NUMERICALS

QUESTIONS

COMPILED BY M. SAJJAD HUSSAIN dvmdoctors@gmail.com

PRACTICAL

AN-203

CALCULATE THE TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS (ME)

Question No. 1 A Cattle having body weight, 500 kg with Live Weight Gain (LWG), 200 g/day and milk production of this animal is about 10 kg, tied. Calculate ME of the animal.
Things to Remember!!! Milk production, if 1 liter then Energy Requirement Live Weight Gain, if 1 kg is attained then Required Energy Activity of animal, if tied (1km) then required Energy 5 MJ 34 MJ 1MJ

We can calculate the Net Energy requirements of an animal in terms of five aspects. i) Maintenance ii) Milk production iii) live weight gain iv) Activity v) Pregnancy. Solution: In this example, we will account energy requirements in only first four conditions. i) Maintenance MEm = 0.52 x W0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 5000.75 MEm = 0.52 x 105.74 MEm = 54.98 MJ .. (a ii) Milk Production For 1 liter of milk production, energy requirement = 5 MJ For 10 liters of milk production, energy requirement = 5 x 10 = 50 MJ .. b) iii) Live Weight Gain For 1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 MJ For 0.2 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 x 0.2 = 6.8 MJ c) iv) Activity For 1 km activity, energy requirement = 1 MJ Total Energy Requirement (ME) = 54.98 + 50 + 6.8 + 1 = 112.78 MJ

Question No. 2
A buffalo having body weight, 600 kg with live weight gain, 150 g/day and milk production is about 15 liters, restrained in the fence, pregnancy status is 1 month. Calculate the ME requirements of the animal.

Solution: i) Maintenance MEm = 0.52 x W0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 6000.75 MEm = 0.52 x 121.23 MEm = 63.0 MJ ii) Milk Production For 1 liter of milk production, energy requirement = 5 MJ For 15 liters of milk production, energy requirement = 5 x 15 = 75 MJ iii) Live Weight Gain For 1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 MJ For 0.15 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 x 0.15 = 5.1 MJ iv) Activity An animal restrained in fence, roughly perform activity of almost 5 km in a day. For 1 km activity, energy requirement = 1 MJ

For 5 km activity, energy requirement = 5 MJ v) Pregnancy Status: For 1 month of pregnancy, energy requirement = 0 MJ (rough idea)

Total Energy Requirement (ME) = 63 + 75 + 5.1 + 5 + 0 = 148.10 MJ

CALCULATE THE ME AND CRUDE PROTEIN (CP) REQUIREMENTS Question No. 3

Characters Body Weight Weight Gain Activity Milk production Pregnancy status Fodder type Solution: Buffalo B Energy Requirements (ME) i) Maintenance: i) Maintenance: MEm = 0.52 x W 0.75 MEm = 0.52 x W 0.75 0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 600 MEm = 0.52 x 650 0.75 MEm = 63.0 MJ MEm = 66.9 MJ ii) Weight Gain: ii) Weight Gain: For 1 kg weight gain = 34 MJ For 1 kg weight gain = 34 MJ For 0.15 kg weight gain = 34 x 0.15 = 5.1 MJ For 0.2 kg weight gain = 34 x 0.2 = 6.8 MJ iii) Activity iii) Activity For grazing activity (10 km) = 10 MJ For tied animal (1 km) = 1 MJ iv) Milk production iv) Milk production For 1 liter Milk production = 5 MJ For 1 liter Milk production = 5 MJ For 10 liters Milk production = 50 MJ For 15 liters Milk production = 75 MJ v) Pregnancy Status: v) Pregnancy Status: For 6 month pregnancy = 8 MJ (see table) For 5 month pregnancy = 0 MJ (rough idea) Total ME required Total ME required: 63 + 5.1 + 10 + 50 + 8 = 136.1 MJ 66.9 + 6.8 + 1 + 75 + 0 = 149.7 MJ Crude Protein Requirements i) DM need of an animal: Dry matter intake of an animal is about 3 % of its body weight If weight is 100 kg then DMI = 3 kg If weight is 100 kg then DMI = 3 kg If weight is 1 kg then DMI = 3/100 If weight is 1 kg then DMI = 3/100 If weight is 600 kg then DMI = 18 kg If weight is 650 kg then DMI = 19.5 kg ii) CP requirement; (14 %) CP required from 1 kg DM = 140 gram CP required from 18 kg DM = 140 x 18 = 2520 g/day CP requirement: (16 %) CP required from 1 kg DM = 160 gram CP required from 19.5 kg DM = 160 x 19.5 = 3120 g/day Buffalo A Buffalo A 600 kg 150 g/day Grazing 10 liters 7 month Maize fodder Buffalo B 650 kg 200 g/day Tied 15 liters 5 month Maize fodder

CALCULATE TOTAL DM INTAKE OF ANIMAL FED ON THE MAIZE FODDER Question No. 4
A buffalo having body weight, 500 kg with live weight gain, 200 g/day, pregnancy status of 3 month, tied and milk production is about 10 liters, has been fed on maize fodder which is cut at its Maturing stage.

Solution: 1) Total Energy Requirement i) Maintenance MEm = 0.52 x W0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 5000.75 MEm = 0.52 x 105.74 MEm = 54.98 MJ ii) Milk Production For 1 liter of milk production, energy requirement = 5 MJ For 10 liters of milk production, energy requirement = 5 x 10 = 50 MJ iii) Live Weight Gain For 1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 MJ For 0.2 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 x 0.2 = 6.8 MJ iv) Activity An animal restrained in fence, roughly perform activity of almost 5 km in a day. For 1 km activity, energy requirement = 1 MJ v) Pregnancy Status: For 3 month of pregnancy, energy requirement = 0 MJ (rough idea) Total Energy Requirement (ME) = 54.98 + 50 + 6.8 + 1 + 0 = 112.78 MJ 2) Total Need of Maize Dry Matter: Total Energy requirements of the animal = 112.78 MJ Energy provided by 1 kg of Maize fodder (DM basis) = 9 MJ Total Need of Maize Dry Matter = 112.78 / 9 = 12.5 kg 3) Total weight of Fresh Maize Fodder The Fresh Maize fodder (at blooming stage) possess about 25 % DM 25 kg of maize dry matter can be obtained from how much Fresh Fodder = 100 kg 1 kg of maize dry matter can be obtained from how much Fresh Fodder = 100/25 12.5 kg of Maize DM can be obtained from F. Fodder = 100/25 x 12.5 = 65.2 kg So, Total weight of Fresh Maize Fodder = 65.2 kg

CALCULATE THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF FRESH MAIZE FODDER (KG) OFFERED Question No. 5
A lactating animal having body weight, 550 kg with live weight gain, 100 g/day, pregnancy status of 6 month, tied and milk production is about 15 liters, has been fed on maize fodder which is cut at its blooming stage (flowering stage).
Solution: 1) Total Energy Requirement i) Maintenance MEm = 0.52 x W0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 5500.75 MEm = 0.52 x 113.57 MEm = 59.0 MJ .. (a ii) Milk Production For 1 liter of milk production, energy requirement = 5 MJ For 15 liters of milk production, energy requirement = 5 x 15 = 75 MJ .. b) iii) Live Weight Gain For 1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 MJ For 0.1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 x 0.1 = 3.4 MJ c) iv) Activity An animal restrained in fence, roughly perform activity of almost 5 km in a day. For 1 km activity, energy requirement = 1 MJ v) Pregnancy Status:

(Energy requirement regarding to the pregnancy of 6 month is about 8 MJ) For 6 month of pregnancy, energy requirement = 8 MJ Total Energy Requirement (ME) = 59 + 75 + 3.4 + 1 + 8 = 146.4 MJ 2) Total Need of Maize Dry Matter: Total Energy requirements of the animal = 146.4 MJ Energy provided by 1 kg of Maize fodder (DM basis) = 9 MJ Total Need of Maize Dry Matter = 146.4 / 9 = 16.2666 16.3 kg 3) Total weight of Fresh Maize Fodder The Fresh Maize fodder (at blooming stage) possess about 25 % DM 25 kg of maize dry matter can be obtained from how much Fresh Fodder = 100 kg 1 kg of maize dry matter can be obtained from how much Fresh Fodder = 100/25 16.3 kg of Maize DM can be obtained from F. Fodder = 100/25 x 16.3 = 65.2 kg So, Total weight of Fresh Maize Fodder = 65.2 kg

CALCULATE THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF FRESH MAIZE FODDER AND WANDA Question No. 6
A lactating buffalo having body weight, 600 kg with live weight gain, 100 g/day and milk production is about 15 liters, of pregnancy 1 month, and is restrained in a fence, has to fed on both Maize Fodder and Concentrates (Wanda), then Calculate the following; i) Total ME requirements (MJ) ii) Total CP requirement (in grams/day) iii) Net Amount of Fresh fodder and Wanda (in kg) v) Composition of Wanda [in terms of ME (MJ) and CP (%) adjusted]
A) Calculation for Total Energy Requirements (ME) i) Maintenance MEm = 0.52 x W 0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 600 0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 121.23 MEm = 63.04 MJ ii) Weight Gain For 1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 MJ For 0.1 kg (100 g) weight gain, energy requirement = 34 x 0.1 = 3.4 MJ iii) Milk Production For 1 kg milk production, energy requirement = 5 MJ For 15 kg milk production, energy requirement = 5 x 15 = 75 MJ iv) Grazing Activity An animal restrained in fence, roughly perform activity of almost 5 km in a day For 1 km activity, energy requirement = 1 MJ For 5 km activity, energy requirement = 1 x 5 = 5 MJ v) Pregnancy Status For 1 month of pregnancy, energy requirement = 0 MJ (rough idea) Total Energy Requirements (ME): = 63.04 + 3.4 + 75 + 5 + 0 = 146.44 MJ B) Calculation for Crude Protein Requirements: i) DM Need of the buffalo For animal of 100 kg, DM need = 3 kg For animal of 1 kg , DM need = 3 /100 For animal of 600 kg, DM need = 3 /100 x 600 = 18.0 kg ii) CP Requirements: (16% CP) CP required by animal from 1 kg of maize fodder = 160 grams

CP required by animal from 18 kg of maize fodder = 18 x 160 = 2880 grams INFRASTRUCTURE OF FEED INCLUDES BOTH FODDER & CONCENTRATES As we know that 1/3 of total Energy requirements of an animal should fulfill from the concentrates while the rest 2/3 from the Maize fodder. Therefore, ME requirements which has to satisfy from Maize fodder = 97.63 MJ ME requirements which has to be fulfill from Wanda = 48.81 MJ C) Total Amount of Maize fodder (DM basis) 9 MJ energy can be obtained from how much maize fodder = 1 kg 97.63 MJ energy can be obtained from how much maize fodder = 97.63 / 9 = 10.85 kg 11 kg D) Total weight of maize fodder (Fresh fodder) 30 kg DM of maize fodder can be obtained from fresh maize fodder = 100 kg 10.85 kg DM of maize fodder can be obtained from fresh maize fodder = 100/30 x 10.85 = 36.16 kg 36 kg E) CP Available from offered Maize fodder (8.5 % CP in Maize Fodder on DM basis) (100 grams of maize fodder (DM basis) contain about 8.5 gram of CP), So 1 kg of maize fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 85 gram 11 kg of maize fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 8.5 x 11 = 935 gram Total amount of CP which has to satisfy from Concentrates Total CP requirements CP available from maize fodder = 2880 935 = 1945 grams MAKING A WANDA We can adjust a range of <8 MJ to 10 MJ > in 1 kg of Wanda to satisfy the ME requirement. 1) Total ME which has to fulfill from Wanda = 48.81 MJ 49 MJ 2) Total CP which has to satisfy from Wanda = 1944 gram By keeping above mentioned range in mind, dividing both equations (A & B) by 5 1) 49/5 = 9.8 MJ/kg 2) 1945/5 = 389 gram/kg Total Amount of Wanda required to fulfill Energy and CP need = 5 kg Composition of 1 kg Wanda i) ME = 10 MJ ii) CP = 389 gram or 38.9 % CONCLUSIONS: i) Total ME requirement of the buffalo = ii) Total CP requirement of the buffalo = iii) Total weight of Fresh Maize fodder = iv) Total amount of Wanda = v) Composition of Wanda per kg weight 146.44 MJ 2880 grams 36 kg 5 kg ME = 9.8 MJ and CP = 38.9 %

Reg. No. 2007-ag-1638 Question:

AN-Practical

Roll No. 562

A lactating Buffalo having body weight, 600 kg with live weight gain, 150 g/day, tied, pregnancy status of 6 months and milk production is 16 liters/day. Calculate the feed consumptions of the animal by following these assumptions: i) When wholly solely Berseme fodder is fed to the animal ii) When Wheat straw is also added in the Berseme fodder. iii) When Concentrate (Wanda) is also given with fodder and wheat straw.
Solution: Calculation for Total Energy Requirements (ME) i) Maintenance MEm = 0.52 x W 0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 600 0.75 MEm = 0.52 x 121.23 MEm = 63.0 MJ ii) Weight Gain For 1 kg weight gain, energy requirement = 34 MJ For 0.15 kg (100 g) weight gain, energy requirement = 34 x 0.15 = 5.1 MJ iii) Milk Production For 1 kg milk production, energy requirement = 5 MJ For 16 kg milk production, energy requirement = 5 x 16 = 80 MJ iv) Grazing Activity An animal tied; roughly perform activity of almost 1 km in a day For 1 km activity, energy requirement = 1 MJ v) Pregnancy Status For 6 months of pregnancy, energy requirement = 8 MJ Total Energy Requirements (ME): = 63 + 5.1 + 80 + 1 + 8 = 157.1 MJ Calculation for Crude Protein Requirements: i) DM Need of the buffalo For animal of 100 kg, DM need = 3 kg For animal of 1 kg , DM need = 3 /100 For animal of 600 kg, DM need = 3 /100 x 600 = 18.0 kg ii) CP Requirements Animal possess milk production about 16 liters or more, acquire 18% CP CP required by animal from 1 kg of maize fodder = 180 grams CP required by animal from 18 kg of maize fodder = 18 x 180 = 3240 g/day

i) WHEN WHOLLY SOLELY BERSEME FODDER IS FED TO THE ANIMAL

About Berseme Fodder: Fresh Berseme fodder posses 15-20 % DM Berseme Fodder (DM basis) possesses 8.5 MJ/ kg energy in term of ME Berseme fodder (DM basis) presents 20 % CP Solution: a) DM Need of the animal: Total Energy Requirements (ME) = 157.1 MJ Energy provided by 1 kg of Berseme fodder (DM basis) = 8.5 MJ Total amount of Berseme Fodder (DM basis) to cope the energy need = 157.1 /8.5 = 18.5 kg b) Fresh Berseme Fodder Requirement: 20 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100 kg 1 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100/20

18.5 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100/20 x 18.5 = 92.5 kg c) CP available from offered Berseme fodder (Berseme fodder (DM basis) contain about 20% CP), So 1 kg of Berseme fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 200 gram 18.5 kg of maize fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 200 x 18.5 = 3700 g/day (While the actual amount of CP required by the animal is about 3240 g/day so the surplus protein (460 g/day) can cause stress for the animal.)

II) WHEN WHEAT STRAW IS ALSO OFFERED WITH THE BERSEME FODDER
Total Energy Requirements (ME) = 157.1 MJ Total CP Requirement of animal = 3240 g/day a) About Wheat Straw It is recommended to add up maximum 4-5 kg wheat straw (DM basis) only. Fresh wheat Straw posses about 90-92 % DM Wheat Straw (DM basis) possess 4 MJ/ kg energy (ME value) Berseme fodder (DM basis) presents 4 % CP Solution: 1 kg of Wheat Straw (DM basis) cope the Energy Requirement = 4 MJ 5 Kg of wheat Straw (DM basis) fulfill the Energy requirement = 4 x 5 = 20 MJ Net Energy which has to cope with the Berseme fodder = 157.1 20 = 137.1 MJ 1 kg of Wheat Straw gives how much CP = 40 grams 5 kg of wheat straw provided how much CP = 40 x 5 = 200 grams/day Net CP requirement which has to cope with Berseme fodder = 3240 200 = 3020 g/day 92 kg DM of Wheat straw can be obtained from how much Fresh Straw = 100 kg 5 kg DM of wheat Straw can be obtained from how much Fresh straw = 100/92 x 5 = 5.4 kg Net Wight of Fresh Wheat straw offered to the animal = 5.4 kg Energy provided by 1 kg of Berseme fodder (DM basis) = 8.5 MJ Total amount of Berseme Fodder (DM basis) to cope the energy need = 137.1 /8.5 = 16.1 kg b) Fresh Berseme Fodder Requirement: 20 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100 kg 1 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100/20 16.1 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100/20 x 16.1 = 80.5 kg c) CP available from offered Berseme fodder (Berseme fodder (DM basis) contain about 20% CP), So 1 kg of Berseme fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 200 gram 16.1 kg of maize fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 200 x 16.1 = 3220 g/day So we conclude that when we offer 5.4 kg Fresh wheat straw and 80.5 kg of Fresh Berseme fodder then, Net energy requirements can be fulfilled easily but there would be an extra protein stress of 200 gram/day on the animal.

III) WHEN CONCENTRATE i.e. WANDA IS ALSO GIVEN WITH THE BERSEME FODDER AND WHEAT STRAW
Total ME Requirement of the animal = 157.1 MJ Total CP Requirement of the animal = 3240 g/day

INFRASTRUCTURE OF FEED INCLUDES FODDER, WHEAT STRAW AND CONCENTRATE (WANDA) As we know that 1/3 of total Energy requirements of an animal should fulfill from the concentrates (i.e. Wanda) while the rest 2/3 from the Berseme fodder and Wheat Straw. Therefore, ME requirements which has to satisfy from Berseme fodder and Wheat straw = 104.7 MJ ME requirements which has to be fulfill from Wanda = 52.4 MJ i) Total Energy fulfilled by Wheat straw = 20 MJ (see above case) ii) Net Energy which has to fulfill from Berseme fodder = 104.7 20 = 84.7 MJ a) DM need of the Berseme fodder 8.5 MJ energy can be obtained from how much Berseme fodder (DM basis) = 1 kg 84.7 MJ energy can obtained from how much Berseme fodder (DM basis) = 1/8.5 x 84.7 = 9.96 10 kg b) Fresh Berseme fodder requirement 20 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100 kg 1 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100/20 10 kg of DM can be obtained from how much Fresh Berseme fodder = 100/20 x 10 = 50 kg iii) Total CP available from the Wheat straw (5 kg) = 200 gram (see above case) iv) Total CP which has to fulfill from Berseme fodder = 3040 gram I kg of Berseme fodder (DM basis) contains CP = 200 (20 %) 10 kg of Berseme fodder (DM basis) contain CP = 200 x 10 = 2000 grams/day v) Net CP which has to satisfy from the Wanda = 3040 2000 = 1040 grams vi) Net ME which has to satisfy from the Wanda = 52.4 MJ (given above)

MAKING A WANDA
We can adjust a range of <8 MJ to 10 MJ > in 1 kg of Wanda to satisfy the ME requirement. 1) Total ME which has to fulfill from Wanda = 52.4 MJ 2) Total CP which has to satisfy from Wanda = 1040 grams By keeping above mentioned range in mind, dividing both equations (A & B) by 5 1) 52.4/5 = 10.48 MJ 10.5 kg 2) 1040/5 = 208 gram/kg Total Amount of Wanda required to fulfill Energy and CP need = 5 kg Composition of 1 kg Wanda i) ME = 10.5 MJ ii) CP = 208 gram or 20.8 % CONCLUSIONS: 1. When wholly solely Berseme fodder is fed: (460 grams CP will be surplus) i) Total Fresh Berseme fodder = 92.5 kg 2. When both Berseme fodder and Wheat Straw are offered: (200 grams CP is surplus) i) Total Fresh Berseme fodder = 80.5 kg ii) Total Fresh Wheat Straw = 5.4 kg 3. When Wanda is also offered with the Berseme fodder and Wheat Straw i) Total Fresh Berseme fodder = 50 kg ii) Total Fresh Wheat Straw = 5.4 kg iii) Total Wanda offered = 5 kg iv) Composition of Wanda ME = 10.5/kg and CP = 208 g/day or 20.8 %