Assignment: MMC Ropes used for V Belts & Flat Belt:

10 ME - 21

The belts or ropes are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of pulleys. The desirable properties of the belt material are: High coefficient of friction Flexibility Durability Strength

Amount of power transmitted depends upon the following The velocity of the belt. The tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys. The arc of contact between the belt and the smaller. The materials for belts are divided into following groups; Leather Cotton or Fabric Rubber belts Balata belts (acid proof and water proof)

Types of ropes are; Fiber rope Wire rope

They are often made up of cotton. They are of circular or sometime of square cross section for longer life large factor of safety is required ,mostly maximum bearable tension for a rope is expressed in terms of diameter and value of 160 d^2 lb ,weight of the rope is 0.28 d^2 lb . Various sizes of ropes are being used depending on the amount of power transmission varying from 13/4 in to 2 in dia. An advantage of rope drive is that several drives can be driven using
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Assignment: MMC

10 ME - 21

one drive pulley .Groove angle varies from 40*-60* but often taken as 45*. The limiting ratio for tension is high same as that of v-belts, having co-efficient of friction about 0.3.

Advantages of Fiber rope :

They give smooth, steady and quiet service. They are little affected by outdoor conditions. The shafts may be out of strict alignment. The power may be taken off in any direction and in fractional parts of the whole amount. They give high mechanical efficiency.

Advantages of Fiber rope :

These are lighter in weight. These offer silent operation These can withstand shock loads. These are more reliable. They do not fail suddenly. These are more durable. The efficiency is high. The cost is low.

MATERIAL FOR FALT BELTS :

The fabric belts are made from canvas or cotton impregnated with rubber beside this for some special features in our belt we also use some other material containing woven camel hair or cotton fused together and impregnated with balata and other gums. Thickness of these belts can be increased by just increasing the number of layers or plies of fabric. Leather is most suitable among all material in case of warm climate, damp condition and in exposed position. Rubber belts are very flexible but easily destroy when they comes in contact with oil or grease when they contains a thin fabric layer impregnated with rubber composition and having thin layer of rubber composition and thin rubber on faces . The co-efficient of friction of flat belts is uncertain while in working position because of some allowance due to atmospheric pressure on outside surface of the belt, it ranges from 0.25 -0.35 in case of leather and fabric with cast iron pulley . The breaking strength of the leather belt varies with quality from 2000-8000 lb/in^2 and 60009000 lbs/in ^2 for cotton woven belts .The thickness ranges from 3/16 in to in .in order to attain a belt of double thickness we simply cement the two layers of belts, the usual thickness of

Assignment: MMC

10 ME - 21

woven and cotton belt ranges from 0.25 to 0.35. Thicker may be obtained b simply increasing the number of layers. Maximum bearing stress is limited to 200-400 lb/in ^2 depends upon type of joint used and thickness, thicker the belt the lower the stress used because of additional stress caused by bending around pulley rim. Per inch weight of bet should not exceed 40 lb for a belt of single thickness and 65lb for double thickness. Steel belts are also being used in recent times because there is no permanent stretch and less centrifugal tension for given speed as compare to leather belts. But shaft must be perfectly aligned and pulley rim should be true.

MATERIAL FOR V BELTS :

V-belts are made of fabrics and cords, which are molded in rubber and covered with fabric. Normal groove angle is 40* but it can be low as 30* .they are suitable for short drive systems, wedging action of v-belt gives high value of limiting ratio of the tensions so material is efficiently used so it is not necessary to install belt with high initial tensions but one of the flaw of this belt is that the velocity ratio between driver and driven pulley changes with wear of belt and groove.

Assignment: MMC Table

10 ME - 21

CHAIN NO

PITCH (IN)

ROLLER DIA

ROLLER WIDTH

SPROCKET THICKNESS

MAXIMUM BEAIRNG LOAD 875 2100 2000 3700 6100 8500 14500 24000 34000 46000 58000 76000 95000 130000

25 35 41 40 50 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 240

3/8 5/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 3

130 200 306 5/16 400 15/32 5/8 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-13/32 1-9/16 1-7/8

1/8 3/16 5/16 3/8 5/8 1 1 1-1/4 1-13/32 1-1/2 1-7/8

.030 .050 .050 .060 .080 .094 .125 .156 .187 .219 .250 .281 .312 .375