Answer 1

t=[22.8 22.8 22.8 20.6 13.9 11.7 11.1 11.1];

d=[0 2.3 4.9 9.1 13.7 18.3 22.9 27.2];
dd=linspace(0,30,1000);
tt=spline(d,t,dd);
h=dd(2)-dd(1);
dy=gradient(tt,h);
dyy=gradient(dy,h);
[C,I]=max(abs(dy));
y=dd(I);
therm=spline(d,t,y);
format long
J=0.02*100*C;
fprintf('depth at thermocline in metres from lake surface=')
disp(y)
fprintf('Temperature at thermocline in degree Celsius =')
disp(therm)
fprintf('Heatflux at thermocline in Joules per second=',J)
disp(J)
subplot(211)
plot(d,t,'ob',dd,tt,'-k')
hold on
plot(y,therm,'gs','MarkerFaceColor','g')
xlabel('Depth from surface(m)');
ylabel('Temperature(degree Celsius)');
title('Temperature vs. Depth Graph','FontSize',15)
legend('real points','interpolated points','Thermocline')
subplot(212)
plot(dd,dy,'-',dd,dyy,'--')
hold on
plot(dd,0,'-k','LineWidth',26)
xlabel('Depth from surface(m)');
ylabel('(dT/dz) / (d2T/dz2)');
title('(dT/dz) / (d2T/dz2) vs. Depth Graph','FontSize',15)
legend('dT/dz','d2T/dz2','Location','SouthEast')
grid on

Output:

depth at thermocline in metres from lake surface= 11.351351351351351

Temperature at thermocline in degree Celsius = 17.305548886035709

Heatflux at thermocline in Joules per second= 3.228109213052583

Answer 2
function [ area] = simpson(x,y )
if rem(length(x),2)==0
error('insert odd number of points')
else
xx=linspace(min(x),max(x),length(x));
yy=spline(x,y,xx);
sum1=0;
sum2=0;
for i=2:length(xx)-1
if rem(i,2)==0
sum1=sum1+yy(i);
else

sum2=sum2+yy(i);

end
area=(yy(1)+yy(length(xx))+4*sum2+2*sum1)*(xx(2)-xx(1))/3;
end

end

end

Answer 3

x=0:200:4200;

y=[2440,2500,2500,2600,2700,2800,3000,31203120,3200,3200,3150,2950,2
600,2250,2050,1800,1600,1050,950,900,600,0];
x1=[x(1:length(x)-1)];
>> y1=[y(1:length(y)-1)];
a=simpson(x1,y1)
b=trapz(x,y)
Output:

a = 4.169092000000000e+009
b = 6.2493e+009
Answer 4
r=[0:2.5:20];
v=100*[0.914 0.89 .847 .795 .719 .543 .427 .204 0];

p=polyfit(r,v,2);
syms r1 v1;
v1=p(1)*r1^2+p(2)*r1+p(3);
f=r1*v1;
format long
Q=2*3.14*int(f,0,20);
fprintf('The analytic value (cubic cm per second is
Q1=58062.10701298701;disp(Q1)
for i=1:length(r)
q(i)=2*3.14*v(i)*r(i);
end
z=trapz(r,q);
s=simpson(r,q);
fprintf('The estimates are:
fprintf('Trapezoidal rule=');
disp(z)
fprintf('Simpsons rule=');
disp(s)
fprintf('Percentage Errors:
');
fprintf('Trapezoidal rule=');
disp(abs(z-Q1)/Q1 *100)
fprintf('Simpsons rule=');
disp(abs(s-Q1)/Q1 *100)

');

');

r2=linspace(0,20,100);
plot(r,v,'o',r2,polyval(p,r2),'-k')
xlabel('Radial axis(cm)');
ylabel('Velocity(cm/s)');
legend('real points','interpolated points')
title('velocity vs.radial axis graph','FontSize',25)

Output:
The analytic value (cubic cm per second is

5.806210701298701e+004

The estimates are:

Trapezoidal rule=

Simpsons rule=

5.710875000000000e+004

5.673456666666666e+004

Percentage Errors:
Trapezoidal rule= 1.641960758974475

Simpsons rule= 2.286414349419696