so sick and cannot even attend this meeting, so I stand for her Then I and Rev. Bomber went to that girls house to see her mother at mid night. When we reached there, her mother was in very serious condition, she could not even breathe properly. Then, Rev. Bomber said, I do not know how long she will remain alive but I know that now she will be healed. He prayed and God healed her right on the spot. The prophetic words of the Rev. Bomber not only explored the inner desire of the girls heart but also healed her mother.[122]
So, this is the response of the Pentecostals and Charismatics concerning the gift of prophecy. The Pentecostals and Charismatics strongly believe, and encourage their members of the church to be eager for the gifts of the Holy Spirit including prophecy. A lot of examples could be given in this regard, but narrations elucidated above would be enough to confirm their conviction about the gift of prophecy.
1st example: Ten years ago in Mohalla-Ghulam-Pura, Gujranwala, a young girl died. At the funeral ceremony of that girl a certain pastor prophesied that this girl will be
resurrected on the third day. But she was never raised from the dead. This was a false prophecy based on the personal imagination of the pastor rather than on Gods words.[123]
2nd example: Two year back, a prominent evangelist put his hands on the head of a lady and prophesied: God is telling me that your relationship with your husband is not
right, so you need to restore it This was also a false prophecy because she was not yet married.[124]
3rd example: Once a pastor went to a home for visitation where a lady was pregnant. She already had four daughters. The pastor prophesied by putting his hand on her belly:
Bahin Jee God told me that this time He will bless you with a son Later this prophecy went wrong because she bore a daughter. The husband of that lady was so annoyed over this false prediction of the pastor.[125]
4th example: In our country there are several people from the Pentecostals who claim that God speaks to them and even give them poetry for hymns. A prominent Christian
singer considers his hymns as prophetical. Some of his hymns are unbiblical, based on his personal imagination. The worst aspect of this is this that he is not willing to accept his mistakes. He says that I dont believe in any, theology because God tells me directly and I write.[126]
5th example: Some years ago, there was a Pentecostal group in Sahiwal. One of them prophesied that God told him. Jesus is coming to take us, he even told the exact day of
Jesus appearance. On that specific day all the members of that group gathered in a ground, some climbed over trees and began to wait for the appearance, but Jesus never appeared; soon afterwards they warns had to go back to their homes.
6th example: In 1992, a young man from Sahiwal claimed that God gave him special message. He prophesied: God told me that I should marry with lady. When his parent
went to that ladies home to ask her hand in marriage for their son, the parents of that lady got really infuriated and cursed them, and threatened them they bash them up so that they ran away. All these prophecies narrated above were never fulfilled, because they were all false prophecies. Some prophesied to make other people happy. Some tried to express their desire by taking the plea of Gods name. Gradually this trend is developing and it is the need of hour to discourage such kind of prophecies. Because false prophecies are creating problems and crisis among believers. So we need to be careful in such kind of situations.
It is the doctrine that is taught that is the test of the spirit behind the prophet. The Bible warns us that in the last days, many shall be deceived by evil spirits. The Spirit clearly says that in the later times some will abandon the faith and follow deceiving spirits, and things taught by demons. (1Timothy 4:1)
So then, there are two tests for false prophets. First, a prophet has to be 100% accurate. If they miss even once they are false prophets. Secondly, a prophet must speak according to sound doctrine. Their message may not contain doctrinal error. It must lead people in the way of truth and after the true God of the Bible.
Conclusion
This is the present situation going on at national and international level. The positive use of the gift of prophecy is becoming helpful for the edification of the believers but the abuse of prophecy is alarming and demands our careful attention concerning the contemporary practice of the gift of prophecy. We should not discourage believers from using this gift but help them to be alert regarding the abuse of it.
The Application for the Members of the Church in Pakistan Concerning the Gift of Prophecy
Since the beginning of the New Testament church, God has gifted the church with apostle, prophets, teachers, pastors and evangelists (Ephesians 4:11). The purpose of these gifts was to edify the members of the body of Christ. And this whole process shall continue till the second coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. As we have seen, that the gift of prophecy strengthens, comforts and encourages the believers (1Corinthians 14:3). It has also the characteristic of convicting the unbelievers about their sins (1Corinthians 14:24-26). The
uniqueness of the gift of prophecy was also stated by the Apostle Paul, (1Corinthians 14:5); because he encourages the believers to be eager to have the gift of prophecy (V39). The gift of prophecy is a charisma, which is expresses Gods grace to the members of the body of Christ. And from centuries several people have been blessed by this multidimensional gift. But some members of the church are denying the continuity of the gift of prophecy. The biblical teachings and history of the church are witness to the continuity of the gift of prophecy. Since the emergence of the Pentecostals and the Charismatics churches, the misuse of prophecy has undermined the validity of the gift. This abuse does not mean that the gift of prophecy is not for todays church.
2. Proper Evaluation
The basic problem of the development of the abuse of prophecy is lack of proper evaluation. There are some Charismatics who ask: how can we evaluate the prophecy of anyone when it is a matter of the Holy Spirit? We should never forget that the Bible teaches us to evaluate all things. As it is written; Two or three should prophesy, and others should weigh carefully what is said (1 Cor.14:29). The same type of statement of Paul is found in 1Thessalonion.5:20-21; do not treat prophecies with contempt. Test every thing. Hold on to the good. So when someone prophesies, his or her prophecy should be evaluated on the basis of biblical truth. It is essential because the Lord Jesus said in the last days there would be false prophets. Due to this hazard of false prophets, we need to adopt careful policies for discerning them.
1. Humility
The most important thing for the gift holders is that they should never be proud because of their revelations. A person holding this gift should never despise other believers who do not hold this gift, because there are different kinds of gift (1Corinthians 12:4). The remarkable statement of Amos should always be remembered by every prophet, as he said; I was neither a prophet nor a prophets son, but I was a shepherd, and I also took care of sycamore-fig trees (Amos 7:14). In the sermon on the mountain Jesus taught; Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth (Matt 5:5). So every prophet should be humble.
Conclusion
The whole discussion of the topic of the gift prophecy clearly highlights that prophecy has been a prominent subject throughout the Bible. Even the history of the church is not silent because from the very beginning of the second century, leading bishops like Ignatius, Polycarp, Melito, Teritullian, Spurgeon and many others kept believing in, and holding to this gift. We also need to have this gift and beware of the false prophets, so that we may preach the gospel more effectively and bring people to Christ and pave the way for His second coming.
[1] Charismatic Movement (Greek charismata, spiritual gifts), international, interdenominational Christian revivalistic movement, also referred to as Neo-Pentecostalism. The individuals who make up the
movement believe that they have been filled or baptized with the Holy Spirit through the laying on of hands. The signs of this baptism include such spiritual gifts as speaking in tongues, or glossolalia, prophecy, healing, interpretation of tongues, and discernment of spirits. This movement is considered to have begun in 1960, with a group of Episcopalians in Van Nuys, California. Distinct charismatic networks and organizations soon arose within the Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other Protestant denominations. A small element exists within Eastern Orthodoxy. As has Pentecostalism, the charismatic movement has produced myriad groups, independent preachers and healers, and a few near-cultic offshoots. Most charismatics, however, are orthodox in doctrine and emphasize activity within their own denominations. They are ecstatic in worship, although generally more subdued than Pentecostalists, and they align themselves with other Evangelicals in their emphasis on evangelism and personal faith in Christ.
[2] Wayne A Grudem, New Dictionary of Biblical Theology (Inter Varsity Press, Leicester, England, 2000), P.701 [3]George Mallone, Those Controversial Gifts, IVP, Downers Grove Illinois 60515.1973)p.33 [4] Patrick Fairbairn, Prophecy Viewed In Respect To Its Distinctive Nature, Special Function, And Proper Interpretation, (New York, Nelson & Philips, Cincinnati: Hitchcock & Walden. 1874), P.2 [5] Jack W. Hayford, Hayfords Bible Handbook, (Thomas Nelson Publication. USA,1996) p.731 [6] William Sanford La Sor, David Allan Hubbard, Frederic William Bush, Old Testament Survey, W B. [7] Siegfriend Grossmann, Stewards of Gods Grace, (The Patnoster Press Ltd: U.K. 1981), p.99 [8]John A. Saliba, Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003. 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation. [9] http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/prophecytc.htm [10] Merrill F Unger, Ungers Bible Dictionary,(Chicago, Moody Press 1960),p.893-4 [11] Edward J. Young , My Servant The Prophets, (WM. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company ,Grand Rapid: Michigan, 1952), P.13 [12] Robert Rendail, History, Prophecy And God,( The Paternoster Press, London,1954), P.65 [13] Edward J.Young, P.35 [14] http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/prophecytc.htm [15] Merrill F. Unger, Ungers Bible Dictionary , (Moody Press : Chicago, 1960), P.893 [16]Don Fleming, Words Bible Dictionary, (World Publishing Grand Rapids,Michigan49418 U.S.A,1990), p.354 [17] Merrill F. Unger, P.893 [18] http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/prophecytc.htm [19]13 Jakob Jocz, Marshall Pickering Encyclopedia of the Bible (Vol.2) Marshall Pickering : London 1990), P. 1760 [20] John Howard Raven, Old Testament Introduction (Fleming H. Revell Company: London 1910), p.183 [21] George Mallone,p.34 [22] J. I. Packer, God Has Spoken, Hodder and Stoughton: 1965),P.44 [23] IBID.p.44 [24] Wahne A Grudem, New Dictionary of Biblical Theology (Inter Varsity Press, Leicester, England, 2000), P.704 [25] J.P. Baker , New Bible Dictionary , (Inter Varsity Press, Leicester, England, 1997), p.967 [26]C. E. Schenk, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, (Vol.8). AGES Software Albany, OR USA
Version 1.0 1996 P.835 Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapid: Michigan, 1991) p.305
[27] Edward J. Young, p.86 [28] Ibid, p.93 [29] Ibid, p.94 [30] J A. Motyer, New Bible Dictionary, (IVP, Leicester, England, 1986), p.980 [31] Grudem,p.704 [32] Maccabees are part of the Old Testament for Roman Catholics Bible but Protestants consider them Apocryphal books. [33] Antiochus Epiphanes, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 BC. His attempts to suppress Judaism brought on the Wars of the Maccabees. But under the leadership of
the Jewish priest Mattathias (died c. 167 bc) and his sons, the Maccabees, the Jews revolted (168-160 bc) and drove Antiochus from Jerusalem. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003. 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation
[34] Michael Green, I Believe in Holy Spirit, p.168 [35] NIV Study Bible,p.1737 [36] Observation in personal conversation with close fellow
[37] Michael Green, I Believe in The Holy Spirit (Hodder & Stoughton: London) p.194 [38] David Prior, p.196 [39] Pentecost (Greek pentcost, fiftieth), in Christianity, a festival observed on the seventh Sunday (50th day) after Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles as they celebrated the
ancient Jewish feast of Shabuoth (Acts 2:1-4). Encarta Reference Library 2003.CD Rom
[40] Richard B. Hays, Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching, First Corinthians, (John Knox Press Louisville, Kentucky: USA, 1997)p.212-3 [41] Ibid,p.234-5 [42] Francis D. Nichol, Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary Vol.6,(Review And Herald Publishing Association: USA)p.788 [43] The gift is, in any case, intended for the edification of the whole church, not so much of an individual Christian what is called by many today person prophecy is highly suspected, (David Prior, The
Message of 1 Corinthians, IVP, Leicester: England, 1997)p.243
[44] Wayne Grudem, The Gift of Prophecy In The New Testament And Today, (Kingsway Publications Eastbourne: UK,1988)p.151 [45]Encouragement means to give support, confidence, or hope to or help or stimulate the development. [46] Exhortation is an address or communication emphatically urging someone to do something [47] Grudem, The Gift of Prophecy,p.151 [48] David Prior,p.243 [49] David k.Lowery, The Bible knowledge commentary, (Victor Books: 1989), p.588 [50] Michael Green, To Corinthians With Love, (Hodder & Stoughton, 1989)p.76 [51] David Prior,p.243 [52] William Barclay, The Letters to the Corinthians, (The Daily Study Bible; The Saint Andrew Press, 1954)p.144 [53] 1. For the church
i] Edification, 1Cor.14:3. To build up and strengthen the church. ii] Encouragement, 1Cor.14:3. To help Christians stand firm through times of trouble. iii] Consolation, 1Cor.14:3. To calm and comfort fears. iv] Conviction, 1Cor.14:24. To authenticate the Christian faith. v] Instruction, 1Cor.14:31. 2. For unbelievers, 1Cor.14:24-26. i] Convict; ii] Judge. (quoted from http://www.wollongong.apana.org.au/~fin/holyspirit5.html)
[54] Richard B. Hays,p.241 [55] David Prior, p. 250 [56] Charles Hodge, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, (The Banner of Truth Trust, London, 1959) p.302 [57] This may refer to all the other prophets, but as there is a special gift of distinguishing between spirits (12:10), it is more likely to refer to people who have this gift. Leon Morris, 1Corinthians, (IVP, Leister,
England,1995) p.195
[58] D A Carson, Showing The Spirit, (Paternoster Press, 1988), p.120 [59] Wayne Grudem, Gift Of Prophecy, p.60-62 [60] Kenneth Baker, The NIV Study Bible, (Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI USA, 1995) p.1556 [61] R.E.Harlow, 1Corinthians The Imperfect Church,(Everyday Publications Inc.1986) p.195 [62] Richard B Hays, p.212
[63] Benjamin B. Warfield was a staunch Calvinist, who served as professor of Polemic and Didactic theology at Princeton Theological Seminary New Jersey 1887-1921, in his writing Counterfeit Miracles, tried
to define that certain gifts like healing, tongues and prophecy ceased within the end of Apostolic Age.
[64] Dr. F D. Farnell graduated in 1980 from Dallas Theological Seminary where he completed his doctoral dissertation on the subject "New Testament Prophecy: Its Nature and Duration," in which he tried to
explain that the gift of prophecy ceased within the apostolic age.
[65] Wayne Grudem is professor of Biblical and Systematic Theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, USA. He is the author of several books. In his doctoral dissertation he asserted that the gift of prophecy
is still present in the church but in a less authoritative form.
[66] Canon: The Canon of the New Testament was recognized by an assembly of church officials in Rome in 382 and Carthage in 397. In the first edition of Luther's Bible, published in 1534, and in subsequent
Protestant Bibles, any books of the original Christian Canon that were not present in the original Old Testament were relegated to a separate place between the Old and New Testaments. After 1826, English publication of these books, known as Apocrypha, almost entirely ceased in Protestant bibles. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003
[67] C.C. Ryrie, The Holy Spirit (Chicago: Moody Press, 1965), p.86 [68] John F. Walvoord, The Holy Spirit (Wheaton, Ill.: Van Kampen Press,1954), p.179 [69] John F. MacArthur, jr. Charismatic Chaos (Grand Rapids: Michigan, Zondervan Publishing House, 1992), p.99-100 [70] Montanism, also called Cataphrygian heresy , or New Prophecy a heretical movement founded by the prophet Montanus that arose in the Christian church in Phrygia, Asia Minor, in the 2nd century.
Subsequently it flourished in the West, principally in Carthage under the leadership of Tertullian in the 3rd century. It had almost died out in the 5\th and 6th centuries, although some evidence indicates that it survived into the 9th century. (Encyclopedia Britannica, Deluxe Edition CD-Rom, 2004)
[71] Earle E. Cairns, Christianity Through the Centuries ( Grand Rapids: Michigan, Zondervan Publishing House, 1954), p.110-111 [72] Teleion [73] Kenneth Barker (Ed) The NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI 49530, Zondervan Publishing House, 1995), p.1754 [74] George Mallone, p.17 [75] David Prior, p.233-4 [76] D. A. Carson. Showing the Spirit, p.68 [77] Wayne Grudem, The Gift of Prophecy, p.122 [78] http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/prophecytc.htm [79] George Mallone, p.18 [80] John R. W. Stott The Message of Ephesians (Leicester, Inter Varsity Press, 1997), p.106-7 [81] Ibid, p.107 [82] I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book; If anyone man adds anything to them, God will add to him the plagues describes in this book. And if anyone takes words away from this
book of this prophecy, God will take away from him his share in the tree of life, and in the holy city, which are described in this book. (NIV)
[83] George Mallone, p.21 [84] Danial Bakhsh, Final Victory Over Satan, Comprehensive Exposition of the Revelation. (S. N. Printers , Pakistan: 2002), p.383-4 [85] Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology (Grand Rapids: Michigan, Baker Books, 1995), p.893 [86]Bishop (of Antioch) and martyr. He was one of the Apostolic Fathers of the Christian Church, and his seven epistles give important historical information about the early Church. [87] Michael Green Evangelism in the Early Church (Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans,1970),p.201 [88] K.N.Giles Dictionary of New Testament and Its Developments (Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, Leicester: England, Inter Varsity Press, 1997), p. [89] George Mallone,p.23 [90] Ibid, p.23-24 [91] Michael Green, I Believe in the Holy Spirit,p.171 [92] Hermas (flourished ad140), Christian writer considered one of the Apostolic Fathers, noted for his vivid description of early Christianity. According to his own testimony, Hermas was sold into slavery as a
boy and sent to Rome. There he was purchased by a woman called Rhoda, who freed him. Hermas's book, The Shepherd, is a series of revelations granted to him through two heavenly figures, an old woman and an angel who assumed the form of a shepherd. The work is divided into 3 sections with 5 visions (on penance and doctrine), 12 precepts (on morality), and 10 parables (on principles of Christian living). The Shepherd was widely regarded as a canonical book of the Bible until the 4th century. (Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2003)
[93] Michael Green I Believe in the Holy Spirit, p.172 [94] Quoted in Michael Harper, As at the Beginning (London: Hodder &Stoughton, 1965), p.19-20 [95] John Knox, History of the Reformation, Vol.1, ed William Croft Dickinson (New York: Philosophical Library, 1950), 60 [96] Jack Deere, Surprised by the Voice of God (Easrbourne: Kingsway Publications, 1997), 72 [97] Ibid, 73 [98] Max Turner, p.316 [99] Quoted by Andy Richardson on the subject of The Gift of Prophecy (Unknown.net document ) [100] J.I. Packer, Keep in Step with the Spirit (Leicester: IVP,1984), p.215 [101] D. Pytches, Prophecy in the Local Church (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993), p.14
[102] Wayne Grudem, The Gift of prophecy In the New Testament And Today ( Eastbourne: Kingsway Publications, 1988), p.143 [103] Quoted by Andy Richardson on the subject of The Gift Prophecy (Known Net Document) [104] George Mallone, p.38 [105] Michael Harper, Prophecy: A Gift for the body of Christ (Logos, 1964), p.8 [106] Aslam Ziai, Article on the subject of Understanding the Bible, Which was delivered on May 8, 2004
at Christian Study Center 126-Murree Road Rawalpindi.
[107] George Mallone, p.40 [108] Like the Mormons, Benny Hinn and some other Charismatics and Pentecostals who give much priority to their new revelations rather than the bible. [109] Quoted by Wayne Grudem, The Vineyards Response to The Standard. [110] Charles Hodge, An Exposition Of The First Epistle To The Corinthians,p,247 [111] Bill Patton, The Purpose & the Governance of the Gift of Prophecy (2001 PDI Worship Leaders Conference Copyright 2001 PDI Ministries, 7881 Beech craft Ave, Suite B, Gaithersburg, MD 208791)
[112] Encyclopedia Britannica Deluxe Edition 2004 CD-ROM [113] David L. Smith, A Handbook of Contemporary Theology, (Grand Rapids: Michigan, Baker Books, 1992), p.227 [114] J. Wimber, Power Evangelism (London: Hodder, 1985),p.44-6 [115] The next day Paul Cain told Pastor Tuttle that twelve other marriages in his church were in serious trouble and that the Lord would use Kevins repentance and Reginas forgiveness to heal those marriages.
Two weeks later, Kevin and Regina renewed their wedding vows on Sunday morning before the whole church. After wards Carl Tuttle said to the church that other marriages in the church were in danger, and the Lord would help them also if they were willing to repent and forgive as the Forests had done. Twelve couples rose and came to the alter of the church to receive prayer, to repent, and to forgive each other. As far as Carl knows, all twelve of these marriages are doing well. [Jack Deere, Surprised by the Power of the Spirit, (Grand Rapids: Michigan, Zondervan Publishing House, 1996),p.209-212]
[116] Jack Deere, Surprised by the Power of the Spirit, (Grand Rapids: Michigan, Zondervan Publishing House, 1996),p.209-212 [117] Ralph & Gretchen Mahoney, (Ed). Understanding the Prophetic in the Church Toady, ( ACTS International Edition, Apirl/May/June/2001),p.18 [118] http://www.letusreason.org/support.htm [119] http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/hinnflier.html [120] http://www.pawcreek.org/articles/endtimes/CultOfBennyHinn.htm [121] Personal conversation with Rev. Hezekial Saroosh at his house on 20-11-2004 [122] Personal conversation with Rev. Philip Dutt at his house on 17-11-2004 [123] Ibid [124] Personal conversation with Rev. Hezekial Saroosh at his house on 20-11-2004 [125] Ibid [126] Personal Conversation with a class fellow .. [127] Michael Harper, These Wonderful Gifts, (Hodder & Stoughton: London, 1989), p.77 [128] Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology, (IVP, Leister: England, 1998), p.1060
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Bible Translations
v v v The NIV Study Bible, Grand Rapids, Zondervan Publishing House MI USA, 1995 King James Version, Age Software Albany, OR 97321 Revised Stranded Version, Age Software Albany, OR 97321