Chng 2 Cc b Vi x l

ThS. Phm Duy Hng Trng i hc Cng ngh-HQGHN 144 Xun Thu, Cu Giy H Ni Email: hungpd@vnu.edu.vn T: 0903299321

1. Vi x l 8086
1.1 Tnh nng L Vi x l 16 bt: ALU v cc thanh ghi lm vic vi d liu 16 bit Bus d liu 16 bit: c th c/vit d liu vo b nh/cng 16 bt hoc 8 bt. Bus a ch 20 bt: c th nh a ch ti a 220=1 Mega nh Tc xung nhp 4.7 MHz n 10 MHz. X l lnh theo cng ngh x l ng ng (pipelining technology) 2 ch hot ng
Ch min: VXL trc tip iu khin bus; 1 VXL Ch max: iu khin bus thng qua 8288; nhiu VXL
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1.2 S khi v chn tn hiu

n v ghp ni bus BIU n v thi hnh EU

n v ghp ni Bus
iu khin bus h thng: a a ch ra bus v trao i d liu vi bus a ra a ch c m lnh t b nh c/ghi d liu t/vo b nh hoc cng vo/ra Cc khi B cng tnh a ch 4 Thanh ghi on 16 bt: CS, DS, SS, ES B m chng trnh/con tr lnh 16 bt (PC/IP) Hng i lnh PQ (6 byte) Logic iu khin bus
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n v thi hnh EU
Nhn lnh v d liu t BIU x l. Kt qu x l c chuyn ra b nh hoc thit b I/O thng qua BIU. Cc khi ALU CU 8 thanh ghi 16 bt: AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI Thanh ghi c FR Bus ni (internal bus) lin kt BIU v EU

1.3 Cc thanh ghi v nh a ch byte nh trong 8086

Thanh ghi a nng: AX = AH.AL BX = BH.BL CX = CH.CL DX = DH.DL Thanh ghi con tr v ch s Thanh ghi on: ghi /c c s on nh Thanh ghi con tr lnh v c Con tr lnh: cha a ch ca lnh tip theo C: trng thi ca tn hiu k
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Hng i lnh

Phn on b nh trong 8086

Khng gian nh vt l 220=1 MB a ch c nh t 00000h n FFFFFh B nh c chia thnh cc on (segment), mi on c di 64 KB
Thanh ghi on cha a ch bt u ca on
V tr nh trng on c xc nh bng a ch offset (0000h-FFFFh) a ch logic: Segment:Offset

a ch vt l = Segmentx16+Offset
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Cc phng php nh a ch ca 8086

nh a ch tc ti nh a ch trc tip nh a ch thanh ghi nh a ch gin tip nh v ch s nh a ch ngn xp

1.4 Truy cp b nh v thit b vo/ra

Khi nim Trng thi my: thi gian 1 chu k xung nhp ng h h thng Chu k my (chu k bus) 2 giai on: (1) gi d liu ln bus; (2) chuyn d liu 4 chu k my c bn: c/vit b nh; c/vit vo/ra Chu k lnh: khong thi gian CPU thc hin xong 1 lnh (c lnh, gii m lnh v thc hin lnh) Trng thi i

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2. B ng x l ton 8087
c gi l b x l du chm ng hay b x l s NPU. Tr gip VXL tnh cc php ton s hc vi s c du chm ng. Tc tng gp 50-500 ln so vi tnh trc tip trn 8086. 80x87 v 80x86. T 80486, NPU c tch hp trn chip.
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Cu trc 8087
n v iu khin CU:
iu khin bus Thit lp ch hot ng v kim sot trng thi lm vic ca 8087 ng b vi 8086

n v s hc NU: thc hin cc php tnh du chm ng

B tnh ly tha B tnh phn nh tr B iu khin s Cc thanh ghi ngn xp
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Kiu d liu trong 8087

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3. B VXL 80286
3.1 Tnh nng Bus d liu: 16 bit Bus a ch: 24 bit -> 16 MB nh VL. Xung nhp 8MHz-25MHz Tng thch hon ton vi 8086. 2 Ch hot ng Ch thc (Real mode): hot ng nh 8086 Ch bo v (Protect mode): h tr hot ng a nhim
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3.2 S khi v chn tn hiu ca 80286

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3.2 S khi

4 khi chc nng: EU (Excution Unit) AU (Address Unit) BU (Bus Unit): IU (Intruction Unit)

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3.3 Ch bo v trong 80286

t bt PE (Protected mode Enable) trong thanh ghi MSW chuyn sang ch bo v. Qun l on nh theo nhim v. Mi on nh c m t bi B m t on (8 byte) cha 3 thng s
a ch c s (Base) di on (Limit): ti a 64KB Quyn thm nhp (Access rights)

Cc b m t on nm trng 2 on nh c bit gi l Bng cc b m t on LDT v GDT Khng gian nh gn vi NV

Khng gian nh cc b: 1 NV Khng gian nh ton cc: tt c cc NV.

Cc thanh ghi:
TR (Task Register MSW (Machine Status Word) LDT (Local Descriptor Table) IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table) GDT (Global Descriptor Table)

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B m t on
a ch logic on nh
Thanh ghi on thay i thnh b chn (Selector) B chn c s dng chn B m t on (Descriptor)

a ch vt l nh B m t on -> a ch CS
Offset -> V tr nh.

Khng gian B nh o: 1GB Khng gian cc b (LDT)

8,192 b m t cc b Kch thc ti a 64 KB KG=8192x64=512 MB Khng gian ton cc (GDT) 8,192 b m t cc b Kch thc ti a 64 KB KG=8192x64=512 MB M =1 LDT+1GDT=1GB

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4. B VXL 80386
4.1 Tnh nng
Bus d liu: 32 bt => truy xut 4 byte d liu ng thi Bus a ch: 32 bt => nh a ch 4 Gbyte nh VL Tc xung nhp 33 MHz Tng thch vi 80286 H tr h iu hnh a nhim 3 ch hot ng
Ch thc (Real mode) Ch bo v (Protect mode): b nh t chc theo phn on v phn trang 8086 o: cho php chy song song cc tin trnh khc nhau
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4.2 Cu trc 80386

Cc khi chc nng
Excution Unit Bus Interface Unit Code Pre-fetch Unit Instruction Decoder Unit Segment Unit Paging Unit

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Thanh ghi 80386

Thanh ghi Cc thanh Cc thanh Cc thanh Cc thanh a nng, con tr v c: 32 bt ghi iu khin: CR0, CR2, CR3 ghi h thng: TR, LTDR, IDTR, GDTR ghi on: CS, DS, SS, ES, FS, GS ghi kim tra v g ri: DR0-DR5; TR6, TR7

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4.3 T chc b nh 80386

Ch phn on

Ging nh trong 80286

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Ch phn trang 80386

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Chuyn ha a ch on v trang

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So snh c ch phn on v phn trang

Ni dung Ngi lp trnh c cn bit k thut ny ang c s dng hay ko ? C bao nhiu khng gian a ch tuyn tnh Khng gian a ch tng cng c th vt qu kch thc b nh VL Cc th tc v d liu c th c phn bit v c bo v ring r ? Ti sao k thut ny c pht trin C Phn on Phn trang Khng

Nhiu C

1 C

Khng

cho php d kiu c chia thnh nhiu KG a ch logic c lp v c th bo v c

c mt khng gian a ch tuyn tnh ln m khng cn phi mua nhiu b nh vt l 27

Ch 8086 o
C th chy nhiu 8086 o 80386 hot ng trong ch trang, mi 8086 o c trao cho 1 bng trang.

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5. B VXL 80486 v Pentium

5.1 Kin trc CISC v RICS-X l ng ng Kin trc CISC v RICS
n v iu khin c vi chng trnh ha n v iu khin kiu logic ngu nhin

Cng ngh X l ng ng
K thut ng ng Hin tng bt nc

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5.2 Vi x l 80486
c tnh
Gm 80386 ci tin + ng x l ton 80387 + B nh cache tch hp trong chip. Kin trc 32 bt (Bus a ch, d liu; cc thanh ghi 32 bit) X l d liu 8, 16, 32 bt

Cu trc

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5.3 Vi x l Pentium
Tnh nng hn hn cc VXL trc Mt tch hp v xung nhp ng h cao hn rng bus cc b ln ti 64bit S dng kin trc RISC v cng ngh x l ng ng Kin trc siu v hng

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Cu trc Pentium

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Bi tp chng 2

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