m o c. dl r o w o h s o.

w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 1 egaP

akvd dfc 4g k;x Li e aSd kjkeg uoht jk,v g hrgj hrpksl rkc hg hd kXj q , \ X q T kr d 'kdkv [kv 4g hrdl gj hr[n ksd 'kdkv hH l e Sd kr [akv ud s X a T s s X a q s X fy 4g Li hg e Sd l ykl kXjktg eg df g kdl yp Cgu kri hH hHv ksd s T s \ X a q s , rjkH 4kLi jxf e Sd df k;x yp hH kri ksr ksd "frfk; lm jkv g Sx d \ X a q s , T IH rkj jkl dlm ji uhet jk,v g kgj jd u;;v kd kXjkr rjkH 4g hgj s s s , T hxy ji 'kdkv l knl [kav hd rjkH jkv g hd hoi ksr Sk;el hd rjkH s X , T 1 a 4Cgu klksjH Bkd kd ukK d kXjkr d s s s 'kdkv lm rLi Bk[nf Cgu PLx d uhet hHv ltf dfk;D 4hxMkv Cgu lki s s \ s. s s X a s q jkgr hHd e Ic ]kgd u rjkv hPc lm 4kxdl krc e re Te >r ]g kr T ss s , \w wa X q s q wa y e lhG e k;iQ rgc lum 4g rkv u[hl lki je "frfks; Lc7Lc sl k;u s X T q s T s s ss s \ s \ fn hjkl 4kukt kv lki je r ksr kg ku>el hH Nd e /cl d kXjkr d 'kd q ss w s q X a a s s kv >r jxv jkv g "frfk; kLc rgc dS e `g uk,d Te Cgu kri >r n;k' s q , wa s \ q T wa s q g k;kpc uoht kje sur 2kae8 kgd jkv SN ji d k;Pfc lm u "frfk; lm , s w , q , s \q s s 4kykduf jgk c d aSd lm l yd'ekc jdkv su rjkv hPc dS l r[ dS d lki kF jwn s q s s q , w\ s s s okax hF rkj hj/v k;kypf rgc go 4Sx yp e Sd ji jk,v Cgj hr[sn jkr s a q s X a q , s X [kav 4kyp kri lm cr kjxf e Sd ct 4kLi jxf e Sd dS jkudf sd rk s X a q \ X a q s s j jk,v k;x dIH l rkj go 4krdl kt kgd Cgu rpfuf l ygi lb xSkt s s s s s s a yp kagd ji kr g hr[n ksd 'kdkv [kav jxv jkv g ryp ji uhet ksr j,i s , s T s X , T s 4kryp Cg u kri kd sukt dIH ji kXrkj d uhet lm kXg hxy ji 'kdkv [kv hdltf s s a dfXk;D Cgu kri lm k;x ync cd krkj 4kF kgj jd hH u;;v kd kXjkr j s k,v kF kgj hH yp ji rkj go 4kF kgj jd u;;v kd kXjkr jdkOm [kav s X Gjr hd 'kdkv "frfks; dS jkv kF kjH l kXjkr 'kdkv ]e rkj hj/v dS , s X s a ]uekv ;if jse . z s u ZlksdLf a k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf dkI a w tks[ hd rjkH Su s s k'kv
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 2 egaP

k,v hldf ji hoi kl,t g uoht hg klo uoht kjkeg 4g Cgu ye7ykr Bksd Xe 1 , , , s uoht jkeg jk,v jkpof jkeg df g hg; k;el hygi e kvk;el hd rjkH s s , X X 4g krkt gj rldofv uoht , jkv g krkt kg rlfdof hH jkpof Syflb 4g Sg Sdf Ohi Gjr hd sjln d , , s , q w S uoht kjkeg jkv jkpof kjkeg 4g kryp Gjr hjln uoht kjkeg g kryp , , w , Gjr dS jkpof kjkeg 4g k;x ksg kni /ksjof dS ]o} nfk;ufc dS e jkp , , q X of jkeg jkv e suht jkeg 4g jkv Cgd krht jkv g krjd jkv Nd rkc he s , X s , , , , , q X nkv uke0fc kjkeg 4g jk,v Cgd ue kjkeg jk,v g jkv Cgd hxntV hjkeg 4C q , , , gu hH yeykr Bksd e kvk;el hjkeg jk,v kHrfi hjkeg 4bx hyp hrksg hd s X X z b hH aSk;el hjkeg Gjr hjln jkv Bx hyp hrksg kni hH kHrfi Gjr dS w , , z 4k;df kni hH 'n uhgjho jkv kje[H chjx klt , s , q , rjkH jk,v g Sdf kni xky hyk'kHrfi lt jhokge jkv 0c ueg g Cgu rl , , s z s , , q s T fdof hH kHrfi 4g Bx I? Fkl dS SkuI? rHnv kukn g; 4g Bx hrksg rlf z T a q . X s , dof hH kHrfi hjkeg jkv hd Cgu yg k;el Bksd ueg g Bx hrksg hdb hH z , s T Sk;el hjkeg rfkaH lb 4g hrgj hr[n Gjr hd 'kdkv jn kago kHrfi hd a , s w z rjkH jkv g hd kg; aSk;el 4g Ilksub g k;ke uoht g hrgd kHrfi hd , , a , a , , z rjkH jk,v g hd uoht aSk;el 4hrjd Cgu rkc phu l kekv go g kHrfi T s s , z kst hd rjkH jkv g hd hHl Sk;el 4g Bg hd> Gjr hd {kse go g kRe0 , T a , q q , fc kt hd rjkH ]g kHrfi kst hd rjkH jkv g hd jkll Sk;el [sn je df q s , z , T a a s ss X k;D 4g krgp kujd W' rkc hd kunf uhr ub huiv e l hukgd hl7hIkN lb wa q X T s s 4g ryp hg ji uhet lkO g ryp hH T s s T s ct jk,v r[n Cgu kuil hHd ji g hrkt jrm e O> jkv g hr[n hH kuil s s , T X w , T s skr [kv 4ji g Cgu dofrko ed l kX[kav jkv PLx jkv Sd rkj d uoht X a , , s , s. , a q s s g Cgu dofrko ed l kXjkr d 'kdkv 4g dofrko rgc Sk;el hd uoht T s s T q a 4g k;nf xk;gl e ukyH kd k;el ]k;nf Cgu F , s X s q s kl hH Bksd e ujd yg ksd k;el ukgm g kgd k;ke kd rfFf hjkl hd uo X s s X , s ht d 'n lb u kxky utf 4g k;ke aSk;el hjkl g; ]g k;ke P.Lx cl g; s s s X s , T s ]g k;ke jkll cl g; df g hd ''fksd hd uk>el u kxky lt jd' ;kpkv , a , s s X s s , a Z hH g kvd df g hd ''fksd hd uyH g; ueg jh/7jh/ jkv g rgj sr[ , a q , s w s s s , T s n Gjr hd 'kdkv Syflb Li u Bk[nf Ghydr hd Sd 4g rgj sr[n Gjr s s \ a q T s s hg hd 'kdkv eg Cgu hg r[n Gjr hd Sqd eg Syflb Li u Bk[nf eg s s a s \ X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 3 egaP

4k;x kyp krjkg jGf jk,v k;x kyp kruke rkc hd hlm jGf jk,v k;x kyp krjkg jkc jg jk,v k;x kruke rkc hd hlm go jkc kpkai jkv k;x yef henk X , v hg dS lm jkc kpkai g rkc hd te Lc dS udfy 4k;ky nhj[ hyGxwae Te s X , s s \ s ksr ]9g hryef hrl hyGxe g hrkg e wtkd kst g thp hHl go hyGxe jk , wa T s X T X wa , v g krkt Li jkehc henkv l suk[ wtkd ]kg Sx skg yxki ]tkd8 kgd ulm , \ s s w s k;x yef jGf uhIluo go ]usxS Ie uhIluo kgd ulm 4k;ky nhj[ hyGxwae s s kgd sukXgm kr kIk,y lifko jd nhj[ hyGxe go l kgo jk,v ktH ksd _ef s wa s a s lm 4Li yp j? jkv y k[ tkd eg cv 4ksvky nhj[ tkd Nd er jdkt X \ , X w w q q hd g hg; kNv ksr cv kgd sukgm hd F pc li hg urb lki d kXpki um , X s s s , s s a jGf 4kF k;x k;kxy Cgu okan ksr ji lm udfy k;kv kLks\? go kF kpkl ksd s s s s\ Lk? ltf sukgm jkc kXjkp jkv Sx ksg e[ li jkl dum Sx jkg go okan j X , s , s s kp lsS 4g k;kv kxy ji Lk? jlwn e Cgu kyko ukv kr kLk? g; hd g k;kr s wa s s\ s T s s s\ , c g; sulm jkv kF k;x yef uhIluo hd k;krc jdkv jGf jdIky ulm kt , , s H kd _ef hlm sukxy okan jkc hjlhr ukgm jGf Syf Ihi jlf u kX_ef kpkai s s s X s X 4Cgu kri Bkd kd Lst ]g k;x kv dS jcu kyksiv Bkv jc[ nkc jsn hL , a s ks\F 4g k;kv kxy okan hg ji Lt e 9ksn kxy okan ji lm er g kyko ukv kL wa s T q , s ks\? kd eku Lst df g kugd kd k;"frfks; 4krdl Cgu hH kv hHd Cgu hg k; , X kv hHd kykiv ksg Sx ksg yxki8 kgd ulm jkv d lGfkv k;x yef ji tko s s s , s s jn >e jGf uhIluo k;x e8 ]kgd sulm jkv kIk,y lifko go ]ksd _ef ktH s q T , s jGf Syf d ukxy ji Lks\? d eku kyksiv 4k;df ;r ji oakn jln ukXgm jGf s s s s s s w s 4Syf dksO jlf u Xk_ef kXpkai 4kyp Cgu kri s Bksd kd hLk? hd eku k;jfksIDof jkv dS jcu k;x kv uhjxkx hd kyp kri s\ , a e jsn hLkF 4g k;kv kxy okan ji hLk? hd eku k;jfkIDof e kr ]9n kxy o X s\ aq s\ s T s s kan ji hLk? hd eku k;jfksIDof r 4g Cgu hg kyko ukv uhjxkx kg Sg yxki8 s\ w , s s q kgd sulm j,kv uhIluo k;x yef henkv dS >qe kago udfy k;x ukxy ji s s s s s Lks\? d eku uhjxkx ksr okn e df kgd ulm udfy kIky lifko jd kxy okn a T s s , a go ]k;x doq; go 4Skv kxy okn l Gjr hd kpkai kXjkp jdkt go8 ]df kg a s X d ksd doq; dS d eku uejc ]kd hFkl dS uiv jkv k;df ;r ukgm g; s s s , s X g kukxy okn ji sLks\? d eku uhjxkx 4Skt k;kxy okn ji Lks\? ldf hd k; , a s a s df ;r jd Oc u k_ef kXpki um 4F Sg Sx Syf d ukxy Lkn e LknLq\? lm , s X a s q s s ,\ X ,\ s l iW rD;l _ef pkai 4hF hgj ksg lj dS ]LknL? dS e dZk;w; g kuql uTe q a s ,\ q\ X , s 4g rjd jkdb hg ksd kvk;el kst ]uk/kel g srNi g; l kxsky um j T s a X T w s X rjuf eg jk,v g Cgu yko suN kd FkF; d uoht jkpof jkeg udfy ]kd j a T s w s Z s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 4 egaP

nf uen hd g krpkl Zxejrq' ksr 4krLi Cgu Bk[nf uen l ukLx ge Xe r q , s q q \ q s s \ qa s s j 4jd kyeg ji lm uen jxv g krkt ksg kL[ jd kLx ge e rj xejr' q , \ \ qa X s Z q q 4g Cgu , hg k;el g; g rgd eg ksr jd yg ld g rki pkl Cgu g rki jd Cgu T s X s , T s s T s ]g rdl jd Cgu yg eg n;k' 4g htks[ kFo; hd ujd jkdb ueg Syflb T s , s a s g rki jd Cgu yg eg n;k' df g krdl ksg hH g; dfc krki jd Cgu y T s , g hHd go g krn jd jkdb ksd kvk;el tkel kst jkv g htks[ kFo; hd , s a X , , s ujd jkdb kd kvk;el 4g ktk[ Cgu uk/kel kd kvk;el huiv u rjkH a s X , s X s 4g O> cl g; ]g kO> hH , w , w go hjke hykx ultf g hO> hH go g Bx hjke hykx kt jrhH d uil ksr g s s , w , s s s s , kO> hg kuil 4g Cgu rjWt hH Bkd hd ukyp kendqe e ryknv jkv g kO w , s s X , , w > kuil ]kg yxki er sxgd eg 4hn jke hykx >e u henkv dS e uil aM s q X s s q s X s kyp kende e ryknv e8 ]g krNi likv go jkv kxkt henkv go 4hn jke q X T , w s , hyksx su hldf e uil ksd henkv dS `g rjWt k;D hd uk/kel kr g ;l X s , s , v k;el ct g ;l dS uoht df g ruke kst g ruke FkF; ksd uoht kt , T s T s Z s T s g rdl jd xky go uk/kel kd kvk;el hd uoht 4krdl kg Cgu uk/kel s X s kd k;el Bkd hd uoht lum ruke Cgu FkF; ksd uoht xksy kt 4g gj t s s s Z s T s ks[ uk/kel gxt ryx eg hd g hg; k;el hygi hjkeg Xe Ifn huiv hjse , 1 4g k;hd W' , q kukI[I[ ji tkojn ryx sueg g Cgu ksr klS Cgd df krpksl Cgu g; hH s , s Bksd jk,v Syf d uxke uk/kel g rkt ksg L[ jdLkt Fkg lki d hgm eg s s a T s s \ s\ s jGf jk,v krkt jkg okan jkc jg 4g kgj xkae uk/kel d kvk;el huiv sl kx , s X X ksy yko ugd ;lv ksd hoi j,kv xky yko ugd ;l ksd {ke l kxksy yko s s 1 s s s s s X s s ugd F; ksd uoht ]xky yko sugd k;ke ksd uoht l "o kXjktg rjkH jkv Z s s s Z , 4g F; cl g Cgu dFkl k;el Bksd hdlb kr g jkl , Z , Z s , v hg uoht ct jk,v ksg jkl kt g rLi utks[ uk/kel d kvk;el um ]srL s T s \ s s X i utk[ Cgu uk/kel d kvk;el jklv jk,v bx ksg jklv hH Sk;el kr g \ s s s X a s , jklv uoht ct 4g rdl krc ld yg d Xkvk;el hd uoht go ]g jklv u T s s , s , oht hd ksg k[j uke g; u kxky utf jkv g jklv uoht g rgd kst g xky s X s , , T s T s o go dfk;D g ryx xksy go ]yg d kvk;el hd uoht g rNi eg slutf s X T s X T s w ji tkojn lm g krkt s s , yef jGf uhIluo go dfk;D Cgu hH kxrht okan hHd rjkH jkv Cgu krht X s , okn Bksd dr cv rjkH 4g kgj yp l ykl kXjktg g; g rkt jkg okan jGf a , s T s ]g rkt suNi lki d hgm jGf g rkt rjkg okan jg g rkt rkxy okan jkv T s w s T s s T s s , g rkt ruke eg rkc hd kxky utf 4sxkXg ukjg eg kr [n jdkOm kFd hj T s s X s , s X s i hd rjkH eg jxv udfy ]go kF yxki hd g hrkv hlg ji henkv lm Xeg w s , a
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 5 egaP

d ugj chjx l "o kXjktg ukrqngV Syflb g O> kr hxntV hd xn gd go s s s Z , w s s X `jd uk/kel k;D eg hd kxgj krNi jdkt go l Xkxky ub dr ct 4kxgj X s w s s s kryef uhIuo kdlm dr ct kxgj chjx jk,v g chjx l ykl kXjktg ukrqng s s , s V Syflb 4g chjx go u g jhev u go g kekv jrhH kst go 4g chjx Bkd , , , , s u ]g jhev Bksd u ]g kuil dS ]g O> cl go g kgj Li Bk[nf kst jgkc , , , w , \ 4g hrksg jhev u g hrksg chjx , , u kekv Cgu hg g hchjx g hukKv ikv ksr g gj jd ''fksd hd ukIef ksd h , T T s s chjx ikv jxv 4g ;lv hg jhj' dfk;D Cgu hg g hjkehc g krgd skr hukK , X , , g hukKv g >elku g yxki kr g gj jd tkyb kd hjkehc hlhd ikv jxv , T T s T s 4g krjd ''fkd hd uyn , s s c kd hxntV g krLy g kr>t kst go hukKv jk,v g krkt xkH kt g go huk s , \ , w , s , K e ukrngV g krkt xkH ksr hukK g hukKv go g >elku go g rjd yg ] X q , , , T s T s g r>wt e hxntV kst g yxki go jk,v g rkt xkH jkv rjd Cgu yg kt g X T T s , s s T uke0fc xksy go e ukrngV 4g yxki go g krjd yg kt Cgu hg g Sk;el q X q , , s T a `g k;D rjWt hd ujd yg ksd kvk;el ksr g kuil dS uoht kjkl ct j , s X , , , kv g utyb ]g k;ke ];lv 4k;nf gd ueg ksd iW ji d ji d uoht hd w , s sw s sw s g g; rkc hd hdkykp go jk,v g hd rkc hd hdkykp dS ]hjk;'fksg dS ue , , s g udfy 4krdl ksg Cgu 0lf e sujd jkdb ksd uoht hH ;l kdlm 4kxkg ; s X a s l e /k,i ]kxkg ;l e jFi ]kxkg ;l jrhH dikv jkv kxksg ;l jrhH X s s X s s , je hH go ksr g ;l kekeji jxv 4Cgu e 'kdkv hldf e huen hd uoht ss , X X q lb 4kxkg ntk,e e kX;bkjgx hd uoht hlb go ksr g ;l hH kekeji jxv s w X , 4Cgu l sutk[ e /ksjof d rfi ]kxkg /yim l utk[ e kssa;bkjgx hg hd s s X s z s s s s X rfi go ksr g ;l hH kekeji jxv jk,v g ;l <ijfi rfi 4g hIm z , , Z w z , Bkpl dfct ;lv ydycf rfi ]rfi jkv g kekeji ;l ]g nkc d ; q z z , , , s q e kt g go ;l ]e 'kdkv kt g go ;l 4g kgj Li Cgu Bk[nf kt g go 1 s , X s , , \ s , ;l ];l jkv g kgj Li Bk[nf kt g O> cl g; g k;ke jkll 4Cgu hg g , , \ s , w , a T Sk;el g krgd go g nfkou;kyi g IifdS rfi d kXvk;el huiv rjkH a , , , s z s 4g uen hd g krkt yH jd nc [kv ]g k , q , w a a , rkt xy e suyH ksd uen 4krxy Cgu e ujd yg ksd rfFf Bg kni sl ue X w q X s q , qn ksd uen go 4g Cgu go krLi Bk[nf Cgu kt g g; dr ]g g; dtfksy kd q , \ s T Z , Z q q xejrq' udfy 4g krkt ksg Lkoy[f hH jk,v e Fkg d uen 4kxjd k;D x s , \ X s q s Z qejrq' l [kv nc udfy kF krdl hH Ly ]kF krdl hH xkH ]kF krdl hH q s a a s \ pc e [kv hy[ 4g krkt ksg jkted jkv l uy jd nc [kv xejr' dfc X a q , s , s s s a a Z q q q 4g Cgu krIef ueqn l suy jd nc [kv e rj l uy ki[ jlf d xejr' , s s a a X s s s s s Z q q q udfsy `g krdl ld ksg go krLi Cgu Bk[nf kt 4g Cgu go ]krLi Cgu Bk[ , s , \ s , \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 6 egaP

kuil hHl ct g hxk;gl rgc k;k; g; ksd henkv jH Ii dfkX;D g kuil , s q s s , hxntV cl 4tkjkge g rgd dhO ydycf hd g krgd henkv kjH Ii 4g d T s q , s , kujr[ rgc Syf d henkv [H udfy g hNv rgc rkc g; ksr Syf d hen q s s w s , q s kv syko suksg jH Ii 4g kuil dS hH kuksg kjH Ii jkv g kuil dS hH [H s s , s , , w 4Sgfkp hujd Cgu ''fksd hd uync ksd kuil s X `g k;D dG kr g suil hg kukn ct jkv ]g kuil dS hH hjhev g kuil d , Z s T X s , , , S hH hchjx kr g krLi Bk[nf jgkc kt g O> cl hd g g; rkc ksr hygi s , \ s , w , henkv g krgd go 4g h[j tks[ k;k; dS u rjkH udfy g hrksg Uiluf , , s s , l jkpof d henkv kFo; hjkl hd u/ ]g e Fkg d henkv kuIkc ksd u/ ] s s , X s a g e Fkg d henkv kujd kni u/ ]g krdl kt k;kIef ksd hchjx jkv henkv , X s , , , 4tkv ]g chjx l ykl kjkt , s X g g chjx rjkH lt krksg Cgu uk/kel ]g hrkg k;k; ]g hrkg u'yDS r , s , , s , s s kc go ksr g krjd hH rkc Bksd hHd jxv jkv g kgj jd Cgu hg rkc ]g kg , , , , j jd jkdb kd kykol d uoht rjkH `ykol k;D kd ujd yg ksr Skt k;nf a s X s s jd jkdb ksd ykol jkv g hrdl kt hd ''fksd hd ujd yg ksd ykol ksr a , , s Skt kuke hgl kd ykol `hxgj rjWt k;D hd lkdof d r<fx 4kxksg Cgu r s s s lfdof r<fx jGf e yd lm kr Cgu hg g kst jd yg k;D g k;ke ]g kFe X w s , X X , , f ykol gd jdOm spc jkl go jkv n ykol dS kd kXpc e yd dS eg X s , X s X w `hxkXg yg ld Sk;el ksr ksg k;yf Ldi kr s , a \ kj kd ujd jkdb u 0fc jxv jkv g hrksg yg Sk;el hd uoht sl 0fc ] s a s q , T a q l kHrfi 4kxjd yg ukd aSk;el hd uoht 4Cgu krkj Bksd kd ujd yg kd s z s , s X k;el hd uoht Syflb g kgj yef ukel ksd kHrfi h/ksjof uoht e rjkH , z X 4g rn ukel eg lm g uen kd uoht henkv kt 4k;nf jd jkdab ksd uo T s s s , q s ht u henkv lb dfkX;D k;nf jd xk; kd jkll u henkv lb dfk;D g rN s a s X T s w ji dlm eg 4g krkt ksg hukK go g kry jd Ohi Gjr hd hxntV henkv kt , s , , s s g rpksl eg 4g krkt ksg dek/ go g krkt Oc djd nc [kav henkv go T s , , , s a hd g r>el eg g rsn rgc hH jnkv ksd kxsky yko uOc djd nc [kav eg , s T s q X s s , s a 4g hOc djd nc [kav kHrfi hd , , s a z ukrqngV 4kd ukt Oc d jdnc [kv g ekd hg dS jGf Bx ksg rkel rkc s , s a a , ksr g Cgu hg FkF; g; jxv jk,v g rdl kt tks[ rkj d uync ksr kg ru , Z T s s s s s s s ke FkF; g ruke hg FkF; ksd dju lb kst g rdl ync hg xksy go ksd d Z T s Z T s ju lb ]kxync ukd ksd dju lb 4k;x ksg dju dS uoht kjkl ]g kriWd s , , q hurb ]g Z"?l kurb ]g Iyfluk,d urb ]g gyd kurb g [An urb e hxntV , a , s , T q s X 4kxjd jn uk,d ksd hjkehc ]kxjd jn uk,d s w s w ksd hchjx dfk;D kxSki jd jn Cgu jk,v k;ki jd Cgu jn ksd hchjx hH nkc X w w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 7 egaP

v g ed kjc dS hH kukpgi [Aqn ksd hldf g ed kjc dS hH kujd gksof , Z q qa T Z q kujd jkdhov g ed kjc dS hH kOp hd Igkync ]gj uk; g; g ed kjc , Z q s s , Z q dS hH rfka jkv aQd u ed jc Bksd hHv e go `g krdl jk/l ld e g , Z sq T wa q s , T o jk,v Cgu kri hH Bksd kdltf g krdl jk/l ksd et yxv e g krkj hg wa q s T , dS cv 4hxL\i huxksH e et lb s>e hchjx hdum F Sdf ed e et yNif s X q s Z X s 4hxLi huxskH uyt >e jkv kxy s \ s q , s t Fkg kje ksr g k;nf ykL Fkg e xkv jxv ue kxLi kuxksH yG kdum g s , X s T s \ T Sdf e et syNif sulm kst 4rdl kt sync Cgu cv ed jk,v g yG kd ked X s a Z , s dlm hchjx g g; rkc ksr hygi Syf d sukIef hchjx jd k;D henkv chjx , s s dS Cgu urojfi ]Cgu rfka ]Cgu Igkync g hrk[lf hrho Sk;k; hjkeg Z , a 4g Cagu krkj B , ksd d sujd jkdho ;kolf 4Skt k;df k;D Fkl d hchjx lb jGf krdl kt s s k;df Cgu hH Nd Fkl d et syNif jkv g Cgu kri Bkd kd et yxv cv q s , , s s 4g krdl xkH [l hH go e et yxv ksr henkv go 4jd u ed jc Xe e , s q X s X Z sq t lb ]kag 4kxL\i hg kuxksH ksr cv g krdl kt kync Cgu ksr cv ksd ked s , d ket syNif dfkX;D Bx ksg e[ rkc 4g chjx Syflb g Sdf ed jc ]g s X , T Z sq T Sdf iki jc e ket syNif sulm `g k;D chjx henkv 4ksn n k;k; Bskd Sy sq X X , X s f d ujd jkdb kd k;el hd hxntV hd g g; k;k; hd ykl kXjktg hjkeg s s a s , 4Sdf Cgu iki Fkl d kutjfg u kxksy d jH s X s X s ukrngV lt 4g gj xksH yG kdlm g Sdf iki kt Fkl d kutjfg u kxky q s , T s T s s X s X s d jkgcf hd kgd u ht h/kx ksr kLi ykdv e jkgcf 4g yG kd kXiki jkeg s s a \ X , s go kgj jxf Cgu huki 94g yG kd kXiki jkeg cl 4g kyko hg uksg8 ]kgd u h a , s , s s enkv jln 4kxkg ykdv gxt7gxt 4kxjxf Cgu huki hd g krLi eyke klS h s w s s , \ w s H ykl lb hd kgd u henkv dS jGf F gj jd nkoof l jn hLc kXuhr go s s s s s \ 4F xky [yf Pi kuhr 4F jk,v e cLf je henkv uhr kF e uI ltf e yd s s s s\ X s X s sX X s T `g rdl jd k;D eg Syflb ]g kgj xksH yG kd kiki d ket yNif u T s , X s X s s iv r hd gd ksd henkv chjx eg y tk[ Sk;k; Nd eg hd g chdjr hj w X X s a q , ln dS 4g Ow> cl n gd eg hd lki jkeg g chdjr dS eg ksr k; udfy w , X s , s Cgu l ujd jkdhov ksd ;l d rxt 4g krki ukt hH ksd kekeji hgo g k s s s , , ry ukt kt ksd ;l ji d rxt lb jkv g ;l go g hH kst e rxt lb 4 s s sw s , , , X , g Cgu ;lv hH Nd e rxt lb ]g Cgu ;lv g; ];l rgc g; g kgj L q X , q , i Bk[nf Gjr kjkp kt g; ]g ;l rgc g Fkni kt g; ]g ;l rgc jhj' \ X s , q , Z s , q ,g ;l rgc [H jk,v kxSkt gj k[H henkv k[H dfXk;D 4g ehGv ]g jgt k q w w w , , ;k; g; Syf d henkv [H udfsy g dhO k;k; g; Syf d henkv jH Isi s s w , s s `g k;D tg ksr g kuil hHl ct Skt kyp krjd k[H jkv kx , Z , w , a u ksd kxky ]Skt kyp krhi u[ kd kxksy ]Skt kyp krIy ksd kxksy go ksr g X s w X w X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 8 egaP

z em 4g krxy kri kd em jkv g krkt lki d henkv d ukv jkp uNwi em , z , , s s s s z henkv k[yf kPi g krNi em huiv l "frfk; Oc d rkj jkudf ]d ukv \ , w z s s s, s s s s s jkp hH henkv k[yf kPi kd kg; g Bg h[yf e ;kH em hd rjkH hF Cgu \ a , q X z Bg h[yf e ;kH em hdum g "o OlLv em rlkv hdum tkv hF "o lB q X z , Z \ z , Z s z r em rlkv hd kago cr Bg rfka e lW e 4g Bg h[yf Cgu em e , q X X , q z X ;kH d kdjfev ]g Bg h[yf Cgu em e ;kH d Lyjtho ]g Bg h[yf Cgu s s , q z X s X , q z X em e ;kH dlm jGf g Bg h[yf em e ;kH jkeg Glf g hrkt hyp hr s , q z X s Z , Pc em e k;ufn hjkl g kvg k[yf kurb e ;kH 3rgd eg ksr g ed em h \ z X q , q X s , z d henkv jxv k;kOm Cgu hg ykol ueg kd ujd yg hd Cgu yg k;el hH s s Bksd hd Cgu yg k;el hH dS sueg e lkgrfb d kykl jktg pki Syflb X s X a 4g Snf jd jkdb hg ksd k T a X vk;el jdkjc? l kXvk;el eg df hd rkc lb g ckj' go jk,v g hOc Sg s , , , q Shi ckj' hd gjr dS kHrfi hji hd rjkH g h[j hi ckj' hd gjr dS z w , u rjkH 4k;nf jd <jeof kdlm k;x yH ksdlm k;nf jd O> ulm d hi c s w w s s kj' kr lm g kuync kd hxntV ltf dfk;D krdl ync Cgu kd hxntV henk s s , s X s v kvg k;if ckj' 4Cgu hg g aSk;el g kgj gd g; kr go 4g kgj jd jkd q , , s , b kvk;el ksr go ]kxjd yg ksd kvk;el ld henkv hckj' dS krdl kt a X s X s , k;hd Cgu yg kd kXvk;el jGf cr jkv hy hi ckj' u ek,d hji g k;df ek s , s w , d Cgo dgd Ow> ksd hxntV e rjkH ji g krjd kt henkv dS d hi ckj' s s X sw , s s 4g kgj jd Skim kd uyH ksd kvkrpV hd hxntV hjkl , s w X d hi ckj' go g kgj jd Ow> k;ufn hjkl d hi ckj' go `g kgj jd k;D s , q s , d hi ckj' henkv go g kujd ektrb kd kon u ]hd hjkehc u ]g krpV hd s T a , hui u cv g e te go jk,v g Ow> k;ufn hjkl g O> hH ukde g O> hH , X s , q , w , w hui g kOc d hi ckj' henkv go g hLi chjd d uje hui jk,v g krki k , , s T \ s s , ojd Cgu tkyb go jkv ]g krki ky Cgu kon go jk,v g jkehc hui hd hen , , , kv dS g hrxy suLi eyke O> g hrxy uL\i eyke kuil rchle d hi ckj , \ w w , s w q s ' hd g krsy hi Syflb ckj' henkv `g kry hi k;D ckj' henkv hd g kp , , s X , ksl u ikv hHd g kry hi ckj' jkv g krksg e rchle rgc henkv dS slt s , s , , T q q , 4 Cgu pl cl g; ]g kuil cl g; ]g kgj yp y[ cl g; g k;ke cl g; kx , , s , s \ Li ku>el ksr k;el Skt ksg uOfd rgc jxv jkv kxLi kuy> ksd k;el ] q , s \ s hxLi huxksH hchjx k;x gj Cgu Skim Bksd kd uync kd hchjx lb jGf Sku s \ s s c u chjx s>e e et yxv hd Wd kuFki l ukoxH jkv xksH skd hchjx hu q X s a Z z s , wa iv e hd g krkj hg dS cr 4kxpgi [An e ujkrm gm g jkol ji hrkN T , s qa q X s X , hd hxntV xky kt kxspgi [An ksd kxky Nd ksr g kuync ksd hxntV jxv jk s s qa q X s q , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 9 egaP

je jrhH d jhj' lb 4g krdl kt k[j kntV dr ;el cy hg urdf ksd s , s a s jhj' lb hd g krxy klS jd[n kd jhj' sd henkv hd g rgd ksr dufkKo , s s s T s , 4g Cgu rjWt hH Bksd , hd sukt je rDoc d henkv hldf 4g Cgu rjWt hH Bkd hd ukg kni yy7L s s , s s s , s w s xy d henkv hldf ]Cgu rjWt hH Bkd hd uksg kni /av d henkv hldf kr \ s s s , s s s s \ Lc ukK kd henkv jkv g e ukKv henkv dfk;D g hgj hrksg rkc hjkl g; , , X X , X 4 Cgu d ukoxH jk,v ;kH ketf hH Bksd g; ket s f kd ukoxH kd ;kH cl ksr ksg kni henkv kukd ]ksg kni henkv k/av ]hd u , , koxH hjkehc ]hd ukoxH em hd g rgd eg jk,v g k[j tks[ kjkgl kd uko z T s , xH Syf d u[j Skuc hg klo kdlm jk,v jFf g Bx kg hlt g kdlII kt s s , s , s , , s s s kdlm g hl,t hxntV ueg g k[j jd nH dS akg; ueg udfy g kgj jd hg , s , s s s T o hH e rjkH jk,v g kgj jd hgo hH e lka jkv g kgj jd hgo hH Xe lW X , X , , 4g kgj jd hgo g gj jd hH kst eg g lgf hg dlm eg g Cgo eg , T s T s s T dfk;D Cgu hH Skim Bksd jk,v lki dlm rDjfrfv d kjk} jkeg g krjd kjk X s s s , } jkeg g krjd hH kst go 4kjk} jkeg g kgj jd hg ukoxH hH g; ksr xXjd s , s , s kni ed spc eg jxv ]sxn kIef hchjx eg jxv ]xy jd hL\c em eg jx , X s X z v g kgj jd Cgu jdksg xyv leg go ]g kgj jd hgo l kXFkg jkeg g kgj , s , s s , jd ekd g kvg kOc jrhH jkeg hH go g gj jd rkc eg hd ukoxH ltf , q , s T s X 4g Cgu /cl Bkd llb kd ukoxH g hIm Bkpl u T a a s s , dfy ksg krkyp lc ji kjksted kt g Cgu rjWt Bksd hd ukoxH lS jk,v g s X s , s s , kryp ji k>el u jkv jksted Glf lc kd ukoxH hd g krLi eyke klS X , Z , \ w s s kr k; g kryp lc kd ukoxH hg ji eg 4g ujd kni pc urdf hd g sr , T s , s s T jd ;r go 4kryp Cgu lc Bksd kd ukoxH g krksg eyke ji lka 4hy jd , w refhl k;l huiv su lk ]kxy jd refhl k;l huiv ukikt g rn iksF ji a a s a T s s kXrk0lf spM7pM d jkll ]ji ;kH ]ji ukoxH eg kd lm g rgkp kuync a a s a s a s T s Cgu eg hH kt 4kjkeg g LbkexuVd rgc g ydf'e hutks[ kHrfi ukeBc k s , a q , q z s nk; l eg pc g krn ukoxH ksr go rgd eg g hrkt hyp hrP\c k;lut s s , s s , a , g ;r ksr em hd g k[j uke sueg jkv g Oc jdy kd k;el hd em e ' z , , T s, s s z X n lb eg udfy 4g krn jd rkel ksd uoht dum ec dS ]e jH hL? d s s , s s X S g rkt je henkv jktg lhc [ky dS 4hxksg rkc hd xk;l go ksg hgj ksg T s s a rkel kago unf lm k[j hd em hd henkv nkv7dS hlhd hg n;k' 4hF hrskg s z Cgu rkel hd hHl ]hF hrksg Cgu rkel unf hlm Sk[j hd Fkg d um y a s s s [n jdkOm Fkg d kxksy jktg lhc [ky dS um 4hF Cgu ukel Sk[j hd F s s X a s kg d cl um Sx je henkv jktg lhc [ky dS kjxf ec eIS ji kehlkjhg s s 4g krdl kt k;df kIkN ksd em ]g krdl kt k;df kcy ksd zem ]g kr , s z , a , dl kt kync ksd em g hrdl kt hd hH hurdf em ]g hrdl ksg hH hurdf z , z ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 01 egaP

Wt Bksd hd ujd 0lf ksd ;l g hrLi rjWt hd ujd 0lf hg kd ;lv s , \ s s Glf e Ifn hje g rL\i sun nkoof jkv Ie;jkv jk,v dr g rLi u[yf _k Z X 1 s T s s , X w Z T s \ s ' Syf d ujd 0lf kd ;lv Cgu rjWt Bksd hd ujd 0lf lm g kr ;l s s s s s , s 4g hrLi rjWt hd ujd 0lf hg kd ;lv Glf hrksg Cgu rjWt , \ s s Z Bksd hd ujd 0lf kd ;l hd g g; ksr pl 4g krdl kt k;df 0lf g chd s s , , T X jr hd ujd 0lf 4g ;lv rxt hd k;nf jd 0lf ulm jkv k;x k;kyc Xe s , s , q jkcjn d ktkj dS g ;lv rxt kF krgd kt ksd duf'kn dS g kuql uTe s , s Z , s 4F rdl n Cgu jR s s s m gjr lb u'ukst ksr krkg kvg kni e rjkH go jxv kF Cgu dkykp kurm s q , X ydjc udfsy `kg Sx Oc kX;D jd Ldi j,i 4g O> hH Iksp jk,v g O> hH j s s , \ , w , w Fi ]g O> cl 2kOm 4jd Ldi j,i ksg Sx Oc kX;D kgd u u'ukt kxy ugc , w s \ , s s u[ l ji k;x Oc jd Ldi ji sydjc k;nf dIi ji ji d ydjc jdkOm w s , , \ , , s s jFi dr jkuhd d rkj su u'ukt kL g O> cl g kgj Li Bk[nf kt cl s s s , w , \ s hd kxy ujd rkc go e rkj ji rkj dS kF kyduf ue? Fkl d u'ukt s X s s s w s jIDkL go g k;ke cl ]g O> cl kF krgd go ]ydjc kF djkpof txv dS , , w s zs a 4g rkc hd ujd 0lf , s Bksd hH g; kxLi kujd 0lf hH kd FkF; d hxntV hd g rkc hd ;pkv u s \ s Z s , Z s rdf jk,v g FkF; dS hxntV 4kxsyp Cgu ekd l uNi l kxky yko ugd k; , Z s s w s X s s s ke ksd hxntV jkv kxyp Cgu ekd l ugd k;ke kd hxntV kxyp Cgu ekd sl , s s s s s ujd jkdb kxyp Cgu ekd l ethidlS kxyp Cgu ekd l u;kyi kxyp C s a s s s s s s gu ekd l uxkH g; go ]ycfyfi ]g krgkp kugd l ikv rkc hygi eum s s s wa s X 4g Bx ksg hOOdb go l gto hdutf n ync u ksd krk0lf rHjk/kv T . s X X a w eg dr ct 4XxSki jd Cgu yg eg ksd um jkv g ji hrkN hjkeg >ksc kd a , , cl um Bx hyp hrksg hOOdb aSk;el hjkl go g ntke hH k;el hd uket . , w , s lm k;x uc Ist jk,v g nwtk,e hH k;el hd uket lm hF huc ct hLkxyc , s \ , 4hd Cgu hg yg ueg k;el s Bksd bx hyp hrksg hOOdb Sk;el cl 4g k;nf kxy jP kd kvk;el e k"o . a , s X X jktg pkai e rjkH dfk;D 4Cgu lki d 'n hldf d k;ufn hurm g Sk;el X X s s s q T a hurtf lki d rjkH Bx hyp hrkg hO.Odb Sk;el Bx Cgu Ief Sk;el sl s s a a ukt pc Sx pc lum dgd y;hjuv dgd FkF; tkv kd kvk;el huiv s s s s Z s X eg 4g gj jd kuekd hd sukt je hnt ikv hd g cyre kdlm dfk;D 4kx T s , X Skt ksg tkjku henkv go kun nkoh'kv k;tf "o kl er hd kugd g; kd hl s Z s Z , q s df e lW tkv 4hF "o jROOv kl dS em hdltf Bg ;e hd h_ dS hHv X Z . , z q q 1 Pc kLdl d em hd "o k,l Ps\L u lW s w\ X \ T s z Z s tkv Cgu hg je jhj' hd Cgu hIcfhIoSub Bksd Cgu kr;koufv Bksd hd ukt s Z s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 11 egaP

ji g; krgd l u'ukt kL go kr Cgu 4kF Cgu kri g; ksd ydjc udfy , s s s s 9`k;D kuksj kdlm g ;lv hH hFkg kr g ;lv Nd hHl ct g ;lv hH X , s , q , g; k;kpc >e uikv 4g ;lv Nd hHl g ;lv hH g; g udL/ kt g; s q s , q , , \ s hje jkv kF ;lv hH go kF kgj kypf henkv kst go jkv kF ;lv hH hF s , , kg tkjkge8 ]kgd kurb su lkn lm 9kF ;l hFkg g;8 ]df kgd llm u ktk s s j 4g hgj dL/ hrkN hdlm g gj gc lkav dlm l [kv ksg kuhli7kuhli go , \ T s w s s a 4g k;x k;kpc l hFkg slm yd , s 'ekc jGf g kgj lg jkv g kL q , a , , [ jiM d yge uiv ktkj g kgj kLxfL\xf Lkt Fkg uekl d ktkj go g kg \ s s , \ s s\ s s , j kypf dufZ'kn go g kgj xkH Nhi dlm hFkg go 94kxMkt je e ksvkpc , s s a T >e8 ]df g krLks\t ji Fkg g krxkH g krkypf duf'kn go k;x k;nf LkN s q , , , , Z s\ s kd duf'kn lm jk,v k;x k;nf LkN hFkg yxki go ji rkj Sx Syf jd nc Z s\ s a jk} cl 4k;x k;kv y hFkg yxki go ji tkojn d yge 94kn Lks\N uekl d s s s s s s hFkg yxki kd duf'kn lb jk,v kvkv y ksd hFkg yxki lm8 ]df kgd ksd s Z s s kXrokge suiv sulm 4kF hFkg yxki dS lki d ktkj lm 9Skt ksg jkv xk;i s , s z hj[kv SjfgO udfy8 ]kagd ulm 9g k;ke cl k;x uke e8 ]kgd u ktkj lm s s , T s 4g k;ke cl rxt g Cgu df k;df , , 0lf l kdr hg Lc su djkpof su dufkKo lm krdl kt kgd Cgu Nqd g kr s s \ , , gd pl go g krgd kst Fkg hd y uke eg ld jkv `ukt uk,d `g kgj gd , X s , , s , O> k; g kgj gd pl Fkg ukt ;kt k;df klksjH k;D kd jc[ lm ]g hrd w , s s , l ksg hH pl jc[ go ]hrdl ksg hH O> jc[ go ]g hrkt jrhH jc[ jkv w , , g krN Fkg ksd ikv Cgu krN ksr e ]g Fkg krN hd g rgd duf'kn go hH , w w T , w T s Z s wa kr g krdl [n jd N ksd ikv e hd gd eg jxv Cgu k; hH g ikv hd g s w T X T , Cgu kri Bksd >e kdikv g rLi Bk[nf _pf >e Xe krykg kuksn `g k;D dG s q T s \ s q X X , Z e kuskn g rLi Bk[nf ikv hH e unf 4g rLi Bk[nf ikv hH e uil rkj X X T s \ X T s \ X s 4kr skg Cgu dG Bkd g gj Li Bk[nf cv gjr ltf g rLi Bk[nf gjr hlb g sr Z s T s \ T s \ T Li Bk[nf xky s>e hH cr g kr[n kuil ksd rkj `kri k;D >e Cgu k; g k \ s q wa s s q , a go xky Nd g; 4g Sg Oc kg; xky Nd hd g kgj Li Bk[nf _pf jrhH d s q T q s, a s q , \ s [kv hje >e Glf Cgu k; g kago ikv Cgu kri g kgj [n ksd ikv e g ru a s s q Z , wa s T , s kt _pf g rukt lpDif g rukt eg hH kt srdl Cgu hg ukt eg ksd kthp T s Z T s s X 4srdl ukt Cgu kdum g hlt Xthp hH hHd eg hd g g; ksr dr kygi `d s , , , Z s s ujd 0lf ;lv g k;D dr 4g ;lv cl kgd ulm jk,v Snf dr Lc u d T Z , s Z s \ s jkpof lm 4xXLi un dr Lc xXLi ujd lk;i Lc jGf kr ksg kujd 0lf g; s \ s s Z s \ s \ s z s \ s 4g Cgu jkohn jxv udfy g rukt , s T s ikv go 4g jkohn hd Cgu rjWt Bksd hd ujd 0lf rkc g; hrLi Cgu rj T s \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 21 egaP

4g kryp kd k;ufn Lbke Lj LF jkv Lj Ldfl kjkeg g kry , s q a s Z , s a , , p kd k;ufn Lbke Lj IG kd um 4sxSkt syp rLNif k'eg rdl jd Cgu s q s a s \ s s kyckde kd de hH hldf d k;ufn eg Syflb 4g hrkyp kd uoht kHrfzi h q q s q T s d Ifkd eFi hd kde jln d k;ufqn 4g hrkyp kd jkll kHrfi hd Ifkd ; s z X q s w s T s a z s hrr jkv ;hr}f g hrkt hyp yxt go g kHrfi kt hd Ifkd eFi hd rjkH 1 , , a , z s s z 4I>> g; SkOm ukd g krgd go g krkt xkH yxt hyk'kHrfi kd rj a , , , a z kH 4g rjd ''fkd hd uync kd I>> xky hyk'kHrfi d k;ufn `I>> g; T s s s s a s z s q a SkOm ukd g krgd go g krkt xkH yxt henkv hyk'kHrfi kd rjkH Syf , , , a z lb g k;nf jd jkdb l ukOm I>a> u kHrfi hd rjkH `I>> g; SkOm ukd , a s s s z a , 4xLi utk[ SkiM d s X \ s s s uync ]hxLi hujd kIp hd uync kxLi kujd eJ ji ujd jkdho 4krLi k s s \ s s s \ s \ ujd Cgu hH Nd e ujd jkdb g krLi kujd ~ ~ ~ kujd jkdho dfk;D 4g q X s a , \ X , krkg uklkv k'eg kun jd jkdb jkv g rdl jd jkdb kd thp jg eg Xl s s s a , T s a s ltf Bx xy Fkg chdjr hlS dS 4Bx xy Fkg chdjr dS Xeg 4g ;lv c s , l hd k;nf jd jkdhov ueg kvg hH kt 4Sx kg Fel e un jd jkdhov s q s s Z X s s kd kvk;el hHl hd hxntV eg <jkd d Ifn lm g ntke hH cv Ifn go s X s 1 , w , 1 4k[j ekyqx dr ykl kjktg kd rjkH hg su Ifn hd jrhH yko ukrc k;ke k X s 1 s s s d rxt lm kyko sukrc k;ke kd rxt 4g k;df 0lf u'n uoht kt e rjkH s T Z s X 4g Cgu dG Bkd `g r{fk' ukd ]g d'k' ukd ]g krkg r , Z s , , , , s , , s tfkji ukd g krjd ;kj ukd 4g Cgu dG Bkd `g krOc ji ulkglV d hy , T , T Z s , , s nf ukd 4g Cgu dG Bkd `g krjkg ukd ]g krrht ukd 4g ;lv hH rht ] ,s , Z s , , , , , g ;lv hH jkg kr g ;lv hHl ct kF u'n kd rjkH ]hF hGlkyGf hd r , s , Z s jkH hF Cgu hjkted hd rjkH e jkg lm kjkg e uk' hd kuen rjkH g kr s X X X q , gj kryp cl g; g jkll cl g; g k;ke cl g; lk;l /kl kd rjkH jkv , a , a q , 4kuc ekyx kvg rtfkji rjkH Skv ueqn q q ji rjkH kr Syf hlb j,kv k;hd Cgu yg hH Nd jdgd ;lv u rjkH 4hxk s q s s X g gxt huiv Sk;el kxkg jkehc ]jkehc ]kxkg chjx ]chjx hH l ujd nc a s s s s a [akv je kxkg dG k;D hH cr udfy g ;lv kt kdlm n LkN yk;[ ]g ; s X s Z s , s wa s\ , lv kt lm Mkt yH ]g ;lv kt y jd nc [kv e hd g g; go jkv g u s s a w , s wa a a T , , , k/kel dS Glf l sugd ;lv kd hxntV g k;D uk/kel l ugd ;lv kd h Z s s , s s s xntV g g; ykol `kxkg k;D yg l ugd ;lv kd hxntV hxkg gxt hd k; , s s s s s el ]k;el ]kxkg gxt hd [n ][qn ]hxkg gxt hd hjkehc ]hjkehc ]hxkg g s q s s xt hd hchjx ]hchjx 4g hrkt hyp hl,o hd hlo hxntV g hrync kgd hxnt , , , a V llm `g krkg k;D yg llm udfy g krdl kt k;df 0lf ;lv Nd hHl s , s s s , q 4g ;lv Nd hHl g ;lv hH g; kjke jFi u ikv , q , s g; g ;lv hH g; g kOc jd Ldi e g; g ;lv hH g; g kgj gc u[ Xe , wa , \ T , , w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 31 egaP

4g Cgu T dhGhIbkl Lbke kdum hH jGf udfsy g gj Pi lbkl pc 4g Cgj kt Bk>e , s \ s T l htkykuDI e ukrngV g hgj ksg xuVI g kgj ksg <{'f dufkKo e ukrngV , s , X q T s T , X q 4hrync Cgu hGlkyGf hd uoht d ukrngV kGlyGf kd ukrngV s q q dr ct kxkg Cgu kni dr cr ukKof e ukrngV 4g krgd d pksl rgc g ss , X q wa s q wa krgd l <jkd Nd e jk,v kgj kg Cgu kni hH hHv ukKof e ukrngV 3df s q T s , X q g krgd e jkv g gj ksg kni dufkKo urdf g gj jd u;;v kd ukKof xk wa T , T s , , s T X s y urdf ewyke u e ukrngV 4g gj kg hlS hL ]g gj ksg hlS eS ]g s X q T s s T s T gj kg ISqtx d ukKof ]g gj Pi ukKof pc urdf hd eyke u jkeg `g s s zs s T s \ s s w s wa kgj gd rkc k;D g; e hd sxgd ikv 4hgj ksg Cgu kni lbkl hH tkv Xe r T X , jkH 4g hdl ksg Cgu kni lbkl e rjkH Syflb Cgu ykol kd ujd 'oi kr , , X s s z s 4g ;lv hxntV udfy g lbkl eku k T s , d kyd hd ujd 'ozi e ;l d hxntV 4g kujd 'oi jrhH eg d ;l lm s s X s , s z X s jkv g ;l hxntV df g g; cyre kd lbkl 4krksg Cgu kni ukKof kago g , , , , T sruke y;hjuv g ruke FkF;v ksd hxntV kt g ruke FkF; kd hxntV kst g T s Z s T s Z s , krkg kni kago ukKof dfkX;D 4kdl kg Cgu g; udfy 4F rdl jd kn,i tkel s , s s s s dufkKo kLc knk; lcl e k;ufn eg n;k' 4g hd ukt ks[ hd uy jd nc , \ s X q T s s s a [kav ]g Cgu hd ujd Z"?l jkv suync kd uoht ]Cgu hd u>t l uoht k' T s a , s s w s nf hd kHrfi ]g hd uxkH k'nf hd kHrfi udfy 4g Cgu kHrfi ed lki d z T s z s T z s utvkxku k; jd' k; ]jhokge 0c Bksd hF Cgu hed hd kXvkHrfi lki jkeg qZ a q z s 4dl jd Cgu kni uIu; hH dS ]dl jd Cgu kni uhIubkv hH d s , w s , S eg 4g kri eg kdlb g Sx xkH xky d Ifksd eFi urdf l ukrngV 4kx T X T s s z s s q ksg kjln ydycf lkgrfb kd k;ufn cv <jkd d ukt xkH d henkv dS Gl w q q s s s Z f 4kF krdl uc hH e huet eIS go 4d huet jk,v d ukikt Snf kodIf u X Z s Z s s I? su eIS hlm jkv Bg hji jdkt e kdjfev go hF hryp e huet /k' q , q w X s X Z s hd eIS kst go 4k;x pgi kdjfev henkv go 4k;x ksg <jkd kd uync ksd qa s s lkgrfb jkl kuxkH l huet kd kHrfi hd Ifkd eFi dS djkpof dS udfy s s Z z s z s `tkv krksg kld k'Du kd k;ufn hd rdl jd Cgu hg kuid eg , q s krksg kjln ydycf lkgrfb kd k;ufn kr rrht huet jk,v ukikt jkv krrh w q q s s Z , t jyIgf jxv 4kxksg hg jkv cv lkgrfb kd k;ufn jkl 4kuc e kdjfev go , q s X s kF krdl uc e huet eceIS kt hd kvg g; ek<jfi kd un kxH sl huet X Z s q s s Z ksd uhIubkv dS 4krksg kjln lkgrfb kd k;ufn n;k' ksr krksg k;x k;kxH w q u l huet uhIubkv henkv dS kF krdl ksg kxkg Cgu kri ksd ikv n;k' s Z s 4g krkt ksg LcL\x Nd cl ksr aSkt xkH jkp7ksn jxv djkpof d Ifkd eFi , \ q s s z g krxkH ksr djkpof kd Ifkd eFi kjkeg 4rdl kg Cgu L[ uekl dum eg , s z s s s \ s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 41 egaP

g; ]g j;ufhtb henkv g; cv 94g hrLi hukdIy Syflb Skt xy u jtu , a T \ ksd ukde8 ]df kgd sukgm ]g k;D g; kNi ue 4kvg kuc kjgp kd henkv X , w s T q s jkv g Sg sxy kgjxo ykc jiM d hkag jk,v hykd g hdIy hkag dS uekl , T q , s , s e ukde Su hd k[n kIkd krhG kdum k;x e 4n jd uIk?nm kd ukde du X s T wa s m hd kgd l>e 4k;kuc ukde kNv rgc j;ufhtb Lc d ckti g j;ufhtb s q q a s \ s a T a dS go 4k;kuc ukde kLc dS su _ef dS kF hHv e j? dS e j/ykt Te \ X X a 94krdl ksg Cgu et kd ukKof hH hHd e de lb ksr kxpksl gjr X q s lb jxv xkenf kd de ji udfy 4g Cgu kZtg Bksd kr re hg ksyduf sl j q sw s T s ? nkc d dCN lb cv kvkt dQ ydycf ksr er ] Cgu ykol kd udQ jkg s s q q s s qr 4g Bx dQ kHrfi hd de ji g Cgu ykol kd udQ jkgr ]k;x Lxcf N T z q sw , s s q \ d rgc8 ]kgd lum ue 9`k;x L\xcf k;D 4g k;D tg kr Sx hH dQ g k;D q q s s T , Z s , hg tg ]kg udfsy ]rgd dhO ikv kg8 ]kgd ukXgm kr k;nf kOm ui ue ct Z a s a s s z s T jk,v k;nf gd l>e Cgu hg kOm ui g; 4kOm Cgu e ue dum ui g; ud s q z X s z fy Cgu 4g krdl ksg /cl k;D kd udQ l ukv dhN hd rpkl Nd go y s T a a s s s s s q s gi l udksj s>e kr 4Cgu Lbke dhGhIbkl lki dum udfy g rIj krksr go s s q s s s T a , g k;yf [hl ukXgm cl go g hun kon kayG e hjkehc kyG `kukxy sld jr s T s X a , u df ]hy [hl sukgm kt htkykuDI hd gjr dS go 4g kgj yp ekd kukn X s , s , , X s Fkl dS go 4g gj yp Fkl dS kuksn go g drfke <hekx kst go kdum j T s X , z , , kv g Gjr dS hjIDkL go ]g Lc jIDkL go udfy 4g krdl ksg ld jIDkL T s \ s , s , henkv go g krdQ l ukv dCN henkv kst dfXk;D 4rdl ksg Cgu jIDkL er , s s s q 4kF Sgfkp kun n jkjd eqt ksd hjIDkL hjkgr jk,v Sgfkp uy uhN IDGfhIl s s Z q s s s jkl jkgr jkv Sgfkp kukt k;df kL[ uekl dlm hxkg ryknv e pl Bkd s X q , \ s s s X s unf hldf jxv lki d ukrngV ksr gr 4krdl kt k;df Cgu Gke gr kF s q X q X q krdl kt k;df Gke ksr krgd g; <hekx kd okax dS kg gj gd hg; hH eqr z s s 9`g krksg k;D <jkd kd ukv d dCN hd kg rukt rfk , s s s s a H7hyH er jkv ksg jIDkL er jkv `g /cl k;D kd udQ je l lb Skv dC q , q , , a a s ss s N ksd hpc hjkgr8 ]kgd ue 94g Bx kv dCN ksd hpc Cgu r[n ikv8 ]kg q s T T s s d sulm 9`k;D8 ]kgd ue 94Sbkt dQ Iuef dS8 ]kgd u jIDkL Lc lm 4Bx X s T s s \ kv dCN ksd hpc hIskN hdum hd kF kgj hg yduf Te Xe pki dum yduf j Z s s s gkc Syf d ukt sy e xIVe >e go g Skv jd y k;hxLf l epfi g gj L s s X s q T s a z s T s yb 4F u;'fhtGf Lc dS go ]kF ukege e j? d jIDkL dS e Rdyd Te T a s s \ s X s X s 4kxLi Bk[nf Cgu /ksjof Bkd ]kxLi Bk[nf Cg s \ s s \ u u'DhLkId Bkd lm e Lkt Fkg suekl d jnfe d ht ukeug jk,v kuPi kd a s X s\ s a s q \ lbkl kdlm kuPi kd hl S hc kdlm 4kxSkt ksg kL[ d Lkt Fkg uekl \ \ s s\ s d jnfe d ht ukeug rDo d k{hji jk,v kdLy dS g kgj Pi hl S hc s a s q s \ , \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 51 egaP

Bd ksr phc jkeg dfc g gj pkl hgo eg 4kvg Cgu rlfdof xkv sl hLkx s T s s q s \ yc xP\ kjkeg kd supkl g xP\ kst kd supkl 4g hg kyko hLkx yc go g xP\ , a s , a s , \ , , a kst kd upkl jkeg hH hHv jkv 4Cgu klksjH Bksd hH kdlm ]hxksg h[hl hHd s s s , s ueg go k; hd jkdofv ueg hH hLkxyc Cgu kri jkv k;df Cgu jkdofv s \ , , Bksd ueg nkc d hLkxyc n;k' 4g jk/m cl go g k[hl ueg hH kst k;df s s \ , , T s Cgu kni ukKof kd gjr hldf 4g k;df kni ukKof kd gjr ldf e kykl AN , , , X X k; pkai ueg 4g krkv l ukKof /ks' kjkl ]kd 0fel ]kd Fko ]kd uoht s , s 1 4ksg u/ kd gjr hldf gkp ]g krksg kni s , , s l ukKof u/ ]kg rDf' hd gjr hldf gkp g hrksg kni rDf' l ukKof 4,g hr s s , , s ksg kni l ukKof rDf' ]g krkt ksg uhgrDf' jh/7jh/ tkel go ]Cgu dufkK , s , s s ,o tkel kst jkv `stks[ e;uf dlm uk,d `tk[ uukd dlm uk,d `jd jkd , s s s w s s ofv uk,d kd k;gj dlm `Skt ukd uukt kdlm `jd uk,d tk[ hdlm ksr X s , s s s s 4g Sg Oc djd jkdb hg kdlm eg Gjr kXjkp g kuksg kd Fkni kd jIe kt T q s, s a s , Z , s go 4g kRl hd Fkni kst go kd uoht g FkF; kst go ]g hIyf;jf kst df , Z T Z T s uoht jkv rxt ueg <jkd kd sukg u ]<jkd kd ukg u urpV dufkKo jkv , s s s s , , g Cgu urpV dufkKo lki jkeg g Oc Sg yH rkc hnk;ufc eg dfk;D 4x T , s T s, q s w q X s gj sNhi eg kr sxLk,\n hg kurdf eg ]rdl ksg Cgu L[ uekl dum hH hHd X s X s s \ s s eg n;k' 4xgj sNhi hg knl eg hd g krLi eyke klS cv 4xSkt yduf s s , \ w s s a xkv rgc l eg go dr cr sxSki jd ydu eg dr ct udfy 4xy kuc hH s q s a s s X eg djd ydu hdlm sxaSkuc Nd e epfi go `g krdl ksg k;D sl ydu s q X , ]krksg Cgu kni ukKof hH hHd l ydu jk,v g rdl jd ydu hd epfi eg , s T s 4krdl kg Cgu knk; l ydu ukK s s of kjkeg Syflb 4g hgj ki ksg Cgu kni kHrfi dufkKo e kekv hd rjkH u , , z , X dfsy g hgj yp k{'f hd ukKof e rjkH 4Cgu ;k; d lkoof henkv g; 4C , X s s gu klksjH Bksd kdlb g krdl jd hH Nd jdkt g; ]g krdl kouc thckr , q T g; 4kxSkt ksg dufkKov , ydycf g; kxOm ykol kd hxntV kagt jkv kxjd jkgo; gjr hd dufkKo q s , s , dS g; e /cl d sukuc ukde xky gkyl llb dr kgt henkv g; g k;x X a a s s s s a , II e kXlgf kn 4g hIuli Ihueub dS jrhH dlb 4g kd dufkKo drfe w X s , , Z s , , kd jiM dlm jkv g kd dek/ ukji ksd jrhH klgf dnfkg kdlb 4g rkc s , , s q Z T dkur[ hLc g; jk,v g kd dufkK,o <{'f jk,v g hd dek/ ksr kFkv lki \ T , s dlb ]g Cgu klkKtf hd dufkK,o lki dlb 4g Cgu jkpof pksl kd dufkKo T s , , lki dlb 4kdl uc Cgu kekv hdlb ukKof udfy k;yf >el rr kd ukKof s s a s u henkv lb 4g u;'fhuDI henkv g; rdl gd Cgu dufkKo kd henkv lb , , s , s 2g hrxy jtu ksd ukde 4Skt xy u jt , u g krn kdIy hkag dS suekl d ukde jk,v g krkuc ukde jknuk' henkv , s s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 61 egaP

, kl 4Skt ksg kuje hj[kv XLi kuIky u jGf ]Li kukt u jGf FL IehIv hd \ , s \ , s s gj Ni krkj kd suje lS jkv g gj Ni krkj kd uje go Glf g n' kN w s s , T s w s Z , v {kse 4Glf ]g n' kNv {ke ]Sbkrc krkj kd {ke g rNi xky kst go Z , s s T s w s 4S bkrc krkj kd suje ]ld We ]pc ld l uoht df g hrNi jdkg hL[ ji s , a w s , s , w s \ jk} d uoht hdLy hd ykl gnk,p 4Mki ld lj kd uoht ]nukv kd uoht ] s \ a s , a wa s , ;ht ld ksd uoht 4Mkt ld e uoht df Sbkrc krkj kd uoht hd Sgfp k a s , X uNi ksd hdL\y hd ykl gnk,p hHv 4Sbkrc krkj Bksd klS Mkv u e uoht w s a X hd g hrNi go ]hdLy hd ykl gnk,p 4Sbkrc krkj kd jkdIN l uexkokv , w \ s q s s q >e ikv hd kgd jdkv l>e su hdLy hd ykl gnk,p dS kF e jxuokH Te s q \ X 4Skt yef hN l uoht cd ]Skt ksg kjkd q s IN l uexkokv cd ]Mkt ksg e[ cd df g kryp okgc g; jrhH d hen q s a , s kv jg 4g kNv ksr Skt ksg e[ cd ksg eyke [l hg rjxf kr Li jxf cd , w q s s s \ hd g kgj yp lS henkv jg 4g Sg [j ji jlf dlm Lk\gi urdf eyke u T s s T q s s s w df g kvg kcn klS henkv jg g kvg kjH l >ksc jkv lknm henkv jg 4kr , q s , q s , Li Bk[nf Cgu hH Nd klS g rhx Bksd e kX<ki dlm hd ]g lkrm Bksd Xe ; \ q s , X z s , n dlm df ]g ex Bksd e ji dlm df g kgj xksH lj kd uht henkv Bk s , X , s , s s d hd gd lj kd uoht kXdltf eg e hxntV u ]g krLi Bk[nf rnfukv henk X X , \ a v Bksd u ]g krLi Bk[nf Uli henkv Bksd e de lb Syflb jkv g kykL , \ z X q , , jke chjd7chjd eg su kvk;el hjkeg g kykL jke eg chjd chjd ukgm X X , X s X 4hxn jd k;g hjkeg aSk;el hjkeg k; hxLi hujd yg Sk;el X X \ a huiv eg kr k; e rxt yko ukv cv jkv xdl Cgu ht eg jd gj rhH;H X s X s s , s X udfsy ]e jkc d k;ufn lm rukt Cgu hH Nd eg dfk;D g krxy ;H eg X s s q s q X T X g krxy jL eg 4hrksg eyke Cgu k{jl hjkeg kago ksd uiv g rki r{fjqlv , X w q s T s eg e k;ufqn uktuv lm dfk;D 4g hrksg Igkjc? rgc eg ksr gd rkc hd X X T s q X s X k;ufqn hd sxkv Bksd leg ct jkv g Bki ksg rlfdof dr Cgo 0fc hjkeg d s , , q fk;D 4g krjd yhiv eg ksr gd rkc hd k;ufn hd hLkxyc Bksd eg hH ct X T X s X q \ , X 4g hrkv Cgu e >el hjkeg rkc rlfd T X X of ]g hrkv e >el hjkeg rkc rlfdofv Syflb g Bki ksg Cgu rlfdof kH T X X , rfi hjkeg Syflb dfc g dhO rkc g; Cgu Syflb `k;D g hrkv hH Xe >e z T X X T l jkeg rkc g; ]g hrjd hH yhiv rkc g; ksd n[ ~ ~ ~ jkeg 4Sgfkp kug s X T X q s j jHuf ji hydr jk,v kZ[p eg df g rgd xky jkn>el jkeg udfy 4Skt Z X T s s s s gj u rjWt hH hd sukyp gm ksd henkv 4hxy kuc ryfkpo kd k_; jkl X s s X a s sjh/7jh/ k;ufn hjkl 4g hgj kt hyp ji k_a; dIfeksIkv jh/7jh/ k;ufqn hjkl s q , X s s s 4Sgfkp kuyp hg yni g dkujr[ hH hLkx , T \ yc ]hLkxyc g rgd go ]g rjd k_k; ni go 4g Nhi hH llm kt g xky , \ , T s T s T s s s T s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 71 egaP

d hd uoht eg g <jkd dS yd kdlb 4g kgj jd kuekd hd {kse sl ykl , q , kXjktg kX;D de kjkl jkv `g k;D eg h/ksjof uoht jkv g h/ksjof uoht eg q , T X , T 4g lj e uoht hHv kd henkv lb 2jv xgd eg , X s s X ksr Skt yef lj kLkF rfi d uoht eg e henkv Sx e cd ji dlb jkv 4 s\ z s X X X z , s , g ;k; d jnkv henkv g; cv 4k;x kyp e cd ji dS kdlb k;x kg kvg , s s X z , s q kje chjd7chjd henkv g; cv ]kxy upgi chjd d rke g; cv ]kxy uII s qa s , s w /cl l uoht kd henkv ltf g krkg ukel Syflb hHv krkg ukel ulb a a s , s s s hHv udfy k;ht kurb henkv hd kxkg Syflb ukel kd Pc dS jk,v kxskg s s s w\ ukel hH kd ukot `g krdl ht ld kPc g krht l htr hurtf ukot df , s , w\ , s s X k;D 4xjd ukel hH kd ukot eg cr udfsy jd ukel eg Syflb k;ht ku s X X rb henkv g; df g krdl ksg hH <jkd d uoht ukel kd Pc g gj jd , s s w\ T s Cgu eg <jkd d uoht ukel kd Pc 4g k;x pgi chjd knk; leg d tko s s w\ , qa s s s jn d uje henkv g; ]g chjd knk; d rke leg henkv g; df g cyre s s , s , s , dS Glf kd ukel d Pc ]cyre k;D kd ukel d Pc krjd ukel kd sPc Z s s w\ s s w\ w\ kurm g krxy uje kurtf de kt ]g krjd ukel kd ko; hg kurm g kr , s q s T q , ksg rofht kurtf de kst 4Cgu kd ukot g rjd ukel kd Pc e de lb q T s s w\ X q eg Syflb g hrLi eyke e[kt uoht]g krLi eyke dkujr[ Xeg hg uoht Ta \ w s , \ w 4Cgu jkdl ue jkeg hg kd uoht dfk;D Cgu jkdho e ue jkeg kd henkv knt s X X s V 4xjd ukel hg nkc d uje eg jGf ksr k;df klS ]Cgu hd yH ulm g s X s s s w s ; jxv 4rn jnkv eg hH kr krht kje7kje go jxv 4rn jnkv eg hH ksr s s s s s krkt je henkv go hg e kntV jxv g rn jnkv hg kd Sg je eg e ylv X T s s s q s X 4kF henkv kNv rgc g krgd de kjkl ji uje ]kF henkv kNv hd kg q , q s d Cgu hHd e hxntV eg ultf ]kF henkv kNv rgc g rgd eg ksr g krk X X s q T s , t je Bksd henkv ct kr Syflb ]g henkv kNv henkv kvg kje 4,g henkv s , q kNv henkv g; hd sxn jnkv kdlm eg jGf 4Skt ksg kLxy ]kyy ]k/v ]k X s \ a w a jgc l Gjr cl ]sn uLi u Bkul hLd Bksd l Cgd hd rhxl d uoht ]y d s s \ q \ s a s s ksj l Gjr cl nukv kjkl kd uoht ]n jd nc jk} lj cl d uoht ]jd j s a s a s X kgo; kd krIn hg ydycf go rfzi d uoht 4g k;x kg IH ]g k;x ksg Lc q q s , s z , \ Lx ksr Sk[nf [Q kd uoht kjt go jxv 4g rgd hlk;l eg kdlm kg hen \ T s a s s kv kvg kje k/kv ht rht sueg g kLs\kN [j lk;l eku kdlm 3rkc hygi q s , a 4S a kt ksg je/v ht7rht hd Sbkrc krkj Nd klS Sbkrc krkj exl kd uje s s q s q s Bksd `ld je df g gj Ni l kvg xkH l uoht eg udfy 4e kX;Bkjgx hd s , s T s w s X q s s s X uoht kr kxyef hH Cgd kekeji jxv 4Cgu l rkj d uje ]g krdl kt s s s s s s , kpgi dr kekeji l rkj d uoht xky go g hrk?ekv xksy go g yLbkl qa s s s s , T
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 81 egaP

i ewyke u henkv xks; lkoof FkuoVj jkv xj/l xky cr ]Sgfkp huksg hd \ , X s q s {kse ksr k{'f `k{'f hd uoht kgd u kxksy jkv F rgkp kun k{'f hd u s X , s s s oht kago FkuoVj dfk;D kvg Cgu htkj ksd utH pc Bksd lki d FkuoVj X q s s s 4g urduf rfk' cv kgt ygi lcl 4kF kyks[ yd kl7kIksN dS u FkuoVj T s a a s s w s 4ksg kni Pc cl gjr pc ksg u k , s w\ s ni kpc Bksd e k;ufn hd g krgkp hg; henkv kPc jg 4g gj n k{'f dek , X a q , w\ T s s / eg hd g rykc eku Nv nfk;b7nfk;b k{'f dek/ eg kdlm g rsn [ T s s s X T s j ji jlf >ksc eg hg rksg kni 4g rn [j ji jlf dlm >ksc eg jk,v g krk s , T s s s T s g kni kpc dS 4g krLi Cgu Bk[nf >ksc g; ji jlf d henkv dS7dS k;D , T \ s 4 g k;x kg >ksc dS cl 4g naukv Bkd kujke u g nukv Bksd uoht u udfy , s , s , a s 4g nukv dS hH kuje l dhO jkv g naukv dS hH kuht l dhO e If1n hjse , a s , , s X jk,v g krdl hH je l dhO kyko uht l dhO 4Cgu hg Sht eg l dhO df , s s s s kX;D l dhO rdl Cgu ksr hH je eg 4g rht kt g go kr hH rje 4Cgu Ski s s T s s T s s m hH kd uje F Sg je hg ygi chjd7chjd `uk,d kxje dfk;D rpgi Cgu s s q s s s X s qa Cgd go hH dje jk,v Sg rjd kuekd hd suje Sg je ksr g rht go rki s q s q s T s s ukt Cgu ksd naukv d uoht jkv rki ukt Cgu ksd lj d uoht xky kst jkv s , s s s , 4g kekeji kgt g r , a , ks kd uoht kgt g krkt pgi kago go l uy ukt ksd lj d uoht dfXk;D a , qa s s s s ]krje Cgu hHd go g kry ukt kd lj d uoht henkv kst df g g; >el , s s s , huiv hje jkv g k;D utk;kv kurb kd uje l ygi k;D hnt hurb kr xS s , , s s s s s s a kt hg je cr sxje ct 4Skt je k;D sygi sdlm 4xje cr xje ct Cgu hd X a X s X s X uje Sgfkp hujd krpV hd uoht kd henkv ht rht 4g Bx Li jkehc ekd s s s , \ , go hd Sgfkp ku>el ksr xy ujd krpV knk; rgc hd {ke ]ek,d Bksd ct s s q s `g kagd krkj kd jrhH d ukde hd sxNi xky , s X w s yko uyp ji dLl dfc g kagd krkj kd jgkc hd kxNi Cgu Bksd jGf ksr s s \ , s w y jd jnl kd ukde lb eg jxv 4g krdl uc hH kueu kd Z;nkTl jnqal d X aq s , w S go g krdl ksg hyxv ukde kt ]g krdl ksg iWd ukde kst ]g krdl skg , s , q , hH No go g krdl ksg knax ukde kt 4g krdl kg hH jnl go g krdl , s , s qa , ksg jnlv ukde kt dfkX;D Xy jd jnl ksd ukde lb eg 'kd udfy Mkt skg qa s qa s a s , ld jgkc d ukde lb e 92g kukt jgkc >e8 `g kgd ktkojn kd ukt j s T , s q T a s gkc kxsNi g; henkv jg ksr Skt kg yd'e kuy lkal jrhH d ukde lb df w s q s s y jd kdb Idjd kLd kurb ]Xy jH /xn hurb ]y jd knx kurb eg kd X w\ a qZ X a s ukde lb ]g Sg Oc eg e ukde lb 4krLi Bk[nf Cgu krkj Bksd jkv d T q s, X \ , s suLks\N kd uoht Skolf cv df g k;x kg y>fksc kurb uoht ]g k;x ksg iWd s , s , q kurb uoht ]g k;x kg knx kurb uoht ksr 4Ski jd Cgu yg k;el hH Bk , s a s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 91 egaP

dfy 4g kgj jd oHuv [An hH e hd kgd u FkuoVj 4g Pp jiM dLy g s wa q q T s T s\ s \ ; g k;D g; 4g hgj ksg BkPi g; `g Bg hxy lkyD g; `g yd g; ]kgj k , T \ , q , w s g k;D g; kgd ksd FkuoVj k;kygf jdkt _ef go Sx jH l /ks 4g Bg hx s , q y lkyD g; 4g Oc Sdf nc [kv FkuoVj g nc ckrdf g Oc phu pc rk T s, a X a T a T s, s s l pkai 4g gj k[ yG pc g Sx dDi yG 4g Sg Pp ji {o jiM pc gy T s s T T q s\ 1 s s kl gi g Sg Oc sphu pc rkl pkai g Sg Oc dhI FkuoVj g Bg hxy l T q s, s T q s, s , q kyD phu d {o d hjp dS k[n 4g rykg k;D hd Sx [n nkc uhge jkp u s s 1 s s s , s s hr go 4kF kvg k;nf kpc kuiv hH ukgm F djkpof Lc rgc dS sd ykxc q s X s s \ q a 4k;df W' q yd kago u FkuoVj jdy ksd kpc lhc kgji7ln xkLk\xcf k;D er kdub w s s X a s s q s hd Snf e k'kv lb 4F rdl Cgu Lk\xcf kdum FkuoVj hd F dp Lxcf u X X s s s s q \ s rb hg ygi kt F lS pc udfsy Snf pc u k_ef Nd hH jGf g Cgu <y s s s s s s s s X q T s X s d kxky sNv g; Cgu rkc dhO cl g; rhxl jkv ]kukx ]kupku cl g; x a , s [lf k;D spc 4xaSkx rhx sxpku xSktc k<ho FkuoVj dfkX;D Skt u Lxcf s s X X \ s pc hd kF hg; jL 4tH ksd kXpc uiv lki dlb uk,d skr 4g; ]kF Cgu hen X s s s kv kd lksjH Bkd g; ksr kyk[ yd g; kGn hygi ct u FkuoVj lb 4kxg s s s w s s d kyko lj d uoht g; udfsy 4g kukpgi [l skdlm kr hH kuxy jnqal ksd s T aq q s hldf ]g kukpgi [Aqn skdlm ksr hH kuxy iWd kd hldf ]g iWd kyko uxy T q s T s lj ksd uoht g; udfy g kukpgi Iksp ksr hH kuxy iWd ksd hldf 4g kruk s , q wa e klgVv e lb waxy kNv Li eyke jnl ksd hldf 4g kruke klgV e lb L T s wa w qa wa X s wa i eyke iWd e ksd hldf hd kgd su FkuoVj jkv g krLi kujkol cv kF w T , T \ a jnl hH lS cr ]kF krLi yduf hH lS cr 4kF krkt yp hH jkol kucf kF qa s s \ s s s a ukot ct kgd u FkuoVj 4g rjkol ykc kurb jkv e zem lb kgd u ht s T s a , X s h/kax Skv jgkc Sg rlg FkuoVj ]ksd FkuoVj kxksg k;x Li Bk[nf e Xk[kv q s a \ X a hdum 9cv Syfp ]e ikPc g gj jd k;D83kgd u ht h/kax 4g rkt jkoal X s q\ T s s T s s ykc uekl d uBkv nd enkv g Sx ks[ Cgd d lt kr FkuoVj 4k[n jd s s s T s s , s s dka> l hdL[f g hrksg ed rgc Syf d lj d uoht g hrksg rgc ksr Syf s \ , q s s T q s d xk; g hrksg ed rgc Fekl hd hxk; 4Sx ksg jgkc d Fekl ]d h/kx , q Z s Z s a g Sx rhc Iuef gi ]e uBkv g Sx kg uhy ksr go g Cgu kri Bksd kdum T a X s T s T Tg Sx rhc Iuef ln udfsy ]sxaSkv Iksy hnt kF kpkl Sxyp jrhH FkuoVj s s 4l en dS dl u hH gd Nd l FkuoVj udfy 4Cgu rjWt hd u[j ykc s s q s s s rkc ksr hygi g rjWt hd ujkol ykc Mkv jkol ykc gd Bksd k;x ksg jg , s a a s kc d 'knjc kr d h/kx 4Mkv jkol ykc LkF e jgO <N ksn kgd u Fkuo s s s a a s s\ T X s Vj ksd tkl F rkt ue? kukn 4F Sg jgO lki d FkuoVj ht h/kax jkc dS a s s s q X s s q s s T s a g rjkol ykc kI? k/kv7k/kv uekl d uBkv g r[j ykc Lc7Lc 4g dhO a s s s T s s \ s \ , henkv hd ]krkv yk; kr rkxy hIkxay rksg xu jxv g rugi Lid jnaql 4L s s s s s a T s s \ s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 02 egaP

4g krkt gj kdIv Cgo Rpf rki ukt Cgu eg T s s ltf 4g krkt gj kdIv kgt g kre? kago Rpf 4xksg gj e? lki7lkv d t T a T w X s w s dfkI kesulf hlhd g; cr hxksg hgj yp kZpp hd {kse Gjr kXjkp ct hH rD o rje 4Xxdl kt Cgu {ke g; ksr Ski kg u hji klkKtf hl yjl hurb hdu s s s s w b dfk;D 4kykduf krkj Bksd hH jGf kgd ue jGf 4hxSkt kg yhd'e hLc j X s s T s q \ Gf kr kxy [n ugi uyri Iksd Bkd kgd ukXgm dfk;D 4Sg u htkj go ksd s s s s q s s X q s uugi uyri Ikd 4g krdl kt sy Cgu e jd y yLed Ln kdub g; 4g kr w s wa T s a a wa kv sy uwyri Iksd e kr ksg htkj kd suugi uwyri Iksd g; jxv 4kxaMkt Li T s s \ X e I>a> hH e kr g k;kv jdy gb e hd k;yf [n >e u hldf jkv Tg hlk; T s wa s X T s s q s , l g; d e/ hlm g kruke e ksd e/ ltf Shjd ke{ kgd ukXgm 4Sky k[ a s Z wa T Z s nf tdfkI jdkt y ikv gb kgd lum jkv k;kyc kd _ef dS d lksL\i uTe s X s , q s s s 4k;nf kuc hlk;l jk,v djd k{hn lb e ykl gjkc slb uk a s s X s X gtf ji k>el u um k; ji henkv lb Skt k;df ji ldf /ks udfy 4Cgu X s klkKtf hd henkv uke0fc d ykl uokc g; 4g klkKtf hd pc dS d ykl q s , s s gjkc g; 4g krgkp ku[n jdkt jrhH jkc dS e `g k;D kago `g gj [sn wa s T , T X k;D xky kXjktg 4g kvg kxy ;D uekl d j? IhdIf g hr[nf hxy LhH ji s T q w s s T \ kXtkojn 4k;x Cgu dr cv jrhH d tdfkI hldf e g krgj ukjg kLc e hd s T wa , \ T kgd sukXgm 92keulf ikv g rgd k;D g;83kgd ue 4g ku[n keulf >e kr s T s s T T s s s q s ygi lcl kxgd e nkc ksr cl jkv kgd sukgm kr 4g kNb hd oHuv l u s s aw T , X s T q s , kd7uk,d gr hd kgd >e er hH jGf kgd u Te kr 4Sx ksg rufto Syf jse X q X s q q s s Z s oHuv cl d hxntV k;df Cgu oHuv Nd sue nkc dlm dfk;D 4Bx gj d q s q q T s X s dIv hg ji ykl gjkc 0fc hje jkv k;x kg hlk;l Te jk,v Bx hn sn k{hn q s , s a s q >e cr kF kd ykl gjkc e ct dfk;D 4g e kXupLv Bd e hd ykc sl>e T X wa X T s s q jkv sxy ujd rkc h/hl7h/hl ]Sx ksg yjl kr C>el rkc hje ]gj unf jkp , s s X s s ksn lki je 4Z"o uokc Bkd hxksg em hdum 4kF ukege lki je hlk;l dS ss s z s ss a 4krdl kg Cgu /kjiv Bksd kLc llb 4e dye g hrkt hn k{hn ksd kpc s \ s X q T X ss ss T IkN7IkN 4g kyd hd uxkH l uoht go Cgu kyd hd uoht go g gj rjd s s T X s kst dr cv eg udfsy 4kxjd r{f'f e k{nf jkv hldf ksd kXpc xke kd s X , Z s uht ksd uoht 4hxksg k{'f hd gjr jkv Nd ]kyd hd uht ksd uoht skt g; , q s 4xXul jkdi hje go hul Cgu jkdi hd kyG ukXgtf udf s q q s q q X s sy 4Skt Pp ji {o hH g; hd Wd k;D hd kF kgj pkl Syf d Cgb Te d j a \ 1 a s s s d nc [kv 4g rrfpV Syf d kXpc ub e 4g jkehc ]g rov ]g LxW Skt a a wa s T T T T \ gj sphu kt cr ksg rdkr hd suPp ct jkv kXg gj kyc yG ct 4g Oc k;D s \ , s q T s, X syks[ ckrdf pc rkl pkai g; hd g kgj ksg ukjg Syf d kpc ub e 4g C X s wa , s X T , go hje kekv udfy 4g krdl Cgu Pp g k;x ksg kPc e 4g gj kyc yG jk s s wa \ wa w\ T T s q , v g Sx dDi yG Syf dum g sOc phu kt Cgu Syf dum g Pp jiM skt u T s T , s s s T s\
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 12 egaP

f 4g krksg /cim sl sukxy e rxtjrv ksd k;dfi hg hd ukKof go g krksg , X a z , kni l urpV dufkKof go udfsy g krdl kg e/ klS 4kg u k'u kd ehGv , s T s Z s s kst krdl Cgu hg ksg e/ klS hd gd go jxv kxgd ryx ldke udfy 4g Z s s s Z s T k'u kd ehGv e/ g; 2g go 4g k'u kd ehGv e/ hd g kgd Cgu ryx u Z , , Z , s ldke go 4g krjd ekd kd ehGv jk,v jgt dS e/ cr jk,v kuxkH sl kv Z , Z X k;el 4kxksg okpc ]kxksg kuxkH ]kxkssg u;ky dS e/ kF;v 4g krdl ksg e Z , t kd e/ dufkKof dS hg ksr ksg et kd ukKof ygi e/ jGf ukKof ygi Z s Z s 4g krdl >el Cgu hH k , s d rxt d jrhH go g k;ki >el Cgu ksd rxt hg d jgkc hHv kt 4g krd s , s s , l tk[ Cgu e;uf d kekeji go k;ki tks[ Cgu e;uf hg d Fk}i hHv kt s s s Z s g lbkl ejfil ksr go 4g ukKof ei ksr e/ dfk;D g krdl jd Cgu kni hH , q T Z Z X T , e/ tkel go 4g krgkp kugd l ikv e k;ki jd Cgu kni ukKof tkel kt Z wa s T , s 4xXrht ld kago eg g yIft r s s , T q gc aSk;el hd jrhH Sx jkg Cgo eg g yjl rgc Sk;el hd jkgkc `xd T q a X s l jd yg ld aSk;el hd jrhH go rdl jd Cgu yg Sk;el hg hd jgkc s , s a kst dfk;D 4g k;ki jd Cgu yg k;el Bksd hH hd uoht d jrhH uiv rjk X T s s H Syf hlb jkv k;ki jd Cgu yg k;el Bkd hd uoht d jgkc uiv rjkH , s s s 4krkg Cgu s PL go cr ]g krksg xoVyf ]g krkg raoht lk;l go cr ]krksg Cgu kvg kr s T , s a q ksj go cr ]g krksg kvg krlg lk;l go cr 4g krksg kvg k;kv hg sl rhxal T q a a T q jkv lj d uoht go 4krksg Cgu kji jH lk;l go 4kd lk;l kt g kry[ , s w a a s , f yG jh/7jh/ e uoht hg l uukt jk,v sy ukt r hd kugd llm 4kun sn r w s s X s s w s s e k{hn ksd spc hldf d kt er cv 4krdl kt kukt Cgu hH l ugd d jl s q s s s s wn hldf jk,v 4krdl kt kukt Cgu sukt kucf g; 4g krdl kt kukt hg d uk T s t g; kgd ue udfy kF u hH Nd ksr kago 4g yxki kld hH e k;x jrm > s T s q wa , T ksc kurb kd ue je 4sxy sugd l>e d Iky 4Sx u[n hg eGf htxv go g ss s q s , s s zs a T k;D hd kxSkt yp kri ksr g; 4ikv xXy [n ksr eGf Cgu tg Bksd kgd u s s Z s e hH jGf g krukt Cgu htxv e xy ugd go ]rukt Cgu htxav hlk;al go T wa zs a T s s s zs hd sxy ugd go ji 4g krdl kt y kago e kdub 4g dp Lxcf kt g rkt s wa s T s T s q \ s T s xky lS kr g hH rkt kago jkv ]Cgu krko krkt Bksd kgo 4g rgj e jktkc s s s ss T s , a T s X xky cl d rfkt hje jkv rksg Cgu yko u[sn d hngf kgo ]g hryp eGf h s s s , s s s s a T d htxv kago 4g krdl kt y e k;jfsS IeuId ksdub e hH jGf kgd ukgm zs a wa s X T wT T s X jGf Sg htkj go yhd'ekc 4kvkt sy kgd sue ksr Z;kd ;i kLc g; ksjd hH q q s T q \ Nd kgd kd _ef e 4g krkt xkH l kagt g krkt dIv Cgo 4krkt Cgu hH q s T T s T jiM krkt Cgu hH jgx l uoht henkv kvg kxkH 4g Cgu ;k; uxkH uoht s s q T s s ]dl kt jgx e uoht dl Om jiM l uoht eg hdkr g ;k; ukt hg uoht s s X s s T s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 22 egaP

dfk;D 4g rgd ryx go g k;ke uoht hd g rgd kt jkv g FkF; Sk;e X T s T T s s , T Z l hjkl hd uoht ]g Fk}i ]g FkF; jhj' ]g FkF; uoht _l kygi Syflb T Z T Z T Z w 4g Sg Li e kupojiekv dS ]g e uls'Lf Gyl dS eg hd krLi Bk[nf T q s \ X a T X s \ Cgu eg hH k[ks/ g; jk,v g rfFf hl chtv 4g rjd rkc hd kekeji jkv X T T s X , s rdl Cgu Lkt hH jpi kd yhdBkl 4g rjd jkpof eg kd ujd yg kdkv s\ T T s s s X k;el hLc jkv hrksg Cgu yg k;el hIkN l eg g rykg hIym hHv udfy \ , s s T s 4g rkt uc xk; d ujd yg ksd kvk;el hLc jk,v eg 4g hrkt Om T s s s s X \ , jiM jkv Ijfl hurm kHrfi hjkeg 4g hrkt ksg yg k;el hurtf j,kv g k , z T T ujd yg ksd k;el dS7dS hd uoht ]g Cgu kuxkH Syflb 4kxSki ukt sl , s , s Z d kd FkF; lm go krki ukt Cgu ksd FkF; d hlb skt udfy 4g hH jiM Z s s , jk,v kjgx lum kt 4g hH FkF; jkv g FkF; hg go hd g kgj gd Cgu e g s s , Z , T Z wa T ; g FkF; g ;l aSk;el hjkl hd jgkc Syflb 4Sx kl <ki d rjkH 4k;n T Z T s z s f kdkse kd ukt kl ksd kHrfi hd jrhH djd jkdb hrkupf hd jgkc u rjkH s s z s a , s 4g hrksg rfxkt k;rDf' hd jrhH hLc hg hur T 1 a \ m hrk,upf hLc hurtf 4g hrxkt k;rDf' Bg Bskl l hrkupf 4g hrksg rlfdo \ T a q s , T f hg l u>> Fekl 4g hrksg rlfdof hg e sujd yg kHrfi gj uk; hH g; s s w Z T X z s jkv ]e ujd yg gm ]hxksg rlfdof kHrfi hjkeg knk; hg hurm 4xjd jkd , X s X z s X ho eg aSk;el knk; hurtf 4krOm Cgu hg ui kd ujd yg jGf 4Bx ksg z s e[ hrkupf g O> go hd k;nf gd ksd k;el ueg jxv jkv 4ksjd yg slm , T w s , hd Syf d k<ki g hrkt uc ty,p go hxSkt ksg rho k;el kt 4hryef s X z , X s Cgu u;p ksd k<ki jkeg dr cr Skt ksg u yg go dr ct 4g rjd jkdho X z s T s eg ksd k;el ltf gj uk; g; jGf dfk;D typ kLc g hrjd jkdho hr s X X , \ , k,upf hLc go 4g hry jd jkdho kd ;l d kvk;el kHrfi kst jkv g rd \ , s s s X z , T s l tks[ uk/kel ;l eg cr g ;l aSk;el 4g krgd l ikv rkc hygi g; T wa s 4xkg utks[ x s s s Z ke d ujd yg kd kXvk;el l rfho hd kvk;el jkv hxkg hun rfho k s s s s X , s s s d kvk;el lm g krgkp kujd yg kst ksd kvk;el jkv 4Cgu uoht skn g sj X s T T , T gp kn d uoht hg dS uoht kd jrhH jkv uoht kd jgkc 4Cgu thp kn g s s , X s T w ygi kn ]Cgu Xthp ksn g lgf kn d kFl hg dS jhj' jkv kekv 4Cgu thp s , s s s a , X s T s s s kn ]g jk> kn d thp hg dS kekeji jkv Fk}i dfk;D g kuksg rlfdof G , Z X , jr hd kekeji l Fk}i ]g Cgu kuxkH Gjr hd kekeji l Fk}i 4,g Cgu ku s Z , s Z xkH Gjr hd jrhH l jgkc ]g kukg rlfdof Gjr hd jrhH l jgkc 4Sgfkp s , s s kuy >el l dhO ksd nH d kXrkc kuksn ub g kuksg rlfdof Gjr hd jrhH s s s s X , l jgkc ]g Cgu kuxkH Gjr hd jrhH l jgkc 4g hry ukt go kd kXtkj d s , s , s s s kekeji ksr kvkxy Gjr hd jrhH jxv jk,v g hry ukt go ksd kXtkj sd ZFk s , s }i ksr kvkxy Gjr hd jgkc jxv g /fof dS ukKof ]g htk,yLFe dS ukKo s , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 32 egaP

vg 0lf uen kd ei dr cv tkel 4hd Cgu jkdho ueg go g hrdl ksg q q zs s , kFo; drfki tgl kst hd gkoof dfk;D 4g kgj hjkt e k;ufn tgn udfy z X , X a q s s 4kgj krkt k;nf tgn hH l Gjr hd kXdLy e ktkel Nd ]kgj k s s \ X X q rkt k;nf tgn l Gjr hd k;dfLy e ktkel Nd 4g kgj hjkt k'eg tgn 4 s s X \ X X q , s s kxgj hjkt e iW hldf ku hldf tgn ksr kxksg jxv <jkd hH Bksd jk,v kd g s X s koof rDjfrfv sd ei 4krdl kt kpc Cgu l tgn kF;v 4kXg ku L[ ikc7ke zs s s s \ a phc d k;rfo; jkv kXdo; ]g ;kim hg dS kd uksg rDe l tgn 4krdl skg s X q , q , s q s s Cgu rDe l tgn tkel go dr cr kxgkp kujd gkoof l kFo; dtfkekl q s s s s jkv d ei kucf tjfe Ltjv ]tkel Bksd dr ct df g g; rkc ksr hygi , s zs T X , 94kvg ek<jfi k;D kd k{'f duf q kK,o hdum ksr 4g rxke tgn kr g rjd gkoof jdkv Xe rjkH hH do; Sg T s a s s T s q q Skv jdsy k{'f Bu hd Bu hd dhudr jk,v ukKof ]doq; Sg Skv jdPi sl q \ epfi8 ]g kNi u _ef dS 4g Sx sNi ui l7rgc Xe /cal d kZpp hd gcql , w s T w z s q a s ]uekv ;if jse . z s u ZlksdLf a k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf dkI a w tks[ hd rjkH Su s s k'kv

4dl ksg rkc hdum >akl hdkr 4xXn s s s n jd [yf ikv go ksg ui hH skt e /cl lb 4kxWd rkc l ikv gcql kl z X a a a s X ji jkv ]gcl yd k_l um ]g hrdl ksg kni ld ]g hrksg kni kHrfi go 4h , q X w , , s , , , z xLi hujd kni eeg go kr g Cgu kHrfi go jxv jkv `uk/kel g k;D `y s \ , X s T z , , g g k;D 4kxLi kuNi eg l kHrfi dufkKof Bg hjrm e "?l d uoht ]Cg , s \ w X s z q X Z a s u l kxky Sg xkH l uoht ]Cgu l kv/kl 4g kyko ukt krdp okn hH xkv s X s q s s s X q , s q a s k;x dp okn jkc7jkc ] kvg h[An jkc7jkc kvg rtfkji jkc7jkc kjkg jkc7 q a q q q jkc rjkH cr7cr 4hxSkt hyp Ni hg l k;lfk;l7/kl kHrfi hd rjkH dr s w s X a q z ct 4sxaSkt syp sNi l kxky Cgb eg dr ct jkv g rjd kFo; hd uy w s X s , T s s s hi ehGv ukt cP e X'u e uoht 4rkrc Cgu xke kd ujd yg ksd uoht go s w X X s Z s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 42 egaP

m k;nf kojd gkoof kdum jdkxy jdDp rkl u rLfi hldf jkv 4g Cgu ezsi s a , , Xe h_ j,kv "Qi utf df g g; pl dfct 4g t;ktku g yxhyyb xgd eg q , , , s X ksr Skt ksg kni kpc kdum jk,v kg ei e hroq; jk,v doq; dS jxv udfy , s zs X s 4hrdl ksg Cgu rkc B ksd jkv drf,uv knk; llb yjkeeb knk; llb 4Cgu ei kdlm lltf Skt , s ss s zs s ksg htkj ksd sugj Fkl d h_ hlS dS rDf; dS df g Cgu rfhuv hLc sllb s s , \ Xe uoht dfk;D 4g krkt ksg drfuv l iW hnk;ufc tkel go g krksg d ezsi X , , s q , s kucf gkoof e tkel ltf df g g; pl dfct 4hxSkt ksg kni krdrfuv sl X , , , s ukt ksg kn,i d ei df g r>el go g rkc hd te Lc jkv ]Skt ksg ku kn,i s zs T s , s s \ , ei phc dum 4g rkur gjr hd kX;gfkilf phc d k;rfoq; jk,v do; ]dr zs s T , s X q ikc7kae jdsy l kXd{'f 4g kvg k;df ektrb kjkl Syf d udksj ksd ei jkv s , q a s s zs , 4g Cgu rknc ei udfy ]g rknc k;h>el ku h , Z zs s , Z a jkl hyko uyp Fkl d gkoof 4g rknc tgn ]g Cgu rknc g; ksd ikc7kae s s , Z s , Z udfy 4Cgu ykol Bksd kd li jGf Skt kv e phc ei jkc dS 4kryef Cgu s s , X zs kdk,e kd sujd ;r l ei ksd k;dfL\y jk,v sdLy dr ct df ]hxgj hjkt d s zs X \ s r cr hryx jkv `g kgd hryx 4g kgj jd jkpof hg kd SiQ hH go 4g g , , a , T s j jd jkpof hg kd SiQ hH ikv 4g ryef uhge SiQ jktg kdlm dfXk;D ]S T s s s q q g dlm kX;D Gjr hd dL\y lm ikv udfy 4g krxke SiQ jktg gjkc ]jkt s s , a g kdLy go udfy g htkj ksd ujd gkoof ksr e df xgd g; ikv e k;ufqn \ s wa s T s X X 4g Cgu htkj T hH ikv ksd sujd gkoof l dL\y yko suki kukruge yko SiQ ,kl 4g gj jd s s s s s T s gkoof Fkl dlm ikv Syfhlb g ryef uhge SiQ jktg kr dLy udfy ]g s T s s s s \ s , krxkae SiQ jktg gjkc kdLy df g rgd ksr g; ikv 4rjd Cgu kX;D gkoo \ T s s f l dL\y jnte hldf ]rjd Cgu k;D gkoof l dLy jkep hldf 4g rgkp k s s w s X s s \ T s ujd k;D gkoof l dLy j;ufhtb ikv j;ufhtb df g g; rkc ksr hygi8 ]d X s s \ a a , f kgd lum ue 4g rkc hd hrnk; rgc ksr g; df k;df jgfkt uekl jse / s s T , q s s ksjof rgc uXkgm 4g krxkae SiQ jktg gjkc go udfy g hgj yp rkc hd g q s , s , koof l doq; j;ufhtb dS df sxy ugd l>e kr 4g kujd gkoof kd hdLy s a s s q s , \ ]g henkv chjx 4Skv lki je d{'f d yd hjebki Sg unf gi Bksd hHv T ss s w z q a 4Sgfkp kuIef tgn df g krjd jk s , dub de kjkl 4g krkt gj krkj kd /cl _ke dS hg kli ksr ksg ku ei j q , a a , zs xv jk,v ]krkg Cgu kL[ kli ksr kg ei e phc d k;rDf; ksn ksr k; 4krkg C s \ , s zs X s X s gu /cl l thp hldf jk,v rDjfrfv d li kago g Cgu ei kagt dfk;D `k;D a a s s s , , zs X X 4kxgj hjkt tgn dr cr sxjd ;r gkoof ikc7kae jkv jd[n ksd kXrkc hjkl s s X , s ub jkv et hyLd rgfksji rLfi dr ct 4kxksg gkoof df xjd ;r rgfksjqi , qa q a s X rLfi ]xjd ;r ikc7kae djd jkpof7pkl djd ei kucf8 ]g krgd go 4g k a s X s s s zs , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 52 egaP

f kd lDtfGf 4g krjd lkoof hH elb kpc go g rkg jkp kn jk,v kn g k , X T s s s s , rgd d{'f kd r<fx kd yd 4g krkt e yd kpc go g krksg r{fhn e w , X w , X lkoof l uipc g krjd lkoof kdL\y kt 4ksjd lkoof g _l kygi kd k{ s , s , w 'f hjkl hjkeg jkv 4g _l kygi kd ukKof IMkL 4ksjd gnl g _l kygi kd , , w sa , w ukKof dfk;D 4g krdl ksg hgu dufkKo hHd kpc go kujd lkoof g kr[ X , , , hl l uipc kpc kst 4ksjd lkoof g rk[hl hg l uipc ksd pc eg ]slt s T s s s , 4g hjWt kuync kdum g jk/kv d ue kst jkeg Syf d ujd Iu slm , s T s s s s 4krkg Cgu Iu l k{'f hydv go 4krkg Cgu Iu l k{'f go 4g ntk,e go s s s s s , w g Rpf hukK jxv g xkenf dGfhIbkl j,x kst go 4g ntk,e henkv dufkKov , , , w , l jrhH g hy y k{'f l jiM hd ukKof sukXgm df g kurb <jkd yd kd s , s s , q s ukt ksg htkj dum 4hyef k{'f ryx kdum df g Cgu g; <jkd kd ukt skg s s , s htkj dum g rkt ksg htkj spc kt jkv g k[j kOcf cklgf ueg ct udfy s T s s , , s s 4g Cgu rkj d cklgf d r<fx rkj d hxntV dfk;D 4Cgu dhO hH dhO hd , s s s s s X r<fx g dhO hH hryx hd ei 4g dhO kuy jd gkoof jdjrm ryx e ezsi , zs , s X g dkujr[ kuy jd gkoof rjrm dhO e r<fx df g g; rkc hd te jkv , s s X , s , 4g Cgu /cl Bksd kd ei l cklgf jkv r<fx 4krdl kt k;kx , a a zs s , y Cgu cklgf Bksd kd ei l hjkn>el udfy ]kXg jkn>el hg urdf ikc7kae zs s s s 4krdl jd Cgu ekd g; henkv kjln Bksd 4Sgfkp kuksg dg k/hl kd uup sl w s q m g kugj Fkl dltf e hxntV jkv kd ujd ei ed l ed ksd henkv jg , s X , s zs s 4g gj sy l kIc suiv kync kdlm go ]Ski Cgu up hFkl uiv ikc7kae ~ ~ ~ T s s X s q s 4up kdLy Syf sdlm ik X q \ c jkv kae go hrdl ksg Cgu htkj hH hIc go ]up hui Syf dlm ikc df k , s s q s rdl kg Cgu htkj hH Syf d rkc lb kIc go 4g rkc dufkKov ydycf g; s s s , , q 4g Cgu ei kdlm lltf krdl kg Cgu htkj ksd ujd gkoof sl , zs s s s hdLy hlsS hH hHd go g kxy ujd urpV dufkKo kpc kt dfk;D 4xSkt \ , s , s X s a Li e krchle hLc hH l sun tgn ikv kr Sx ksg dufkKo l k{'f dufkKo \ X X q \ s s s s , s , sIc dikv jxv gj uk; jkv 4krkt ksg Cgu dufkKo Bkd l k{'f dufkKo k s s s , , s s , gd gcl ue klt g k;kv jdy k{'f dufkKo rDf; kt ]rkc hjln jkv ]rk q s T , , s , s w , c dS 4g ryx l iW hnk;ufc xP kd upkl e /cl d gkoof jkv kFo; h , s q a s s X a a s , d tkel ji d tkv 4g Cgu kd do; Sx kv jdy k{'f hd ukKof jwld el sw s , q s X b 4g oHlv g; ]krdl ksg Cgu g; 4sy ku gxt hH kli df g rgkp eg jGf , a , T s 4g kry sy gxt hdlm kli ]g rjd ''fksd hd ukpc kd ei eg hg slt kr , s , T s s s zs , s 4g t;kt kFo; jkv uukd jkv 4g krdl kg t;ktku ei udf , , w , , s zs s y 4hrdl ksg Cgu t;kt thp Bksd jk,v rDjfrfv d ei ]ksg kgj /acal kd ezsi s zs phc d "Qi jkv h_ df g krdl kg t;kt l rkc dS Glf kpc 4krdl k s q , , s s Z s g Cgu t;kt kpc Bksd l sukxy jdDp rkl dfk;D 4g t;ktku pc cl du s X T s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 62 egaP

g krgd likv e jkv 4Skt ksg kri gr g krdl ksg kutks[ e hxntV er wa s T , X q , X q 4g Cgu kri hg n[ eg g rukt Cgu eg df l kXpc uiv kxLi kugd g ru , q X T s s s s \ T s kt Cgu eg kt jkv 4jd klkKtf ]Ni go df kxLi kuk[lf kd kXpc um Xeg s , X X w s \ s 4kxLi kuk[lf gsnal ksd kI s \ X c suiv cv eg gjr hlm g Bk[hl ohycf g k;k[hl lkoof dr cv ueg g s X , , s jr ltf ksr kg kukuc dufkKo ksd 'n lb eg jxv 4g ryx go kFo; dy s , s X , fke g kFo; hd ue jkeg kt g; ]g; g Cgu jld kd k{'f 4g kvqg kLi Cg , , s s , w , \ u dG Bkd elm 4g henkv Cgo kd Cgo go 4g krgj kjH hg l rkc lb ue Z s X , , s kjkl kdlm 4krksg Cgu et kd gnl e ue dlm udfy 4g krkt kv ~ ~ ~ I sa X s s , k,y jdy k{'f hd ukKof go 4Cgu hg krjd gnl kIc Bksd e ukrngV udfy s sa s X q s 4g k;fi hd ukKo , z f kujd IMkL l dhO ksr 4ky ukt ku er ksd rkc hldf ksvkt ku pgi jd t s s q qa ks[ er dr ct ksjd gnl dr cr jkv ksjd gnl ji cl ksjd gnl g krgd q sa , sa sa , ukKof g hd kjht ukKof g; g hrkt Bk[lf krKkv kst g; ]g u;IfjfskFS kt , s , , s g; 4ksjd lkoof kd hldf kX;D 4kd 0fc jk,v kd ue d Xk;efnkv cl g kv q s , g k;yf kdO su jhokge hldf k; ]u Ibk hldf k; ]u < hldf k; ]u kri q s s s s f Bksd 4ksjd lkoof Syflb g k[yf e krhx dfk;D ksjd lkoof k;D ]ksjd lk , X X X oof Syflb g rgd krif dfk;D `ksjd lkoof k;D 4ksjd lkoof e thp jg T s X X X 4g krkt k;kyif jgt kd ujd lko , s of kdum hg l uipc Syflb 4jd ku gsnl pc df u kdikFo; d tkel ] s s X a s s X s su ikc7ke ]u kXd{'f g hd jgfkt chdjr g; ueg e k;ufn kr 4g Kol henk a s , s X q s , Z v jg jGf ksr 4ksg ku kyko sujd gnl henkv kyko uekl kjln df kd uksg 0 sa s w s lf Kol g g; krkj kjln jkv 4g krdl ksg hHd ku jkv g kvg hHd ku Xe Z , w , , , , q k;ufn Kol dfct ]ksg KZol henkv g; df g; ksr dS g krdl ksg 0lf sl q Z , gjr ksn kokn kd krKol g; jkv 4g krjd kokn kd ukg Kol d{'f kd yd Z , , s s Z w jg 4g KZol uekl d hIc huiv ke jg 4g Kol uekl d Ic uiv ikc jg , s s s a , Z s s ss s 4n jd 0lf kO> ksd ukK je Ic je X w ss ss ss df krkg Cgu htkj ksd uuke g; jkdgv kd henkv hldf j,kv 4kxksg 0lf kO> s s a w ukK kl7rgc kd ikc7kae kr xjd gnl Ic jxv 4g u;yfcjf gnl g hrokx q s s X sa ss , , sa , c gnl dfk;D 4jd gnl Ic df g rgkp ikc7kae ku udfy ]gnl g _wl kygi sa X X sa ss T s s sa , kd ukKof 4krdl ksg Cgu dufkK,o hHd go g krjd lkoof henkv kst jkv , , 4g hjkt kujd lkoof udfsy kxy ujd lkoof ji uIfkv djd ku lkoof , s s ji krhx go 4g Bx ync Ghyof hdlm ]g krjd Ghyof hH ji ukKof go g , , , kvg hg ygi IMkL e xkenf dlm udfsy g krIk,y jdy k{'f hd ukKof go q s X s , s 4g krjd lkoof hH elb kpc go 4g h , X T rkt jxf Gjr hd uhet thp Syflb g ''fd e uhet df g krk>el d{' X , X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 72 egaP

uhge Okv 94g k;kv su[hl l dr e dfk;D ]kxPi kujd 0lf l dr kr >qe s wa s Z T X s \ s Z s s kr 4krdl uke Cgu kr hd d{'f d ;kj udfy 4kxy uke hd cl Xe k;uf s s s s wa q T n e8 ]kgd sue 4ky uke Syflb g rgd eg df F srgd g; l>e hH go sF T s T s s s q rk[lf _k' dr s>e d{'f kt 4kF krPi _k' dr e hIlouf; dS n[ Te s Z q s \ Z X q q 4g srk[ T lf kujd lkoof hH d{'f go 4rk[lf Cgu gnl hH d{'f go g srkPi _k s s a T \ ' dr xky kt n LkN rkc eg kr hd kjln 4rn Cgu kjkgl hH jlGki d hI Z s s X s\ s X w s s s sz s loufq; 4krsn Cgu kjkgl hH d{'f 4Sgfkp kuyef kjkgl kd <ikjkthc kd g s s s a nl hH e yd jkv 4Sgfkp kukg <ikjkthc kd gnl hg l unf ygi hg sl ui X w , s s s a s s pc 4rgc g Cgu ykol kd k{'f elb sxLi uync jk/kv d ue eg 4k;x skg q , X X \ s s X ydfe kuPc kd ukK jGf nkc dlm e Ohi hd ukK k;nf dkH kjN ]hn jd q \ s X T q k;g hd k_k; hd ukK ukgm dfk;D 4g rukt cl eg g k;df kokn ukgtf s X X T s , s X 4Sg Cgu henkv dkujr[ knk; lum ji uhe q s t lb g Sdf okn u kxky utf jkv 4g krukt cl go df krdl Cgu hH jd T s s X s , , kokn henkv Bkd 4hxgj hjkt tk[ hd suukt xkv 4xukt Ic dum kr Cgu I s s s s s X s s s s s s s c dum kr Cgu Ic dum ]xXukt Ic dum sxdl ukt Cgu go xjd kOp hd s s s s s s s s X s X s uukt go g rukt eg df sxjd Cgu kokn hHd go xukt Cgu go kurtf 4kxk s T s X s X s g dufkKo go sxy ukt go kurtf udfsy 4xXy ukt kt Nd cl go sl upkl , X s q s s df Cgu hjWt xpkl pc hxjd kn,i gnl jkv hxjd kni klkKtf kreuof g; s X s s s s a , s , z jkv 4kxkg euof go g Cgu kri go g Cgu kri >e kt kxgd go ]kxkg hnk , s z , , s q s s s o;Kv go ]kxkg dIfkuxS hH d{'f jkn>el 4kxkg dIfkuxS ikc jkn>el s s s s s 4Cgu kri hH Nd s>e krukt Cgu hH Nd n[ e 9g Cgu8 q q q q T , Tg rgd xky Nd 9g8 g rgd xky Nd g Cgu eyke >e 4g joB df Sgfkp s s q , , s s q , w s q , kugd Cgu l hldf hHd jdywH >e kr kd joB g Cgu kri >e jxv ]Cgu s s q s , s q dg g; kd henkv hldf 4g k[k/ kd ukK k[k/ kLc lcl jkv 4g rn k[k/ s , s s \ s , ,a s s s kd kpc ikc7ke dr ct kxgj hjkt ukeiv kd ikc7ke Xe k;ufn g krkt skg s X a s a q , kni ukeiv dS jkv k0Jv dS jkv 4g hrkt kg uhyof k0J cr 4sF rukt , , , , s s Cgu ydycf go ltf k;df kokn kd uukt u ikc7ke kd rkc hlS jg jkv q s s s a s s , 4g k;x k;nf k[k/ gm l uipc udfy 4jkv Bkd kurtf F ukKv hg urm i , s X s s , s s s kc7ke dum df g rki kr g r[n jdkg Lc jdkg r{f'f ct pc df g <j a s T s s T s s s s \ s s , kd _kedS yd kdlm g k;x kg e[ jnkv kd ikc jkv ke e k;ufqn skt g; q , s , a X 4kxSkt kg kO> Syf d knl rkc unf lm kxSkt s w s yp kri lm unf ltf jkv 4g krukt cl e df kgj krjd okn l uipc ud s , wa T s s fy kF krukt Cgu hH Nd ikc df kxsy kxy kri hg n[ kIc yd Cgu tkv s q q s dfk;D 4kxgj e;kd knl ukel kdlm rfi d krif lm jkv 4kxgj rgfxuv X s z s , s z q kdlm jH hxntV kIc suekl d Ic uiv krjd Cgu kokn kd ukK O> rkc kt s s s s s s w s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 82 egaP

f g krgd jd uxf e jk,v 4g krjd kokn kd uuxf e ]uxf Cgu rkn d k;_ wa T wa s T s a s X f u rjv df g krgd kurb Glf e ]krjd Cgu kokn g; e8 ]kgd ue 9`skg s q wa Z T T s T rjd kokn kd suksg jkn>el knk; l rjv er k;D8 ]kgd ukgm 4Sx ksg t s s q q s X kjku d{'f d _k'dr je udfy 4krdl jd Cgu 0lf kugd kd rjv df s Z ss s q ]g hgl ckrdf df rjv k; g hgl rkan d k;_f df xjd 0lf rkn d k;_f , q T s X s X a s X 4ky uxf rkan hH d hldf g k;_f hurb d s s T a f g krgd e kr g kgd su rjv ky uke g; gd Bskd l>e tkv jxv udfy wa T s , q s s s q s g k[yf hg; e ckrdf hdlm hH tkv jkv 4g rksg ed rkn d k;_f e ck , X , T s a s X X rdf k[yf uxf Cgu ulm rkan go 4jkgr y uxf rkan kjt df kF krdl gd s s s q wa ksd rjv thlef jdkOcf hH hHd ]Cgu hH dS hF rjkv kn hd rjv jk,v 4k q X , s q X ;D ruxf "Qi jkv ]Cgu uxf hHd rkan uiv ukgm g >el ku kr ka;_f jkv s q , s s s X T s , 4Sgfkp hg sukg ed rkn e k;_f 4g rdl ksg ld knk; hH rkn 4g krdl s a X X T s s , a , ksg knk; l "Qi hH Nd e kX;_f df krksg Cgu htkj kd ksd uuke "Qi e y s q q X s s q X lv ]g rksg ed rkn d k;_f df hF gkoGv hH e ukuw; 4g rksg knk; sl k T s a s X X T s X ;_f rkan d kX"Qi df g k[yf e ckrdf huiv u rjv udfy 4CF Xrjk,v kn s q , X s q s s hd rjv 4uke ku ksg dhO ku uke skg dhO Xpksl eg g k[yf kst u rjv jkv q X X , s q , 4Bx gj Cgu rjWt Bksd hd ugj kntV xkv kF s s Sgfkp kukt je ksd k;ufn Fkl d rjv jGf kr 4Sx ksg e;uf erfv d d q s q s a s Z r go g k[yf kt u rjv df g Oc jdy ckrdf hukji "o jktg ksn go ud , s s q T s, s q Z fy 4g krukt knk; kpc kd yd hjeBki kjkeg kurtf kF krukt ed kurb s , w z e kXyeke l rgc rjv 4Bx ksg jgfkt k;h>el ku hl rgc hd rjv 4Sx X s q q a q q ksg ykl jktg kn je kd rjv 4g pl go ygi ykl jktg ksn je ksd rjv s s s q , s s q ]pl go ygi ykl jktg ksn g kgd skt u rjv 94ksuke go g k[yf e ckrd s , s q , X f kst g rgd kt eg 2ksgd re ;xjkv8 ]df g krgd g; d{'f kd _k'dr T s s w , Z 4kxn ujd dr ld d{'f kd _k'e/ jGf kr 4Bx s s Z s , Z s ksg ydfe jGf ksr 4krdl kt k;df Cgu dr df g krgd d{'f kd _k'd q Z , Z r 94ksg gj jd rkc hd hrnk; dS er dfk;D 4gj Px kd k{'f dufkKov k s q X s \ , F;v 4krdl uc Cgu Px kd k{'f dufkKo hH hHd ;yk|ofoof g; kjkgqr \ , 8 ]kgd kd jylkaplBko ue 4g Cgu htkj kd uykduf kd kXd{'f ukjqi um hI s Z s T , s s s s louf; dfk;D 4kLi kukt yduf l hIlouf; lm >e 4g krdl ksg ekd hg q X \ s q s q , dS l e kn aSkPi go k; Pi e ksr k; 4k;nf n jd[yf kGhrb ukXgm j[fkv s X s \ w\ T s s 94 ,g hukeBc dtfky Syflb krdl Cgu ksg 0lf Nd df Sgfkp kugd 4Sgfkp hu s , q n jd nc lkyD hd dtfk,y kr g rdl jd Cgu 0lf8 ]kgd ue jkv ]sF Cgu s a s T s s T , Fel e ujd 0lf hH Nd go dfk;D kvg Cgu kuPc xkv pb dS ]Sx xy Z X s q X q \ s a
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 92 egaP

4g ukr,' gnl df g rgd rgfksji udfy Cgd g Cgu , sa T s q s , ukr,' Bksd 4g k;D yG kd ukK df g krgkp kuukt enkv ]gnl kd enkv kl , , sa kKtf hd enkv 4k;kdLH Cgu u ukr' ]k;kdLH ksd enkv u ukr' ]k;kdLH \ s , \ s , \ ksd enkv u ukr,'8 ]g rgd rgfksji 4g k;D kyeke Sgfkp kuy [n jdk[ y s T s q , s s G dlm sxPi yp xsky jkl Gjr hd {1o hlm 4xSkt ksg jkdc {o jkl jkv s X\ s s a s 1 s , 4ksvk[ cl jkv 2kuk[ re yG d {o lb df Skt k;nf gd skd kxksy jkl jk , s 1 X s , v ksg {o dS e kui jxv 4kF dofkHo ]kxksg k;x kg W' u'iI e ue d 1 X w s q s , X s env udfsy 4g dofkHo kuksg ue Gjr hdlm Skt kdksj l thp ltf udfy , s s 4 ~ ~ ~kdlb kuk[ re df ksd env k;nf dksj udfy 4g uen d ukK rgfksjqi s T q s 4g hP\x su krgfksji hukgd df kxksg Cgu hg kri kd ukoxH df g krksg , X q s , eyke klsS udfy 4krksg eyke uen kd ukK ukoxH hgd u ukoxH rkc hd w s w q s s s \ te Lc g; 4xn jd jgkc d sphxc ykduf gr eg df [p yG dlm lc 2 s X s X q s s ku[p re yG dlm er g {o kd ukK dS 4tyfk,u Gkv hI g jkt dS ku[ s q , 1 , j yk;[ rkc dS udfsy kxksH uoht ]ksgj l nukv ksgj l te c[ er8 ]kgd s s a s s q q s kd env ]e phxc d uLb u ukoxH df h[yf g; hukgd go jkv 4h[yf u X s s s , s kXrgfkji hukgd jknte hLc df k;x kykduf Syflb lm 4k;x kykduf k;D sl s q s \ s X phxc d uLb ksd enkv kxksg kul uikv 4hxkg hul uikv hukgd hd ycfBkc s s q s s q s 4g gj uen d ukK sl knl Q T s q s q Z xe/ udfsy 4Sgfkp hukt BkPc klkKtf hd pc 4krdl ksg Cgu kni ukKof j \ s , Gf 4kxksg kni ld ukKof jGf g hrkt hd k;g hd klkKtf hd pc 4g dhO , s , , s , go g rgd kt eg 4kg rukt Cgu hH Nd er df g rukt eg 4ksjd nc lko T s s s s q q T s a dc ksgj ip df g krjd ip jdIkL7IkaL ikc jk,v 4srgd Cgu k; g srdl y q , q a , s e Fkg eg ksd nkap ]g jwn hurdf nkap ]Bkv l kgd k;ufn cl g; `g rksg k X , s a q T s ni l kagd pc g; `g kX;D kjg {o g; `g k;D klS g krNi go 4g krxy , s s , 1 , X s , w , s ujd gnl hg l et ksr kpc g krjd kni gnl e henkv jg ksr ukoxH kr sa s , , sa X s 4hxSkt kg W' rokxc unf hlm kxksg <hrof ukK s q Z unf ltf dfk;D 4ksg hukKv LhH df g rgkp cl go d"k' d gjr cl krut X \ T s s s s kj ]Qxe/ ]rgfksji 4g hrgkp LhH hd kxky hukKv tkel hrgkp Cgu ukK t q Z q T \ X s kel udfsy 4kxkg rlfdof {o kd ukK hg l thc d gnl ]hg l gnl dfk;D s 1 s s sa s sa X 4g krikj thc kd gsnl kekeji e pc jg 4g uknjo kLc lcl kd kekej , s a X s , \ s i gnl 4g krkg kni jdsy gnl kpc jg dfk;D ]g srNi pc ]dl Ni pc sa , s , sa X T w s X w s df Sgfkp k{'f hd klkKtf kr ]l k{'f hd klkKtf g krksg kni gnl ]sl gsn s s , , sa al g hrksg kni kurpV ]l kurpV g krkg kni ukKof `kxkg kni ld ukKof kr , , s , s , s , s , s 4Bx ksg ydfe hLc ksr cr ]krk[hl Cgu hH _k'd q \ Z r udfy ~ ~ ~g; 4g k[yf ryx go g k[yf kt u rjv 94g jckjc rkan d s , , s s q T
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 03 egaP

4kg kvg kn s q i rDf; dS Bksd hyk'kHrfi ksg kvg kni eku dS Bksd df dl y hH eku e , z q , X s g df dl krc jdsy ikv kt g Cgu eku hH dS e kFd hcy hd k' Syfl X s , X X w b 4g kdl kg Cgu r{f'f w' Bksd 4kvg r{f'f l dhO kst g ' kygi e l , s q s , w X kgrfb d ykl kXjktg ji d rjkH jdLcv kL 4k;x kg W' oim j,kv hn s sw s s s q k{'f ksd kw' u ktxv 4k;x ksg W' oim 4kxSkt kg W' oim unf hlm ky X s X zs a q s q ef ukK kd ' unf ltf df g Cgu Syflb `g Cgu k;D dg kd ukK kd ' s w T , X s w 4krdl ksg Cgu dg kd ukK ksd ' dfkX;D 4kxSkt k;kojH jd koy?if k'h' e kXukd d k' kago w X s X w 4sF rgkp kuky e ukrngV ht h/kx ;kj ekj klS 4g Cgu dg kd ukK ksd s X q a s , w , ' 4g iki g; ]Syf ul upo d no jdkg L[ ulm 4no F gj Pi "f+ jr q s s s s \ s s s s \ hH d ukde ]Sg ryduf l lki d ukde dS ulm dfkX;D 4k;nf kojH jd s q s s s s koy?if k'h' dS e kXukd d w' dS hg su ekj um df g hrgd g; hukgd X s , s s F rjd kZpp hd sukv ksd ;kj d ekj utf ht h/kx 4Cgu dg kd uul n' k s a s q d _k'e/ gm jn kr kuPi ]Cgu dg kd suPi gm 4k;x k[j e ljkub ]k; Z X w s \ \ X X Xs x k[j e krPe kdum 4dl jd Cgu gksof Bksd dl jd Cgu rokxc Bkd ' X w\ s s s s w 4g hrkt skg , Iu rokxc kgo kvg rpfo ukK kgt k;nf jd rpfo kd k' l ukK ukgm a q a a a s X w s s X hd hjk;'fksg rgc u k<kc d ukrngV dfXk;D `k;D hd k' hdl ksg Cgu s X z s q X X w rokxc Bksd udfy g ' kLks\jd 4g ' l "o kXjktg urdf e ukrngV 4skykL s T w X T w s Z s X q kyt ksdlb kn jd Iu ksd thc d gnl Syflb l gnl g hrksg kni klkKtf s s sa s sa , , ]l klkKtf g krPc ukK 4ksn uPc re ukK g jkn>el rgfkji d k;ufn Syf s , \ s \ T s q s q lb 4krjd Cgu hH rokxc go g Pe ksr Pe 4kryp Cgu kri hH kd [Aqn ksd , w\ w\ Pe dfk;D 4g hg krksg e naukv ksr Pe 4xaSkt ksg Pe cl eg dfk;D xSkt skg w\ X , X w\ s w\ X s a Xe naukv Lc cl eg kr ykL kyt ksd ukK jk,v y uke hd krgfksji eg jxv s \ s X X X q 4g T s gj xksH <jkd d u[p yG kd ukK go g gj xksH Id kst eg 4g hgj xkH s s T s T s Id dr cv hH tkv <jkd d iki d u[p yG d ukK hlm df g rgd r s s s s T s gfkji BklB jkv 4k;nf jd jgkc ykduf sulm jGf jkv 4k;yf [p yG kd u s q , , kK ulm jkv k;x go henkv kygi go 4kxksg kgj gjr hd pc yksH ksr enk s , s s v g hrksg kni klkKtf hdlm 4g krkt k;df jkdub ksd thp ltf g dofkHko , , , , hxksg Bg klkKtf e ue d enkv ku[p re {o kd ukK8 ]kgd u kXrgfskji q X s 1 s q ksr 4kxLi kukt ksg knof ksd rgfksji kr kxksg ukKof jxv jkv 4kxdl ksg Cgu s \ q s , s ukKof dr cr g rgfksji dr ct 4hrdl ksg Cgu hHd hji kt g huen dS , q w s , q phc d ukKof jk,v rgfkji Syflb g krdl ukt kd ;l hgo kxjd gnal kt s s q , s s s s df g krgd ukKof jk,v 4kxSkt dIH go kxjd gnl kt df g rgd go kr , s sa s T s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 13 egaP

g sugi thed kl <jk/kl ydycf rfi go 4yp e jktkc Fkl dlm jdugi q q s X s s ugx h_ df g krgkp rfi jk,v 4g hryef ksd rfi rtb udfy g hrugi ug , , s , s x h_ 4g hrugi h_ g; df ku>el re g; ikv kr g hrugi ugx ct h_ , s , s jk,v 4g Cgu hH Nd rDjfrfv d hx h_ Bksd 4g Cgu eum regf hd uuc , q s q , X s henkv 4k;k[hl kukuc k;fx gm u kX"Qqi 4k;k[hl Cgu hH Nd gm dlb ; a q X s q X s kolf su k"Qi dfk;D 4hxXugi k;Lfkl jkv ]hxugi ugx j,kv ]hxjd i'ix go X q X a \ , X s X 94Crjd Cgu hH Nd jk,v g hrjd i'ix jdIc Xe kXj? q T , j,kv g hrugi k;Lfkl hNv ]g hrugi ugx Glf hrjd Cgu Nd go jGf 4g T a \ , s Z q T hrkt ksg r{f'f hH ka;_f8 ]df g kNi sulm g hNi jkv rkc dS u _ef hlb , w , w , s 4hxskg rokxc jkv hxkXg r{f'f k;_f 4hxksg rokxc hH e ukrngV 4Bx ksg W' ro , a X q q kxc jk,v hn k{'f ksd k;_f l kX"Qi Bx kg yH e epfi 4Crdl ksg Cgu hgk X s q s w X s of ka;_f r{f'fv 4k;x k[j r{f'fv gm 4hn jd nac k{'f hjkl hd k;_f X X Syflb 4kxLi ku[j r{f'fv ksd h_ ksr g kugj heko ksd "Qi jxv udfy s \ , q s 4g rkc hd suksg heko go df Bx yH hg k<jk/ hjkeg e /cl d rfi dfk;D , w X a a s X 4kd henkv hldf rdl uke Cgu rfiIkj eg df hrjd Cgu tkjrS h_ Bkd s s s ]rfi d cl `g krksg cyre k;D kd rfiIkj df hrjd Cgu tkjrS h_ 4g s , , Bkuc k;ufn g; su kX"Qi g k;ufn g; hd kX"Qi dfk;D 4ikv g rdl ksg rfi q q , q q X T s Ikj ]rfiIkj udfsy 4g krdl ksg ld klsS g huiIkj df hxkg Cgu htkj h_ , s , , s Bksd 4sxkg Cgu htkj ksd ugd eg kr Bx uc h_ Bksd jxv huiIkj 4g srg ssa s s T d rfiIkj ksd uk/i d 'n eg ksr Syfhlb 4g lj rgc e uksg rfi ksd "Qqi z s s , q X s 4g krdl ksg ei k;D e heko jkv hlkn ]e kxksy d jr , zs X , X X s ukel kn g krkg ei 4g krdl ksg ei hHd Xe kX;heko jk,v e k;hlkn cv g s , s zs , zs X X wa hgj [yf rkc hd ei Lc df g hrpksl hH ak;_f jkv 4g rksg ulzi rgc osn zs s \ T , T s a q rfi jkv ]hlkn hdikv phu d hpf g hr[yf k;_f ]heko ]dyfke g krksg , s s T a , cyre kd rfi kuksg rfi ksd "Qi 4g krkj r;dfyke jkv g hxnx r;dfyke q , , , a 4g krdl n u , s s ksg Cgu dyfke kd jln 4g krdl kg dyfke n[ kuiv rDf; r{f'f 4krdl s s w , s q ksg Cgu htkj kd uuke dyfke kd hldf rDf; r{f'f hH Bksd dfk;D 4,g uOf s s s X d kuksg dyfke kd h_ r{f'f 4Cgu kd h_ r{f'f ]Cgu kd h_ r{f'f g kr , dl kt kvg dyfke kd h_ r{f'fv 4k;x k[j r{f'fv ksd h_ e k;ufn S q X q yflb 4Ski ksg ku r{f'f h_ df hd 'tfkl g; u kX"Qi jkl Syflb 4hxSkt s q s ksg rokxc kF;v ]ksn suyef re k{'f ksd kX;_f df k;x k;df rpfo sl k{' a f ksd kX;_f gjrhlb 4Bg Cgu kni hH rokxc e k' `kxksg ld kdl kg Cgu q , X X w s , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 23 egaP

X k;_f ]kxskg kn;kG ksd "Qi unf lm hxkXg _ro k;_f unf ltf df g krgkp q a a wa kugd g; likv e udfy 4kvg Cgu kn;kG Bksd d ukldu ;kolf uksg _ro s T s q s q s a d rjkH ksr kd ktzsxv df ]g krgd e hH jGf udfy 94xSkt ksg rkel cl s s X a wa T s s a go g gj ksg ji Fko urtf d dyfke l sukg _ro dfk;D 4kg _ro ekyx T s sw Z s s s s a X s a q df krgkp Cgu hHd dyfke 4rgd Cgu ryx jkv 9`g k;D rjWt hd kr_ar s , , o ksd k;hrjkH df F rgd tzsxv8 ]kgd lum ue `g k;D rjWt hd kr_ro X s s a s s T , a ksd k;_f sxy ugd go 4g tt ]g [yf7Pi _ef go 94g k;D rjWt hd kr_ X s T T s s , ro ksd k;_f udfy8 ]df sxy sugd _ef go ksr 94Sgfkp kuksg _ro kd k;_ a X s a s X f8 ]df kgd lum sue 4F gj Nwi Nd l>e _ef dS 4kF e jlrev e hHv s T s s q s q X 1 X 4g /ksjof d k;efkyx hd gjr hHl urpV dufkKo dfk;D 4hrdl yp T s X q , X Cgu hekyx hd gjr hldf 4hxyp k;efkyx hd gjr jkv ku ]xyp hjofy y q X a q , s X s olDl ku ]hxyp hekyx dFkv ku 4hxsyp Cgu hekyx hd gjr hldf g; df q s s q q kxLi ku>el ]kxLi kuuke ksdikv kr g kuky urpV dufkKo e k;ufqn jxv s \ s \ s , , X 4rdl ksg Cgu k;ufi jkv hui 4"Qi jkv h_ g rdl ksg _ef e k;ufqn cr s a , q , T s X 4krdl kt k;kuc Cgu ekyx skdlm hxkg kekv lki dltf q s s 4g ljtL rgc 4g thp dkujr[ kekv dfk;D ksg kekv lki d Xk;_f df Cg , X q , X s u krgkp rfi udfsy 4g kekv hl7ukd lki dum Bx ksg htkj kd uuc hx u , , s s s q s X kgm unf ltf hpc Cgu hg kekv lki d kX;_f 4g Cgu hg kri lm kdlm g s , s , Bx ks[ kekv hd n[ hdlm jkv 4g hgj jd jkpof kdlb g kld _jfp kd q , , , , ldf jkv 4g hgj jd rkc hd kLid d kX;_f ]hd kLid d kX;ufi hd lki7l , , X X \ s X \ s kv go 4g hgj jd rkc hd ytGf jdOc go kr 4hxjd k;D jkv ksr jd ku , X w , s s , s i'ix ]jd k;D hOc huc hx go cv 4g hOc huc hx go jk,v g k;x kLkt s , q , , q , s\ kugx dS u jkdgv d rfi jkv 4g kgj kt k;df u'ni kdltf g hxekl Gl s a s , , Z z , z Z f go 4g k;x k;kuc ukekl kd sylLf yod slm 4Bx hy uhN r;efnkv llm , s s 4g hxge rgc krUli g; ~ ~ ~ , a q z kd krUli g; df Cgu kri lm g Uli hLc hui ]krLi kujd Cgu ekd Bkd z s , z \ \ s s T lm g Snf kxy jdku e j? g Sg SkOcf ji kGkl lm ]g kgj n jdky k;L , X , q s s , s a f\kl ]g kgj n jdky ugx rfi 4kdlm g kgj ksg jnkv kLc rgc g hrpksl go , s s , \ q , , q , g Bg hOc jduc hqx go jd k;D h_ kr 4hxSkt kg W' rokxc ksr Bkv kr s s s q ;efnkv elm dfk;D 4kun Cgu sukv r;efnkv elm ku[j jdkuc hx kd hu X X s X q s i jk,v 4kd rtb ]kd u/ ]kd rdkr hd rfi 4g u'ni kd rfi 4g u'ni y , Z z , Z z od hui 4gj ku e yH lb hui ]Cgu ksd hui 4g hryef ksd rfi Arrv r s s X w , a tb hdlm g hrugi hLkl hl7uk,d hui Syflb ]kd rfi g kuk,y[f skr hui , \ , 4g kyeke kd rtb , hdlm g; 4g Bg hny l kugx hui hdlm udfy g Cgu Gf lm hdlm g S , q s X s , s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 33 egaP

nl jkojfi dr cr jk,v 4krdl ki Cgu hH ei llm "Qi Bksd dr cr hrskg qa zs s q Cgu hL[ ji r;lfg hd _ef go dr ct 4g Cgu _ro <ijfi h_ dr ct \ , , a Z w 4g kgj Li kun 4g kgj kt kpC[ 4g k , \ s , , upC[ dS hH go 4g krksg eyke >kc dS lt hH kun ei 4g rnfukv jdsn , w s s , s zs , a ei ksd rfi suiv go df ksg kgd g; s>e sultf g krki Cgu klS ksd h_ dS zs q wa s e j,kv ]g hrkv k;_f kLdl lki je 4g Cgu rnfukv e un ei h_ Bksd S T T a X \ T ss , a X s s zs yf lb 4g kgj Li kun ei lm g _rji h_ jkv g kgkp kujd rhldof jd , \ s zs s , a , , pC[ hrnjct jrhH d kFo; dS sueg ksd ei 4kvg Cgu /cl kjkeg sl e s zs q a a zs T i 4g Cgu Lt eg l ei df g g; rkc ksr hygi dfk;D 4g k;x kg ;uHfv h s q\ s zs , X , s H go ei g klgf <ioge lcl kt kd hxntV hjkeg 4g gj jd ;uHfv d zs , Z w s s T s s gjr rgc hH cl eg udfy 4g krdl yp ksr g; jd ;uHfv kruHfv udfy q s , s s s 94g Cgu hH Nd ksr g; 4kuIhi kd hrkN jk,v tkokv hj , q e jk,v kjk/ hd kvlkav je r[n cr hF hgj Om Fv ct 4k;df ue kst g C s X q ss s s s T , gu hH Nd ksr g; 4r[n rDo lm hF hgj kt BkOm Fv l j? je rDo lt q s s s ss f g Cgu hH Nd ksr g; ]hH kLks\N8 ]df kgd u kruHfv lm 94hxyef rfk' Xg , q s s s s a q s , r ld 4ksg h[n rgc er g dut;pkv ksr [An kjkgr 4ksg rjd ei kurb k q q q , Z q q s zs s d hui huiv er df kF krpkl Cgu kurb e 4Bg Ghydr rgc gr df g k q s T q q X q , rxy klS s>e jd[n gr df8 ]kgd su _ef dS dlm 4hF hgj kt hgc kjk/ s q s X q s hd kvlkv l [kv hdlm kxy uksj jdIhi7Ihi hrkN go df hF hgj kt hjkrm X qa s a s e cd ct 'ky hdlm 4Bx jtqx hui hd kruHfv Lc rgc dS g kuql uTe X z s s \ q , s 4k;x ksg k[ks/ jkv ;uHfv ei kjkl 4g hrLi hugd go Syf , zs T \ s d suNkTi kdum g hn gd rkc hjc kst hH rkc hNv hjkl go 4g krLi kuku s T X w X , \ c Syf d suIiuf l gyd hg nkc d gyd hH kukrksn go 4g krLi kukuc hH s s s , \ kukrkn jk,v g hrLi hujd hH gyd Syflb g krLi kugj Fkl dfp udfy s , \ , \ wa s 4hrksg Cgu hH phc d kueqn ksn e k;ufn hurm g gyd hurtf phc sd hui s X X q , jk,v rfi 4hxgj hjkt gyd I? lhck,p jkv g hrdl kg uhFkl hd gyd ]akg s sa , T s 4Cgu uhFkl hd ei udfy 4 zs s g hrdl kg k;ufkjdk,u hd j? go ]g krdl kt k;kojd ekd kd j? ]g krd T s a , , l kt k;kouc kuk[ lum 4hrdl kg Cgu k'kv hd ei lum g k;yf kOcf jd s s zs s , kuc ka;ufi kdutf e kj? Syflb 4g krkt k>je kr Cgu ]g krksg kvg ky[ X X , q s , q f ]g krkg hylv ]g krksg roht hHr g krksg ukn go ct g krkt k;nf kl _ , s , a , , ro ct ei 4g krkt kg hydu ]g krkt [l ]g krkt kygd ei ksr ksg hjc a zs , s , w , q zs w te ]ksg krLi kun ei ct jkv 4kxLi kun lm 4g krLi kun lm g Cgu _ro \ s zs , s \ s s , \ s s , a e un go g hjcte hdlm hH ei kdlm 4g klgf kd hekyx hH ezsi kdlm X s s , w zs , q 4hrdl Lkt Cgu l "Qi /cl kd ei hH hHd s\ s q a a zs h_ ekyqx dfk;D 4kvg Cgu hH Nd d ukldu ;kolf kd "Qi l hekyx hd X q q s q s q s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 43 egaP

v ]g hrdl hH L[m 4g Bx L[m hg L\t hdlm l Rpf dgfekl jkeg sl L , \ , \ s w s bke oIDf,yd l luke d Rpf jkeg hg kuid hd gnl df g krksg eyke kl a s s s sa , w s s S 4xXy jd lkoof hH ji lm eg kr Sk[lf hH rkc hd gnl Bksd eg jxv s sa X 4g T sry uke ksd Cgr eg 4g rkt Sg /v rfi jkgr eg kg dhO hg er g dhO s s q T s q s a z s q s q , ksyp df sxgd eg gd ksd sujd jkpof leg henkv kt 4g Bx ksg rkel kuo X s s s , kHl hjkl hd jkpof l jrhH jkeg ]Bx ksg ng 94xyp Nhi dikv ksr eg ]x a s s s X s s s Xuke rkc hdikv ksr eg 4SBkt uc Qqx jkeg ikv8 ]df g rgd l>e 4g rkc s T s s q , hd ste Lc ksr cr 4k;x kv lkoof ji kXrkc hdikv eg df g rgd jkv g s \ X T s , T rkv lki je xksy jdul rkc hje 4ksg krjd gnl kst kryef Cgu henkv klS s ss q X s sa s 4hH hF hHd Lt go df g Sx hg yH eg df g Bx hIkd l ;el scy urb Lt \ T w , s a s \ g; ksr e ukrngV jk,v 4g kykL Ikd hg kd Lt ye dlm ueg df krki skg X q , s \ w s s Cgu Syflb kni Cgu jk,v 4krki kg Cgu kni urpV dufkKo udfy kxn ync , s , , s s ksd kvygi jkl d uoht ksr urpV dufkKo udfy kxn ync ksd kvygi sjkl X w s s , s s X w s d uoht ksr urpV dufkKo 4rki Cgu hH ukpgi eg Syflb jk,v 4rL\i Cgu , s s Bk[nf kst g Sdf sL[ yko lyfi el Lc ueg udfy 4kxSkt ksg LcLx cl T \ s q w s \ s s \ \ df g rgd ikv ksr kn sukt ksd syko lyfi lb g krgd e jxv jkv 4g gj T s s q wa T , T s jd ei ksd jln dS ikv Syflb Sg Syf dnc dS g kvg kL[ kyko lyfqi zs s w q wa , q \ 4g Cgu Lkt Bksd jk,v g Lt hg l uukd cy , s\ T s q\ s w re 4sxSkt ksg xyv hHv ]xSkt j[cf hHv hui rfi kr l uukd k;x k;nf a s a s s w jd rDe ksd kxky jxv8 ]df g rgd g; go g rjd 0lf rkc hje go 4kxS q X s T s T s s kt ksg rh{of tkel df g krksg kni jL g; ksdutf df g krgd kdum Te ksr , , wa s 4kxSkt ksg rh{of tkel kjkl kr l rkc hdikv df g srgd jdkv xsky duv s s T s lki je ksr 4g iki ]g Cgu dg kd uksg hui jk,v rfi ksd rDf; hldf ksr ss , , s ksg ku ei jxv Sgfkp kuksg ei df g krgd e ct Syflb jk,v 4g /c sl uu zs zs wa X T s a w kd Glf eg 4g Cgu k{jl hpl uwukd ]g k{jl hpl hg ei g kuuke kje Z , q , q zs , s udfsy 4g k;nf k[ cl go g uko;e hH kst kd uoht ueg Nhi d k{jl g; , s , w s s s q 4kxLi kugj rfi s \ ksd rfi ]kxsLi kugj rfi ksd hui g k{jl ]g k;nf /kc e kLdt dtfkekl \ , q , a X X \ s jkl sueg ksd hui7rfi 4g hn ykOcf rkc hjkl jkv rtb hd tkel jkv uu T X , , w kd 4g hn ykOcf ryknv jkv lyfi ]g k;yf jd ektrb kd uukd d gjr c , , q , a w s l ueg 4g k;yf jd ektrb kd k{jl ydycf ueg e kX;ufi7rfi jkv 4g k s , a q q s X , , {jlv g hIjfk;Dlfub e kr_ef dfk;D 4g rkc hd ukjc? rgc kr_ef udfy q , , X X , s q s 4kr_ef dS hxSkt gj ]sxSkt ksg knof hH hui rfi kr kxksg urpV dufkKo a s , jxv 4kxksg Cgu knof j? tgn sxkg knof hui jk,v rfi 4g krdl uc Cgu j s X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 53 egaP

hlm g krkt pc jd jtx kt l ufv hd gnl 4g ;l hgo g hrkt pc jk , q s s s a , , , v g hrht jkv g hrdIf hH phc d kgnl hHl rkc kt g Cgu ;e Bkd kdl , , , s X s a s , w s m 4g hd hLkd kn go g hrkt kg Iu l uul rkc hd hldf rkc kt dfk;D 4 , ,\ s , s s s q s X g gj jd Ug kd kekv huiv xky yko uuke kd krkc hdum jkv g sO> Qx T s s s s s X , T w q e/ go kuul re rkc hd drfku kuy ykL Fkg e ukd g rgd Qx Ze/ kt Z q s X T s q s 4g krjL k'eg ukKv Cgu krjL hHd ukK , s 4Tg hrjL l uul rkc hjlwn Syflb g rkc dliu jkted g gj gd rkc kt s s q X T X qa s T s X s e/ g; df kd rkc lb g rcl g; ]kuul re rkc hd jln hldf g rk[hl Z , w q s w T s e/ cl d k;ufn 4kvkt dIH jkv Skt kxexL Rpf l e/ df hy ul rkc Z s q s , a s Z q hlS Bkd suer jkv e jnfe Sx jxv kgo dfk;D kukt je jdcn phu d j,i s s q , X a a X s s d hFkg yxki ]kukt re e jnfe ngV df g h[yf hH e kFx ut rkc hg; s X a w , X X za , 4g krdl kg kni gnl kr Cy ul rkc hd k_k' ut jxv kgo dfk;D `k;D 2 , s , s a s q X X , a X X kukt re e jnfe ut udfsy ]ku>el dhO kukt je jdcn phu d ji d hFk T a , s s , s g yxki er kr Skt kv jnfe u,t jkv kg kLi Nhi jkgr hH hFkg yxki jx q s a , s \ s s q v8 ]df e kFx ngV g k[yf g k[yf e kFx ut hg klS ]g k[yf e kFx ngV X X za w , , X X za , s , X X za w 4g rjL rgc xky syko ujd lkoof krSyfhlb 4kxpgi Cgu dr k<ki d T s q s s s s qa X z s ikv hH7hHd lkoof go 4kugj Pkv kd lkoof l jiM j,kv 4kun kcn kdlm s s\ s s s s jdjL ikv kxSkOm jlf hHd7hHd ]kxgj kiNf ]kxgj kuc gnl jrhH go 4g s s s a , lkoof jiM g gnl jrhH 4g kvg k;kv jdy Fkl l 'bkni kvg k;kv jd , s a , q s s , q s s y l j? d kekeji go gsnl g gnl dlm jrhH jkv 4k;yf jd lkoof ul s a , s a s , s m dfk;D 4krkg Cgu /yim kd k0J hHd go 4g krje jkv g krht hg e g X s s , , , X snl k'eg go g krjd k_k; l lkoof henkv kt jkv g rkc hd te hLc g; a s , s s , , s \ 4g krkg /yim kd k0J unf dS go g krjd k_k; l gnl henkv kt , s s , s s a s 4/kc kvg k;kv l ukK go 4Cgu rnfof go rkc hjln rgc k0J go udfy s q s w q s 4g hrkg Uim k0J kgt jkv 4g rkt jxf gnl cl kgt kxSkt pgi gxt , s a , T s s a a qa lm unf hldf go kxjd gnl henkv kt ]kupkl ji lb kxgkp kugd kdikv s s a s s wa s e jkv g kuuke hH g; kje jkv g kvg k;nf kd rgfkji lkoof ]g kvg k;n T , , s , , q s q , q f kd kekeji gnl g kr;ke hje jkv 4g hjWt kujd rjfdv kd thc d g s a , s , , q a s s snal kr kg kudG Lk[m jxv kd <"k' lb 4g <"k' kd gjr cl ]g <"k' k s s , s s , s , s d k;ufkK ]g <"k' kd kvQqx 4g <"k' kd gjr cl g <"k' kd k{'f ]g < X , s X , s , s , "k' dtfkekl ]g <"k' drf,utkj ]g <"k' dek/ g iW Bd d <"k' jGf s , s , s T s s 4g krdl kt k;df <"k' kd gjr hH hldf ji henkv uktv 4gj kuktv , s s a s a sukt ku ydycf 4sukt ku Nd go ]kg r{f'f ed l ed ]kg hukK ed sl e q q s s s d ;ue df g rgf hg; kd Fko d gjr cl ]Fko d gjr cl 4g rn k/kc q , Z s Z s T s s Fo d gjr cl 4g krn k/kc ukd kd ukg kni d urpV dufkKo g; g krj Z s , s , s s s , s , , d ukd udfsy 4g dofkHo ydycf kr kg k;x k;df klS dr ykl kjktg jx , , q s s s X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 63 egaP

4g k;nf et ksd ukKof djd regf u kxky l kxksy l Lks\F hH e , s s X s s X s s X epfi 4g dufkKo Rpf cl e epfi df g Cgu klS jk,v 4kxksg k;D sl k{' T , X , s f hd epfi 4g dufkKov Lbke u;Lfb go 4g dufkKov luke ;hrjkH df g , , a a , , , g; rkc rHjk/kv go krki ksg Cgu dufkKo jkv g krkv Bksd hH jdy k{' w , , , s f l epfi l gto hdltf rkc rHjk/kv g k;D8 ]df g kNi u _ef utf kr s s w , , w s s 4g ufv hd gnl hd ukKof knl hIkld ]g dr dufkKo knl h , sa , , Z , I,kld ]g urpV dufkKo knl ksr hIkld 4g krdl ksg kpl ld e/ go ksg kr , , , , s , Z jrm ku kj[ ji hIk,ld hd ukKof e/ kst 4kxSkv hH e/ kpl hg Fkl d u Z Z s kKof jkv ]kxSkv ukKof 4kxLi kuukt kd e/ O> 4kxkg ld et kd ukKof , s \ s Z sw s s , 4g kOrfi hd ue Ow> e ue d 'n lt rjkH dfk;D 4k , z s X s s s , X rki ksg Cgu dufkKo 'n kl,t rjkH ]e/ kdlm g kO> 4g Cgu hH dek/ go , s Z , w , g Cgu dufkK,o kst ksr e Ifn hje 4rki ksg Cgu dufkKo de dek/ Syf T X 1 s s , q hlb 4g hjWt k{'f hd lkoof Syf d e/ lS jkv g dufkKov e/ klS 4g , s Z s s , , , Z s , krLi kuy uke kdlm dp jd ygi negke Bksd tks[ hdltf ]dp jd yg \ s s s q s , s q s i 0c Bksd tk[ hdltf 4g dp jd sygi jhokge Bksd tk[ hdltf 4hrLi hu q s T s q s \ jd Cgu tks[ hdltf g krLi kuuke jdksg k/v ltf g rgd e/ lm ksr ikv , \ a s T s Z s 4Cgu kdlm g rgd e/ ikv ltf 4g krksg e T s Z s , t kdlm g krgd e/ e ltf ksr kxjd tks[ l gnl Bkd jxv jrhH jk,v g wa Z T s s s sa s , krksg et kdlm g rgd lbkl eg kdltf ksr kxjd tk[ l gnl Bksd jgkc T s s s s sa jxv g ygi kn d ukKof hg dS go 4g rxt kvg kyG jgkc kst go 4jIM T w s s , q , kv kn Gkv lBkl g ukKof kd jgkc go g rgd ukKof eg ksdltf jkv 4g , T s , , ukKof kdlm g jrhH kst go jub Gkv lbkl go 4g ukKof jrv e/ 4g ukK , , a Z , of hH e/ df g krgkp kugd likv e ksr `g k;D e/ jGf xgd ikv udfy Z wa s T , Z s X s 94g k_k; hd ukt Gjr hd ;l ukK , s of jk,v 4 hd gnl g k{'f Syf d ;l 4Cgu k{'f Bkd hd lkoof Syf d sa , s s s ;l 4g hrP\i hun Syf d ;lv k{'f hd lkoof 4kxkg k;df kL[ uoH kd , s s s \ lkoof ji jk/kv d ;lv hldf7ku7hldf jWt ukgm g k;k[lf kujd lko s s X , of u kxky surtf8 ]g krgd e Syflb jk,v 4g krdl kIef kd ;lv 4krdl s X s wa T , s kIef Cgu gnl Bksd skd ;l 4g krkt kv jgkc jd j[uf kukl 4g krkt yt sa , s , kjpd ]l xkv g krkt yduf ksr kuskl 4g krkt yt cl g hrksg ydfqe hLc s , , , \ e xkv ]kujtqx re l xkv Cgu Cgu g krgd go g kxy kjpd kt Fkl d X s , , s s sukl udfsy 4kxMkt yt e dfk;D kxwayduf Cgu l xkv e df krgd Cgu kukl s a T X s T s 4;l g hgo , g krjtx kt l xkv hd gnl jkv 4;lv g hgo g krjL kst l xkv hd gsn , q s s sa , , , s al 4g ;lv eku kdlm g krkt jL kt hg l ujtx d gnl 4g ;l eku kd , , s s s q s sa ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 73 egaP

o; hukji hurb hd ukrngV 4g Cgu htkj kd ukOm Ghydr Bksd e ukrngV q q , s s X q 4hLi hukOm Ghydr rgc k;nf et e epfi ksd ukKof ukXgtf u kxky sl \ q X s s X s s s\ LkF um jkv 4g Sx ksg Cgu dufkKo luke hHl 4g Sg dufkKo luke sl LkF , T , T q , s s\ hH e epfi 4et ukKof lltf Bki ksg Cgu kni rfka go e luke d rjkH X s s , X s 4g Cgu tks[ hd ukKof Bkd hlt lkoof elb 4g rkt yp kago , s , X T s s djd lkoof Syflb 4g kOrfi hd hxLf hd epfi df g rukt hH ikv kr s , z z T s s 4g krki k,l gjkc ksr 4g krkv jdy hxLf l huet jkv , , s z s Z , Lyb henkv hgo 4g krki kl uhr e de lb kd r;lfg hd hxLf hlm ksr g T a , , X q , z , s rkv jdsy k;hzxLf so l kago df g rtH gm ikv 4rtH Cgu Syf d tks[ h a s T s s X s s s d ukKof Bksd g rtH gm kst hH ikv jkv 4g Cgu tk[ hd ukKof Bksd e u T s s X , , s X e dum g rkt suy k{'f hdlm djd lkoof elb kt Ic dikv 4g rtb s T s s s X s ss s , hd ukKof e epfi tkv jk,v 4g kOrfi hd hxLf hd epfi 4g kOrfi hd e X , z z , z pfi tkv 4g gj kt suy k{'f hd ukKof df ku>el re g; ikv kr uy hx T s s s s s z Lf g rkt epfi Ic dikv jxv tkv j,kv 4xy uuke ksd hlm eg g e rd T s ss s s s , X kr hH kt 4k;x ksg htkj Syf d hjsoyl Lbke kjkeg 4Sx ksg htkj Syf d hek s s s a s yx eg 4uc <jkd kd hekyx hcay hd kukeyle jkv hekyx hd ktxv rgfksj q s q X q , q X zs a i rLfi hg o hF hn k{'f hd hekyx eg u kXrgfkji rLfi utf gj uk; jkv q a s q X s s q a s , 4g krksg eky , x l iW hnk;ufc Rpf kyko sujd lkoof e ylv 4xSki Om Cgu jiM sd he q s q X s a kyqx hHd n;k' eg df g krxy 4g krksg eyke ydfe kLc kuksg e[ sl he , , w q \ kyqx hd ktzsxv 4xaSkt ksg sukonf jkc[v jkl jk,v kru d ukrngV jkl jk,v k X a s s s s q s xSkt ksg kukonf ukrngV kjkl jkv XxSkv yp Nhi yIcf udfy ]Cgu kxNi B q , s s s s w ksd kag; kd hxk; lb e 4g kujd rcte kdlm e xkenf jkeg hekyx kt hd s s T , w X s q s hLep nGl g k;D cyre kdlm dfk;D 4g xP ryx hg kuykL ek<jfi klo \ s , X , a , 4g kukPc kd hekyx hd de lb kuykL ek<jfi klo8 ]kgd ue 4kxksg , \ s q q , s T ek<jfi kNv kg; df Skv Fkl dikv xky lhpi ln d kago SBkt yp ep a s s s s fi ikv sygi ]Sjfd re ruge kg; ikv df 4g srn kr;kgl _ef je >e ~ ~ s a T s ss s q ~aSkv yp Nhi d henkv hldf syxi d epfi jkp jxv ksr 4g Bx ksg rkc s s s s , hpM rgc hg kukg hLep nGl 4g hy jd jkdho IfhIjfil hH e hL\ep nGl a q s \ s , sq X s ueg df g gj ekyx dr unf surb eg d hL\ep nGl e ylv 4hrxy Cgu s T s q s s X jn e ukt kg hxks;kge kr ksvkt kv e de lb jdy ksd kyxi d hL\ep n s X s s s X q s X s Gl jkp kn jxv 4g jlv rgc kd hLep nGl udfy 4kag; hd kxsky d gjr s s , q \ s s X s ltf g LhH hd kxky d gjr hlm go 4g hd kdufkKo Cgdf go g hd kxky , \ X s s , X , , X s udf LhH go 4g hrksg hdb LhH hH kago ksr Skt pgi Bksd kd kg; 4xSkt \ , \ qa a s a ksg db l kagd kr Cgu 4g rkt ksg db yxki kago Nhi d ktkjkge hxk; d s s s T s s s s X s s a s kg; kr Syfhlb 4kg; hurtf g dufkKov hg hurm e epfi krut jrd/fv a , , X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 83 egaP

4g krkt ksg nc , a kuyef jnkv kr ;LfksN kdum jxv jk,v 4g kryef jnkv Syf d uuke sd k; s s \ s , s s X Gfdoc e ukrngV jk,v kuLkN jnkv g rkc uOfd lcl ]g uklkv kuLkN p q s X q s\ , s , s\ s c hui ]g uklkv kuLkN u/ ]g uklkv kuLks\N ukde 4krki kIt Cgu regf h , s\ , q d uLks\N jnkv djkpof Bksd kd ukrngV 4krki kIt Cgu regf hd uLks\N jnk s q q s v djkpof Bksd kd ukrngV 4rki kIt Cgu regf hd uLks\N jnkv djkpof d q s q s s ukrngV j,kv 4hd uLks\N jnkv g hrLi hujd regf hLc lcl 4hLi hujd q s , \ \ s \ hd rkc ldf regf ]hd regf u kxksy d epfi l LkF u k"o kl uhr g; s X s s s s\ s , 94g krdl jd k;D e elb ,g hr wa T X kxy hoi 4waxke hGkae ld e Syf dlb g hrkxy jdDp hoi udfy 4g kry 1 a s , T s , 1 s wa s sxke hGkae Syf dlb g krgd kst e cv 4krdl Cgu hH jd Nd elb e 4g a s wa T q X T , hrkxy kd tjl hg hoi ksr jdDp df g hg; ksr rkc pl udfy 4g dhO rj w 1 , s , s d Cgu hL[ eg I>a> ksg rgd er ]g krdl jd k;D e 4g jdDp kd tjwl \ s q wa T , hg hoi ksr hrkxy ]g krdl jd k;D e udfy ]kxksg krkxy jdDp kd ho1i h 1 wa T s g tjl df g kry uke e kr ]ksg rgd er8 ]k[yf u k;yfx selb g rH.nv w wa s s T s s q s X , q hLc tokrn go ]k[yf ji txkd dS ulm jk,v klg henkv kPc go 4hxSkt \ s s a w\ s kg hlkaG kF;v kxkae hGkae df k;x kgd llm jk,v e ryknv k;x k;ky jd s s X kyp yni yhe kLdl lm ]henkv kPc kd ykl jRl ]r[fyf kxke hGkae eqr , X \ T s w\ s a 4g krkxy jdDp tksj tjl df g hg; ksr hH kr[nf jkv , w , , 4g krkxy tjl jdDp kd hoi df g k[yf skr e ycfbkc dfk;D 4g hgd r , w 1 , X X , kc ryx uer 4kxkae ke{ er df k;x k;ky e ryknv jd ykL k;Lf\dFg kd s q s q X a s kX;yfx jkv 4k;x ksg yxki epfi kjkl ksr 4jdDp krkxy Cgu tjwl ]kd t , jl g hrkxy jdDp hoi8 ]df kgd jkc hygi ct u k;yfx 4g kxksH [Aqn r w , 1 s s , gc su kxky Nd udfsy g kgj yef [l llm ksd k;ufn hjkl 4g hgj xksH k; q X s q , q s q , ufn hjkl yG kd ir lm ]kago g k;df ir kt u kxky l LkF e "o kl uhr q , s s X s s s s\ X Z , 4hd ''fksd hd suLks\r l urpV dufkKo kd hekyx dl s , s q fuke hd ykl kjktg hd epfi ukgtf g xksy go l sLkF go 4g Oc phu d X s X , s s\ T s, s s kXLk> kt g Cgu go xky l Lks\F go 4hd Cgu hHd hH jdyef u k;ufe7"f+ s , s s s s X q s s jkl d ukrngV jkgr g hd k;pir hurtf u kxky l LkF d epfi e y q s q , Z s X s s s s\ s X kl kl uhr 4kvg hH e epfi hg klsS 4g krkt jH l /ks go ksr ksjd ''fk , q X , s s d hd ukt sy Gjr hd rfka hH kjt ksd Rpf d de lb `g k;D kn;kG 4x s q , s Xe? Nhi je jdy kLL yd Cgu tkv jkv ]sxSN Cgu hH ji kje ksr 4g Cgu w s ss s a , a w , s , upo rev cl Cgu df Pi kX;D e I>> hdlb jGf e cv xSN ji kje ikv 1 w X a T s a w , s 4g upo rev kr krhx g dhO cl g krgd e g dhO cl df gd jk,v Skv , 1 s , wa T , X a ikv lki je 4g krgj ekjkv kLc l ugd dhO ksd cl kg k;x kgd kt ]LN ss , \ s s s s s \s ksd rkc hldf kucf kr ksg kuht l rfka' jk,v [l jxv elb df g Bx ksg kF s s q X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 93 egaP

4g krki l , koof dfk;D 4g krykL k/kc e ukKof ksr ]Skt Ldi jkt hH lkoof kd dr X , X \ s fku jxv 4ksg ku k;D kd gjr hldf lkoof go gkp 4g hrLi k/kc e ukKo X s , \ X f Cgo g krksg lkoof hH kagt jkv 4hxLi k/kc e ukKof l kuksn ub 4krdl k , , s \ X s X s g Cgu et kd ukKof l kukn ub g dkujr[ kuksn g; jkv 4g lkoof kukn s X s T X , T X s g; 4Cgu krukt g kruke g Cgu joB df g krgd drfku 4Cgu krukt g kr , , , , uke jk,v g joB g krgd drfkv 4kd drfku dS g krksg lkoof kd drfk , , , v dS g rkg lkoof d gjr ksn 4jd ku gxkv hH Syf d uuke ku ksr ukt T s s s X z s s X ku kag ]y ku ukt dr ct kXg ku htkj ksd uuke ji rehd hldf hH hHd go X s df kxLi kun jH gsnl e u[ dum 4hxLi hun k{'f hd gnl ksd kXpc jkv s \ s a X q s s \ s sa , 4ksg et kd jkp of ld ]kg et kd ukKof ld jGf ksr g krkg Cgu jxv go jkv 4hxL\i huj s , s s , , s , s d regf hd uksg rufkeiv 4hxLi hun Lks\N Gf hd jnkv jkl ]ukel jkl s s \ s s s s X kd kxksy Nd 4hxLi hukIt regf kd kxky Nd krdl skg Cgu et kd ukKo q s \ q s X s q f kr ksg ku uknyfc Syf d ;l jkv 4g Sg l ydfe uknyfc Syf d ;l s s , T q s q s 4Tg uknyfc Syf d ;lv cl g; dp ksg uknyfc Syf d k;BklB ]sdp kg u s s q s X q s knyfc Syf d k;uf,t ]dp kg uknyfc Syf d kvngV ]dp ksg uknyfc Syf d s a s q s s X w s q s Xkukeyle ]dqp ksg uknyfc rgc kr Syf d ;lv 4Skt ksg uknyfc Syf d q s q s s a s ;l go df hxLi hukIt regf ksd kxky Nd ksr g kujd kni urpV dufkKo s \ q X s q , , , 4xSkt yef e y/ eg ]xXkg s a X w s Cgu hH d Cgd eg e hnl hyko ukv ksr g krkg kni Cgu urpV dufkKo jx s X s , s , , v g krgd likv e jkv g kujd kni urpV dufkKo e ukrngV jxv g rj wa s T , , , , X q , Wt cv 4k;x k[ jGf jkv kvg kn,i jkpof Nd ksr u kxky l sLks\F BkIt re s , q q s X s s q gf sulm ct k; k;ki kIt Cgu regf hlS ukrngV udfy 4g Cgu kZ;pir q s q s , Bksd jkv uekl d kHrfi rDjfrfv d regf hd uLks\N kd regf hd uLks\N k , s s z s s s s s d ukel d gjr cl Syf d ;l ]g dS Glf kZ;pir 4g gj gd kZ;pir s s , Z T s eg ksd kXrkc hjkl ub 4g hrksg ydfe hLc Xe uk[ kuk[ jGf ksr ]Skt gj [ , q \ s a s H jH suhge unf ln jkp kn 4g lk;v Glf ]g Cgu k;pir Bksd kuje k[H w s , Z , Z w 4g hrksg Ghydr e uksg L[ jrhH d ukde jGf 4g krkt ksg lk;v kr Skt , X s s \ s , s a ksg sL[ unf jkp kn jk,v 4g y[ kd ldjl g Cgu k;pir kuksg kL[ e iw/ \ s , s , Z \ X ]hd Cgu W' kZ;pir hH hHv su kHrfi hd ukrngV df g g; kuuke kuiv q z q , kje 4syef hlkaG gkp yef jnkuv gkp ]xgd hgo eg g dhO kst df gd jkv s s s s s X , X , 4n jke rky ksd jnkv jkv jd regf go df g Bki kg Cgu hL[ kjk/ hd X , X , s \ kXdjkpof joregf urb hHv e ukrngV jkv 4ksjd nc kun jnkv skdlm ksg k s X q , a s rjd jkdub kd kX;>fel ku hjkgr kt jk,v 4ksg krjd jkdho ksd k;>fel ku s q s X hjkl hjkgr kt ksn kdlm jnkv g h[j jd kFo; dS ]dS e ukrngV kr q s , X q s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 04 egaP

Syf dltf `k;D g lki dikv ]kx[n Bksd k;D jkv 4g gj kt yp gd ikv s , s s s X , T s s s hg n[ g; 4Gjr hdikv g kgj [n uk,d ~ ~ ~Bksd ]kn u'n xke ]ksn ukK de q , s s Z Z fk;kv eg df g hgj [n Gjr hd rjkH k;ufn hjkl df g rk>el Qx jkeg X , s q T s q s 4Gjr hd hldf kgj [n Cgu Bksd ]Syf d ukK g hgj [n Gjr hjkeg k;ufn hjkl 4g s s , s q T rjGf rgd kru jkl d de jkeg kr ]okut ksd k;ufn eg df g ekd hg s s s s s q s s X q , dS kjkeg cv ]dp ukt eg df g g; kokn kjkeg ]g ek,d rqHnv lcl eg s q , T . s e kek,d um j,kv k;yf ukt kd ;l ueg df g hrjd kokn ek,d kst jkv 4Cg X X s s , , u kokn kd usy ukt ]Sgfkp hujd kOp hd suukt kd ;l 4g k;yf ukt ksd s s s , ;l df kxWd Cgu kokn Syflb 4kxgj krukt dr <{ rje ]kxgj krukt Te a wa s wa 4Skt kg ;lv go g kgj gd ;l tkv e ltf jkv ]y ukt jkv Te s wa T s , wa , yd 4Skt kg rifkF ;l hg k;u df g krdl ksg jkv y ukt j,kv e yd s , , wa T 4Skt ksg Igkync hd ;l df g krdl ksg jkv kxy ukt jkv e yd 4g krL , , wa , T , i eyke ;l g; ji jk/kv dlm g krukt kt e drtkv df g krgd g; g \ w s wa s T , o 4g ;l ejp hgo g kgj gd tkv e kst df krgd Cgu g; henkv kd 0fc , wa T q dufkKo ksr 4g rkc hd lkdof rgc hxntV ]hxntV 4g kgj gd e sikPc e h , , q wa X q\ T go kF kgd kt e uipc ue 4g krgd tkv e hgo kF kgd kst klji ue 4g s X s T wa X X s T wa krgd tkv e hgo kF kgd kst yd ue g rxl e 4g IIlufd e df kxgd T s T wa a T wa T T s henkv go udfsy ]kPc xkv go ku ]ktks[ ulm ku ]kpskl ulm ku ]kgj krkjg \ s s s k,n jH hxntV kdlm kF k;x k;nf k[hl e uipc kt 4kF LifI ]kF 0fc Lt s X s w q \ 4k;x je Sg rgd ekj7ekj kF henkv dek/ rgc df g krk q s q , s g Uli kLc de kjkl jk,v 2ekj g g krgd jkv g krLs\kN lkal hj[fkv rDo z \ q s , , , rje ikt kd ekj7ekj kF k;x k;k[hl kdlm e uipc ltf g krgj kruke s X , dr en rje kd Cgm go g krksg kL[ jd uke ksd k;>felku utf kpc 4g s s , \ X , krje hg ngV g krksg kni hg ngV kpc [n rkc hd te Lc ikv udfy 4kF k w , , w X s s s \ s ruke e ykl lhc kst g krdl uke ld hgo henkv e ykl hlv kr kxksg kv X , s , X s g lkdof jxv jkv ]ksg kvg ku lkdof kdlm 4ksg Bx dQ hLiks[ hdlm hg Xe q , q \ ykl lhc ]ksg ku hg ktks[ Nd ]ksg ku hg kpkl Nd ulm ykl Okl kr k; g q s q s s , krdl uke ld e em hd ykl hlv g kruke henkv kt e em hd ykl lhc s , X z , s X z 4g 0fc Lt ZGlf Cgu uknuke T q \ B go 4g jknukeB dDi eg g ruke hgo hH e em hd ykl hlv F ruke k T s T s X z s s s t e em hd ykl lhc 4gj IIlfd e hxntV eg df g rjd kokn xksy skt 94 X z s T a X T s kxWd Cgu kokn kdlm g krukt kt e ksr kxSkt Pc ]kxSkt ync ukK yd g a wa s T \ wa krgd l cklgf lm kje g ukK kurtf dr hHv hH go g krukt e kst jkv s s , wa T , 4g kgj jd ''fksd hd uukt e g; ]g krukt Cgu e g; g krukt e g;8 ] wa s T wa T wa T df gd go df ksg kLc gjr lb kpc jg eltf ]Sgfkp hukt hd ni kog dS s \ X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 14 egaP

df dufkKo kd k;ufn Syflb 4Xy Ikac eg 4y jd j;' kvkv ksr ksg kukt N , q X s s d hH ueg jxv g gj jd ''fksd hd suukt eg g krgd go 4g ycg rgc q s T s , , a q g euof go 4k;yf ukt ;l sueg df krgd Cgu g; ukKof 4g Cgu jknokn u , z , s kKof dfk;D Cgu kL\x> Bksd lki d ukKof 4k;df e[ kd kLx> kGn hygi u X s s X \ s ukKof ]Skojd L\x> su ke/ ]sxkXg ukjg ikv kvg Cgu kLx> <jkd d ukKof s , q \ s 4uc <jkd kd s suykL e kL\x> kd k;ufn go ]k;df kokn kd uukt kd ;l u kxksy utf 4k X X s q s s s X ;x k;yf ukt ;l df kgd ukgtf ]k;kojd u kxky um kLx> jkv g gj skg s X s X s \ , T s d rkc lb L\x> ]g gj ksg d rkc ldf L\x> jkv g rkg Lx> ]g krdkTH wn s s T s s s , T s s s , gV 4g krdkTH kjN e hrkN ukeyle ksr 4g ;l hgo g krdl Ikd uZnx hdl , q X q , , df uk,d g jkoyr hLc lki dldf 4g Cgu hg ;kim d ujd 0lf rka0lf Bkd , \ s T s s s j,kv ]g hrkv yduf jkoyr kr g kdldf ;l df g rksg I>> e kuhr cv T X s , T s a X X 4g xyv7xyv sLc T \ ;l d kuhr jkv k;yf ukt ;l ueg g krgd ut jkv k;yf ukt ;l ue s X , s , , , s g g krgd ngV jkv k;yf ukt ;l sueg df g krgd ukeyle dfkX;D 4k;df , w , , q kni etbIfuf i kr/kare e k;ufn su kxky Cgm ]k;x k;yf ki ;l df kgd , , X q X s g; u kxky utf jkv 4kxSkt ksg e he hjkeg ;l ksr cr 4xSkt kg Lc sl s X s , X q s a s s \ ;l eg ksr cr ]k;yf ki ksd ;l ji ueg df xgd eg df kxkg Cgu klS h sw s s X s s Hd udfsy g rdl jd k_k; g rdl nd e jxkl d ;l eg hg lS 4k;yf T s T s w X s s s Cgu ki el sueg udfsy g rdl nd e el eg 94kxdl kt kukt Cgu kji q T s w X q s w hH hHd dfk;D g ruv ;l8 ]df kgd kGn hygi u ukKof df g g; ksr pl X , a s , 4g krkt ksg IBkuBkG g krkt , , ksg rk' g krkt ksg refhl l gto hd uukt krdl kg Cgu ruv go Skt k a , s s s a ;yf ukt kt 4g hIm hLc rkc kukn 4g k;x k;yf ukt ukoxH df g rgd G s T \ X X s , T s jr hjln jk,v g rauv ukoxH df g rgd ksr Gjr dS go g henkv dek/ k w , T s , s t g rkc hd te Lc jk,v jkrof g ehlv kurb ]jkrof g ruv kurb 4kxS , s s \ , , a kt gj "s' ksd uukt kt 4kxksg kLkF llm k'eg go xukt kurtf eg df rx s s s\ s s s X t g ruv kurb 4sxy ukt Nd cl eg df kxSkv Cgu rof klS hHd jk,v g , a X q s T gj kt rukt ]g gj kt rukt ]hd uukt ]hd uBku g k_k; dS7dS g gj k s s T s s s s , T s t syp rukt eg 4k;ufn g Bx Cgu jgO Cgd g k;x k;yf Cgu ukt Bkd 4g s q , , s , hju'qy;S g uke lkdof oHuv kd ;l jk,v k'nf hd ;l jkv lkdof ;l w , q , 4g Sk<jk/ hd Rpf h/ksjof ukKof ]dGfI T a fbklIfaS g dufkKov g; 4g k;x k;nf [yf ;l erfav cl jkv ]g k[yf cl , , , , , e kXckrdf hjkeg 4g Cgu hdkc Nd ]g Cgu kuukt ]g dp hg ukt skd ;l X , q , T s q eg 4g k;yf ukt ksd ;l sueg df g rjd kokn eg udfy 4g Cgu hH Nd Xe , T s s , q lki df g krkt yp kri lm ]g hGkd kusy [n ksdikv 4g rjWt hd u[sn , s , s , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 24 egaP

of go ksg hgl kt g krdl ksg ]jd gnl tk[ ]ul e kd dr dikv ]uql ikv s , X s a s s wa q T s Z s X dr kje jd jkpof pksl udfy 4g krdl ksg dhO hH go g rgd kst ikv g Z s X X s , T s , hrgd go g euof knl 0fc dufkKo 4hrdl jd Cgu 0fc dufkKo kokn g; , z q , q , 4krdl Cgu kg ryx Nd elm 4g hg dhO g rgd kst go ]krkK d k_ s q X , T s s X k' ol ]kd ujd I>> lum kgj Cgu ;kim Bksd jGf dfk;D 4g hg dhO go g Z s a s X , T rgd kst jGf ksr g jxv Qqxrxt 4g dhO hgo g krgd kst e 4krkK kd k_ s T , wa T X k' Zol 4g Qxrxt e8 ]df kgd sukgm jdksg sL[ ji dBke jkv k;yf uhN d wa q T X \ , Bke ]Sx ksg tkjku en dS go Cgd sue rkc Nd 4e kuIi F Fkl je Qxrx T X q X s ss q t dS hHv 4Sg Nwi l rxt kucf 4g Qqxrxt e df g krgd henkv hH Bkd q s s wa T , s 4Cgu ckl gf Bksd kdltf g tr hurb kog g; e rjkH jkv `kvg Cgu rlfdof go df , s X , q g hd k;g hd ukKof e sokn d ukK jk,v lkoof go e k;ufn hjkl kr 4sdl , X s X q s kt xo go hdr kvkuc kdlm 4g k;n rHnv hLc g; 4'ok;n g; ]kvkuc Z s s , q . \ s jdn hH Nd ;H uHkyi Bksd ]kvkuc djd <"ks' kd chjx ]kvkuc hrnjct s q s z s s s ]ksvkuc jd kde/ ]ksvkuc jdn kli ]ksvkuc gjr hH hldf ]lm kvkuc Bkl s , s s B 4kxsLl e k;ufv hd dju 4kxSkt dIH kjkpc go kuc Cgu BklB henkv \ X X s kst df <jkd d k;n g; 4kvky phu d L> d klB kdcl df g krpkl BklB s s s s s a s s , s 4g rdl kt hg ukeyle kr xo 4g rdl kt Cgu xo xgj L\i e d T s q s Z T s Z s X s X ju cl ksr Bki uc ku k;ufn ukeyle jxv dfk;D ]k;D 4kvkuc ukeyle kd q q X X s q s k;ufn cl df g krpkl ukeyle <jkd d okH k;n ZGlf go g rjd ''fkd q , s q s T s s hd suky e he hdlm hH ksd kjln <jkd d okH kol ]jkpc rDH sdlm jG X q X w s s s s f 4kxSkt Cgu go k;kv Cgu lki je kst jkv 4xo g krdl kt hgo kxSkv l ss , Z , ki je kst jkv g Cgu e he hd hldf jk,v g e he hje lki jkeg ;l d ss , , X q , X q s s f g krjd okn go 4g krksg hjkdgv en dS henkv dek/ 4Cgu e ]g rgd , s , a T T s dek/ eg kdltf henkv dek/ jkv 4krdl ksg Cgu Ibksxb dufkKo Syflb s , , 4g , ruv go g krukt Cgu e kt ]g iv rgc go g krukt e kst df g hrL\i h a wa T s , q wa T , u[hl g; lm kreuof hjlhr 4g krdl ksg ryx yd go k;yf ukt hH kst d s z , f g hrL\i hu[hl g; lm kreuof hjln 4g Cgu krukt e df g hrLi hu[hl , s z w wa T , \ g; lm kr hIhyef hygi 4kxLi kukg ycg lm ]g krLi kuuc euof lm s s s \ s a s , \ z s g kuuc dufkK,o kdltf ]kuc euof df krgd Cgu hH hHd ukKof jkv 4k;ku , s s z , c Cgu hH su hldf kurm 4k;kuc hjkdgv ]k;kuc Ilbkxb ksd henkv kurtf u a s s ke/ jkv 4kuc euof df g rgd e/ df sxkXg ukjg ikv jdukt g; 4g Cgu , s z T s Z , T zeuof g; dfk;D 4k;D krki ksg Cgu dS kvg kukt kdub Qx dek/ g; udfy X X q q s 4g krkt ksg kvg kukt kd , q cl go 4g krkt ksg Fkl dS kdcl kvg kukt kdlm ]kg kgj ukt e ukd hl , q s X s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 34 egaP

;lv hurtf jk,v 4g krdl kt k;k>el l huklkv e em hLc hg hurm ksg , s X z \ ;l kurtf df g g; ksr pl g krdl kt k;k>el r<fx 4g _l /hl d r<f , , T w s s x dfXk;D 4g krdl kt k;kPi ksd henkv d ykl lhc ksr ksg kukPi r<fx jxv , \ s \ 4g ydfe rgc ksr kuk>el rkc ryx jkv 4g ky , q q X , , eke ydfe kLc kuk>el jkv 4kxSkt kg hjWt kuk>el ji uksg ukot dfk; q \ , s s X D 4Skt k;nf ykL e/ e xkenf d kXpc hg e uipc df g rgkp QxZe/ cl Z X s X T s q Syf hlb 4gj uk; g; g hrkt hjH Sk>el kucf k'eg thp ryx 4hrdl s , s kt Cgu hg hjH thp ryx jdk>el 4g k;x kjH Cgu jd k>el ksdikv chdj , r hd sujH 4g k;D g kri ksdikv chdjr hd ujH jkv g kvg kjH cl e xk , , s , , q X enf jkeg ]Cgu udfy 4Wd lk;i Nd kd uukt Nd hH e nks[ e ksvkt ikv s s a z q s q T wa T 4ksjd ki hurb hH s >qe k;yf tks[ Syf uiv suikv ]kn sutks[ hH >e df gd jk,v 4aWd jkdeu s s s q wa ksd 0c ]Wd jkdeu ksd jhokge ]xyv [j kd krhx ]xyv [j ksd ukjd ` q a wa s wa q ;l g k;D kxstks[ Cgu hHd jkv 4kxgj krkjgksn kd hlm go jH hxntV cv , , s s 4k;x k;nf ykL ukjd e xkenf dlm df 4g yH hdlm hg kurb k;x ksg kn q X s , w i e j? ukeyle henkv dS 4Sx Snf ykL _k' ngV e xkenf dlm df 4g , X q q X s , /kjiv kdlm hg kurb k;x ksg kni e j? wngV henkv dS 4Sx Snf Lsl? _ , X q k' u,t e xkenf dikv df 4g jld kdikv hg kurb lc 4Sx kg kni e j? X s , w s , X ut dS ikv ~ ~ ~udfy g kvg k;df ;r uldf 4g k[j jd ;r cl ulm g , s , q s , s , kvg kjH l rki{i henkv dS7dS henkv kjkl kd de lb g xkenf lLfpzi q s q , q 4g ;r l ygi kuksn dfk;D T s s X X ]Cgu kxul hd hldf Bksd ]gj krkypf e ]gj rkypf ikv 4g krdl ksg nk s q wa T X s , oof ]krdl ksg Cgu u'duf;k,d ]krdl ksg Cgu nkol krdl ksg Cgu ;<uf Bk s w a Z s d hHd udfsy Ly kuksn eg g ewyke l sygi ksdikv g eyke l ygi >qe 4kx X \ X , s , w s s s s jd tks[ ld henkv go 4g kri hg l ygi >e df g kryp jduke g; hen s , , s s s q , kv kt 4g k;D ;l df g kri hg l ygi eg g Oc Sdf nc hg l ygi eg k s , , s s X T s, a s s ;D jiM d xkenf Sgfkp Cgu ktkojn ]jk} Bksd Sgfkp uiky[ ]Sgfkp luui s q , ksv ksd rf0fi dufkKo 4krksg Cgu kn,i ukKof l gto hdltf g yH dS xken , s , w f nc ]Lbke LkyD e kyH hnk;ufc hd rjkH df g; go jk,v rkc erfv dS a a s X X w q a 4Sgfkp ue kvg ky[ Lbke uifkv q q a s ksr Syf dlm udfyjkpof ]pkl ]tks[ ]Skv `g k;D ;l df g g; ykol s s X X s X , , 4g ykol kd jkv hldf ku ]g ykol kje ku 4Cgu utk;i l k;rDf; ]utk;zi , , , s s z s X s s l ;l 4g k;nf ksd k;ufn dufkKo ]utk;i l ;l FI jkG uld kGn hygi , q , s z s w a 4g Cgu utk;i hH ksd hldf l ;l 4er df rht e g krgd Qxe/ ud , s z s q wa T , q Z fy 4Sgfkp kurht ;l g Cgu ;e Bksd kd surht ujkg jkeg 4Skt jkg hH s , q s s a ikv ]Mkt jkg hH e 4kxSkt rht ;l 4Skv yduf l dr ]l jkpof ]sl nko a T s Z s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 44 egaP

k,v l ujd kL[ kxau d h_ g krdl ksg /cl Bksd `/cl k;D kd IsiFI sl s s \ s , a a a a w uisxu d h_ ]kxdcf IiFI jk,v 4kxdcf l gto hd uixu d h_ jkv ]kxd a s s s w s s s a s , s cf l gto hd h_ go 4kpc IiFI jkv 4ksjd kL[ kxu ksd h_ Syflb ]kd s s s s w , \ a h_ g k[H "Qi jg jk,v ky kn;kG hH kd yhiv lm 4g yhiv lD,l hdlm , w q s , 4ksvkpu ksjd kL[ kd ;e jGf kr 94g Bx ksg em g; \ s q 1 s , z hje l Idcf d hlm hxn kli knk; huid kt 4g k;D tkj hylv kd em h s s q s s , s , z je df g kvg Cgu ;r hHv 4g kgj kg u'S'fkxuf hHv 4g hgj yp rhprkc s , q , s , s hHv 4g knk; em hje l gto ldf df g krdl krc e cr Skt ksg ;r rk , z s s wa T c ct 4g krk[ Idcf d huid ldf e df 4g hgj yp rkc hje l k;ufid wa q s T , s s X hd gjr kn hHv 2ksjgO hHv8 ]df kgd ulm 9`g k;D tkj kd em hcy hur s s , z a b hdikv8 ]df kNi sulm jk,v ]ji Okx "o Coln kl dS hdlm k;x jkd_i w a Z , dS lki dlm 4kd Z"o ln k,l dS Bksd e lka kF kPc dS df kul hHv uTe s X q\ q s 4k;df kdkucf cd u h_suHfv eGf df g krkt uNi Bksd ku ]re kvk> s , s w s el 4g Sx kg l kdkucf rkn yhdep urb df 4ksjd kL[ Fkl d krkn Sg sr T s s a s s \ s X a q kjde kd h_uHfv eGf 4ksnhj[ Ii rFfd kucf df skvkxy jIksi e keulf q s s s X s 4 s s xkvkt Li e ydfe kr Li e I>a> lb dfkX;D 4g Cgu hg rjWt Bkd hdlb \ X q s s \ X , s g kNv k;D df re kvk>el 4g kNv lcl ri Nd kd kucf df ksykduf Xe , X X , s zs q jkc[v tksj lc skvkjgksn Glf g rgd dufkKo 4g Cgu rjWt Bksd hd uk> Z T s , , s el 4ksvkjgkn Glf re kvk>el 4g chdjr hg dS hd ujH 4g kgj kt kjH g s Z s , s , ; e xkenf d kXpc jkv ;i g /kl go jk,v 4g kgj jd rkc hO> jlkjl g X s , w , q , X w o Cgu kri hH Nd lm jkv 4ksg kgj yksc pl lt g kgj k>el l te lb j q s , s , , s s , , kv ]g kgj k>el s'Du d {kse d dju jkv xo henkv dS jkv 4g kry kp s s , Z , , s c SiQ pki O> kIkse7kIkN g krykc Ow> kl7uk,d g ukeBc g jksp henkv dS a w s , s , s , 4g ekunc jk T , v g gj ykc Ow> Ikse7IkN jkpc go g rgd e k;ufn lb eg kdutf henkv T s s s ss s s T s X q s jc kag; 4g gj ykc O> hnk;ufc rgc go g rgd henkv Nv rgc eg kdu sw T s s w q q T s s q s tf kag; df 4g Cgu kri hH Nd kd hxntV hHv gm ]kxyksc k;D O> henkv , q X s X w g; dfk;D 4kxkg krkt kgd hg dhO go g krkt kgd kt g rpksl go g krkt X s , s T s , kgd hH kst kdum hHv 4g yofIf,tl ydycf go 4g gj ul jkpc pc go s T q T s q s s s 4g rkg iW urb ]g srksg o T s s s T n urb ]g rksg {ke ]g krksg dju ]g krksg xo ]g rksg rirH ]g hrksg Ske s s T s s , , Z T s zs w T a kv ]g krksg /kcuf g kgj kt k;k>el ksd kpc um 4Cgu kri Nd gtf hukt , s , X q X Bk>el rkc kd kXpc um dfXk;D 4g kgj ksg /kjiv kL\c lcl go 4g gj kP X s , s T s i /ksc ykc ksd kpc g Oc hlk;l /kl ]e kjnfe g hy[ Skyk'Oki Syflb \ X T s, a q X X a T q a 4hrksg Cgu 0fc Bksd lki d spc ct e kFov /kcv hurm ]kXg huk[hl rkc q s X s X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 54 egaP

f g dke lhr e kl ksr ks[j e xj uhr kdlm d udcf dlm dk,e cu e kl T s , X , X a s s s s s s X , s kr 4ks[j jdrksi e xj yky ksd cLf hlm jxv df g rgd dufkKo go kr X a s T s , s 4g , Cgu cyre Bkd llb g k;D jrhH d cLf ]xj 4g krkt jrm e ;n dum s s , s s a , X s s l hnt xj kl7uk,d kd kX;_f 4Sgfkp huksg e cLf d xj ldf ksg hupc thp a s X s s a s s , q kt g kvg kgd u dufkK,okue d kago g Sg Sdf ;kim cl d upc jkv 4g s s s T q s s s , , krgkp kupc jknukdn kt g hrky nhj[ kso go 4CF Bx unhj[ kt hrnhj[ s w s T s s Cgu kso go ]hH e kdhjev ]hH kg; 4g pl g; rckc d k;_f l jk,rekv 4g X a , s X s T hrkt hyp jdnhj[ hjln ]Cgu hg hrnhj[ ksr go g hrkv unhj[ thp kst k w T s X a ;_f df g g; go k;nf kthru kt sukgm 4g kd hukjg hLc go pgi ji thr , s X , , \ s qa s u ltf jkv 4g hrkv sunhj[ ukekl kago k;_f kst k;df ol kd k;_f ukgm , T a X s X kago g Sg Skuc Idke jil e kdjfev kst 4k;df ol ukgm e kdjfev hHv , q q X s X X 4kdkucf g kgj gd kjkpc g , s o cv 4g k;x k;nf jd jeg 4g k;x k;nf dksO kdkucf ji yhj hd xkenf d , s , s lm 4kgj gd Cgu jd pksl go g kgj gd jd pkl e df g krpksl go jkv wa s T , , 94kdkucf8 ]g krgd go 9`IiFI kl ukd8 ]g krNi jknukdn 4g kvg kxy j , s w , , w w , q P hd kIiFI ji ukdn k;x jktkc henkv go jGf 4ksgj rykL e xkenf klw? s X s w w s X 4g kgj kt kyp krl? e xkenf go jk,v ]kdkucf jGf kdkucf df kxLi ku[ , q X s \ s n ksdikv g hjcte jGf ksr kx>c jkc jkc ct jkv 4kx>c go jn hurm sl , w s w , s w s s s phu dlm kyduf jn hurtf 4kxLi kuPi jGf k;x >c jGf 4kdkucf kxLi ku s s s \ w s \ Pi jGf kyt jGf ]k;x >c jGf kdkucf cv 4g hjcte go 4g krLi kuPi j \ w , w , \ \ kc7jkc kdlm ksr jkc7jkc kvk>c jxv jkv henkv g krPi kGn hg dS ksr g s X w , , X j hg syt jxv dfk;D kvk>c kvkyt df kgd u kXdufkKo 4g rgj r>c ryt X s w s s , T s s w s go cv F rgj syt 4F rgj jFf cc d hytcf df g g; ksr ygi jkdo s s s s s , s fkv g jkdofkv Su Su d hytcf ksr cv ]Ii FI kdkucf kr ksyduf ji d , s s w s L\l 4Ii FI kdkucf ksr yks[ k;Lfj ]IiFI kdkucf df ksgd hgo tksj tksj 4k s w s ss s s w s vkt yp Skjgkn 4ksvkt yp Skjgskn jkv g gj ykL jgt 4g gj jd ckj[ u s s s , T s T s rpV kdlm g gj jd ckj[ ksd xkenf dlm 4ikv g gj n uHkyi kdlm g; T s s T s s s z s 94g dhO kukt hg Zxo df g krgd kpc g krkt kv kuky[f kr g krkt kv , , , , s , kuky[f ksgd jd O,c sphu dlm 92ksjd kuekd hH kt8]g krgd kpc 4,g hrkt , s s , ksg ujksG ksjd kuekd hH kst kvkt Oc sphu sdlm g {o id kago g ruke u s , , 1 T s koxH kago df g krksg k;D e xo jkv 94g sryt Xe xkv go ruke Cgu kst k , X Z , T s s d ukoxH8 ]g krgd g krjL l suyL e xkv kpc 4ruke Cgu ksd ukoxH kt , , s X s s xksy go g rLi e xkv jk,v 4g hgj yt xkv e dju df ksgd ksd pc dS , s \ X , X s 4g chdjr hd ujd u'Lfd ksd xke , s a nf d henkv df g rukt henkv jk;'fksg udfy g Cgu /cl Bksd l IiFI j s T s s , a a s s w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 64 egaP

s ukt e ntfe ]krkt Cgu e ntfe hd ukeyle ngV Syflb 4kuul re rkc X X q w q hd jlwn g kgj kt k;k>el hH g; jkv 4g kgj kt kykL e xkenf lc `g h s , , , X , gj kt Bkrc rkc g; jd Ni l kron ldf 4g rljr kd ukg kni krosn ji w s s T s s s s , efH ngV 4g OJZol e/ ngV hg l uipc kF Cgu okup Bkd ]Cgu 4Sx kg sl w w , s Z w s q s s d ngV ikv df e suup dikv hF lbkp Bkd ]kF kup uikv jGf `g k;D e/ , w X q s s s q s , Z BklB `g k;D e/ u,t `g k;D e/ ukeyle df kF k;krc u hldf ],g kNv , Z , Z q s s lcl e k;ufn e/ ngV df kF k;k>el u hldf k;nf kuc ngV uldf kdikv X w Z w s w s s 4g hgj kt hykL rkc Nd e xkenf dikv Sk>el ucf g; g kg , q X s , j kg Cgu jdk>el df jdukt xkg ukjg ikv jkv 4g kgj jd <"k' sl gjr s s X , , , s hlm hH jknukdn cv g k;df <"k' l gjr ldf kd ue d henkv u kvQx w , s s s s s X q e/ l xP dufkKo ]ukKof Bu go cv 4g Qxe/ Su jknukdn Su g jknukd Z s a , T q Z w T wn sukji Qqxe/ 4g kgj yp kri cv kd kjknukdn g rukt chdjr go sl yg q Z , s X w T s X s i Qqxe/ 4g chdjr hd ujd u'Lfd kd Lbke 4krkg Cgu l uk>el Bkd g; Z T X s a s a s s s s udfy 4CF Cgu hg hunhj[ kdikv kt g rnhj[ go ikv thp rkl sl Xe ln s s s T s X 4Tg Bx hn pc kdlm l chdjr dufkK,o kt g hrkg go rkl g krkv henkv unhj[ kt s s s T s , s s ,g hrkg go kr thp uhr l e kthp ln df g; go g kyduf kthru skt kdu s s X s X X , m kr 4g kvg k;df ektrb cl kdlm thp Bkd Sgfkp ld hupt jkv ky [ s , q a s s , a , s j jd ykduf go pat kt kdikv g Cgu kyko uNi Bkd likv cv kvkt yp s s s , s w s s s s jnv d ukdn jkv ky hLkx kyF ikv ]Bx hn n hLkx kyF hIkN Xe Fkg dikv a s w , s \ , s \ , s s henkv kyko uy kli ji tkojn Glf 4g [yf ekn dum g [yf eku dum s s , s Z T s s T s s g h[j thp cl k;x k;nf kIg henkv l ji jImkd d kdhjev e Idke jiql , X s a s X 4g krkt k;krc IsiF , w s I kr Sgfkp IiFI s>e df g hrgd go kr ]kdikv Sgfkp k;D df kxNi jkn s w q , s s s w ukdn kr hxSkt go ji ukdn hd ukrngV g krNi henkv ji jImkd jkv g w s w q , w a , , krLi kukv jd pkl l j? skdlm dfk;D ]g k;x k;yf kIg henkv sl jIamkd \ s s X , ]l Idke jil d kdhjev Syflb 4g krLi kukv jdpkl l j? skdlm jkv s q s , \ s s , 4g krLi kukv jdpkl l j? kdlm jkv 4g krLi kukrc go g Bkv jdpkl , \ s s s , , \ , s kt l ygi kd h_ kr `kdikv g kunhj[ k;D8 ]df g krNi henkv go kr s s s s s s , , w s kg henkv Bkd ji jImkd jxv df k;df oHuv g; ukgm Fkl d k;_f jkv s s a q s X s X , 4g hrLi ygi [kv , \ s a hdlm ji utf 4g rLi e /hl dhO d [kv hd h_ kt g d kGkue d/fkol T s \ X s a s T s q Z s , kt g kr[j cLf go e phc 4g ed kGkue eutf g kr[j cLf go jiM Xe s X , q X , s Idke jil d kdhjev jknukdn kr 4g dke cu dlm kr k[j e /hl yd q s q s T s , s s s s X q ycf hd [kv jxv g dke ln k[j phu ydycf jxv ]kd udcf g kdke d a T s , s s q s , , S e kl jGf kr k[j jiM ydycf ji hjkeyv kdlm 4g hgo ]thp d udc X , s s q s , s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 74 egaP

g uOfd rgc kuksg rDe l k;l j/v 4g uklkv rgc ksr kukt ksg rDqe sl , q q s X sw , q ;lv 4krki ksg Cgu rDe l ;lv ;que Syflb ]g Sx Skrc kd ;ue ;l q s T s q j/v l7rgc jkv 4krksg Cgu k; g krksg kr k; 4g krdl ksg Cgu k/kv hHd sw s q , , s , ;l dfk;D Cgu rksg ;l jkv g rLi Bk[nf ;l ];l /kv 4g krkt Li B X s , T s \ s , \ k[nf g krkg ;lv k/hl ;lv 4g rksg drk? knk; hH l k;lv ];l jw/ , s T s s X s v jkv Bx Cgu hH Bkrc hHd hukgd hjwi Syflb 4g krdl ksg hH dkujr[ , , kukrc kji ]dr cv g Bx Bkrc hg hj/v 4hxkg huql hj/v udfy hxkg huql w , w s w s s uikv ksr hukgd go 4kxgkp kujd W' e rkc hd tkv sl hukgd hl7hIskN dS s wa q T ]uekv ;if jse . z s u ZlksdLf a k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf lDkI a w tks[ hd rjkH Su 4jd jkdho ek<i kje X z s 4g krjd ek<i ksd kekeji Oc jrhH sdcl wa z s, e rv jkv 4g rgfzxuv rgc sllm ]kul l ei jk,v rfk' hurb ksd kXrkc hjse X a , wa q q q s zs a 4hxSkt ksg rkc e k_l d gcl hdum sxkg r/fcl lum ui kst 4kxWd rkc X X w s q X a a s z a hH e k_l d kXlji gcl yd 4kxWd rkc e yd go Sx gj ui jkv 4g sr X X w s q a T z , T dl n et ksd Rpf dufkKo eg kr ]Skv kog htkr 4g rjWt hd susn yks[ h s , s , dL[f jk} cl 4g rjWt hd usn Lkr ksd ue nc d 'n lb e /cl lb ygi \ , s s\ a s s X a a s 4Sgfkp ky[ xkenf kdlm g kst kr q , jkpof7krpkl 4k;x k;nf Cgu kdk,e kd ujkpof7upkl eg Xe /cl d e/ dfk s s s s X a a s Z X ;D 4g Cgu e yeke jkv hldf kurm g ukKv kurtf e yeke d e/ Syflb , X s , , X s s Z 4kn re suykc ksd jln ]kn uPi re ckrdf hd jln kn re ukt lki d Q s s s w s s \ s w s s s qx jln jkv ]kvko>el l Qqx uiv ]ksn <"kH kuiv kv]kPi ckrdf huiv ]kv s w , s s s s \ s koxy Lksc kuiv 4g k;df ektrb hH g; u kvQxe/ udfy 4krdl dkj Cgu Z , a s X q Z s s ksd jc[ hd kyko IiFI ]jln udfsy g krdl n jc[ huiv e k;Lfj jkv X s w s w , s X s s , 4g krdl ykduf hg Lks\F Lkc d kjln udfy g krdl kxy Lksc uiv `g k , s Z s s X w s , Z s , rdl jd k;D kyko kdkucf hn kxy dkj ukgm hd hjk;'fkg rgc u kvQx Ze s s X s q s X q / udfsy 4kukxy dksj ji lb g ydfe kjt udfy 4Skt yef kd uul rkc , q s a s s q hd IiFI jln ksdikv df sxjd Cgu nli hHd yko kdkucf ksr yp lc jxv s w s w X a s s 4kyeke g , krdl kLcL\x l suul rkc hd jln dfkX;D 4krkt Cgu e jnfe d <of kyko \ s q s w X a s q sukt e jnfe d o'f g rkc hd jn ksr g; 4krkv Cgu e jnfe d ngV kyko X a s T X w X a s w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 84 egaP

rpkl e /cl d kHrfi hd rjkH jkv kvk;el hd rjkH df Syflb 4g krg s s X a a s z , X wa kp kujd Wq' rkc huiv llb `k;D 4l hukgd h/kv hygi g hjWt knk; hu s X s , kgd h/kv g; jkv hxksg Cgu kri kdikv hukgd h/kv g; 4kF kukji uk/kel , s q udfy kF k;x ync ;el 4F Sx ync jnc dfk;D Bx ync k;el 4kF kLdi s s a X \ u ikc kst kF Ldi uk/kel hgo kIc kd henkv go udfy 4F Cgu htkj ksd s s \ s s s uk[ kjkcksn go F Sx k[ jkc dS k[k/ kt 4F Sx [hl dr cv jnc dfk;D s s s s s a X 4k;x kyp jiM jdkOm hH ksd hiksI lm jk,v kjrm phu s jnc dS kvg jkdep kLc udfy 94hn dG ji dLl hikI huiv ulm 4,g k; a q \ s T \ s s nf uk/kel >e u ikc je 4g uk/kel lki je udfy g hd hL[ k;el ueqr s q s ss , ss s , \ s ]Cgu kri gr ]kyxki8 ]kgd ulm ]klg go 94hF hn dG hikI huiv ulm k X q s s a T s s s r ]F Sx y k;ifskI hdlm jnc jkc dS8 ]kF kgd u ikc df k;kv yk;[ slm s s a a s 4hy[ nCu hd jxknkl 4Sx yp ji {o jkv bkxy ka;ifkI ukgm ]jrm phu q , s 1 , s s X s s jnc go 4k;x kl jxknkl 4F Oc ji {1o Ic Su 4hF Bx ync hH hrhc hd k a s , s s, ss X jnc um 4kF krdl [j ld gxt hjln j,kv dfk;D hF h[j u ikc kagt h[j a s , w X s hjdksI huiv go Cgo sulm jkv g rjgO ikc kgt g rkt jgO Cgo Ic d;ky , T s a T s ss ku 4kF kdW ikc kdlm kagt kdW phu d Lk> hlm jkv k;x upc k;ifksI kIc s s \ , s s a s 4ksg k[hl n[ kt g krdl k[hl hgo ikc 4k;k[lf q s , kupc k;ifksI hH ksd Ic u ikc 4g rksg rcfkl jhtt ikc cl Syf d tkel s a ss s T s X a s dfkX;D g rksg 0lf dkujr[ ikc cl lsS jkv 4Skt xkv djd jki ksd kehl T s s , a s s hd ikc Ic df krgkp Cgu ikc Bkd udfy 4g rPc xkv l ikc kt g hrPc ss s s T s \ s s s , \ xkv l kXIc LkF um k;ufn dfkyg 4kXg rPc xkv l ikc kt g rkg slS sIc e s s s s s\ q a s \ s s s T s s s s d rgc dfk;D 4hd W' hupc ka;ifkI hH u Ic lm jkv kvg kLc kIc kd jx q X q s s s ss , q \ s knkl jGf 4g hukgd h/kv g; 4hxksg hul suikv hukgd hurb 4k;kv Ik,y j? j , , q k,v Cy jd hdb k;ifksI u jxknkl 4Cn dG ji rkj jd ykduf k;ifskI huiv a s , T s a hH u kjnc 4hn dG ji rkj jd ykduf hiksI hugi ji jlf uiv u jxknkl s X a T s s s , 4krkg Cgu ydfe rgc kuy kojd hH Nd l k;pfydu 4kF hH Cgu yd s q q s q s X fe udfsy 4kusy liko l kjnc ksd k;ifksI um kF ydfe kLc 4CF Bx Cyp l q s X a X q \ ki d kjnc ji {o k;ifskI hjkl 4hy[ nCu hd jxknkl 4Sx Pp ji {o jkv s X a 1 a q , \ 1 , g hy ugi k;ifksI go u kjnc um 4g krpc jdkuc k;ifksI jxknk,l go 4g hy T a s X a , s a , yks[ hjdkI hdlm sukgm 4g jrm phu go jd[n ksd jxknkl Sg Skl lm s X T s s s , q s 4g lkouf kd kXjnc ji {1o 4g k;x kl phu d {o dS jk,v g k;x dF e sr , a , s s s 1 , X kj 4g k;x Gjr hd jktkc dS upc k;ifksI go 4g krpc k;ifksI jxknkl dS , s s a , s a , 3Adf g g; hukg , d go 4hxksg kri hukgd go kd hHl 4g rkPi e yd eg ksd kXpc IkN7IkN s T s \ X w ss ss 4g Bx Bkrc hg hukgd h/kv , g; hg hlS jkv 4g Cgu hH rkg ;l jkv g rn eH kd ukg ;l go dfk;D , T s s , T s s z s s X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 94 egaP

4g gj kj T s gkn eg l "o kjktg 4g k;nf kjgkn xkv jkv g kul l yNif k'eg 4g gj s s Z X , s s , , q s s s T s rjd hg nk; jkv rul l knl eg 4Cgu kukt ]g k;x k;df nk; kt rfe 4Cg s , s q s , s 1 u kukt ]g kul kt ufk; rfJ 4rfe jkv rfJ g eku kd k_k' ukji jkeg , q s q 1 , q , X s q s 94g rgd eg djd <je eg l hlm g kul ueg kt 4kul ueg lum ]kuql T s s s , q s s q s s s u "f+ kyG l "f+ kyG ]kul u "f+ kyG l "f+ kyG8 ]df g rgd g; a s a q s a s a T s hH _k' go ]g Oc eg jd Ldi kd k_k' utf df g krkg eyke klS jkv T s , \ s X , s w s , `g Syf tk[ cd Cgu kri 4Tg Syf t T s k[ ueg jRm d rkc d;i hd uoht 4g Cgu rofht go cv g Bx k[ krr s s s s z , , s a oht hdlm cv g hdp je ygi rgc kHrfi go g hrn jd nc kun et kd , q s q z , s a s s Su kHrfi kt jkv 4kxn sukg et ld kd Su ukel kd ukji g; jnkv kd z s , s s s , s s q s q ukji g; 4g ukel hg kurm 6kg ckrdf hukji hurtf 4g jnkv hg kurm kd , s q , lm e ue jkeg kg uk/kel kukji kurtf jkv 4g kvg hg kjgO rjkH sl cr X s s q , , q kd lkgrfb g rukt eg l ct lkgrfb rkK df g krxy hg klS 4g ydfqe s T s s , s , kugd hH g; ygi "o jktg urdf ]g Bx jgO cd Cgu kri df g hrkg ey s Z s , , s w ke hukjg hurb jkv 4g Bx jgO jd Ldi kd kuk/kel ukji kHrfi hd rjkH , , , \ s X s q z 4rki kg Cgu rlfdof go s s jkv g hrn k[ hrkuqp kurp hdum g rkt gj jd Iipf l uk/kel ukji x , , s s , s T s s s q ky kt udfy g kd lkdof d kurp ;e erfav 4g hrn hrkup hd utk[ kd s s s , s s w , s , q s s s uk/kel k;el udfsy g ;e kurm kd uk/kel ku ]g ;e kurm kd k;e , w , w l ku 4aSkt kg rlfdof eg dfkr ]tk[ uk/kel k;u ]jd jkdho hr,kup Bu s X s X q eg df g hruc kdke dS k;el Bu 4g hrkt kg rkel rjWt hd lkdof d , , , s s drfe hg kurm g rsy Ldi kd ukji eg kurtf g krkg rlfdof drfe T s \ s s q , s kjkeg kurm g rtk[ k;u eg kurtf ]l tk[ hd Su jrjuf ]l tk[ hd S T s s s s a s s u g hrkg rlfdof kHrfi dfk;D ]g Cgu ;pkv kr Skt kg 0Qov lkdof kd , s z X , Z s s kHrfi hd tkel lm g krkt kg rhH;H l Su jkv g kry >el e/ hg kd z , s s , , s Z s s uuke kd sukjqi tkel kt jkv 4g e/ j,kv g ;i kuuke kd ukji 4g iki k s s , , Z , q s s q , ujd tk[ hd Su ]g ;l hgo g k;kv l ukji kt 4g ;l hgo g k;nf u kj s , , s s q s , , s iji uk/kel kt df g hrkg g; Ifn hd hnkokjiji udfy 4g hrgkp uk/kel a s , s 1 a s , kvg kync k;el Bg hync 4rki jd Cgu kyckde kd uoht jkv g rkt j q q s q , T s kg ]g rkt kg rtfkji go g Oc kd uk/kel kt Sg Ldi llb krkg Cgu ukl T s s T s , s s q s \ s s dqu kd kvk;el Bkd llb 4g hrkt ync e <{7<{ Sk;el jkv g rokl s X s s T X a , T jkeg uk/kel 4Cgu hg rync jkeg uk/kel jkv g hrkt ync tkj Sk;el s s s , T s a 4k;nf ukg Cgu rlfdof kd kHrfi hd rjkH ulm 4etyfulhL s s s z s I nkokjiji ]g krgkp kugd tkv e _l kjln 4g kvg 0lf rk?ekv kd kH s a wa T w w , q rfi hd rjkH 4nkou;kyi etifdlS ]kgd yd ue _l dS ]_l kjlwn ;el z s s T w w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 05 egaP

ykol Bksd uekl d utv 4hF jRm kd k;el hldf krhx 4kxtks[ uk/kel s s qZ s jdyks[ krhx henkv jkv kxOm ykol kd hxntV 4xtk[ ukji knl uk/kel , s s X s s q eg udfy 4g Bu ydycf jkv g hd tkv k;el `g krdl kg Fv k;D `g k s , q , , , s Z , rdl kg xk;im k;D tkv kdlm `g kgd k;D u ue ygi "o jktg uhr yd s s , s q s Z q 4g kvg k[yf k;D e rfeue df g gj tks[ jkv xksy g , q X 1 q T s , ; g sOc jd yks[ rfe hd ue ksr g ykol kd upkl l jGf e /cal sd rN T , 1 q , s s s X a w v jxv 4g uk/kel ukji jkv g ckrdf hukji lki jkeg jk,v 4g hrn jd L T s q , T X q s , s s \ [ ykol Su7Su tkj7tksj hxntV df g g; go g krpV hLc l hLc kt uekl s , , \ s \ s s d rjkH 4g hrksg kni krpV cr ]g hrksg kni huk'ji 4g hrksg kni ttf cr s , , T , s , , ]cr jk,v krOc Cgu yeykr ]krOc Cgu kt e uoht Su jk,v ue ukji 4g ku , s , s X s q , kji ue kjkeg udfsy g k;u yirfi ksr uoht 4g Cgu hH Cgd kukji Xe uoht q , z , q 4kx Skt ksg 'soi kd Su kurdf ]kxSkt gc kukji kurdf kxpkl rkc Bu hurdf z q s s X Rpf e jH I? 4kxSkt ync cl kurdf e jH I? ]g rdl skg hgo sld 4sF X sa X sa T s , ;el rjd 'soi e ykg lb kt xkg Cgu hgo kr xyduf l ykg lb ikv ct s z X s s X s s X s nkc d jH I? lb jk,v 4F yd kt rdl ksg Cgu hgo ikv 4g krkt kyp kr s sa s s s , ync kr uoht krync Cgu kvg kje Glf ]henkv Sg je jGf ikv dfk;D r s q Z q s X kc g; g n[An rgc ksr ]g hgo jxv jk,v g Cgu hgo ikv 4kdp gc yt rg , q q T T q q c hH kd kurp hdikv 4kdp gc huki rgc kd kxx Xe I? lhck,p 4g Cgu hg s q q a sa wa o hH e kF k;kv hH gcl yd e ]g hgo ikv kr ku ]F Skv hH gcl yd i T q T T s s q kv 4g krLi Bk[nf hg klo eg Syflb kdl ksg Cgu lkdof el d u[n go , \ , X w s s s 4g rcl kd Bkjgx ed hd u[n go 4g , w s s , h>elku hd su[n jkeg Glf go ksr g hg klo df g krLi Bk[nf eg jxv jk s s Z , , , \ X , v 4kF kl,t krdl ksg Cgu kl,o dhO 4kF kst krdl ksg Cgu hgo l jGf 4g oH s , a lv kuksg rDfQui df ]g ykt rauv kurb 4hrdl kg Cgu rDfQui Bksd 4g kr q , s q , dl Cgu jgkn hH Nd ]g krjgkn Cgu hH Nd g krjgkn Cgu hHd lkgrfb 4g s q , s q , s , krjgkn Cgu hH Nd e rxt 4g rgd Ow> ydycf go lGlIb lIhijf hIg s q X T s q , f df g rgd xksy kt 4g hrjgkn Cgu kjkcksn jGf rfFf hukji Bkd 4kxjd Cg T s s , s q s s u ekd uk/kel kukji go 4g rkv sy uk/kel kukji jkv g rkt yp utks[ q T s q , T s s s e ckrdf huiv eg jkv ]ksvky uk/kel k;u g hrgd k;el Bu d;i dfk;D X , , s z X 4g hrksg eyke oHlv ;tof hjkeg e "?l d uoht rht , w a X Z a s hjkeg dr cr ]xkenf kukji g; ]g drfe g; dr ct dfk;D dl rht e q , X X g df g hrLi Bk[nf k'kv ed rgc hH yd jk,v g gj jkg hH tkv jkv 4g , \ q T s , T Sx yp rjkg tksj eg e hxntV Syfhlb 4g Cgu hH Nd jkv d kuk/kel S s s X , q , s X g Ll jk/m ukji ;kolf lki d drfe jkeg 4g Bx Ll 0fc hjkl hjkeg ]k q s \ s q s s , \ q s d k?e hjkl ksd drfe hjkl 4g hn kxy xat u u'hIifjf lb ]e ukjgkn lb s , s X s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 15 egaP

kni nko kd kjiji jxv udfsy 4sxgj rkt lki dum tkj ]xgj rjd LXluI k , a X s s s X s s dum 4xgj rOm jiM knl lum 4sxkg Cgu /c lum hHd eg ksr ksg ku Rpf s X s s X s a s hnkokjiji jxv udfy hxuc ksr aSkjiji 4g rkc hjln ydycf eyfu'LfI u a s X a , w q , dfy ]hxkXg kr u'LfI 4g rkc hjln ydycf nkokjiji udfy ]hxkg ksr Skjiaj s s , , w q a s X a i 4g nkokjiji ]kjiji kdlm go g /ksjov kLc lcl kt e kHrfi hd rjkH , a a , \ s s X z 4g ;r l ygi cl ckot lki jkeg dfk;D rki >el Cgu eg T s s s X s ksd ykol jkv ]g ykol kd u>el kd ykol udfy l kurp kxSkt kv ksr c , , s s s s s kot 4g ckot kd ykol kdlm kuy >el dr kXLt ji dlm ksd ykol hldf , s \ sw s 4g uk/kel kdlm hg kuy >el l dhO ksd ykol , s s hldf g g; kr pl 4g krdl kt ktks[ ld uk/kel kr dl ku >el ksd k; , s , s , s s el jk,v ]krn Cgu hg u>el ksd k;el jkv krn Cgu hg u>el ksd k;el s s , s s jRm LeLfj ]jRm jk;r 4g k/kc hLc lcl e u>el kd ykol jRm 4Tg nt s s , , \ s X s s w , s s ke l ygi jRm lki jkeg jxv sxkg Cgu Ii hHd go udfy 4g go lt Sk s X s T s , a t ksg Gkl jkv Ii uekl d kurp hjkeg gjr hd uBkv ]kXg L[ suekl kt , s s s s s \ s ykol g Fv kd kurp Bu 4n krc hg klo kdlm g klt ku sLk\xcf kuBkv df , Z s s , s , , , g hg; kryGl hd uBkv 4kxSkt uc _pf kdlm kxkg hH kt g krgd kuBkv s s s , 4kxMkuc _pf e cr ]Sgfkp huksg [kv a T a hlS ]Sgfkp hukg yD' hlsS df krgd Cgu g; kuBkv 4g Cgu jRm Bksd kui s s , v ]g Cgu teb Bksd kuiv ]g Cgu _pf Bksd kuiv ]g Cgu jhor Bkd huiv , s , , s lki d uBkv 4g hrkt uc jhor hd hlm e uBkv g krkt ksg kL\[ kst ]Xn j s s , X s , d kL[ kd hldf suekl d suBkv eg l,t g krn jd kL[ uekl d ykol lm \ s s s , s \ s s ksd kekv lm jkv g kekv urp Bg hrxkt Bksd lki dltf ]g Cgu _l S , , s q s T w q s a g /c Bksd lki dltf ]g Cgu jRm kvg k/c Bksd lki dltf g Fv kd kur s , q a s , Z p Bu `g Fv k;D kd kurp Bu 4g krjd xkae hd kurp Bu ykol k;u jkv s , Z s , s , 4g Su ykol cl j,kv 4xSkt T s a ksg ukji hg rn dfk;D g ukji jRm hHl 4k;x ksg kukji df k;x k;nf jRm s q s s X T s q q Bksd 4Bx kg hukji df Bx h[yf 4g hrdl kg ld Bu ckrdf g hukji cl c s q T s s , X T q X krdf ]g Su ykol 4rf1oi g; g dkujr[ 4sxSkt Oc jdyks[ ksd krke krhx T z , a , ksr ksg k;el Bksd uekl d h/kax jkv 4g Sg Oc eg jd [yf ckot go ]k;n s s , T q s, f ckot dS 4k;df jImkduS k;df kuekl kd k;el lm u < 4Sx yp Cg s s u utks[ ckrdf hukji Bksd < kr 4g k;x ksg ykLkaoakL ue kd utv jkv ] s q s , s qZ , kF ykol kd sujd k;g dum ]F ut;if hg uiv ]kF ue kd uIN l klgV ]h s s z s s w s F klgV ]kF ue kd uxkH l 0; ]kF 0q; 4d utv hF hL[ uekl k;el dS s s q s qZ \ s 4ksd utv rxy ukul jdPi no jkv no ry yks[ df F Sx Cgu o qZ s s q \ s , s s s s s 4kF ktks[ Cgu uk/kel jdyks[ ckrdf hukji Bkd u < ksr kF k;df kL[ q s s \ ykol su uqZtv ct udfy hF jRm kd ykol lm krhx jkv kxksg k;x ksg kL[ s , \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 25 egaP

4g krksg p[ e XkvGfdoc ]e lluku hd gjr lb ;el , Z X w s X T , knk; kd kHrfzi hd ukrngV 4g kukji knk; ler _k' kjkeg df g hryp q , q s q , ''fksd hd ujd kukji Syflb jkv 4g ckj' hdum hH _k' 4g rjd Fkl d s q , T T s s ckj' kt g rjd hgo hH Fkl d k_k' xksy Nd udfy 4g hrdl yp hukj s T s s X q s , i ckj' ]kg 4Sgfkp k;u tkj ;l 4g krkt kg ;k; udG kurm g krkt ksg q a s , s s s T , dkujr[ hg kurm g krkt Ll hg kurm g krkt ksg kukji kurtf ;l 4,g hr , \ , q kt ksg hyko 'u hurm g hrkt Ll hurtf g hrkt Ll hurm g hrksg hukjqi h s , \ , \ , urtf df g hrkg hNv Syflb ckj' 4g LkF Syf d uky k'u Bkd ;l cv , s , s s\ s s s 4g rkxy r T s dkr hLc e ujd 0lf kukji hH kdlm 4g gj jd jkgo; hg kd ckj' hH F \ X s q s T s kl d ;l eg udfsy 4rkg Cgu sNv ukji ;l udfy 4g hrkg hNv ckj' h s s s s q s , s ukji df g krkt kgd kr e /acl d ckj' 4g rkc ;egc sLc hg kuksg kukjqi q , s X a s , w q \ 4g ryx kurm ]g 0'v kurm g k;u kurtf kt 4g jr0' kurm ]g jr; , , q , s , q , l kurm g kukji kurtf kst df g g; yk;[ kjkeg df g Syflb gkse kd up , q , , s C[ sNhi g; `g rgkp kupC[ sNhi k;D `g k;D gke yxki kd upC[ Nhi g; T s X , s s s 4kuc cl jGf jk,v kuc no y s s gi g rgd kst g hH xky lsS 4krdl kt Cgu k/kc skdum Xe ;el l k'eg g T s , s s a s s o 4g urkul go g rgd kst hrkg Cgu hH llb rfr hdutf g hH xky slS 4 T , s s s 1 T s s g rgkp kujd 0lf kukji "o jktg scu ]g rgkp kujd 0lf kukji "o jkt T s q Z T s q Z g jRgpi kt e de lb g xky lS 4g ukji "o jktg pkai go df sgd g; s X q , s s s T s q Z Bksd jxv 4g hrxy Iksp hLc ksd ue jkeg udfy g Cgu ukji knk; l "o , \ s s T s q s Z jktg pkai no jkeg df g jgfkt 4ksjd 0lf kukji knk; ksd ukji jk,v 4g dh s s , q s q , O kukji ksjd 0lf kd ukji ]ksjd ukx<qx kd ukji df g hgj jd ekd hg dS q s s q s q , jkv 4g hgj e? e jdDp lb kurp hjkeg l ykl jktg uhr ]Pc Cgu xkv , , w X s s s\ s s dlm eg 4g Sx jgO 0c jk,v jhokge ]que j,kv krhx kgt g jgO Cgo eg T q a T s 4ygi "o jktg uhr Bkd ]ygi ykl jktg dS sl kl s Z s s B Bksd g gj gj eg 4g gj gj Cgu e hnl Colhc eg 4g Cgu hjjiId rjkH T s T s X , ,a 4xSkt yp rLNif tksj eg s a s s \ ]eg jkv 4hxaSkt hyp hrync tksj go 4gj hdQ Syf dikv df hxjd Cgu kr , X s X pV hd rkc lb go 4hxaSkt hyp hrync go hxjd Cgu Gf hjkeg Sk;el 4 X a gj rkxy rdkr hjkl hd sujd 0lf ksd ukji eg df kxkg ekd hg dS kjkeg X s s q s jGf 4sxgj rkxy jdDp eg jGf ]hxksg Cgu rfx e k[j h/hl jGf 4hxxy u X s X s s s kxy jdDp gjr hd yc d gksd dS kurp uoht hd dqe ji jGf ]jGf kr , s w s sw s 4g rdl uke Glf kr eg `g rdl tks[ T s Z s T s s , ld hukKv eg 4g kvg kgd kd k;ufkK hgo 4g kvg kukt kd k;ufe "f+ hg , q X , q X q o ]g ;l hgo dfk;D g kuLdi lm g kukji kt ]g e rhrv kst df k;x ksg , X , \ s , q s , X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 35 egaP

4hxSkt jgO Cgo Xthp cl k;x ksg kt cv ]k;x ksg nc kuksg kd Su df g cy a s a , re kd suje 4kxksg Cgu hH Nd k;u ]krdl ksg Cgu hH Nd nkc d uje ]rd q q s s s l jd Cgu /kjiv ]rdl jd Cgu iki nkc d uje 4rdl Li Cgu jkehc nk s s s s \ c d suje 4Cgu jL Bksd kd suje cv ]Bx ksg e[ rkc go ]e[ cv ]Sx j s e jk,v Sx je 4rdl Cgu je ikv jGf nkc d uje df g g; rkc ksr hygi s s s , 4krdl Lxcf Cgu hH Nd nkc dlm dfk;D 4g krn I?je kurt \ q s X , s f hrdl n Cgu k{jl hurb huid kehc Bksd 4g Cgu ukF Bksd r{fjql knk; s q , l zcd Syflb 4krdl kt kLk\xcf Cgu hH Nd kdum cv g r{fjl hg go s q T q g Sx je kt 4g k{jlv dS a;o uoht df g g; ksr pl `k;D 4g krksg rr T s , q , X , oht jkv xoVyf hg kurm uoht ksg regf hd ujd ujo ksd k{jlv hurtf 4 a , s q g krkt je hg kurm g krkt ksg r{fjl uoht kurtf Sgfkp kuksg rkK udfy , , q s 4g k{jl ]g k/ofl e uyp ji lm g rpfjfi kukpgi go g gpf <jp , q , q X s , T s X d kxksy kjktg ji rkj lm ]g jtqx xky kXjktg ]g jtx eg jkc kXjktg sl X s T s s T s q s rkj hlm g kvg kukpgi kukji 4g krdl kt y e jr[ k;u ]Skt Li e y , q q , s X s a \ X dfe hxntV kgt Skt y gxt hlsS ]aSkt sy e kXjr[ ]Skt y e kLk\gi ]Skt q a s X a s X X a sy e kXx krkj k;u df g krdl ksg dfk;D 4g jr[ elm hg rpfuf ]y u X , X T s X s kt lm g kukt Cgu kst 4lgkl kd Su ]g jpoLS kd Su 4g hrjd tks[ hd s , , X , Su elm g hrkg ;Huf hurtf ek,d kt 4g krjd ekd ;H ]g j;Gf Nhi d X , s Z s , , s s jnkv d ukji 4g hrjd jnkv kd sukji kurm g hrkg rhH;H hurtf ek,d kt s s q , q , s s 4ksvkt re ji Su 4ksgj Ldi ksd ukji s \ s q Syflb ]n kdIH k;u jkv ]n Lks\N kd sukji df ksg ku klS Cgd ]g hrL\i ey X , X s q s , w ke k{jlv 4g krLi eyke jL e Su ksr g LIkpuv ]g Cgu k'Du Bskd ]g q , \ w X , , , Cgu 0ck[j ]g Cgu 0cdhy 4ksg k;D Cgu kri 4g ljtL ]g dkujr[ k'eg s , , X , s k;u g Cgu jL e ukt ji lm 4g Bg hIhi dhy go kvg k[yf 0ck[j e _ , X s , q q s X k' go 4g rukt rfkaHhyH eg lm ]g rpfjfi go ]g kuke kukt go ]elm g T s s , , X , hIjfk;Dlf g r{fjl kukji ]rkc hygi 4Sgfkp u>el <jkd go 4g rdl j , , q q s T s d rDe Syf d Su ksd kHrfi hd rjkH eg kr Skt kv e >el hjkeg <jkd q s z s a X go g <jkd sNhi dlb 4g Cgu <jkdv gkse kd ukji g; ]gkse kd ukji g; , s , s q s q 4sxSkt ksg ukji knk; go ]xSkt ksg Lc go kr sdl a s q s a s \ s kt k;df 0lf kL\c ksd 0c k; l 0c xaSkt ksg Lc go lt kr dl kt k;d q s q s s \ s , s s f 0lf kLc e em ksd jhokge jxv hH elb ]Cgu udfy 4g Cgu kusn kuy N \ X z X s , s qd llm ksg kgj kLc Bksd hH Nd go 94Bx ksg ckj[ em hd ykl uhr hjkgqr s \ q z df g ;r rkc dS 4hF hLc hd jhokge df hF hLc em hd 0c df ]Cgu hH , \ \ z q rjWt Bksd jkv ]Cgu kri >e8 ]df kgd sue 94g kgj jd /k' l ykl uhr , s q T wa s s T e 4hLc hd 0c df hF hLc hd jhokge em df g huNi rkc dS >e slikv8 \ q \ z , w s q ]df kgd l>e ukgm jkv F Sg L[ utl dS 4kF kgj yksc e kHl dS Te s q s X , s q s \ X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 45 egaP

tV kXg tkojn knk; urtf df k;ki ue jkv ]g jkohn 4g hrdl ksg sld hji s s s T , T X , , w hxntV kago g kjgi kgt jk,v 4g kjgi dfkX;D krdl kg Cgu kji kugj kntV Xe , a , s w yge df k;ki ue udfy kF yge hH kje 4xSkt je ydycf ksr y jd nc s T s s s a q X a hH g; 4l gto hd tkojn dS g kntV l LkF 4Sx yp rje ikv e 'v h s s T s s s\ s s X a lm Sdf nc suikv tkojn surtf ]Xy ul l dhO jGf kr8 ]kgd u hjk[Hf lm a s q s s s 94kxMkt je hg a ygi d uje e ksr k;yf jd nc sue hH kdlb jxv ]yxki8 ]kgd u ktkj l s s s T a T s s m 94g hrdl l? jrhH rk,e llb g dkujr[ ktkojn dS g; ]xSkt ksg r{ , q s , s a fjl ydycf ikv 4Stfyf kojd nc ktkojn jkv ]SBkt ksg jrhH ikv 4Sgfkp q q a , kuksg Cgu hH ktkojn dS elb8 ]kgd u hjk[Hf lm 94y jd dhO slm eg ] X s X yH hl7uk,d8 ]kgd su Ikel 94g Bx gj yH dS ]g kgj [n Te l hHr g kgj w z , w wa s s , uc yge g; l ct 4n krc ksr ]g kNi uikv 2dyfke8 ]kgd u hjk[Hf lm s wa , w s s 94Bx gj yH Bksd g k;x ksg k;D ]g krlg w , , a X k;D8 ]kNi su dyfke d yge lm 4kxy ulg l jkst hjk[Hf kPc dS kvg kO w s s a s w\ q ,c jkudf d dLl ksr ]k;yf kuc yge rHnv dS ue df kF kgj kg '[ dy s s \ q s T s q fke kd yge jkv ]kF kgj yduf l jk} djd kl'i ktkj kd lksLi ct 4g r , s s a z \ , {fjl ydycf ksr g; ]kxway kuc hH e yge klS8 ]kgd ulm kvg uali rqgc q q T s s q z jkv 4k;kv su[n yge kdlm ktkj kd lkLi 4kd ukt jgkc jrhH g ktkojn , s s \ s , dS Glf nc yge kjkl 4Cgu ktkojn kjlwn ]Cgu hdL[f dS ]g ktkojn dS Z a \ , 4krdl ksg Cgu kjr[ Bksd Cgu ;kiM Bksd kd jr[ ]jkn jgi dS jiM d dS ]jknjgi dS jiM d dS ][ s s s s s s j jknygi jktg dS 4[j henkv uiv jk,v hH ji k;efnkv uiv jkv [j he s s s X s , s nkv hg uiv jk,v 4k[j ktkojn dS Syflb 4g krdl kg jL hH l kXjknjgi s , s s s ksr kXg jknjgi rgc jGf ]sxLi u[j jknjgi rgc ksr kXg jknjgi rgc jGf 4x s q X \ s s q s q s XLi su[j jknjgi rgc ksr kXg tkojn rgc jGf ]Skt l? dkL ]Skt l? jksp \ s q s q q w q ]Skt l? ueqn ksd rkj ]g dkujr[ ku[j k;dfL[f tkojn jln ]e yge l q , a \ s s w X m k[j ktkojn dS Glf ulm <jkd d jL kr 4ksg ku kjr[ Bksd df k;df e Z s s s ktrb kd gjr cl jk,v ]yge dS ]k;kuc ukde dS u Ikel dS g kuql uTe a s z , s 4g ry jd ektrb kd gjr cl go 4g rjd ei ksd k{jl o g hrk?ekv ] T s s a T s zs q s T g yLbklksl rjd Cgu ei kd uoht xky kst 4g ei kd jr[ l iW ;koufv T s zs s s , zs s s Z ei kd uoht 4g rjd ei hH ksd k{jlv go g rjd ei kd uoht xksy kt zs T s zs q T s zs s s 4g k{jlv dS hH uoht 4g kjr[ dS hH uoht udfy g dkujr[ ;ofH 4 , q , s , krksg Cgu ;ofH g krksg rhrv Glf kd henkv Sg je 4kxksg Cgu ;ofH ]kxk , Z q s s g lkgrfb Glf cv 4k;x ksg go k;x ksg kt cv 4kxksg Cgu k;u cv ]Syf d Z s s henkv lm k;x jgO cl ji [hjkr dS 4kxSkv Cgu Nd cv hxSkv Cgu [hj q kr uhr hxSkv Cgu [hjkr kn ksr hd suhge ksd [hjkr dS k;x je henkv dS s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 55 egaP

g klksjH Bkd kd ei ku 4dl n hH tkv ei df Skt gj ku rDe kurb 4S , s zs s s zs q ki n ku hH go kF krdl n ei s>e tkv go df ]Skt kg rDl hurb kFo; s s zs q s hd uukd n;k' ksr k;df ektrb rgc kd k{jl ue jxv ]g jk,v kjr[ dS w a q q s T , 4g r{fjlv yd 4kxsn e , q i s>e hH yd go k;nf ei tkv s>e sultf df g Cgu k{jl Bksd ]kvkuc e; zs q zs q , q s uf hg urdf ]kvkuc ryknv hg hurdf kvkOcf uukd hg urdf Syflb g kvg s s X s w s , q krync Nd hHl e rxt lb ]jkv Nd ku ei ku 4g Cgu rokl hH Nd Xe q X , q zs , q rxt udfy ]g rokl ei df Mkjgksn hg kurdf e 4jd ei >e hH yd g s , zs a T s zs s q o ]g hrjd ei tkv s>e hui kst df g Cgu hjWt 4aMkOcf ryknv hg hurdf , zs q , X Te ]Mkuc uwukd d gkoof hg urdf e `g k{jl k;D ]l uksg jkehc ]sl uje a s s T , q s s s 4kxWe e hH ksr n [j ji jgi uh?l hg hurdf jk a T wa s X a , v ]Mkuc jkohn hd gksy hg hurdf jkv ]Mkuc ukde kLc hg kurdf Te 4g e a X s , a \ , H k{jl cl 4hrdl Cgu hg ksg k{jl e uoht df g g; rkc hd te jkv 4g z q q X , s , , hjWt kuksg rDe l gkerfv d k{jl ksr ksg kuksg rDqe l nkokjiji 4rdl k q s s s q s a s s g Cgu raoht hH hHd xky Sg jH l ;H jk,v 4g rhH;H eg 4Skt ksg jki g s q s s T a jr df l ;e k; Skt pc gjr ldf l q;e df g xy e Gf hlb Glf eg s q 1 a s 1 T s X Z 4g ku , ht df g Sx hg yH g; eg jh/7jh/ df g k;nf krc djd kLc kurb jkv ] , w s s , s \ , g k;nf krc djd kLc rgc ksd k;kN hd ;e u kHrfi hjkeg jkv 4g sgj ht , s \ q q 1 s z , T X e k;kN hd ;e eg df g krksg rrfi klsS `ksg k;D nkc d uje df g rNwi q 1 , z s s T s xky ]ksg k;D sygi d uje df krNi Bksd Cgu go `ksg k;D ygi d uje hd s s s w s s s s w s wa X Ni kt g e 'kyr hd henkv lm e 4kxksg k;D nkc d uje df g rNi kt T s s T s w s g ryef tksj xky >e 4nkc d q;e ]nkc d ;e g akgo knl lj kjkeg 4g T s s s q s 1 s q 1 , , Cgu lj Bksd kjkeg ]kag; jkv hHv eg 4g Cgu rrfpV ydycf Syf dlb u , T q s s c dju k; suc Zxo hoi g; eg 4g rrfpV knk; Syf d dju jkv xo eg 1 T s , Z 4g Cgu krdlm Bkd , q s elb hjkeg g k;D ygi d suje ]g k;D nkc d uje df g jrkv knk; Xe r X , s s , s s T q kc lb eg 4ed hd uoht g rjd rkc knk; hd {kse eg Syflb 4ed e u T s X X s ht g dlm knk; e uje eg 4g hrk?ekv ]g yLbklskl kHrfi hd rjkH d T q X s , , z f g krgkp kugd likv e jkv ]g ;H kd uoht ;H kd Su ]g ;H kd Su g wa s T , , , ; g gxkv kd usy Ldi ksd ukji kt g; g krnfkokjiji kst hd rjkH g; 4S , z s \ s q s , a gfkp kukg lgkl jk,v regf hd rxko jk,v ujo d k{jlv ]k{jlv kr ]ksg s . s q q s kugj rofht jxv jkv ]y jd hji k{jl ksr ksg kuje jxv g krgd slikv Te , X w q wa 94k;x kv phu d 'kdkv y[ jdLkN ksd yge e Syflb 4kxskg yIksI s s s q s\ T ]kxksg kji uoht kgt Mkt kyp ku k;D sphu d 'kdkv y[ ku k;D k;kv yk; w a a X s s q X [ >e jh/7jh/ jGf 4Sdf Wq' uyk[ tkojn ue jGf kr 4g hrskg hurm hxn s q s s s s s s T s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 65 egaP

hH Nd kago 4g e {kse chjd7chjd go e Ii d ke 4g krpV hd uhi ku ]g k q , X X s s a , s , rpV hd suk[ ku ]g jr[ d hxntV ku ]g hrLi hujd ukdn ku ]g hrL\i huj T s s , \ w , d hjdk,u ku g kpc kt e Ii d ke 4hxsyef Cgu hH Cgd jkv ]hxyef hg Xe , s X s s a , s z Z cd Glf k{jl knk; llm ]g kri ksdikv ]g r{fjl rgc go g e Isi d q s , , q q , X s kae kpc kt 4g rkc hjln g; g Cgu kri eg 4g kjr[ dS ksr [n sl yk;[ s , w , X , X s rgc eg jxv hH et 4kxuke hg ukel skd q;e jkv et go g krukt kt q s 1 , , s 4g klgf dS kd uoht jkv ]g Bu ~ ~ ~hH ; , , , q e gm dfk;D 4krdl kt Cgu kjke kd kxky lt rkjdl 4kdp Li kukji go 1 X X s X s s , q q \ q ]kdp kt kukt kr uoht 4g jrkv Syf d uukt ksd Su e 4g jrkv Syf d q s wa q s s T wa q s s uukt lm e g rlc Cgu df g rlc eg `g kld dky kd q;e go `g hld s T T s T s , , s 1 , , q;e go ]g k;u ydycf go ]Cgu kukt hHd lm 94g krksg ue kd uukt sl 1 , q s , s m g rpfjfiv ]g Bu q;e8 ]kxy ugd rkjdl `hd uje g k;D krdqlm hu , , 1 s q s , rb 4kNv kurm ksy ht jkv jn hurtf er kNv kurm ]Skt ksg jn hurtf , s q s 4ksg Sx kg yxki er8 ]df xy ugd go jk,v g gj ksj _ef 94g kgj kxy jsn s q s s T s , rgc kyko sulhi jgt ]g hrkt Bg jsn hLc 2k[n8 ]df l k_ef uiv kxy uN q , q \ s s s X s s i jkc7jkc rkjdl jk,v ]g kgj kt klhi jgt jgkc 4kxy ukt klhi jgt jGf w q , s 94g kNv kuje hg sr , yksc ;l jGf kr g hg kuje jGf 4krkv Cgu e >el kuykc ;lv Syf d k s , X s s {jl l uje jGf ksr g hg kuje ct8 ]kgd u rkjdl kr 94krdl n Cgu hH q s s , s q s s Bksd klksjH kd upc knl8 ]kgd su k_ef 94pkl e ksr kXg rgd klS go jxv s X wa s T s s 4kxdl pc knl e jGf df g rgd g; o k;D8 ]kgd u rkjdl 94kg rdl p wa T T s s s q s s c er g krdl kt k;df ke{ gr kr ]ksn jd nc kuykc e /cl d ;l eqr q , X q s a s X a a s jxv g rgd go 4g hn ktl hd q;e gr su kxky utf df g k;kxy kri u T s , 1 X q X s , s eg df8 ]kNi kd rkjdl u kX_ef dlm ygi d un jgt 4kF kgj je rkjdql w s q s s s s s s 4k;yf Ldi Cgu gkse yxki kd k{jl ultf ]Syf dlm \ q s s Z Glf udfy 4q;e hurtf g nukv hg kurm hH et jkv 4kukv kurtf g n[ s 1 , a , , l hg kurm hH kukt jkv 4hH hxSkt jkv hxSkv lkal kg; ]huen kg; ],g hr q , , a q a kn kg; 4g kuLNcf kg; ]g kuyef kg; g hjkehc kg; ]g ;ko kag; g ;e s a , q a , a , a , , q 1 a kg; ]g et kg; df 4g klsS uoht df g lupl kst hd uoht g; ksd ;r l , a , , , b d uoht 4klS hg g uoht ]g hIjfk;Dlfub hg uoht 4g k{jlv uoht Cgu s s , , , , q 4g rkt je jdOc jrhH dlm jdkuc ykt kd k{jl dufik T s , s q d dS jdkuc hIjfk;Dlf hjt;yb dS eg kago g Cgu klksjH kd thp hldf k , w , a gt ]Cgu klksjH kagt kd _ef ]Cgu klksjH kagt hg kd _' 4Skt gj ku _' y q q d g _' kst g Cgu klksjH dr kd _' 4Skt gj ku _ef yd go g _ef kt , q , q , s , g klksjH Bksd kd _ef ]g k{jl k;D 4hxyp Cgu nkc <{ dS df hg kxSkv , q s <{ klsS 4syp Cgu nkc <{ dS ]g hgj yp lkl 4g klkjH Bksd kd uoht ku , a , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 75 egaP

kp ltf ]g krkt k[ ]g krkt dIH go g krjd ei lltf 4g krkt ksg r{fj s , s , , zs s , q lv rgc henkv ct 4g hrksg kni Syf d k{jl hH kuekd hd uje jkv 4g q , , s q s , , hrksg kni Syf d k{jl hH kuekd hd supc l uje g rkc hd u>el rgc g , s q s s , s q ; 4g hrksg kni Syfhlb jrhH jkeg hH kuekd hd uje 4g hrksg kni hH kuek , , s s , , d hd suje Syflb 4kF k;kIg ksdikv u et ji kgt hxn kpgi ji Cgo ;1e s a s qa q 4kxksg ji uje Glf go 4kxksg e cd Glf go 4kxS s Z X z Z ki Cgu hg ksg go 4krki ksg Cgu hHd go ]cl Skt ksg hg lo jGf Skt yef s , go kF Hx kd kae kst go 4Mkt ksg r{fjl l gjr cl 4ksg ku k;el Bksd ]k Z a q s {jlv Bksd ]kjr[ Bksd e hxntV df Syf d rkc dS ZGlf 4Syf d rkc ld q X s s f g krjd ektrb kjkl 4g krkuc jkojfi 4g krjd oHuv k{jlv d Ic kuc , a , , q q s ss f g krjd kL[ ksd Ic ikc ]kIc 4g rkuc yp ;'f 4g srkuc hFkl7hxal _ef , \ ss s T s s s T ]g rkuc kOrfi ni ]g rjd L[ yge ]g rjd hL[ k;jfktrf 4ksd uiv ky T s z T s s \ T s \ a s s s kpc df g k;yf jd ;kim kd okpc dlfuke dS ueg l jr[ lb udfy 4 , s s s s g kjr[ Nd hHl nkc d et g Cgu kjr[ hH rke 4g kjr[ eku kd hxntV , q s , , , 4kxSkt kyp krjrm e kXjr[ jkv 4kxSkt kyp krksg jn sl X , w a ke ]hxkXg W' hukv aSk;el jkv 4hxSkv hxntV nkc d yd jGf jkv 4xXkg q , s w , s Wq' ukv jr[ jkv ]kxSkv yd 4hxLi hun Lks\N hH nkx hd kae jh/7sjh/ 4h s s , w s \ s s s xksg nkx hd kae kxksg kIksN dr ct 4hxSkt hyp hrPc k{jlv tksj7tksj jGf s \ q k;x k;nf dG jgkc jdykduf l kgo 4kF e /fkel kpc e Ii d ke 4kF u T s a X X s s a k/kel cl hF ku k;el Bkd hF ku hIbktuS Bksd ]hF ku krpV Bksd 4kF kl s gf dS kd kae go 4hF L\t hdlm jrhH d kae 4g k;x k;yf Lk\[m l kLt hd X s , s X \ lm ksd {1o hldf l,t g k;x k;nf jd LIfiiv go g k;x uhN cl kdlm 4g s , zw , , Bx uNf k{jl hdlm 4Bx hul Cgu jc[ Bksd hd uksg kni hd pc Sqg srlg q q s , s a 4k;nf ykL e rclfe kagd df ksg krkypf ]ksg krksj Syflb l rksg kni kpc n;k' 4g k X q s s , , rkt kg W' kjr[ jk,v g kjr[ kLc rgc et 4ksg rtH e jr[ kagd ]g kr s q , \ q s s X s , IwN go kF ektrb cl ]g hrIwN kFo; cl hd uoht ]g hrIN k{jql cl 4 a , , w ksg gj tsH e jr[ kagd 4ksg gj tH e k{jlv kagd 2ukoxH g kxksg kgd jd s X s s s X q s Lkt Fkg sulm kr 4kxksg kdl jd kuFki go jxv ksr kxksg kLi kukv jgkc d s\ s Z z \ s Ii d kae ksd pc ct kF [l kt go e Ii d kae go 4g rkK eg e uk,d h s s s q s X s s , X X s ldf go 4g kri ksd Rpf urpv jkeg go 4hF kLh\i Bkd ku ]kF [Aqn Bksd ku , s s s hF krpV Bkd ku ct df kF rDo klsS dS 4k;x ks[ kt kF <{ kd [l dS s s q df g kri kdlm g Lbke l;hlukduv kjkeg kst go Bg kni hg l rfe hd , s , a s q , s 1 Hx d kae go Bg kni kd kxksy kuid kst hd {kse8 ]df g rgd dufkKokue Z s q , s X T s , s 4krLi kujd Cgu hH Nd kago 4g krht Glf go ]g krht \ q , Z , Glf go 4g krkg l ke cl ]g hrjd ke cl 4g krht ZGlf 4krLi kujd Cgu Z , s s a , a , \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 85 egaP

ntfe ksr n Lks\N kukg ukeyle jxv 4sxn jd nc kugd go ]g; g Qxrxt s s q X a , q g rgd kt ngV ksr n LkN kuksg wngV jxv 4hxSkt ksg nc huyef go g hgj T s s w s s\ a , yef k{jl kt l tkel ut ksr n LkN kukg ut jxv dfkX;D ]krLkN Cgu kuk q s s , s s\ s , s\ s g ut udfsy ]hn Lks\N k{jl k;nf LkN u/ sue ]hn Lks\N k{jl hn LkN hui u , q s\ T q s\ s T e ]hn Lks\N k{jl g k;nf Lks\N j? ue8 ]g krgd go `k;D g krgj kuc ut q , s T , X , , ]g krgj kuc ukeyle ]g krgj kuc ngV hH nkc d ukg hlk;l ]hlk;l dS , q , w s s s a a 4krLkN Cgu hHd ksd k{jl dyfk,e jkv 4g kry jd <jo s\ q , , s ksd k{jl hLc 4g krLkN ksd k{jl hIkN go 4Cgu hlk;l go g rgd hlk;al q \ , s\ q s a T s eg kdltf udfsy 4k;yf jd <jo kd k{jlv ]k;nf LkN ksd k{jl ultf g s s q s\ q s , cyre kd hlk;l 4g krgd hlk;l e hg lm g kry kIt regf hd uht kt a wa a T s , s q s s 4g rki kIt xky ed rgc regf hd uht 4g ry kIt xky rgc regf hd T s q s q s T s s q s q suje 4g rki kIqt regf hd uht kt g xksy ed rgc udfy 4hxLi eyke T s s s T q s s \ w chtv rkc g; 4g rki kIt regf hd uht kt g xky ed rgc 4;H kd uo T s q s s T s q ht kxLi kuLkN ksd ;H 4g <jkd d k{jl go g gke l rhrv kjkeg skt g; s \ s\ , s q , s s 4g kyd hd uht ksd uoht hg jkdho kdb kdcl um ]g hH Sk;el kagt , s T a Xe uoht lm g hH krpV kagt e uoht lm ]g hH q;e kgt e uoht lm 4e , X , 1 a X X uoht g kekeji kjkl jkv e uoht g rDfe hjkl jkv 4e uoht g nukv kj , , X , q , X , a kl jkv ]g kry jG Ohi l uoht go g krkt ksg r{fjl kst df gj uk; g; , , s s s , q s udfy 4g Syf d k{jl hH kuekd hd suy Ldi ksd k<jp d ukoxH jkv x s , s q s \ X s , Z o 4g Syf d k{jl hH kuekd hd {kse jkv ]g Syf d k{jl hH kuekd hd , s q , , s q ukt je e rv jkv ]g Syf d k{jl hH kOp hd upc l uje 4kxSkt ksg s X a , , s q s s s s kjkdI> cl l ukt je ]ksvkt je g dhO df g krxy e ukt je 4l k{jqlv q s s , , X s s hd hxntV g Sx kjc? `k;D ]g gj jd k;gekv xky kXjktg tksj e epfi T X T s s X 4g krkt je , henkv kr hryef Cgu k{jl df g hrkt kv krpV hurb e hxntV k; 4g rk? s q , X , ekv ''fksd cl hd sukyH ksd suiv 4g hrk?ekv hH kyko uhi ckj' 4g FL w , s , , hjiI hH go ]g rkt je ikv ]g krkt Ief cl Syf d jn hLkF e ckj' 4 zs , T s , s s s\ X g hrjd ekd hH ckj' hgo 4g rkt ksg e[ ikv g hrkt ksg e[ k;ufn Sy , T s , q f d jsn hLkF 4g rkt je ikv Syf d jsn hLkF FL hjiI 4g hrkt ksg rIf? s s\ T s s s\ , zs , , q 1 ;e BkFv Syf d jn hLkF e sukl `k;D g krgkp kuyH ksd krpV jdkl s s s\ X s X , w s henkv `k;D g krgkp kuyH ksd krpV jdhi ckj' henkv 4xkvkt ksg r{fjql X , w s s ksvkt je g hrdl yef k{jl hg e uje cv df g krgd l jrhH ue n;k' , q X s , s `ik v g rgkp kuje k;D 4krgkp Cgu kuht e g krgkp kuje e cv g krgd go T s X T wa T , 4g krgkp kuje en dS go cr g hrkt xy xkv elm kF k;kuc ksd ukde , , X ltf ]g krkt cL go kF k;df kdb ksd u/ ltf 4g krkt LNcf go g krg , w , q\ ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 95 egaP

flb g Cgu tjd kurb ]g Cgu regf hurb udfy 4xSkv yduf jgkc jdkg , s , s s s roht knk; ]oHuv knk; ]naukv knk; ]ukKv knk; nkc d jkdk{kl jg e a q s g df Sgfkp hukg hurb hjk;r hjkeg jkv 4sxjd jkdk{kl kdlm kxkg kt 4x s , , X s s s jd jkdk{kl kd rke kr dl Om Cgu ]sxjd jkdk{l kd yd jGf xXOm gc X , s s X s l ]kxkg tjl k;u ydycf tjl kyko sukv ]kxkg k;u ydycf yd kyko ukv q s w q w s q s 4kF yd klt kg hg klS go df krjd Cgu okn e 4g , s s s T , jkdhxv s>e klo kxkg klt jkv g kl,t uoht jkv g klS uoht df l okH a q , s , , , , , s s tgl 4krdl kg Cgu rk{kl hHd djd Ohi 4g kry jd Ohi go k;df jkdho s s , s v ultf dfk;D Cgu l jkdhov l jkdho 4krdl kg Cgu rk{kl hHd rk{ s X s s s kl k;x k;df l ;H dfk;D 4Cgu l ;H l nukv dl jd rk{kl kd k;el s X s s a s Bu jg ji yr jg kt Sgfkp hukg hlsS kurp jkv 4g rync yr d kvk;el s s s , T s s X ]hrdl Cgu Ief aSk;el 4jd k;D cv g cl cv Bx kg hL[ k;el jGf 4 X , s \ kF krdl kg /yim kt kF /yim cl ]F /yim Lid ]kF kjH Ii ]sF Ic s s s s \ s s s s d jhev 4hxkg hgj k;el hd jhokge jkv 0c kt g hgo k;el hd kdhjev s , q s , `jd k;D jG kyke ]jd uk; ]jd xk; 4Xjd X X s X X s k;D cv k;x jH Ii g k;el hd kdhjev ]jH ld Ii g k;el hd ukrwn s , s s , s , gV 4 hd laSykGS ]hd djrfv ]g hrkt kg hL[ k;el hjln dS uekl sd he q s s , s \ w s nkv jhev 4hd okHv ]hd [H g hrkg k;el dS uekl d henkv chjx 4hxk w , s s s X g Sk;el hd jiM hxync aSk;el hd sphu 4hxkg k;el Bu hxync k;el a X s s dS 4hxaSkt kg Cgu rkel hHd aSk;el 4g "?l rrl dS uoht 4hxkg hL[ s , Z a X \ aSk;el Bu df Syflb dfc ]hxaSkt kg rkel Sk;el df Cgu Syflb g k s a , urht kd kvk;el 4g ''fkd hd upc l uoht ''fkd hd upc l kvk;el s X , s s s s s s X 4kxkg Cgu hH uoht Bkd kgo hxkg Cgu k;el Bkd kgt udfy 4kxSkt kg rD s s a s s a s s q e henkv l kvk;el hjkl jd Oc ji ky'f 0lf 4hxkg Cgu k;el Bkd kgt s X , s s a ]cyre kd {ke lb 4g kgj jd ''fkd hd uki {ke go ]g kgj jd ''fkd s , s s s , s hd uki kd ukoxH 4g k;yf ki kd ukoxH ]e {ke ]e xo dl yp kdDlf s s , s X s X Z s df g kgj jd Syf lb ;i go 4kryp Cgu kg; g kryp e {ke ]g kdDlf k , q a , X s , d u/ ;i ]g kgj jd ;i go g kxy e ''fkd hd uki kd ukoxH go df q , q , X s s s g hy jd g; ulm k{jl Bu dS jkv 4g Syf jd ;kim Su d k{jql udfy , s q , T s s 4g k;yf kuc eJkv dS cv 4g k;nf LkN j? 4,g k; , , s\ yf jd kdb ektrb kd k{jl jGf jkv 4g hy jd hdb Sk;'f g Syf jd a q , T a , s db ;'f 4g Syf jd db Ic lkpi ulm jd LkN Ic dS ulm udfy T s s s s s\ s s s s g Snf LkN Ic kF ikc sulm 4sxn LkN kdlm ;'f kr n LkN kukg Qx go j T s\ s s X s\ s s s s\ s q xv 4g Bx yef kd ujgO ntfe dfk;D k;nf LkN ulm ukde 4Cgu hxSkjgO , s s X s\ s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 06 egaP

kd hldf eg e ujL j,kv g Sg jL eg ];H 4g hgj yp Cgu l tks[ hd ; X s T q s , s l hldf k; ukK hldf ePQx g; g Sg Ldi <jp xky lkilkv dum jkv ]Xe q T q s \ s s , de jkl g db kekge ji jkv /kv ]kekge Lc7IkN ]Qx Lc7IkN gxt7 q s T s sw , s s \ ss q s \ ss gxt kst g; ]e 'n jkl g hgj yp ePQx kt g; 4g rgkp kjkgl Bksd eg ] X s s , q s T s g rgkp kuLdi <jp d hldf eg g rgkp k{jl eg l rkKv 4g rgkp k{j T s \ s T s q s T s l eg ]g Sg jL eg ]g rhH;H eg 4g het l ;H d ;ue g; g hgj yp q T q s , T s s q T aSkti hd ukoxH kst g; jkv k;re kt g; jk,v 4g Sg Uim l ;H d ; w , a w s T q s s que g; g L[ h'kd jk,v kckd jkv kti kst g; jkv ntfe jk,v jnfae skt g; T s \ , w , 4Cgu hg kri Bksd eg kdlm g krkv l l,ulyj;Gf sl ;Hv kt e/ go jkv 4g j;G X , s , s Z , , f kjkeg go g rgd e/ eg ltf 4g k;Rfoi Bg kni l ;H cl g; 4g Cgu T s Z s T a 1 z q , s , cyre Bksd l ukoxH kdum ]ksd k_l g gj jd FOd Sg SkPx [kv e k_k s s X w T s a q \ X a X X ' kst go jkv ]g Cgu cyre Bkd l ukoxH gm g gj jG Skyke kst go ]g , , s s X T s s a , Cgu cyre Bkd l ukoxH gm g L[ Lks\t Fkg e kXjnfe kst go ]g kgj it s s X T s \ s X a , ekj7ekj henkv ksr g hL[ uekl rk,e go 4k;yf jd ektrb kd k{jl ksr k , \ s a q vg jxv jkv ]kvg ku Ztg Nd kr ]kvg Cgu k;D hH tg e uy it ekj7ekj q , q q s q Z X s s 94g k;D , hH tg jGf hxSkt ksg yH kr kvg jxv jk,v kuksg ekj Cgd ]ekj7ekj ksjd d Z w s q f kxy uksg ekj7ekj l jrhH gjr hd uh'e ld eykeku ksr Bkv uekl rke s s s , w s , g; udfy k;nf Lks\N df kF krpkl hH e8 ]xy ugd go 94k;nf Lks\N cl sF s s T s s rgd ksr er `ksg gj jd k;D g;8 ]kNi sue k;kygf gm ue 4kF kgj yp Ok s q s w T X s T i kd ekj7ekj ]ekj7ekj l ge dum e h'ksgc jkv 4F Li e h'ksgc h/kv ch s qa s X s , s s \ X s jd7chjd go ]k;x su[n gm e 4kvg dIkvIkZg kvg kjkn kd ;n ksdum jG s X T q , q , f 94g k;ki Cgu IN l dhO g Ski kg Cgu rDe l dhO df g krksg d' sllb , w s T s q s , 4k;x ksg rDe lcl ]k;nf Lks\N cl df g rgd jkc7jkc ikv8 ]kgd lum ue q s T s s s T 94g k;x ksg rDe lcl e cv 4k;nf LkN sue cl8 d ]F rgd l>e 4kF k;n wa q s T s\ T s s s s q f LkN cl kukt jnfe Oki7kti cl sukgm l kXunf Nd 4g Pw\c g _ef dS jse s\ a w X s q T s T s 4g ry jd nac kd uiv e j? d kuid hO> dS e y T s s s s X ss s w X w , ld yIe dS eg Glf ]krkt Cgu ync uoht jdksg rhH;H jkv ]Cgu ykol X Z , Bksd kd ;H ]Cgu ;H hH Bkd gm 4g rht hH skd q;e go g rht kd uoh s X T s 1 T s s t kt 4g rjL l q;e hg o g rjL l uoht kt 4g krkg kni ;H kd ;1e hg s T s s 1 s T s s s , s , q s l ;H d uoht jkv 4g ;H kd uoht ;H kLc lcl jkv 4kxLi kusn LkN ; s , , \ s , s \ s\ H kr ksg kuksg rDe ksd kHrfi hd rjkH l nkokjiji jxv rkc hygi Syflb s q z s a 4g <{y k , d ;H g hed hd lgkl k'eg kuLdi ksd ukji 4g Oc Sg Ldi ksd ukji Sy , s \ s q T s, q s \ s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 16 egaP

jlwn dS kukn g Sg jL kukn g sydv kukn 4g Sg Ldi kd rfi hui 4g Sg s X s , q s X s T s X s , q s \ s , q s \ Ldi kd hui rfi <jkd d jL d ukg sydv 4g Sg Ldi kd kvQx kurp s s s s s s , q s \ s X q s hji hd rjkH 4<jkd d ;H d ;ofH g hgj [n Gjr hd Nhi kurp hji hd w s s , s s s w rjkH 4Cgu hg g kt g Sx k[ e k;ufn hOw> hg ydycf eg ]dufikd hg , s T s X q q ydycf eg ]ryx hg ydycf eg ]ryx eg dfk;D hg kxkg [An 4g [An dS q q X s q , q uoht ]g jkH dS uoht ]g >kc dS uoht kr ]Ski jd ku kHrfi kurp j , , s s z s xv <erfv klo jkv 4g krkt kg <erfv kd krpV jg hr[nf Cgu krpV , , , s Bkd hd uoht e ufv hd /kc ltf g krkg et kd /kc lm skd krxtl lm s X s , s s 4g hrdl jd jkdk{kl kd k;el jg hd uoht kt g krkg et kd eLtf , s , s of lm ]kd kRe0fc lm 4g hrdl ukt kd ;l kt g krkg et kd kRe0fc q , s s , s q lm ]kd kurp lm ]kd lthyIub lm jkc hygi g rDe lcl ub SkHrfi s T s T q s a z hdltf jkv 4g krkt kg rDe lum k;PfW kjiji ]tkel kr g krkt kg rDe , , s q s a \ a s , s q s l ;H henkv ct jkv 4g krkt kg rDe l kvQx kr g krkt kg rDe sl ;H , , s q s X q s , s q henkv ct jkv 4g krkt kg rDe l k_k' kr g krkt kg rDe l ;H henkv , , s q s X s , s q s ct jkv 4g krkt kg rDe l ukji kr g krkt kg rDe l ;H henkv ct jkv , , s q s s q s , s q s , 4g krkt kg , s rDe l ;H hg kurm henkv Skt kg rfho hurtf hd ;l lb jkv ]Skt k q s s , s g Ii kurtf ;l g; 4g hjutfeb dufikd Sk{jl cl jkv 4g k{jqlv hx T s a q , , ntV jkv g Cgu kjkgl Bkd jkv g kydv ydycf henkv g kydv henkv 4k , , s , , s q , s xkg ku hH Nd l sukyO> kd ;l lb 4g hg ydv ikv df g g; pl udfy s q s w s T s s , s 4g kydv kr e kxkg k;D jGf Skt ku ywH SkuFki Cgd ]Skt ku k[ jnfe wa s s T s a a Z z a s a Cgd ]Skt Ief ku re Cgd ]Skt ku k[ ukoxH Cgd 4Skt kg u uhyof Qx C w s s q gd df g kjr[ kr g rgd kd u[n jdyk[ [kv ikv jxv 4g jrhH ;H 4k , s T s s s s s a , xkg tkjku go kr sxgd kd suyk[ [kv ikv jkv ]kxyk[ Cgu [kv go udfy s s X s s a , s s a s 4g Sg >el ukoxH jkv , q s , g Sg Ldi <jp go dltf klt hg uiv kxSki henkv dS kr kx[n jdyk[ , q s \ s , s s s s s [kv go g kvg kjL hg n[ go g kvg kjL go 4krdl Cgu hH [n go `g a , q q , q s , kgj kg k;D g; df Cgu hH kr[n jdyk[ [kv hHd go 4g krgj Ldi hg d s s s a , s \ s jd nc [kv go 4g krLdi djd nc [kv go 4g kj[ jkv kpl go g kLd a a , \ s a a , , , \ i ue kt Sgfkp hukg rcte k{jl hje df g kgj gd g; go dfk;D g krkr s T s s w q s , X , c hydu kd kjkrov d kjln 4g krkrc hylv kd jkrov uiv 4g krkrc O s X s X w , s s , J kd jdkFhr suiv ]g krkrc ukge kd Qx uiv kr ]kcL e kr g Cgu ukg s s , s q s s w T s T e jxv df g krk>el kd uiv dfc 4g ukge go df g k;x yp kri kdlm , s s T , s df Cgu Syflb ]g Qqx ukge rgc Qqx je8 ]df g krgd go e ;H hlb jGf T q s s , X 4g kry , s Ldi kjkgl hH kd durf kr kg krcL henkv ku g rgd 4g rgkp kjkgl hH \ s s s w T s T s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 26 egaP

f BkH 4k;x Lt hH klgf kd jdku lm dfk;D 4kxy ukv huki knk; jk,v e q\ , X s X /n l unf lm k[j jdku l unf ltf Sg ukjg xky d j? udfy 94Ski ukv w s , s q , s s s s ku e j? /n kyef huki 4ksjd <{hjuf kd /n8 ]df kgd jk,v k[j jdk,u d X w w S sukgm ksr 4g krkv jd yef huki e /n df k[n ukgm 4F BkH dS sd Fk X , X w s s X s uoVj ]kF krkv /wn kXue 4kF jkojfi kLc 4F xky k,l Bkd e j? d FkuoVj \ s s s X s 4hxLi hujd k{jl jk,v jGf ]hx s \ q s \ Li hujd k{jl jk,v jGf ]hxjd rhH;H jk,v k{jl cl ]krdl Cgu kg Nd q s q s q jd k{jl hg hurdf henkv rhH;H jkv 4g xke hd henkv rhH;H gxkv kd s q , , a z k{jl jkv 4g gxkv kd k{jl go g kst <jkd dyfk,e rkc dS 4g s/c sl r q , , z q , T a hrv eg Syf lb jkv 4g Cgu rDe eg l ;H udfy 4l ;H Sgfkp huksg rD , T q s s s e kursp ]g pl hg; hH Syf d tkel dS 4g pl g; hH Syf d rDf; dS q , s , s 4g krkt kg W' uk;Hfv ]jpoLS ]lgkl ]kre{ hd , s q T s s uht kd uoht unf hlm ]g krkt y[ jk} kd rxko Syf d Su unf hlm g , q s o ]g krkt ksg [em Syf d ;ofH unf hlm go ]g krkt kg /yim ksd ;H , q s , s v unf hlm 4g krkt ksg rDe l ;H henkv unf hlm g hrkt ksg Gkl hji > , q s , w el g; unf ltf 4g Cgu jxjkd ;kim Bksd g O> ;kim cl d upc sl uiy T T sw s s s dv lb jkv >el hji hji hd rkc lb 4g kydv l iWrH hxel ukyS hyI s , w w wa s s w z s s kI 4ukyS yIkI g Cgu Fkl Bksd df g kry >el kd ;l lb henkv kst jkv s s , , s s , 4g Cgu lkl Bksd 4g lkal Bkd g krksg kni eH Glf ]rIef Cgu uiky , a , s , , z Z s dv 4g kydv hH go k;yf kxy ultf 4g kydv hH go k;kxy l hrkN slt , s s , s s f krIef Cgu uikydv hH jGf 4ky kxy l hrkN hg kurdf ksd hldf g krIe s s s , f uikydv l suksg L[ chjd chjd l,t 4sxSkt ksg L[ chjd chjd jd Ldi s s s \ s a s \ \ ksd jln dS cl e suksd hg dS jkv sxxkH h_k; jkl d oku Cgo xkg gj x s w X , X s s s X s kH cl kgt udfsy ]g hrdl hH pc oku ksr ji oku gj L[ ydv7ydv go a , X s \ s s s s 4hxcwL hnt ]C s gu hxpc oku l ukg db jkv suLkn dum 4aSkt ksg db jdLk,\n Xe uksd hg s s s s s , ,\ s s s dS Gjr hg dS xky jkl e oku Bg hrcL jkv 4g hgj cL oku Bkd slt g s s X q w , , w s , , hg hlo chjd7chjd Lh\H g; jkv 4g Sg Sdf Lh\H jdLdi ksd jlwn dS Sg , , T q \ s q jL kukn jk,v n Lks\N ku Qqx Cgd df g krxy jL skd ;'f 4g krksg h[qn Qx s X s s , , q jd[n rks[ kd ;'f dS ]g krkg h[An jknukdn jd[n rks[ ksd dgkx dS s s s , s q w s s z s , , lt 4g hrksg kLhi hLc ksd ue kr g krxy uk[ ;'f dS 4 g ;'f uiv ur \ \ s , s s T s s df df g kr[j k;l hH Qx ksr 4kxMkt Li kydv e kr Sx ks[ ;'f jxv , a q a \ s T s df g kvg kjL hH Qqx 4g Sg Ldi kd kvQqx ;'f ]g Sg Ldi kd k;'f Qx , q T q s s X T q s \ s X q 4Cgu k/kv 4g krkt ksg kuxn jL ksr Skt skg , q a db jxv henkv Sg jL ksn df kgj Ni Cgu hH Bksd jkv 4g Sg Ldi ksd s q s w , T q s \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 36 egaP

s ky Nd ]g Cgu rlG s>e hHv df ]kgj krykI kdlm go l k"o gjkc kF kr q , Z w q s yp ei kdlm l h_ ltf 4hd Cgu hnk' u jyIgf ksr 4kd jln hldf krdl zs s s s w kt k;df Cgu lkoof ]y kyef kd hui Bksd ]n kcn unx jkv Om ksd rkj s s s Z , s 4ksg rksl ikv eltf hxSksl e jed hlm kr hui `xks[j kjgi ld ji hui s X X s s s s , ]xks[j kjgi kr ji cl 4n n jgt hui Cgu kri df kF rhH;H kurb jyIg s s s s f dfk;D 4hd hnk' ygi I? ksn d uje 4hd Cgu hnk' dr en rje u jyIgf X s sa s s s s 4kxgj nc jrhH d j? rfiIkj hylv kxyp rfiIkj hy s a s s du ]e hLk\x kLk? kxyp Cgu rfiIkj hylv jGf skr 4Skt kyp krPc kjr[ X s\ s \ jGf ]n dG ku jFi Bksd Cgd 4n ku jke Bksd Cgd df g hgj yp dwnc l s T s T X a ki lkv d rfiIkj jGf 4g rLi sujd db jknjgi jGf 4g krLi kupc sl L s T s \ s s , \ h\H jGf g krsy jd hdb Lh\H hH kt jkv ]sxy kte kdlm ]xn ukel xksy k , s , X s X X jktg hHd df hF hd hdb Syflb LhH g; `hF hd hdb Lh\H g; Syf ldf \ 4je henkv hydu kr n jke hykx Bksd dfk;D 4krjd rxko krgj kL s s s s X \[ kago jdLkt Fkg uyfI hydu go kr krLi kukt e Lh\H hd kxky kXjktg s\ s s \ X X s ct jk,v krgj nc e jed suiv uyfI kF krLi Bk[nf klt uyfI kst kF kL a X s s \ , s ks\N [j henkv dS su uyfI ksr 4sn jke ku hyksx Bksd df g krksg kni jL ksr s , , hrjd rxko lm LhH hd kxksy k[ky kXjktg ct udfy 4jd rxko slm LhH s \ X X s s \ hd kxky kX[ky kXjktg df Syflb g krgkp kuksg kru henkv g rkc hd te L X s , s , s s c g; cv jkv 4kF krLi Bk[nf kl,t uyfI kst kF kLkN [j henkv dS u u \ , \ s s\ s yfI 4Lks\N [j ycL suiv sukgm ]g krkt kgd e /cl d jyIgf jkv uyfsI s s X , X a a s , 4g krkt kyp krksg ektrb g; jkv ]ektrb g; ]ektrb g; jk,v 4g krkt , a , a a , kyp kryp jL g; jkv 4n kxy ku l hrkN dnc jdl? jrhH hg jknjgi Cg , s s wa q s d df g krxy jL jGf ]g kr[j jknjgi ji j? jGf ]g krjd Gf hd hckp , , s , lb jGf ]Cgu krksl jH rkj jGf 4Skt hyp ku hjksp hckp g; df g krjL , jGf 4g krkxy ykr e hjktrf 4g krky jd nhj[ hjktrf ksr ]u/ Skt kyp , s X s , s ku hjksp Cgd df g krkt kg kni ;H kdlb g u/ jGf g u/ lki jse 4kxSkt , s , , , s ksg rDe l ;H l u/ df g krked u/ go ygi g krjd ektrb kt henkv q s s , s , a s 94g Cgu rv Bksd kdlb jkv 4xxke k{jl jk,v jGf ]xx , a , s X a q s X ke k{jl jk,v jGf ]sxXxkae k{jl jkv ;kim cl go ]ksg gj jd ;kim er Sy q q , s q f d k{jl hd rkc ltf dfk;D ]ksn jd knof ksdcl8 ]kgd u krif d FkuoVj s q X s s 4 Bx kv hH hyNe dS e huki unf hlm 4k[j jtbkojil Ghp kdum g r/ X q s , fcl l jkojfi Iduf kt ksd henkv jk,v dS 94kxdksj l ukv ksd huki lb gj a a s s wa s s r hldf ksr e 4g knkjb ksr kje8 ]kgd u BkH d FkuoVj 94g Cgu ksr knkjb T , s s s , kd su[j jtBkojil Ghp jk,v cv8 ]df kgd jdkyc gm u krif d FkuoVj q q X s s 4k;x Lq\t hH klgf kd jtBkojil dfk;D ]kxy ukv huki knk; jk,v Xe / q X s n Bg hukjg jkv e j? udfy 4k[j jtBkojil dS jiM dlm ukgm F hYt w q , , X s q s s X s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 46 egaP

rkc ]g rjGf7ryp go dfk;D 4g ydfe kjt kuukpgi kdum udfy 4g L[ T s s X , q s s T s \ henkv hydu gxt cl e kXlGfkv ]e kXjrn e kXukdn kr lS ]g L[ henkv X X X w s s s T s \ hydu e kr[ hHl 4kF kL[ henkv hydu dS Xe r[ dS df g kuql ue 4 X X s \ s , s T T g henkv hydu cl eg 4g krxy uLi eyke hydu go g hylv kst kd n[ , s \ w , q jkv g krkt iNf go g hylv kst kd n[ df g krkt yH kurb jh/7jh/ go , , , q , w s s 4g , Cgu cyre eg Nd kxksg df g krn kyH go ]g krxy ujd urhd utH go X q , s q , s Z ]g kry kjp [kv go 4g krdl ksg jL lltf ]krgkp ku[n Cgu go go hH j , s q a , s s rhH uiv 4g hrkt yH g hry kpc ksd uiv go l kago 4hrkOm Cgu hg [kv s , w , s s s a go kago 4Cgu hg hr[n go kgo hxSkt hukt rkc Bu Bkd df g krxy jL sl s a s , m kgt kagt jkv 4g hrjL l uukt hH Nd go 4g hrjL l uukt hH Nd go a , , s s q , s s q Syflb 4g Cgu ;Hv go 4g rhH;H kHrfi hd rjkH 4g kvg kxy l'fhykj , , z , q i g rk?k{i kd ;H ksd kHrfi hd rjkH g krgkp kugd likv _l kjln g; , , z wa s w w 4g rcl k , w d suksg rhH;H Glf jkeg ]kukt syp Ldi ksd kX<jp dlm kjkeg Qx kukji ] Z s s \ s q q ckrdf hukji hjkeg ]Fi <kji kjkeg krhnkokjiji hjkeg jkv 4g krdl ksg g q a q a , , ; kr g k;D kuekd hd k{jl ]g k;D ;H udfy 4g rdl kv e kjk/ hd uo s , q , s T s X ht eg e <{ dS 4g L[ sNhi rgc l kjk/ hd uoht eg 4k;nf k[ uoht u X T s \ q s s s Rpf jkeg 4g krkt ks[ uoht e ''fksd hd ugc 4krdl kt Cgu kpc 4g kr s , X s , dl kt kgc Fkl d uoht lm g kl,t uoht `g rdl pc ld l uoht 4Sj s , T s s , s fd re ;kim kd supc llm g klt uoht ]g lupl ]g krkFr skt hd uoht s , , , , , 4Bx ksg e[ rkc g xv kd uoht , a q 1 ;e df g kry ukt ]krsy Cgu uke 4g kry uke xav kd uoht ksd ;e kt , s , s q 1 s g krkt Om jiM d ;H d ;e henkv hgo g kry jd jkdhxav ksd k{jqlv , s s q 1 , s ]kd hIjfk;Dlfub kt 4g krksg r{fjl henkv hgo 4g kry jd jkdho ksd rf s , s , q , s Ff hd suksg ydv kst g krksg nkc d ;H henkv hgo 4g rkt yp rkjxf Xe ; s s , s T s s s H jkv ektrb jkl jk,v Skt ksg jgkc d ;H df g krjd Syflb ektrb jk , a s s , a , v 4g krjd Syf ldf ektrb jkv g krdl ksg rhH;H kurb l uoht henkv , a , , s 4 hn jke hyksx jdk[ jgt u kukn nkc I? kn j,kv 4ulm k;nf kojd gkoof kd s X s sa s s X kuksn jkv 4k;x k;yf kyc jd kOm l nCu ksd rgfkji ksd henkv hH Bksd d , q s q S e j?yd dS ygi I? kn d suje 4g Bx kv hg uekl rk,e cv g Cgu kj X s s sa s s , s , r[ Bksd cv dfk;D 4y jd gkoof eg kv sy ksd rgfksji jk,v ktkv hnt r X X q w df htH jc[ sulm cr ]Cxy uyp k;yfksx jgkc dlm e uhet phu kF kiNf s s a s X s kagt jyIgf unf ltf jkv xy ujxf ec uZyfkc unf ltf ]kgj krykI 4g srL , s s T i ewyke ekd hjWt urb jlwn dfk;D 4hrksg Cgu hH rlwG hd ujd ei ksd kx \ s s X Z s zs X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 56 egaP

4kruke Cgu ukel ksd hldf henkv hydu ]g krjd kokn kd uksg ukel go g kst _ef d , s , fkX;D 4krdl kt k;df Cgu rknc _ef ]Cgu _ef Bksd kd jyIgf 4rdl ksg Cg Z s u _ef d henkv hydu ]g rdl kg _' ]g rdl kg ;'f dlm 4krdl kg C s T s s q T s s s s gu Bksd _ef kd henkv hydu ]g rdl kg h;k;uv dlm k; ]g rdl kg q_' T s s q s T s s dlm ikv kr k; krjd Cgu nli ku[n _ef ksd hldf henkv hydu dfXk;D s s a s 94k[n l lqx u henkv hydu 2_ef je8 ]kgd jkv k;x lki d henkv hydu s s s s ss , s lm duf'kn go ]kxksg hg tkjku ]way hg Ni ksyp df kpkl unf dS udfy Sk Z w s s t ksg ku tkjku Cgd Ni ku k; waNi kpksl u duf'kn ]kF henkv hydu go kr wa w w s Z s 4g krkt g , c xj kpd xj hydu l,t e huki g rkt gc ckot kr g kryef kyko uNwi a a s X T s s , s ct jkv 4g lki je ckot cl g kr>el henkv hydu jg jk,v Cgu ckot , T ss , kd ui jkv ]kn ckot kd ui je ]kdW g krgd jk,v g kry Ldi ji dL\l z , s z ss s , , s \ s X kd k;efnkv hydu rkjdl dfk;D 4g krn kyif jgt kr Syfhlb ksd rkjdql q X , s s 4xn jke hyksx g krgd go g krNi ui llm henkv kt 4krjd Cgu xkae hH s X , , w z s s d hd ui g krjd xkae hd jRm Glf henkv hydu re hg kNi ui df g k z , Z s w z , rgd go ksr 4g rxy sudl[f jRm Ow> dlm kr SNfi ui llm ikv jxv T s s s s w z s 4g [j uke jRm O> d kui hHl sulm dfk;D 4g krkt ksg tkjku henkv hy T s sw s X z X , du dfk;D 4g dkujr[ kLc kuNi ui l k;efnkv hydu dfk;D 4g hrLi hu X , \ w z s X X , \ kIt regf ksd duf'kn 4k;x lki dlm duf'kn go jd kIt regf unf dS q Z s Z q 4g '[ k , q Lc df g krxy klS jkv g krgj kLdv r g kryduf e hH ct jk,v 4g k;D \ , s , , \ w wa T , kte >r ]g krgj hg kL[ r g hrkv i/ ]g hrkv kZ"o hFkl Bksd ku hxal B s w , \ w , w , ksd ku ]hrLi eyke Cgu eLjkc ]Cgu krcm ]Cgu krkjc? hHd 4g krgj kL[ \ w s , \ kydv r8 ]Ni l [e lb df kvg ue kdlm kGn Bd 4g kyduf sl kago d s w s w s Z w q , uf'kn kGn Bd go g kL[ henkv hydu e r[ go 4g k_k; hd k;efnkv hy Z , \ X s , X du cl go ]g krjd k_k; hd dr hynf go ksr 4dl Oc jdLdv ji ltf , s , \ Sgfkp huyef ld hlsS 4g krgj e 'kyr hd gxt hd Ldv henkv hydu j q , X \ , , kv 4g henkv hydu df ku>el ksr [n kvg kLdv hH akgt kr 4Skt y[ ku X s q \ s q ydu Cgd kr Skt hyp Ldv jxv dfk;D 4g rgj Sg Ldv k'eg henkv hy s \ X T s q s \ s du 4kF krgj kL[ jdLdv Cgo henkv hydu go unf ]rkj ]ex ]iw/ ]kZ"o \ \ kF kjtx jkc dsuv 4kF krjtx l lki d henkv hydu d r[ duf'kn dS q q s s s s Z 4g Syf d , s ukjL ksd kjoukt g Sg Skxy ukldf e r[ go 4g kvg kugi krd ]g hxy s X , q X s , q Z q , hLkag ]g kPx kLaL 4g rsy ukpgi cl henkv hydu e r[ go ]g rjd rhp , \ T s X s T s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 66 egaP

s u henkv hydu lm 4g hgj yp Syf d ukjL rfx hjkl 4kxSkt kg ZFel Xe , s s s sukjL go kxSkt pgi sygi kt 4g krgkp kukjL kd lW kdhjev ]g krgkp qa s , s , kukjL ksd kdhjev lW ksd kdhjev ku cyre l lW ku ksd nkap g Syf d u s , s s kt dr nkap go d kdhjev jk,v g gj xkH Gjr hd nkp uk; d lW kst go s T s a s 94Syf d ukjL kd hldf df g Syf d s s s , s s ukt dr nkap ]kukt dr nkap kjkgr ]uk; jkgr ]Lhi hjkl hjkgr ku ksg sr q s q q jd jd jGf7yp er go g kry jd yp kucf e ekd kst `g k;D dG ksr 4 q wa s s T , Z g kry kjL jGf yp hg kucf e ]ku ksg hg rkjL ksd kjln ksg k;D rjd er j wa s s s T s X w s q d jGf yp udfy 4krdl Cgu jGf yp kjt e df g dG kLkF ]kg 4g [sn h s T , Z s\ a T s g lS henkv cl kr ue 4g rgd hydu xky >e df ]g hrksg hukjg hL\c ksr s s s s T T s s s q , , s q >e8 ]kgd u henkv hydu lm 94k[sn hH henkv hylv hHd uer ji r[8 ] s s q s kNi u henkv hydu lm l duf'kn lm 94k[n hH henkv hylv Bksd hHd u w s s Z s s er8 ]df kgd ulm jkv 4kxy sulg jdky[f7y[f jGf go 94g ry nukv e q s , a T s s a X s ukjL kd kXjlwn knl henkv hydu ksg rgd dhO ydycf8 ]kgd u duf'kn lm s s q s Z 4g hrjd 0lf e rykg , X jg jkoyr 4kg henkv Sg jL er ksg jkoyr Syf d ujL ku gkp ]ksg jkoy s q s q s s s r Syf d sukjL gkp udfy 4 g Syf d ujL ku l hldf 4g Syf d ukjL go s s s , s s s , s s 94g rjWt k;D hd , ujL >e g rjL jln l>e ]dhO ydycf8 ]g krgd go ksr g krn kjL ksd sj s s q , s s w s q q , , s lwn go ct 4g Cgu rhH;H e cv df g krkv lkoof lm kr ]g krn jd rh wa T , s s , s H;H ksd jln go ct dfk;D `k;D ]g krsn rnfukv djd rhH;H hgo g rhH s w X X , a s , ;H kt 4g oHlv naukv g; kF;v 4Sgfkp kukg rhH;H a;o henkv go g k s , a s , rkg rnfukv e sujd rhH;H ksd jlwn henkv kst gj uk; jk,v 4rhH;H ksd sj s a X s s ln ]g dS Glf nukv kdlm 4g krkv kte e ukjL ksd jln kd henkv hyd w , Z a , X s s w s u 4g krkt jL kyko ni kd kui ]g ni kd hynf lki uiv 4g krkt jL ky , w , s , ko ukde kIkN ]g ukde kLc lki uiv 4g krkt jL kyko hjktrf hIkN g hj s , \ s , s , s ktrf hLc lki uiv 94krkv Cgu nukv Bksd jkv 4g krkv nukv hg e ukjL k \ s a , , a X s s d kjln Glf kd k;efnkv hydu 4kg rgd dhO er8 ]df kgd u duf'kn lm X w Z s X s s q s Z 94g naukv hg naukv en dS ]g naukv rgc e ukjL ksd kjln ]g krkv kt , , q X s X w , e rgc g rxkH jd jL joukt ]g krkv kte rgc g rxkH jd jL h{i 4g q T s , q T s , krkv naukv kLc e ukjL ksd kjln 4kg; g nukv kL\c 2jv ]cM ]upc8 ]kgd \ X s X w a , a s , s s ulm 4kxy ulg jdky[f7y[f henkv hydu go 94rkt kg Cgu upc ]rkt s a s s , s s Cgu kjc? ]rkt Cgu cM ]ksg rgj L[ sydv er unf rkj ]i/ ]kZ"o ]g k;kv s s s \ s q w wa s w uNi g; e 4g k;kv uNi jkv Nd ksr e g Cgu <ioge ykol g; 4k;df T wa s w , q T , Z w u/kscl g; ue Syflb ]Cgu k>l Nd >e 2kvkt ksg re tkjku ]k;df u/skc a s T w q s q s a Z s T l Glf ue8 ]kgd sulm hH jGf 9`g kr_ef k;D hje ler 2_ef8 ]kgd ulm , s s q s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 76 egaP

y Gjr hd jln jrjuf urpV kjkeg g rkc hygi Syflb 4g oHl kuukt jk s w a , , a , v g oHl hg kupkl e /cl uiv jkv 4 hylv k; g hydu e df pksl Xe / , a s X a a s , wa T s a a s cl uiv 4g krpkl rkc hd gjr lb e /cl sd jln henkv hg hydu Glf , s X X a a s w Z 4hydu k; g hylv go df re hg Xpksl e /cal d jln 4g g; rkc ksr hygi , X a s s w , ukpgi ld eg `g ukd hylv X s , , , `g uk,d hydu df8 ]g kNi u _ef um 94g hydu henkv cl8 ]kgd ue klt , , w s T s T , ~ ~ ~g kNi su _ef dS , w ]uekv ;if jse . z s u ZlksdLf a k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf lDkI a w tks[ hd rjkH Su s s k'kv 4jd jkdho ek<i kjse X z 4g k wa rjd ek<i ksd kekeji Oc jrhH dcl e rv jkv 4g rgfxuv llm kul sl z s, s X a , wa z q s q ei jk,v rfk' hurb ksd kXrkc hje ]kxWd rkc likv ji _l jlhr gcl yd zs a s a s w s q 4hxSkv llb go g IDLki Bkc hdlb go dfXk;D hrdl Ief Cgu krd s , s sz <fkeiv hd gjr hldf jk,v dr cr g hrIef Cgu krd<fkeiv g; dr ct z , z jkv 4g Bg kni l hlb g Bg kni krd<fkeiv hurtf hjln jGf jkv 4g Bx , , q , s , q , z w , T ksg d<fkeiv 4Bx gj Cgu d<fkezi Bx gj Cgu dIfFkv kekv hd rjkH 4kr z X dl ksg Cgu d<fkei dIfFkv hylv hHd henkv rhH;H jkv g rhH;H go z X , , g k/c l rhrv kt 4g henkv hydu go g k/c l urkji kst g _l kjln g; , a s s , , a s q , w w 4g hn jd nc kFo; hd uksg kni kd henkv hylv , a s , s jdLdi ksd kjiji urkji u rjkH dfk;D g k;x ksg rket hd k;efnkv hyd \ a q s X , X u rjkH 4g krdl ksg d<fkei ]g krdl kg hylv dIfFkv henkv hgo g Cgu , z , s X , kvg kjL kt g regf hdltf hd ukt ji kXrkj rpfjfiv ukKv Su jk,v g q s , s , jkdho e ue dltf kd rfFf ds;i hd uoht 4g krjd jkdhxv kdlm hj X s z , a s kehc kr g hjkehc ];ko ksr g ;ko ]q;e ksr g ;e ]et ksr g et g s , , 1 , q 1 , , kl,t uoht 4g e krpV ku g e tk[ hd k{jl ku g rhH;H ku g krjd jkd , X , X s q , , ho kl,o kdlm g kl,t uoht g ',upl hd uoht kst go g hIh'IDfl hd uoh s , , , , t kst go ksd krFr hd uoht kt g krdl ksg hgo henkv hylv 4g ydfqe r s , , gc kuyef henkv hylv 4g ydfe rgc jRm ksr Skt kNi hH likv 4g kd q , q q w s , l n Cgu duf'kn go jRm kdlm 94kyef henkv hylv Bksd hHd gr8 ]kgd s Z X q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 86 egaP

4g kgj jG kyke g kgj it ekj7ekj jd Oc elm g k[j ku , s , , X , c jnfe hg e sphxc d j? hg uekl d j? ]jdOc e jnfe ;'f kdlm 4kpg a X s s s , X a qa i j? d ;'f lm Qx go tc pkai gcl unf dS 4g ji rkj d du go g k s q s q , s s Z , gj kt kvg Iu uoht kdlm aSk>el ksd hui hje jkv Skv hHd ikv8 ]df q s , kgd kd Qx suiv u henkv lm j[fkv 4hrn ykI rkc jkv hrlg hui go 4k s q s s , a yef krkj kd ukoxH hyef rfk' kyef uoht >e lum 4g /kleji go yp a s q s T q lki d Qx je hHd df kF krgd jrjuf l hui huiv henkv dS g kuql uTe s q ss a s , s `g kgj jd k;D e pl henkv go g kgj skg , X , k;D jrhH 4g kgj ksg gjr hd uh'e ji kXFkg it kd ekj g; 4g gj jG F , T s s kg gjr hd _e kyke g; `g kgj jd k;D go df g krdl [n l jrhH henk a , , s s v go udfy 4g rdl [n hg kurb l jgkc ksr eg 4g uhyr e kuZFki jkv s T s s s , X z , kti dek/ 4g kgj y eku kd ukoxH g kgj it kyke go g krLi Bk[nf sl w , s , , \ jgkc 4g kgj y eku kd ukoxH ]g kgj it kyke jdOc e jnfe henkv dS , s , , X a 4g uk,d eg g rdl T T s [n eg ksr kago 4g rdl kt jrhH eg ksr suiv udfy 4g rdl [n eg hgo s T s s T s s g krLi Bk[nf kt l jgkc 4g krdl [sn hg l jgkc krdl jd Cgu 'oi jr , \ s s , s s z hH d jlwn hldf rDf; hH Bksd dfk;D 4g Cgu ykol kd upksl e /cal d sj s s X , s X a s lwn hldf g; ]g l,o g rLi Bk[nf lt eg 4g hydu eg df g rukpgi cl T s T s \ s , T T s eg 4g hd regf hd ujd jgfkt hH kd uihylv uiv jkv 4kxksg kukpgi h , s s s , H ksd uihydu uiv sulb e <{ lb jk,v 4kxksg kgj henkv rHnv jhdG g; s X q . 94g kgj krgd e hH l k;_f hjln rkc hg; n krc hH g; wa T s X w wa s q T >r e jgO ]jgO8 ]kgd u jhdG lm hHr jk,v ]Bx jH l h'[ [akv hdlm s s q X 4Bx jH l nukv h_ go 4g Cgu k{kadv jk,v kuekd hd hldf jk,v rDjfrfv s a , ss jr lc e kukd je 4g kgkp hg s>r Glf sue jk,v 4g Cgu hjln ji hoi h_ X X ss , q Z T , w 1 jnl knk; l>r8 ]kgd ksd h_ lm sulm jkv 4g kgj ksg knof l kdefi hu qa s q , , s zs iv go rkj dS 4kF ei kdlm l hui hd Ikel dS 4uhnWlu kF jhdG dS zs s z 4g Cgu eg kt g rksg hgo Cgu xy T s T s v eg ]eg udfsy 4g kst kxksg hgo hL? jg ]hH >kl hH gcl kxksg hgo kr h , \ a q s enkv hylv 4g rkt ync jgp jkeg jkc jktg e jH unf 4g k[j kuc ue T s s s X , s T go g kgj k[nf e go g Cgu yD' hje kt jk,v 4g h[j kiNf ue go g yD' wa T , s s , s T , hylv kst hje ~ ~ ~ksd kjln yod ku 4g krukt rfkHhyH ksd ikv uiv jkv s X w s wa a s , 4g kgj ht Fkl uiv e dr uje jdy l et dr >kl l gcl dfk;D 4g wa s T s s s a s q X , Cgu uOfd rgc kusy ukt lb jkv 4g henkv kld e df g g; ykol hylv q s , wa , T , 4kupkl e /cl d kjln jkv kupkl Cgu e /cal s X a a s X w , s X a s a d ;o 4g hH g; <{y dS kd henkv hydu 4g kld kjln ukd 4g krksg kx , , , w , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 96 egaP

jh/ 2BkH je8 ]kgd u < ekj 4hdIi aSke <o go ]ji jFi jd yks[ s ss s q Z hyF l jkt ulm jk,v 94ks[j ksd kvke Z<o jktg ub 2lgeji g 4g k;ky S , s s s X q a s wa a ke <o jktg e8 ]kgd sulm ksr 4k;kv henkv dS unf dS lki d <ekj q Z T s 4g krksg Hksy hH e xk; jrhH jkv ]g kgj , X , wa jd xk; e df g krk[nf henkv l jiM ]g hrksg klgV jrhH jkv 4g dlgVv T , s , , , df g krk[nf henkv l jiM 4g Sx ksg hydu cl eg df g krdl kt kgd , s T , jd[n [An kjkeg 4g krkg utH naukv rgc ]rhxl rgc ]/xl rgc Xe hxnt s q , s q a q a q q V skr g krksg Idi hylv ct jkv 4g hrkt kN hlknm jkv kLh\i jk,v krpV jk , z , , , , v [An kr 4g krkt kg y>fksc rgc jiM jkeg ct hydu Glf g hIksN hd p q s , s q s Z , a kt hg dS 4g k;x ksg hjkH henkv hydu df kuukt ksr ksg [An uoht jxv 4 , q g krkt kyp krksg [An hg kurm uoht 4g kgj kt kyp krPc jiM jkeg hen , q , \ s kv hydu kurtf gj uk; jk,v g k;D e df g u'ojtokv g <{jfi uhgrv s wa T T s , a 4kd dr q;e jdy l et g <{jfi kd I? lhck,p g 1 s s , sa ; 4g hydu kurdf g hylv kurdf e df ]kxsLi kuukt kd ;o ksd henkv j wa wa T \ s a g 4g rdl ksg hH ryx ukeuv udfsy g rdl kt Skxy ukeuv 4g ydfe T s q T s q , q rgc kuukpgi kuukt l jgkc lb udfy 4kF kgj kcn unx hd jkep henkv q s s s Z hylv kF kgj jd kti e jnfe henkv hydu go 4ksg Sx pgi Cgu ksr ji u w X a qa kdn hd rwt Cgd df kpkl ue ksr 4ksg gj Lx> l hldf er df kF kgj xy w s s s T s \ s q klsS l jgp jkgr udfsy ]ksg gj it kyke kr Oc er n;k' df kpskl ue kr s s s s q s s s, q s T s 94g kr , ksg jkpof kygi hgo ;el rOm gcl g krksg jkpof erfv kt ;el rkl d r s q , a s s s s kj g oHuv kje dr kgt 4g kukt unhj[ rt hg jdOm gcl df kF kgd sl , q s a , s s w q >e suer rDo rksl rkj8 ]kgd sulm 94kyp kri ld >r8 ]kNi ulm udfy q q s s , s w w s s 4hy Ldi unx hd jkep jk,v k;x kg kLx> ji ukP\c ukI? ekn jk,v kF kgj \ Z s \ s s nhj[ krt 4ji ukdn hd rt dS go kF k;x pgi udfy 4kF kgj jd l jgk w w s w qa s s c go ksr kti hg e pl 4g k;x ksg ukjg rfi kdlm jkv 9`g kgj jd k;D g w X , , , , o e pl SNfi l rfi je ikv8 ]kgd u hui hdlm 94g kgj jd kti e jn X w s ss s , w X fe rfi kjr ]g rkc hd hukjg8 ]df kgd hH u Qx dlm ~ ~ ~ ~u hui hdlm a s , , s q s s 94,g hg j yksc Ow> hui hje g; jk,v g hy[ Cgu hH ukdn hHv g ky[ Cgu hH jkt s T q X w , q kc hHv 4g kgj jd kuFki e jnfe e 4rkc g; g O> jlkjl8 ]kgd ulm ]k wa Z z X a T , w s ;x kv jdyduf jgkc go 4g kgj ul cl g; kOc e jnfe d yxc rfi kdl , q , X a s m 94hy kcn uZnx hd jkep sulm jkv ]k;x ksg kLx> e unhj[ krt kdlm jk , \ X s w , v 4g kgj nhj[ rt l ukdn hd rwt dS jkv 4g k;x pgi jktkc ;'f kdi , s w s w s , , qa kv g hr>el e8 ]jdukt kgd u hui hdlm 9`g kagd ;'f kje8 ]df kNi wa T s , s w s ulm l hui jkv kyks[ jk} su hui k;kI[I[ ktkojn kd ukde jdkt u Qx s , s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 07 egaP

skr g krgd g; e ct Cgu udfsy 4g kekv hje hgo g krLi Bk[nf sl k_ wa X , s , \ X o je kt 4g jrhH e hgo g klt jgkc e 4g henkv kld jrhH e df g rd s s s wa T wa , T wa , T T s l hg ukt ksr eg udfy 4g ykd henkv g nGl Lid 4g k;x hg kg Fkl d s T s T s s \ , s s de lb g krkt ksg kjr[ kLc kr Skt kyp tkel jkv ek,d Bkd e Fkg d q , \ s , s X s kXyko Lid nsGl jk,v 4g kgj ugi Lid nGl go g kykd jrhH go 4g kgj j s \ , s \ s , , d ''fksd hd ukiNf ksd suiv hH henkv kykd e Lid nGl df g g; ksr pl s X s \ s , 4,g kvg q kOc henkv kykd ydycf dS jrhH jrhH jkv 4g kNv hH jkv ksr kXg sd hn , q , , , k[ Lid jxv jk,v g Sg ugi Lid nGl l jgkc henkv dS 4kxukpgi ukd s \ , q s s \ s s s , g; udfsy 4g kvg kOc kyko suLdi jrhH g kyko uLkN jgkc 4g kvg kOc , q , \ , s s\ , q , hxksH jrhH ]g hxk; jgkc 4dl yef jktg d g krLkN dS henkv 4hxyef j T X s , s\ X ktg lm kxLkN dS kst df g hrgd ckrdf jkv dl yef knk; jkv dl ye s s s\ , X , s , s f dfkr ,g Syflb g kLkN ]g kLkN Cgu hH Nd ulm djd 'oi e kekv hd , s\ , s\ q s s s z X lm kNi udfsy g krn LkN cl 4g krkt kg hxk; g krn LkN j? henkv dS s w , s s\ , s , s s\ 4g rgkp kuy xkv kago go 4g gj jd Ioub go g T s s s T s s T gj n go g krxy kag; 4g gj jd Bked kago go 4g gj jd ukn go df g k s s , T s T s , rxy kg; 4g gj jd ektrb kago ]g gj jd <{jl ]g gj jd u'otjf e x a T s a T s a T s s Z X Z o go l jrhH g gj jd ukn g krxy l jgkc g gj kuc jnfe kt xksy go s T s , s T s a s 4kF kxy e ukpc go l jrhH jkv 4g kgj [n go kF kgj Li Bk[nf hg X s s , , s \ l jiM 4krjd k;D hruxf ksr Cgu 4kxksg kgj kpc l jrhH jk,v ]kF kgj dG s X s T ksr l jiM r kr 4krkt Cgu kdG jduxf ]g krkt k;kpc ksr jduxf 4hF r s w s T , jWt k;D hd udG jd uxf kr k;x sudG e kxx ct udfy 4g krLi kujd s T s T X a s , \ kdb jduxf kr g krjd kdb u/ henkv ]g yxki kLc r8 ]kgd u <ekj s , , \ w s 4kIky henkv go jGf 94Bx ksg hdb LhH hL , \ c kago jkv 4g kgj dG ksd SiQ dS dS jkv ]g kgj uxf g krkljc ksd SiQ \ , , T , , , dS7dS henkv go8 ]df kgd jd Iky su henkv lm `kvg k;D kd henkv l , q m ks[n jdkt ]ktH ksd henkv dS su <ekj 4Cgu kIky Bx ksg jn rgc ud s s , s q fy hF hjcte k;x ]kF krdl jd Cgu hH kue Syf lb 4kF kdp n kd < s w q s s ekj cv 4Skv ykL e kxx go jkv jrm k;Pfhl hg lki 4g hrgc kxx hg p X a , s a \ , a s hu 4ksvkv ykL e kxx jdkt jkv sky /kac hjOx hdub er ksjd ekd dS eqr X a , q g jktg g aSke <o `kd k;iQ ub kxWd k;D e8 ]df kgd u <ekj jGf T , q Z X a T s 4g kgj ykc O> go 4Bx jxf l yH Cgu df kxy ugd go hH jGf 4,g k;y , s w s w s f Ldi ksd ui hydu dlm u <ekj udfy 4kxksg kdkTp henkv go 4y uql \ s s s s okax kjkl df g krdIi SiQ l jkt urb 4y ul okax kjkl df g krjd slS h , s s s s q , s enkv ksr ukn kr 4g krkt kyp hg kte ksr ksjd l jh/ jxv ukn cv 94Skt s , s s Li Bkul tkokv ksd kxky d lksLi df ksg rdIi k;D l jkt urb ]ksn [j sl \ q X s s \ s s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 17 egaP

h[yf rkc jknste rgc dS sukgm e ckrdf lm 4jk} tkel jk,v ;kjekj g q X X , eku kd ckrdf lm g h[yf ckrdf dS u ht h_kijd df g krkv yk;[ >qe , s , s 4xn kdld s X s f ukn ikv ksr Cgu gj hH kxe[hH ]gj hchjx eltf xSkuc tkel klS dS s a s X s a s ikv ksr kd henkv chjx dS li kn Snf ue df kd jkdgv g krkv kte ksdi s s , s s T a , kv jxv udfsy 4ksg ku kxe[hH Bkd kgt dl kt hxkae ku [hH kgt xjd kO a s a s a s X p hd ukuc ksd tkel lS dS ikv ksr ]Skv k;n ji xe[hH dS jxv 4hrd s s s s s a l ksg Cgu rDe e rl hurb k;n sxaSkt ksg Cgu rDe jdn li ksn ikv kr S q X s q s s , s kv k;n jxv kdikv 4g krn kyG Fkg cr Syf d kli kr dl jd ku jkdub s , s , s X , s s jkv kXg gj [n henkv jkp ksg ji dLl henkv ct df g kr[n kxe[hH kr , s s \ , s a s 4g rksg ukn Syf d rfr hd jkdgv 4krjd C T s s 1 a gu ukn Bkd l k;n Bksd 4g jkted kagd g jkted henkv df g rukt hH g s s , s , s T s o ]g rgkp kukOm kn;kG kd rtb hdikv e [kav hd k;efnkv jkp go 4xS T s X X s a kt kg L[ jdLs\kt ji Fkg ydycf go ksr kXg L[ ikv Fkl d kX_ef jkp 4g s s \ , q s \ s T rjL rgc e suxkae [hH e ydv likv sxe[hH Syflb ~ ~ ~okH g; 4g krj s q X X s s s a wa d ukn li kn e df sxkXg gj [n s>e xksy jkp k; g k;n rfi d xe[hH jrh s , s T s s q , z s s a H je ksr g krjd ukn li kn ksd sxe[hH dS e ct `g k;D jrhH je Arqr ss wa s , s a T , ss o 4g kuy tks[ jrhH hg uiv g kukt Cgu sutks[ jkv Cgd hylv jkv hydu , s s , , , `g T uk,d eg df Skt Li Bk[nf eg df Cgu hg rgkp g; cl eg 4g rgkp kupc \ X s T s s l suiv cl eg 4g krgkp kupc l su[n kd hukeBc huiv `k;D ]kxsLi Bk[ , s s s s X \ nf kvg krjd knuV hd hukeBc hd kjln ukeBsc ]kxLi Bk[nf kvg krjd knu q s X w s \ q V hd hjksp hd kjln jksp gj uk; jk,v g rkt kg uyl e knuV hd sjln Sy X w s T s s a X w flb g rgkp kupc eg l u[n Gjr huiv 4g Cgu <jkd j,kv Bksd kdlm g T s s s s , T srkg rhnnaukv g rksg dlm urb e knuV hd kjln eg 4g hrgj hr[sn Gjr s T s q s X X w T hd jln knl X[kv 4g kr[n Gjr hd jln ]Gjr huiv Cgu hg kr[n Syflb s w a wa s s w s 4kxLi hg kuync ksd henkv O> lb 4kxSkt ksg y s \ sw dfe kuht Fkl d henkv O> lb kr g henkv kO> e df y ukt e jxv 4g q s sw s wa w T wa T , rkoWq' hd rfka <{hjuf dfk;D g rgkp kujd Cgu <{hjuf eg Syfhlb 4h X T s xPc Cgu hHd hxSkt ksg W' <{dr g kync ksr g henkv hydu e df Skt s\ q Z , wa T a Li Bk[nf s>e jkv Wd <{hjuf e jxv g krgkp kugd likv e jk,v 4wag he \ q , a T wa s T nkv kld e df Wd <{hjuf e /cl uiv e df g krdl ksg hg dS ksr yg , T a X a a s T , `g Fv k;D ]g utk;i k;D l ujd urpV e /cl d hlkLi dfk;D 4kxjd u , Z , s z s s X a a s s \ X s rpV e /cl uiv rDf; yh'jkpof 4g rjd urpV e /cl d hlkLi cl eg X a a s T s X a a s s \ 4kxkg henkv kykd jrhH g kru s , gi Lid nGl jWt 4g kld go df rckc d hlksLi g rxy ujd jkpof xky s \ s , , s \ T s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 27 egaP

jc[ hd Ffrf kucf kt 4F rgd Ffrfv F rgd Ffrfv e ;el ukji eg kd s s s s s X s q s ukege Syfhlb 4Bx ksg dp udfy 4rksg Sx yp Cgd ]rksg Sx dl[f Cgd s w s s s s jd kxy kykr ksr krkt kyp kri ygi k;x ld kv ukege g; df g Li e s s , s T s \ X Idl <ki jkv 4Sx kv ikv df kgj kv nukv kLc df g rgd eg jk,v k;x k a z , a \ T s v ukege Bksd e j? 4g kukt utsk[ kagd henkv 4g O> df kxSkrc uk,d cv s X , s , w 4k;x Li Bk[nf ld kjgp l gcql7gcql \ s , s s kd In lb g krgd ue jrhH jkv Bg krUli hLc jdyef likv g rgd q , , q z \ s T s eg jkv g kryef henkv dS ji rkj 4g kgj yt /ks jkv g hgj yt xkv , , s , , , jrhH g hpl Igkjde hjkeg kr g rkjde eg ct ]g rukpgi rfkHhyH , q s T s q T s a eg 4g rukt n[ eg `ld df kxSkrc uk,d g; Sgfkp hujd tks[ hd O> T s q s , w lb 94g k;x ksg kO> e g Sx kg Ow> eg df kF g; cyre kje ]k;x ksg kO> wa w T T s s s w kjln df kF Cgu g; cyre kje8 ]df kgd g; ue ct jkv 94k;x ksg kO> w s s T , w tkel kji kjkeg ]g Sx kg henkv O> cl eg8 ]df kgd gcl ue e ZFv lb w T s sw q s T X 4g kst Tg hg T o kst g dIfFv g spl kt g rdl kg Oofi hg go ksr e jnfe lm 4krdl T X T s T s s z X a ksg Cgu Oofi e jnfe d Hzi henkv kOw> 4g kry[ jk} kd jnfe d Hi Xe e z X a s q , q a s q z k<jfi erfv d henkv dltf hrdl ksg Cgu rfka go e uoht d henkv lm a s s X s ]krdl ksg Cgu dek/ henkv go dr cr ]g kekv hje g; df gd hg ksd k , s s X _o uiv ]gj krjd 0lf ;l hg kd Ow> uiv df gj kxy e ''fksd lb he s s s s s X nkv Bksd dr ct jkv 4g kpl hgo g k[j kPp jiM ueg henkv kst kO> k , , , \ s w jkeg go df g rtks[ Xyhyn hd gjr cl eg 4g rkjgO rD;;k; l gjr cl T s T s q s s kdlm 4g Cgu rLk\[m g rjd bkGhIt l gjr cl kd henkv O> uiv eg T s T s s s sw s 4[sn X eg henkv kO> df kxL\i kukt sutks[ kagd jkv ]henkv kO> g; g k[k/ g; w s , w , s 4Mkt ksg jhoukn ]Mkt ksg ukok;n jkv Wd ukn li kn Gjr hjln j,kv Wd a a , a s , s w a db SiQ kXjktg e Gjr dS `g k;D je df jrhH krkt Cgu u[sn Bksd u s T , ss s s dfy 4g gj gkp ku[j kntV 4g gj kytf ksd xe[hH g gj Cgu kIef ksd xae s T s T s s a T s s [hH jdn li kn7ksn ukok;n g; jkv g Sg kni xe[hH Xeltf g Bkuc k;ufqn s s , s , T q , s a , s ultf g ukok;n g; 4g hjWt rgc ku[j kd kxe[hH Syf d k;n e k;ufqn , , q X a s X `sxkvkt ld {kse d k;n kucf jkv xksjd sl s s , s , s d k;n ksr Sgfkp kugj kxe[hH ]Sgfkp kugj chjx df g gj gd g; go 4g , a T s , rqHnv hLc go g gj n go yhyn kt Gky[f d nkotkel 94g krdl kt sld \ T s s s s , , Bksd ksd {kse kr kxksg Cgu kyko usy ukn Bksd jkv xSkt Ief chjx sl nkot s s , s a kel dfk;D 4g dek/v nkotkel Syflb 4kXg e k;ufn chjx yko uy ukn c X , X q s s t g krdl ksg hHr ksr ukn jkv ]Cgu {kse kucf d ukn df g kvg k[yf e k , , s , q X X _k'8 ]df g k[yf sukgm elm 4g hrn yks[ ksd xkP d henkv dek/ kt g , X X , s X s s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 37 egaP

uLi re e xkP d ukg dlgVv kr g dlgV jxv ]g krgd likv e jkv 4g \ X X s s s s T wa s T , wa Te kt hgo g kgj jd k;D e kxsLi ku[n jdkg dWxkt e ekd IkN d;i d s wa T \ s s X s s s z s uoht ]e k;f zxel hd uoht lm ]kxLi kukt ujd pkt lm kgd7kgd g; X s s \ s a s a a 4g Cgu rjL Bkd eg T s s ]g gj ktc hIhl kr eg 4Skt kv lkoof ekv df 4g kgj jd ''fkd hd T s s , s s ujd kni lLhGkd Gl jdktc hIhl e jL jkv 4kF kvg kjL Glf 4g Cgu < , X T , X , q Z , jkd Bkd jkv ]g kgj ktc e jL Glf hIhl jkv 4g kgj ktc hIhl sl h'[ l s , , X Z , wa q df k[n kgj Cgu jL e l j/v g kgj n k[sk/ kd uiv ji ygke jkl jdk s s T s s s a , s s s s , s tc hIhl go 4kvg krktc hIhl g kryduf henkv dS j,kv g hyx hj/v 4kxk q , , s a s g kgj n k[k/ kd uiv Cgu hH kd hldf g kgj n k[k/ 4kg jnkgc rgc slt s s s s s , s s s q q , g kryp lsS henkv kvg kjL henkv jkted skr g ryp 4g gj n [k/ Ia? , s q s T s T s s s s s lhckp eg g rn k[k/ eg e ;el lk[ hldf d unf df g hg LkF klS 4g k , T s s s X s , s s\ s , gj yp k[k/ <{ dS7dS <{ jg [n eg df hxkg hg hurb Glf chdjr hd s X s s Z s uukpgi ]hxkg chdjr hd uukpgi Bkd ]ukpgi eg ld g rNi l,d udfy s s s X s , T s w s s 4g rjd kok[nf g T s T rjd Idi eg ji uje go Ski jd Cgu kt Fkl d henkv kntV eg e Rpf s z s s s X jkeg g /kjiv g; Ixf g; ]g k;D g; 4k;x kg dhO cl jkv k;x je Bkd s , , s , s Cgu ei Bkd Cgu jnkv Bkd 4k;nf Cgu jkgo;nl u hldf kd henkv lm Xe zs s s s s kntV 4kF henkv kNv rgc g hrgd k;ufn hjkl lm 4Sgfkp kukt je kr k q , q s s s g kukg 0lf Nv e k;ufqn jxv 4g Cgu hg krkj Bkd ;kolf d uje kr kg s s X , s s s s s kugkp jkgo;nl e k;ufn jxv Skt je henkv Bkd `k;D g rjd jkgo;nl X q s X T s kLc eg Fkl d kxky Sg je 4g kgj yp jkgoZ;n Fkl d henkv kntV jkv \ s X s q s , q s , 4g kgj yp L[ki kjkl nkc d ukt je 4g nktb hd kxky ukeBc cl 4hxS , a s s , X s s kt kg Cgu rjWt hd nkjo 0kJ lm sxn jnkv e uoht kd ikc Ic unf ltf s s X X s s s 4g Cgu rjWt Bkd hd suk[nf xkP kd un jnkv nkc d uje kd , s X s s s s s lm ]k;nf jnkv e hxntV sueg ltf dfk;D 4kxkg k;nf Cgu jnkv Xe hxntV k X s X s s d ikc ukgb ]g gj jd ikrkpi g; g xky dkujr[ g; g hrnk; g Sdf s X T s T s , T 0kJ d ikc Sg je u kxky utf g kruke e 4cr ikc g; cr kF kntV jkv s q s s X s wa T , 4g krdl kg kd henkv pl g; g kld [An g; h[An ]lknm jd kPe jlf , s s , , q q q g kOc 4g krjd 0kJ jGf 4k;nf Cgu kdke kd h'[ kGn dS kdltf Syf d , , , , q s s ikc lm `kg gj kgc lkv Syf dldf 4g ng Bkd hH hd O> 4g krkgc qlkv s s q a s , s w , a jd Oc rDo rje jkv Cgu ei ]Cgu jnkv ]krn Cgu ukel ]g krsn Id ]g , s , zs s , , krn Ghydr kd ikc jH hxntV kIc dS 4g jkv Nd jgkc g jkv Nd jrhH s s s , , q , , q 4g Sx kg L[ jd kv Skrc Ffrf kucf 4lm g rgd Ffrfv Syfhlb 4ye T s s \ s T s X f e j? go df g nhem ed rgc sxX>el yko j? kr k;nf krc dfk;D 4g g X , q s s X T s j kv cd g gj kv kd [hjkr ldf df ku Skrc 4Skt kg jtfkg ji j? Snf T s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 47 egaP

c hjkl hd hjkl go jdkt sukXgm jkv 4xaSkyp Cgu dnc ji kX;BkH uiv eg a , s wa s g rjd jkdub l sukyp dnc eg hd k;nf gd ulm hF Bx htH u;yfkIc k T s s wa s s s t go 4Sgfkp hukt hn rehd ksd kuI? lm ]kago hI? kuI? rHnv go udfy q s 4Bx htH u;yfkIc hdum hd k[lf ]hd k[jksx Syf d ukcn ksd okx ukey s X X s s a le lm 4sxn dkTH jwN e hrkN j,kv l gto hd ukeyle jk,v ngV jkv hg x q X s X s q w , s a Skcn kr lo kr 4ktH kd kukeyle kr Skt skg kxn e okx ksd kvngV jxv s s , s s s s X q s a a X a X w 4hxn dk> ksd Xkxn jkv l gto hd uksg ngV ]hg hxSkcn kr hIyef 4Syf d u s T a , s s w s s s s kcn kago ktH hIyef hd kvngV ksr kg kxn jkv ksg okax kd kukeyle jxv d s s s X w s a , X q f hF rfhu g; hd ktzsxv jkv 4k;x ksg kxan e okx d kukeyle ]e okax dS X a , X a s X q X d ckti df hF g; kuI? go 4hI? kuI? rqHnv dS ]chjd d lhr ,kl lhUm s a s 4g hrksg Xr T ji hjgksn hg jrhH dum g rgd xky Nv rgc eg kdutf n Lks\N eg ksr k s T s s s q s X s d kxky <jk/kl jkv 4g gj jd rkc hd klgV h/hl cr Bx kv rdkr e Fkg X s , T s X X ct cv jkv l eku d klgVv F gj kiNf kd hjksted 4kF k[ks/ jlkjl go , s s s s s 4rhprkc hd klgVv cl go hF cr F rdl jd Cgu klgV jkv sF s s , jksted ]F ekyqx eg ct kr xk;im kd klgVv go g akgd hg ykol Cgu 4S s s s , gfkp kujd xk;im kd klgVv cv df kgd Cgu u henkv dS ksr kvg kyeg k s s q d uhp ]kvg kyeg kd ukrdfki 4g Cgu dlgVv hH kjt tkel kd ukrngV q , q jkv ]l k"o kLdl g hgj yp rkc hd klgVv u kdlgVv 4g xkXP kd klgVv , s X \ , T X s X , l jiM g klgV jrhH 4g dkujr[ g ydfe rgc kujd klksjH ji henkv d s , , , q q lgVv 4g ksr kpl go ed l ed 4g krdl kt k;df klksjH ji henkv dlgV , s , 4F dlgV go g dlgVv g; 4kykL jke e k"o lhc ukXgb kurtf s T X s kjke Cgu e k"o k,l kn u ktzsxv kurb kjke ksd kxky ukgb urtf jdy l u X s s X a s s s X s s s s uke l IkN ]hd ukXgb k;g hd kxky surtf ]bkyp ukgb hykx hurtf ]g d s ss s X s s X s , ut;pkv 4hd u kXdlgVv d ykl lhc hurtf hF hd Cgu klgV hurb Xe heky Z s s q x hd ykl k,l kn u ktzsxv ji ukv kRl udfy ]kIhi xkP rgc kd klgVv u s s X a s s X q s cl um g kRl tkv e Fkg dutf e ukrngV 4hrdl Cgu kel Bksd g dlgV , X s X q , v henkv Bksd jk,v 4g hgj ksg kZpp l kXykl jktg urdf hd klgVv e ukrqng , s s X V 4g krgd hg henkv dlgV g; ]kxgd Cgu 9kZe/ kseji dlgVv8 henkv dlg , s Vv 4sxkg Oc henkv dlgV lkilkv sphu df kuy >el [nf hrr g; hH kgt X s, s s a 49kZe/ keji klgVv8 g krsy kxy hrr cr jkv 4g krjd ukx<x kd s , , , q klgVv jk,v g krgj kuc dlgV go g kry kiNf e xkP d klgVv ksd klgV h , , s X X s enkv kst udfy 4g krLi hg kuync lm hrdl kt hd Cgu rkZnc klgV 4krd s , \ s l jd Cgu rknc ksd klgV huiv go g kry ukt ksd klgV huiv henkv kt ] Z , s s kuukt ksd klgV huiv ksr g dlgV jxv 4xdl ksg Cgu hHd dlgVv kF;v ]k T s X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 57 egaP

kr e jH okx 94kxMkt je e kF;v 4g kujd gkoof l hdLy hd j? lb > X a a T , s \ s qe ]g krjd gxk;l ]g krjd u'uv e8 ]df kgd jkv k;nf kxy jrcf jd wa z wa T , kt uekl d j? dS u do; dS e okax dS g kul ue 4hul dkte dS uTe s s s q X , q s T q s 4kxLi Cgu Bk[nf lm jkv 4hxSkv e ekd d uk s \ s , X s s cn unx ksd jln hH klgfv hdlm kr Skt ksg dlgVv henkv dlgV jxv 4kr Z s w a s dl jd Cgu hH okpc go k;x ksg jksted ydycf henkv kjln e hde/ hd q w X ujke ksd suiv 4kF krdl jd hH okpc henkv kjln kr e hde/ hd ujke s w s X s ksd henkv jln 4g hgj kt hn hde/ hd ujke hg ksd uiv Cgu hde/ hd ujk s w , s s s e ksd henkv jln elm dfk;D 4g el jk,v dkujr[ knk; l klgV hyko hy s w X X , w s gi g; jkv 4g klgV hH g; 4g gzxk;l g; g klgVv g; 4g dlgVv g; df , , , , , xgd eg ksr 4kxy jke kjqN e kr Cgu Cgu df g ruke rkc hje df gd jkv s X wa T s T s s wa , Mkt ksg kL[ jdy kjqN ji hrkN huiv suekl dikv e jkv 4g klgV g; d a \ s s T , , f sxgd eg ksr 4kxn jke kjqN e kF;v Shuke rkc hje df gd jk,v aMkt ksg X wa T s wa kL[ jdykjN ji hrkN hdikv e g rdl ksg d gjr rgc xP d uLdi uZnx \ s q T T s s q a s s \ 4kxy Ldi unx hH hdum go 4kxjd ''fksd hd ukuc dlgV s \ Z s s v hrnjct hH kd kXjln go 4g hrkt hd ''fksd hd uikF ksd klgV df slt s w , s s , kxjd ''fksd hd suiksF gjr lb hH ksd klgVv go kr ]Skt ksg dlgVv henkv s s dlgV dS jxv jkv 4g kFo; dS hd klgVv jiM ]jiM jk,v 4g hiNf rj , , T X i hd klgV kXg rukt ku gkp rukt eg gkp e jgx rgc jrhH df g krksg g s s s s X s q , ; Fv kdlb `g krksg k;D Fv kdlb `kvg cyre k;D kdlb 4g kukcn ksd Z , Z q , ukrngV l snd d dnc ksr Skt kv e Fkg jkeg rdkr ct nkc d uy Ly q s wa s w a X s s s s \ jkv 4g kuL\y l klgVv l ktzsxv df g g; cyre kdlb ]g rkc hd te hLc , , s s X a , , s \ 94sxjd redg ji yc d kXrkc udf eg ksr ~ X w q s ~ ~ ~ d ulk'uv hd ekd d gjr lb klgVv ukXgb jxv 4g hujd rewdg k s q s s , q s deg lksjH d kdufl Cgb yd ]hxSkv hnktkv yd e Fkg d kXdufl Cgb d s s X , X s , fkX;D 4krdl jd Cgu <iel hd kruhgulk'uv hd gjr lb e8 ]kgd u hth/ Z q T s kax `g kri ksdikv kgd k;D u hth/kax ksr 94hd knuV uikv hdlm ]g k;df r , s s , Ffim <jgknm dS kd klgVv u Xkdufl uikv jkv ]g dlgVv ksr ikv g Sx s , s , T T ksg ukjg eg8 ]df kNi lum u kXjkd_i e lka ksr 4F gj kt ikj; ht h/kx , w s s X s s s w a 4hd knuV jk,v k;df /ksjof kdlb u ht h s /kax udfy 4Bkyp Cgu hyksx ji k;BkH uiv ukXgtf jkv ]k;df jkdub sl uj s X s s , s d klgV ukgtf go g dufl jnkgc rH.nv df Sgfkp hujd Ghjkr kd ht h/ s X T , w q s kax df kxSkv e yk;[ jkeg 4kF <jgknm rqHnv kd klgVv ksr g; 4hd knuV X s . hdlb u ht h/kx udfsy 4sxjd Ghjkr hdlb ht h/kax df kpkl u k;ufqn sjkl s a X s s 4rdl kyp Cgu hyksx ji k;BkH eg df ku g jk;,r ksd uje n[ eg s X , s q sxSkyp Cgu dnc eg df Cy koxy k;Lf\dFg jk,v hn jd riel Xe ukF Xdwn a wa a s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 67 egaP

4g krkt ksg Wq' kuPc go g H' kst jkv g krkt kg W' kujx , \ , q , , s q f go g kgj kg kst hg rukpgi ksd hylv dfk;D g ekd rHnv rgc hg kuy , s s X , q q s ukpgi kd hylv df gj uk; jkv 4g hydu eg kagd g hylv eg kagd Xdl s s , T T ukpgi eg dfkr 4g hjWt hujd tks[ jk,v <{hjuf hg huiv ksd rDf; dS , 7dS hdlb jrhH 4Cgu '[ Bksd udfsy g 'q[ cl 4g dhO cl df kgd u he q , , s nkv l hIyfefkG 4g jkpim cl g gj gd Syflb g krLi kugd df kxgd g s Z T T s , \ s o kr `g gj gd pl k;D df kNi udfsy g LcLx jrhH henkv cl ]Cgu dh s T s s w T \ \ O ydycf henkv Bksd jkv 4g dhO ydycf kxgd go kNi l henkv hH hldf q , , q s s w s 4g dhO ydycf eg jiM ]Cgu hg o T q k? Bksd df g gjr lb eg jiM jkv 4g [j kiNf ok/ cl d ue ueg jkv , , T s s s , 4g krdl uc hH jld 4g krkt uc jlku ]g krkt kyp krPc dr rv 4,g Cg , T , w , \ a u krIef go Skt k;yf kiNf ksd ok? ltf 4ku SkiNf ]n ku k[k/ 4ukpgi u a X s X X kt lm eg kr g hg jc udfsy 4g jc df Cgu Gf Bkd ]g hH lt 4g krkj s s T sw T sw s T s , , dS hg kd uync ksd jc 4g kuukt ksd jc kXg jwc hg urdf gkp Skt xy Xe s s sq , sw s s s a s uukt lm g lt eg df g g; go jkv g ekd dS ksr g Cgu jxv ]g hg sl s T s , , , , T T o eg hH jrhH g lt eg 4g Cgu ksr okHn Nhi d okHn jkeg 4g kOc Cgu , , s , , Z q s s s , , ksr Ow> sNhi d ;l jkeg 4g Cgu kr k<? ei kjkeg 4g Cgu ksr klgV klgVv s s , s 1 zs , hjkeg df g rdl [n eg 4g uklkv rgc kukt e uhctks[ huiv g ydfqe T s s , q X , rgc kukt e uhctks[ d jln udfy 4g klgV Nhi d ukcn ksd henkv sjlwn q X s s w s , s s s 4g ntk,e klgV jrhH ]ksg dlgVv xP kd sukcn unx gkp 4g gj kcn unx hd , w a Z s T s Z s w jln dr ct ikv udfsy 4g hrdl kt Bkcn hH gjr lb unx hd sjln dS , Z w 4k;x xkH jdsy jrcf hg e rkj kdLy go ]k;nf jd u'uv jdkv u X \ s k;Pf\c lm 94kxMkt je e sxksjd Cgu gkoof l>e dr ct hxksn jd u'uv q a T s q uekl d dL\y eg ct jkv ]ksvkt kv jdsy jrcf ksd rkj8 ]df kgd sllm j s s s , k,v k;x lki d k;,o hPc dS go 94sxn jd ektrb ksd ek' 2re ksvkjc?8 ] s w\ X a df kgd sulm 94kvkrc krkj Nd8 ]df kNi jdkt l hgxk;l 0o ukji dS s q w s z 1 s q u ikc ksr 4g e {i d gxk;l redky `jd k;D df k;kjc/ ikc 4hxy uskg s , X s z s s s jkd;t7;t jkv 4Sx yef xky syko sun uFel ksd gxk;l e jH okax jkv , s s Z z X , 4Skt kg htkj go dfkr 4g kgj jd 0f'ekv hd s wa q ikc d hdLy jkv g kgj jd 0fq'ekv huiv e 4g kgj jd ''fksd hd uZr s \ , wa T wa ojfi ;n e 4g kgj jd gzxk;l e ]kxMkt je djd u'uv e df g kgj T wa T a s T , gd go udfy 4rn jd ektrb e lyfi ksr krn hde/ l jN kdLy go jxv s s s a X q s s sq \ 4Sx kjc? xky d j? 4g ''fksd hd urojfi ;n g; 4g kgj jd ''fksd h s s , Z , d ujd urojfi ;n kd jln 4g kgj gd Syf d uje n[ kjkpc ksr go 94 s Z s w , s s q s g krksg kNv kr gxk;l8 ]df kgd sucl 4g kgj jd gxk;l go df Bg Ghj , s z , z q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 77 egaP

rojfi kd gjr lb 4ksg k;x kg IksGof l,t dS 4tup uLl dS g krdl kt Z s s s , Cgu kgj <{ dS Fkl dum df g thp dkujr[ hurb go 4g hrkt xy xk s T X , a yN Wd k;D df krkt Cgu suNi Bkd ksr g kr[nf jgt kgo 4g hrkg W' huL a w s , a , s q i Bk[nf xkv jkv ikal kago g hrksg Wq' huLi Bk[nf r;hylv hd hxntV ct \ , , \ 4g krkt skg , jgkc jdkxy xkyN henkv ]g hrkt gj hLi e j? Cgo krho7krhx 4Sgfkp k a , \ X ujd k;D kr g hxy xkv e j? df g r[n jd yks[ krhx ikv jGf Skt xy s , X T s s xkv e j? 4g krkxy xkyN henkv hd uNi l hldf ku Gf hd Qx ku jG X , a s w s q f k[nf ji rkj ikal `Sgfkp kujd k;D ksr Skt kv ji rkj ikal df Mkxy s s a kri lki d Qx hldf Mkt df g rNi ikv jGf `Wd k;D e cv df g rNwi s q a T s w a T T s s l hldf ikv jGf 4ji rkj g k;x kv ikal dS jkv g gj kt ikv ji rkj s , , T s s `jd k;D eg X df kxSkt kg W' kuLi Bk[nf go g kujd kt hg l u[n jkv 4g hjWt ku s q \ , s s s s , , y [n ygi 4jd k;D eg df jd re hnt y [n ygi df g krgd Te `jd s s s X X X s s wa X k;D eg jGf kr Skt Li Bk[nf ct df sxgd ikv jkv 4g jrhH je g; 4g s a \ X , , ss wa henkv klS e df y ukpgi e Bkpl hjwi lm 4ukpgi lm ]ukt klo g klt s T wa X s wa s wa , wa , T wa , T e 4g kld e df ukt e df g Fv kd jkdrk{kl ekv 4Cgu ;kim kd jkd wa T , Z rk{kl ekv g krPe g; 4g c e ]g c e ]g c e df Skypf henkv , q\ wa z T wa z T wa z T dS jdOc df g Cgu g; cyre kd jkdrk{kl ekv 4n u[n ld ksd sjlwn , , X s s s , eg ksr l u[n kd uiv g rjL hg n[ eg 4krki kg Cgu hH ei Bkd Syflb s s s s s T s q s zs s 4g rkt yp rn hg k[ks/ eg hH slm T s s s s 4rn u[n Cgu klgf kd jrhH uiv hH kdlm g rjd ei ltf eg 4kxSkt s s s s s s T s zs s sy ld ksd jln kago k;x Cgu hg n[ kgt 4g krdl kt y ksd jkv hldf ku s , s w q a , s , g krkt n[ go ku jrhH d j? jk,v 4g kgj yp rxko cl ji k;Pfhl Cgo , q s , X \ jk,v 4kdikv g rxko SBkv g kNv cl kg; ]g Cgu kj/v Bksd kg; ]Tg Cg , , a , s a a u Lks\de7Lhd Bksd kg; 4g h[j kxy k;rfr hL\c7hLc ulm uekl d j? jkv s s \ a T a \ s s s , 4g kgj kt kyp krPc cl g; jrhH jk,v ]krkt Cgu hg jrhH d j? jkv 4 , \ s , lc Sg dI Ohi jgkc ]jdkxy kykr e j? g kOc dyfke udfy 4kxn kIg go q s s X , , s s 4kxLi kukIg kd kLks\de7Lhd 4g krd s \ s X s \ , l kt kgj ld Fkl d kLks\de7sLhd ub ]g db Lkde7Lhd e j? je df kx[ s , s X \ T s s s\ s \ X ss s s n go hg l,t dfk;D 4kxSkt ksg W' dG hg l ukt dlm jk,v 4Skt Glf Skt s X q Z s s s Z jrhH d ukde lm dyfke jGf 4g hryG /xn ]g hrskg hdb hxnx e js/v s , , w , a X s a ]g rksg db Ncf ikl g rksg db Lks\de sLhd ]krksg kdb IdjdkLd kago T s s w a T s s s \ w\ s kr ]ksg ku hg krkt dyfke jrhH Bkd kXg nc tkojn ksg kjs/v e j? sd hld s a s a X f lt 4g krkt kyp krPc Hq'v krgfkyrHq' e ukKv kr ku hg ukt udfy 4 s , , \ X s s s g krkt gj "' go g Hq' kt jk,v g krkt yt kjc elm g ufv kst hd ukK , s , s , q X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 87 egaP

kj[ k;ufn hjkl df g krkg '[ rgc go 4Bx xkH Fkl d henkv kyG rjkv q , s q q s a , kyG gxt kyG ]Bx kg hjkp gxt kyG ]Bx kg k;g gxt kyG g kr[sn Xe a a s s a s a , lm jkv g krPi jkc[v l gcl henkv g hydu hHl df g hryef rfr dS , , \ s q T , 1 4Sg hydu hH eg jxkv g k;D tg kr g hydu cl g; 4g k q , Z s T , rkg Rpf kd ukg uli jd[sn henkv hydu e henkv jln rkc hjlhr 4SBkx s s s a z X s w y e ekd uiv kdlm 4g iv rgc ;el ]g refhl rgc ;el ]g dkujr[ X s , q , q , kuk[ ;el e suukpgi kd henkv jln ]rkc hjln ]Cgu rjWt rkc kr hygi s X s s w w s hd uukpgi e henkv jln 4ukpgi ld e henkv jln df g rgd eg udfy s X s w X s , X s w T s s 4kxsyp Cgu hH kri kdlb 4k;x kv henkv hylv jkv 4k;x kyp jdLkN j? , s\ cd go kxSkt kg knof henkv hydu go 4[sn kdlm g henkv hydu kt go s X s , s 4kr dIf Cgu H'v uekl d ukK lS 4krdIf Cgu kj/av uekl d Shn lt 4Cgu q s s s s s s s s , hg krdIf uekl d ukK go g Hq'v kt 4kxSkt kg uhyof /k jkv ku>el ] s s , s s s , ku[n kd /k ]kuukpgi ]kuukt kd /k hg ku 4kxxy ukg kdb /k jrhH s s s s s s s s s s dlm kxLkN kt ]re hg kuLkN kd /k 4kxSkt Li Xe jr[ go kxsLkN kt ] s s\ s s\ s s \ s s\ s re hg kuLkN kd k<? 4g krkt kg dlgVv go g kry ukpgi kd klgV kt 4k s\ s 1 , s , s s s uukpgi kd klgV ]re hg kutk[ kd klgVv 4g krkt kg rk' go g kry tk[ s s s , s a , s s s s kt kd rfk'v 4kutk[ kd rfk'v 4re hg kutk[ kd rfk' df g krgd e S a s s a s s a wa T yflb 4g oHlv g; g kukg hH rk' jkv 4g kuync Cgu hH <jkd d rfk'v , a , s a , , s a 94Skt kg rk' Rpf df kd ukoxH Skt yef nkli Skt kg ki g krN s a z s wa i l Qx hldf jGf 4krgkp Cgu hH ku[sn kdum g <jkd skt d rfk'v 4krgk w s q s T s a p Cgu hH kuync kdlm 4g hd kni ld sue df g krukt e 4g hd kni sld s , , s , T wa T , , , rfk' ue df ukt e kr 4g hd kni sue ~ ~ ~ ]g hd kni uer rfk'v dfXk;D a s T w T s , , T , , s q a 4hxSkt kg W' hukg kni rfk' 4k>el kd xP lm g hd kni rfk'v sl xP l s q s , a s s a , , a a tf 4g Sg yduf Syf d uki l kjln rfk' jkv 4g rskg eyke dkykp jkv k T q s s s s X w a , T s w , a ;Bkd Lc ]hy jd kni hg n[ rfk'v 4F Skv lki je ]F Sx 'd"f+ ]F S s \ , q a s s s s s s x eJkv noVjv 94F Sx eJkv ldf Syf d uy rfk'v8 ]kNi lum uTe 94Xn s s s s a w s s rfk' >e djd ki ]g kgj dIH l ugfe AN k;x kv lki dikv k;yf eku a s q s wa s s s kdikv u hldf ]hyef Cgu rfk' hH kgo k;x 'd"f+ ]hH kgo hyef Cgu r s a a s a fak' k;x eJkv noVjv hJ e8 ]df xy ugd l>e j,kv Skv lki je _ef dS T s s s q s s 4g rNi l kjln `jd k;D kr g hukIef rfk'v `Xjd T s w s X w X s , a k;D kr g kukIg /k `jd k;D kr g kuky klgVv g rNi l kxky eg jkv s , s X s , T s w s X s , 4g rht e T s X ukKv jkv g rpc hg l ukK eg udfsy 4g rfk hg hd ukK lc 4u'ejkGl , T s s , a s s akI tb tyfku 4Cgu rfk Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d ukK 4g hrkv l uukt dikv , a s , s , s s s 4hrkv Cgu l suync dikv go g hrkv rfk kt e uoht 4g krkt kg W' u s s , a s X , s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 97 egaP

94krksg ukeiv rgc kjkeg elb q X ]Sgfkp kukv Cgu Sdf jc[ kucf e j? jkeg g chjx eg 4ksg rdl kt jc[ X s , s kucf e j? d jhev 4Sgfkp hujd jc[ ygi Sgfkp kukv jd[j yk;[ kd X s s henkv chjx skr ksvkv hHd kjkcn cv 4kxSkt yp ekd l SiQ ln ][j Si q s s Q ln Glf ksr kuke Cgu 4Snf kIky liko lm ue 4kF krjd IH SiQ kl hen Z , s s T X , kv dS hg gcl Bx kg hryx hLc 4r[j djd ektrb Nd kr Cgu g kLik> q s \ s s a q s , \, kd jhdG ksr g; hF hujd jc[ ygi ksr kF kukv jxv jkv 4Cgu hg g Nd s , , q ksr e Li,k> ]g ydfe kLc udfsy ]l yk;[ d ujd hjkp8 ]kgd su q/kl lm X s \ , q \ s s s 4g k;kv l yk;[ d ujd hjksp e ]k;kv Cgu l ekd hldf e n ukt >e wa s s s T s T X s s q ]jd ke{8 ]kgd su jksp lm kr 4g krkt ksg ydfe rgc hH kuykc O> uekl X s , q q s w s sd henkv spl urb udfy 4k;x kjc? ksr jksp go 94skyksc g krdl jd kosl s s wa k;D e 4Bx Li rjWt k;D Skv ld g jn okax 4krkv Cgu ksr hH Bksd rkj h T \ s , , w urb ]sxksg Skv hg l ekd hjWt Bkd8 ]kNi u q/kl ksr 4k;x Oc e Igkjc? h s s w s , X enkv go 94Skv rkj hLc ]Skv ld skvkt Oc kvkv 4hxLi ku rjWt Bksd jr \ s , , s s \ hH kjN ksy [j8 ]kgd ulm 4kxy sulg l jkt jk,v 4kF kOc kFguf /kl go q s a s s , q 4g krdl kt k;kOm kjN Gky[f d jN dfXk;D 4Cg , q s sq u rjWt hd ukjc? rgc llm g kjqN e Fkg dltf 4kF kjN Bksd e Fkg d s q s , X s q X s /kl df Cgu Syflb ]k;x kjc? kurb jksp 94ksvkt kv jnv kvkv 4hxLi ku q a s s \ rjWt Bksd kg; 4ks[j jrhH ksd jqN8 ]kgd u /kl 4k;yf ykduf kjN ulm a s s q q s 4k;x kjc? jksp ]BkOm [kv su /kl ]kxksg k;x kl /kl k>el u jkp 4k;x y X a q s q s s [ kF kdIv ktkojn 4~ ~ ~jksp Bksd ]k;nf kdD/ jdkv ji tkojn su hldf 4g q s , kgj [yf _i dS kvg kOc e jed uiv rkj h/kv rkj dS 4/kl dS ]kF q , X s s q jhdG dS e ukikt g kul sue 4Wd rkc hd ui jln jGf rkc hl7hIskN dS X , q T a z s w 4Cgu Gjr hd jlwn g kr[n Gjr huiv go 4g kuync kd s , s , s suiv ksd henkv ltf jk,v 4Syf d supc llm g lt eg ]g r[n eg Gjr s s T s , T s s hd jln g hlsS hg k;ufn `g k;D hH rjWt hd uync jGf 4g hg klt cl s w , q , s wa , ksr hH e j[fkv g hH e jGf 4g k;D Ztg ksr g h/kjiv hHl ct g krgkp T wa T , , , kujd ed ksd >ksc d /kjiv suiv go dfk;D `k;D ]g h/kjiv henkv jg d s X X , f g krgkp kuukt go g kgj jd k{rfi l krjrkv hd uPi jkc[v henkv kj , , z s q s \ q c 4Cgu kxdcf ]krdl ikN Cgu g jcte e uikN jc[ hNv jkc[v Syflb s , w X s 4g kgj ksg kjc e k;ufn hjkl ]ksjd kjc jH unf cv df dl ksg r1r , q X q q s go dfk;D 4g kagd jii tw; g kuPi jc[ go 4jdhi ;kp g kvg kOc jd x X T s , \ , q , t jrhH d j? kd uPi jc[ hjc henkv kjc dfk;D 4g hrLi huPx hH hO> s s s \ X w w X T \ \ w ]g hrLi hukuc kr yef ku g hrLi huikN jc[ hjc ksd jkc[v `kxsnhj[ uk T \ s s T \ X w , d dfk;D 4Cgu hg kxdcf jkc[v ksr ikN jc[ hNv hNv jkc[v Bksd jxv X s s X 4hg g klsS ]Cgu kZtg lk[ Bksd e suksg ckj[ uiv g krpksl go `k;D ]g c , X s , X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 08 egaP

s ujd hjksp ksr krksg jksp g; jxv ]g Cgu jksp g; 4g rgd jksp ikv ksdlb j , T s , , kv g kukIky liko >e go ]kF k;yf jk/m sue llb k;iQ dS 4Bx ksg e[ , s q T s rkc go kF k;nf n nko;/ ulb e ync d IH 4F Sdf IH lb ue SiQ ln s s X s s X s X s s T ]SiQ k,u8 ]kgd su /kl lm 94g kyeke kld g; k;iQ kd kagd8 ]kgd u tt q , , s 94aSkIky ld k;iQ df g Sg Li e rchle eg kuiv ykHl k;iQ g; 4k;x , s , T q s \ X q a yef r df g ki hd ryknv ksr g; kyef Cgu df kyef jGf 4y k;iQ g;8 w , s 94Cgu kri Bk s d kdlb 4g kgj e? jd[j e lh[ l ykl kn ]g kun jk/m >e kdlb k;iQ wa w X s s s , s s q dS 4g rqHnv rgc henkv g; xyv hg rkc hd hjksp 2hjksp8 k[n l jkx u , q s s , s q /kl lm 94g hd hjksp hHd ulb8 ]kNwi su tt ]k;x /kl 4g kgj id kvg kj , s q , q L jksp Bx ksg hg 0lf hjksp jGf 4g F; <kei cl jGf ksr kF k;kv ujd hj T Z z s ksp kag; g; kg df n gd go jxv df kF ;e kurb kd n' dlm hurb hd a s w s /kl dfk;D kF kvg kjL jkp `9hF hd hjksp kag; jkgr hHd ulb k;D8 df q X q s s q s Syf d uNi k;x k;kyc ksd /kl lm skr ]ksd ryknv k;x yp kri hH kd hj s s w q q ksp g; 4F jiM dlm et hH d k;jfksp jk,v k;x kLdi jksp go nkc ykl kn s s Z q s X \ s 4k;x xkH jkv k;kdIv hH ktkojn ]k;nf hH nko;/ e Ig , X kjc/ u jksp 4[hl kun nko;/ 4g yxki kdIv ktkojn ]kxLi ekd Nhi nko s s , s \ s ;/8 ]kgd u /kl lm 4kxSkt yp ksr ksg sugi d gjr jkv Lid ksg jksp kd s q s , s \ xP hg uiv kag udfy 4hrdl kt hd Cgu kti ]g hrdl kt hd k;g hd q/ a s s w , kl g ydfe rgc kti hd /kl 4hrdl yp Cgu kti g; kF;v 4g /acl dj , q q w q w T a frkv Bksd phc d kuksn um df kusy >el kr g rti kd kv/kl utf jksp kr a s X s T s w s X q s 4kxSkt ksg jgkc d >el dlm 4kxSkt ksg LcLx rgc kr /kl g krdl ukp s s \ \ q s q , gi hg ksd jksp jksp 4Cgu cyre kd uukpgi ksr Cgu kxkg jksp hH /kl df ku s s q s y >el g rukpgi hH skd /kl jksp kst jkv ]g rki ukpgi hg ksd jksp jksp T s q , T s 4g krkt ksg jgkc d >el cl kr Skt yef /kl ksd jksp 4g krksg jrhH d > , s s q , s el cl kr Skt yef jksp ksd jksp 4k;x ksg jgkc d >el cl ksr hd jkp lm s s s 4g krdl Li ekd hH e nkc nko;/ 4sxSkt ksg e[ yd ksr SiQ ]kvkt sn , \ X a s ksr nko;/ ed l ed jkv 4ksn kdIv ksr ktkojn ed l ed 2ksjgO8 ]kgd s , s s u jhdG lm ksr kxy uxkH l stkojn 4k;nf [j phu k;iQ dS l hnt ulm s s s s s 94>e hxLi rjWt hg l gcl dfkX;D kxwan kI s q s \ s q ,ky e nkc ]kvkt n jk/m s>e k;iQ dS kr ksg ku k/oflv jk,v ksdl jd ki X s s q s q 8 ]df kgd su jhdG lm kr kxy ukt ]Syf kOm SiQ g Cgu 'ksg Nd slm Xe s s , q Igkjc? u jksp lm 94SiQ ln Glf jk,v Skv er rkj hurb df g krksg ksd s Z q , ue [An kLc udfsy ky kOm SiQ ln Sg [j e ykv lm8 ]kgd u jhdG lm q \ s q s X s s 4jd ku k;D jd k;D df Bx yG lkl ksr hdlm k;x kjc? rgc ksr jksp go s s w a q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 18 egaP

4g , Bx kg ]hxSkt kg W' tks[ hd jrhH hd epfi 4g Cgu rfka' hH jGf udfy s s q , s 4g k;x yef kF krdl yef kst jgkc 4g k;yf tks[ jgkc ]tks[ kagd cv ]S , , X a kt kagd cv ]jd k;D cv udfsy 4kF krdl yef kt g k;x yef cl ]g Sx X s , T yef ukde ]g k;x yef u/ 4kxSkt kg F; Fkni l kgt g k;x pgi gxt , s Z Z s a , qa lm epfi 4g Z<i;kHkl rfka'v go udfy ]g rfk'v dS e epfi Syflb , w , s , a X 4rdl skg Cgu hH Nd d hnkodrfkH ;kolf go g hnkoek;v FksF Iiuf kt s q s , T s s udfy 4g rdl ksg defk;kv go g hnkodrfk,H g Iyf;jfIfe kst df g rkc s T s , T , rHnv rgc g; 4g hrkt kg Wq' Syf d kekeji kuekd hdlm kr g krksg q q , s s s , rka'v jhev jkv 4g hrksg Syf d Fkni kuekd hdlm kr g krksg rk'v chjx , , s Z s , a 4g krn jd W' kupksl jkv kutks[ Xe / , s q , a a s cl d kekeji e rfk'v huiv jhev jk,v ]krdl pkl Cgu hH Nd ;kolf X a s q s d htksj7hIksj e rfk'v huiv chjx dfk;D `Xk;D g dofkHo rgc rfk'v hd X a X , q a djrfv jkv g rfk'v hd lyw;S hd djrfv ]Cgu hd okHv rfk'v hd jhe s , T a T s a v 4g dkujr[ rgc rfak'v hd okHv jkv ]g rfk'v hd okHv rfk'v hd c , q , , a a hjx 4g dG hnk;ufc e rfka'v hd jhev e rfk'v hd chjx ]g krgkp kugd , Z q X X a wa likv e udfy `g gto k;D jGf kr g rka'v hH eg g dhO jGf kr 4g r s T s , s T , s T ak'v hH go kNv 4g krjd oHquv rfr hLc jdul rkc hd gjr lb rjkH , 1 \ q X 94g rfk'v hLc hH kago 4Tg Cg , a \ u rk' xky hH kago g eyfy;jfhIe e epfi8 ]df g kNi u _ef sjln dS a s , X , w s w 4g hydu k;D jkv g hylv k;D e n[ tk[ ]ukt 4g hydu k;D jkv g hy , , , X q X s X , , , lv k;D df Xukpgi ld e jln eg df XNi re Syflb 4g dkujr[ rgc ku s , X s w w , q jd gjr lb rr ksd suiv 4g gj jd rr ksd uiv eg jd[n Gjr hd jlwn 1 T s 1 s s s 4Skt yef rgkj ksd jksp d jrhH jkeg dfkr xgkp ku[n hg jksp Xe s s s X s lb ksr eg `k;D 4Skt ksg ydfe kuLi Bk[nf eg kt ]g kgj ki [sn Nd jk X q \ X s , q , v g; hH e jksp lb 4g kgj ki [n Cgu ksd jksp hH e jksp lb henkv g; 4k X , s X xSkt ksg ydfe rgc ku>el ksd henkv lsS udfy 94g jksp tkel go ]k;ku q q s s , c uhguhn kurb lb u tkel ltf jkv 4g ;k; d k;n g; `g krdl ksg sld s s , , s s , , jkp g; ]g jfn rgc g; ]g uhguhn rgc g; 4kF k;x kago jdLkN okx yh s , q , q s\ a e ksn g Cgu hH Nd e j? ltf ]g; g yxki8 ]kgd ulm 94k;x Cgu ujd hj , q X , s s ksp g; j? dikv ]g rgd ikv k/kl7k/hl8 ]kgd ulm ]k;kjc? rgc kr tt s T s s q s 94g k/kl7k/hl rgc henkv g; 4ulb hrksg hy jH k;j , q s a fktrf ]rksg Syf jd L[ yge dr cv hrksg rjWt k;D hd hjksp skdlb ]jksp s s s \ g; 4g Cgu hg rjWt Bksd hd hjksp ksd jksp 4g Sg Oc go jdkuc yge sLc , T q s, \ 7Lc e huk/tkj ]Cgu rjWt hd ujd hjksp ksd kXjkp 4hrLi ku hg rjWt hd s \ X s s \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 28 egaP

4g gj pC[ lm g L[ j? kd henkv dS _ef rkl pki 4skvkuc ukF ksjs? T s s , s \ ss s a gxt g kd uIN hLkx ]ksvkP\p ukekl kvkt jnv hnt df g kgj kypf hg; , s s w \ s a , henkv jg jkv 4e kXcLf g gj Pp xky jkl g hL[ uI Syf d ukt jk}jfg , X T s \ s s , \ s s s ji u'I dS ]F gj gd go 4F gj kul s>e hukgd dS _ef dS g kuql uTe s s s s s q q , s 4eg ,g rjW X t k;D jGf ksr 4Skt kg ld rk' hd suNi kg rkv cji ksr hH er g rfk'v a s s , a w s s w q , a cl ksr hH kg; jkgr ]ksg rk'v hH er `g rdDnf k;D jGf g rk'v hH e a s q a q , T a g df ksd ue g hryef rgkj hLc 94ksg rka'v hH er ]g kn;kG k;D ksg gj k , \ q , s t ji nkp ]g Idkj ]g tkgtBkog lki jkgr ]ksg rk'v ksr hH er kr 2sjv8 a T s s T s q a q s ]g krgd g; go 4g krtk[ u'ykld jkv k;rfr hLc tkel chjx udfy ] , , s s s a , a 1 \ s Cgu e tkel chjx 4g ry[f yG d e/ ksr tkel g krksg 0el ct 4,g hjt X T s w s Z , 1 y hj[kv hd 0fel g kt e/ e cklgf je 4g krksg kni l uoht 01el e/ 1 , s Z X ss , , s Z 4yef ld hjdku ]yef ld hIksj ]Skt s s , , s s , a yef ld ukde ]aSkt yef ld Lid df kxksg kni yk;[ hg; jGf 4kxksg Cgu s , s , s \ , kni hHd yk;[ kd sukg xu jGf kXg kni sxau ]kXg kni e [H ]ksn [j e j? d , s s a , , X w X s chjx dS ksd jhokge 4Bx ksg Wq' k_k; hd jrhH kr g Cgu rfka' hH jGf jk s , , v ]g Nd cl e j? d jhokge ]g Nd cl Xe j? d 0c 4g <jkd Nd `k; , q X s , q s q T q X D 4kd ukoxH kdl ksg Cgu jkrov ]ktkj jk,v jdkFhr dr cv kIc hH dS k s d chjx e ukrngV 4g dL\y d kvktkj cl ukoxH d kvngV 4g dLy d kv X q T s s X s X w T s \ s X ktkj jdkFhr lhck,p d k;uf,t ][n jdkOm lkgrfb kd kXjdkFhr d ukrngV s a X s s q 4g krkg kni nkoek;kv sl rfk'v , s , a hd jhev 4g krksg kni nkodrfk,H 4g krksg kni eyfjfhIe l rfk'v hd chj , , , , s a x `g hrxke k;D ]g hrpksl k;D rfk'v hd chjx ]g rfk'v hd chjx rfk'v , a , a , a a hd cji 4l rfka'v hd cji g hjln rgc rfk'v hd epfi udfy 4hH cjwi w s w , w q a s ]g rk'v hH epfi df g krgd likv e 4Skt yef hIksj ]Skt yef hIksj ] , a wa s T Skt yef Fkni df Syflb go ksr kxy xkae hH ksd kekeji jxv go `hxksg Z s sld Syf d kekeji ]g hrdl ksg hg Syf d Fkni hH kuFki hd henkv chjx , s , s Z Z z 4g nkoek;v g; 4ksn koxy hjdku , , hrxy Cgu hjdk,u df g kgj xkae 4g nkoek;v g; 4kn jd dhO hjkehc hd , , s dL\y jGf ksr k; kn koynf li ksr k; 2ukoxH g ]Sgfkp li Syf d kon g s s s , s s , s , jkehc kdLy df g kgj xke 4g nkoek;v g; 4ksn kxy hnk' Cgd hgj ksg Cg \ , a , u hnk' hd hdLy df g kgj xke `ksg gj xkae k;D kNi jkv kd ;n sdlm \ , a s s w , s skyks[ 4g kL[ Lkt Fkg henkv dS e jnfe 4g hg hIksj g Cgu kuFki hH kuZFk , \ s s\ X a , , Z z i go 4g hrksg Syf d hIksj hH kuFki go udfy 4g rjd kuFki ksr eg ikv z , s Z z s T s Z z g rgd ryx sxgd eg ]Cgu `kg Wq' ld kuFki ]Bki yef Cgu hg hIksj `ksg T s X s s , Z z W' ld tks[ hd jrhH ksr Bki ksg Cgu hji hg tks[ hd jgkc e rjkH udfy q s , w X s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 38 egaP

g krkg kli knk; lki d ktkel utf 4g krjd lkoim henkv jhev g krje , s , s X , , k[H henkv chjx 4g dG e uje [H jkv e lkoim 4ji jk}jfg dS ]g j w , Z X s s w , X , i jlrev dS g xyv aSk_k; hd kuksn ub 4dl ksg yeku go dfkr Sgfkp u 1 T X s Z , tkH lm g e rykg hd uje go kyef Cgu hg kuk[ kdlm kjkpc henkv go s s , X s s s 4e rykg hd uksg yeku g kgj Iky kago go 4g kgj jkrm go ksd Sk[ kn X s Z , , , , k; g k;x k[ knk; 4g kgj je Cgu k[H kyko ujd lkoim g kgj je k[H , , w s wa w e ]lkoim `g gj gd k;D ikv df kxksg jgkc d >el hdlm ksr 94g kgj j T T s s , d lkoim Cg; r ]Cgu rjWt hd ukt upkdym df ]l ki hd ukoxH ]hy w s a s k';kHk,l kLc r8 ]df ksgd l henkv [H kago jkv e jkgcf ksvkt yp 4g kg \ w s s w , X s , j jd lkoim l gto hd uk[ knk; g; 4g kvg k;kv e upkdym skt 4L s s , q X a , jokv g k;x k[ knk; henkv g; ]e kukn g r>el dG 4g kgj jd lkoim s , X X s T s Z , jdkv e upkdym henkv kjln jkv ]g kgj je k[wH henkv dS g kvg kL\i X a w , , , q ykdv e jkgcf 4e ykdv g kgj je k[H henkv dS g hjWt kuy >el d X X , w , s Z G elb 4sygi d 0fel go g L[ kagt eg 4g jgkc d 0fel go g L[ akg X s 1 T s \ , s 1 T s \ t o 4g nH e kvncV d kuksn 4g Cgu hg pgi ikv 4g gj jrm jd pgi go s , s X X q s X T s qa T s qa 4g jk}jfg go ]ku[j yk;[ g jlrev g; udfy , , 1 s 4g hg l ygi eg ksr rk'v ]g dhO hg chjx eg `kLkN lkodc kX;D hg Pp T s s a T s s\ X\ eg `kXg k;D hg 0el eg ksr g hrgj rfk'v hH l ukg 0el jxv df g k X 1 , a s s s 1 , rgd henkv chjx kd ukrngV 94Bx kg hji k_k; cv ksjrm kg; ]g jk}jfg g q s w a , ; 4rki kv Cgu jk}jfg ]rkt gj hg ji jlr1ev ksr rkt gj jrm Cgo jxv s s s s 4g jk}jfg g; F ji jlrev er Sg jrm ksg yxki ydycf er8 ]df g gj , s 1 q q s q q T s gd _ef go jkv `kX;D k;kP\p ksdeg F Sg hg jrm eg ksr kF hg kujrm ct , s q s 4g Cgu syko ujrm eg cv 4Skt jrm ksr Sx Pp df g Cgu xky sl T s a \ , s o eg `k;D hg jrm ksr Sx Pp ct `k;D k;kPp ksdeg dfk;D ]Cgu xXjrm e , X \ X \ X s g df g kgj gd _ef go g sLdi kdlm jGf _ef go cv 4ksvkv jgkc hnt , T \ s ]kykduf ukekl ksjrm sphu g ksd uIN hLk\x ksjrm jgkc g gj kypf xksy sj s , s w T s kl cv ]ksyp jnv F gj kypf xky jkl ji u'I yNif g gj jrm xky jk a s s s s s s T s s s l ]g kd ujrm hLk\x cv 4Bx pgi jk}jfg hLk\x jGf 4k;yf jd jnv sd hLkx , s s qa a \ jrhH Sk>el kucf kd henkv lm hrnjct ukgm g kd uIN hLkx ]Sk>el s s X , s s w \ a s , ld _ef go cv 4g rPp ksr ksg kujrm ku jxv 4rPp Cgu eg jGf ksr sl T s \ s \ hLk\x lb kxLi hg kujrm df g kgj gd g; go 4g dhO yhyn kd henkv lm s \ , , `k;D Pp ksr g X X\ , hg kujrm jxv `g kn;kG k;D l uP\p `g rjWt k;D hd uPp ksr ksg kLi , s s , s \ \ hg kujrm jxv ]kxLi Cgu ksr kujrm l hLkx lb ]ksn krc rkc dS ygi g s \ s \ s , kgj gd _ef 4kyp jnv hnt g gj gd _ef jk,v ~ ~ ~henkv go 4g kgj k[ s a T s , nf hLa> g kgj ktc hIhl Lkx kd hLk\x g kgj jd yhyn Nd henkv go jkv , Z , X q ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 48 egaP

4Oc e cd 4sxkg gj kOm naukv kurdf xky Oc e jkd cd wa , T X s s wa , X g krpkl 4g hrkt yt hrkN hdlm ]Bg hrkLm y/ g hryduf Bg hrkjF jk , s , q \ w , q Z d l yxc d henkv chjx lm jkv 4kgj [n Cgu Gjr hdlm Bkd ]yn,i sl C s s , s s go g kryduf hH henkv chjx dS 4yni g kgj kt jydkj ]g r[sn jd d , , , , T s kp xky d dLl hjkl kr g ryp yni ji dLl ct xky lt utke jkv jy T s s \ s T s , \ s s , Z , dkj 4g krkg eyke [l kLc e uyp yni ]g krgkp kuyp yni 4krkv Cgu , , s w q \ X s , , , kte e kjkd 4g krgkp kuyp yn,i ]kg jkd lhpi7ln e j? dltf henkv X X , X X X s kLc 4kdikv g kgj kv naukv kld df g jgkc d >el hdlm g kL\i kt jku \ s , , , s , s s df d dLl 4kdlm g k;x cM kt e kyge Lc g; 4g kgj kv kdldf nukv s \ s , s X X s \ , s a g; udfy 4g krkv nukv kLc g Sx kl phu d {o ]g gj xke jdkyG Fkg s , a \ T s s s 1 T s a , 94g krxy kNv kLc ]g hrLi eyke tup kLc hchjx 4Tg Sx c , \ , \ w s \ M eg llm udfy g cl go8 ]kgd l>e ukgm `kgd k;D l>e ukgm 94g s s , s q s X s q s X , cl lki jkgr 4kg gj xke [hH li ln7ln ]kg gj kl phu d kLk> ]kg gj s q s s a s , s s s s s X \ s s yp ji dLl ex hd ljkuc d yip kucf er g Nd cl lki jkgr `kg g \ Z s q , q s q s s j k;D jd g; er8 ]df kNwi lum ue 4jdkg L[ ji kdLl g gj xke kli q s s T s s \ X \ T s a , ln ji kdLl hd ljkuc jkv e kdhjev g sdLy d k;rfiLkjd go 94g; skg X \ , X T \ s X s\ gj jd k;D er8 ]df kNi lum sue 4Skv uyef l>e higf kn 4g rkv kLd s q w s T s s q s T s X \ l ji kdLl hd ljkuc yIfcf jkv dhuIcf jkv higf 4kF e ljkuc e hHv T X \ , , X T 4g hrkt kg W' lI , s q . d hd hchjx jGf kr g krkt pgi ji hjhev huiv jhev ct jkv g krgkp s , qa , , kukg jhev chjx Syflb 4Cgu e ukg chjx g krdl kv kte rgc kLkF e uk s X s s , q s\ X s s g jhev kd henkv chjx 4krdl sy Cgu kte kd ukg chjx hHd henkv chjx s s s 4ku[j uk; g; ]g krdl y kte kd ukg chjx henkv jhev Glf 4Sgfkp , s s s Z kusy kte kd ukg chjx cv g krgd henkv go jGf 4g krxy ucM henkv ] s s , , s g hrkt kg Wq' eLkc lum kr aSkt yef Lid hj[fkv cyre ]Skt kg nc kt , s Z s s s s \ s a kojn kd uyef Lid sNv xkv jkv 4gj ryef jxv hH Lid Nv7Nv g s s \ s , X s s \ s s T sugi Lid erOJ ukgm 4g _i tkj dS go Sx kg L[ uu jhokge 4g Cgu s \ s s X T q s s \ , kyeke jkv Nd elm 4g kyeke kd chjx jkv jhev go Nhi g <jkd dlb , q X , , s T s 4kxSkt kv tkj kd Hzi q hH dek/ elm kxkg e/ kt kd henkv jhev 4kxSkt k;k[ kuk[ knk; ji X s Z s unf dek/ elm 4kxkg e/ kt kd henkv chjx kr dl k[ hH kuk[ kNv X s Z s s X eg unf lm kd e/ Skt kv unf kd kl go hHd7hHd df kvkrc e/ klS N Z , s Z s d eg 4kg gj jd rkc hd kgd g; 4hg g hlkoim eg df kxgd henkv chjx q X s s X a T s 4krdl yp Cgu [i kd lkoim ]hrdl yp Cgu Lh hd lkoim e henkv c a X hjx 4Cgu <jkd Bkd jkv ]hIbklkl IG jokv 4g ryfpi e/ kyko ujd lko s , s s s , z Z s im ]e k;uft l,t 4g krkt kg ryfpi e/ kyko ujd lkoim Xe ktkel um X X , s , s z Z s X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 58 egaP

]kxOc Cgu e sphu g krgd go 4g krOc ji ulkglV d ukl 4g k;x kg hlk; wa , T , , , s s s , s a , l g <kc chjx ]henkv g kgj kv l j? chjx g; ]g rcl kd henkv chjx z , s , w 4g ryp jdy Fkl ulkglV kd sukl kg ;kpkjd' hH Bkd ]g ;kpkjd' dS T s s s X Z a s T Z a 4kF k;ki j d Cgu e kyge uiv henkv chjx kt k;yf jd ektrb hgo e eJkv jkv S X X s s a X , yf jd L[ eJkv Lc7Lc sukgm ]d ktel utf Skv hlk;l kt l kj? chjx s \ s \ s \ X s X a s s X 4kF Cgu ykol Bkd kd ukuc ukde Lc cv 4sF dp s s s \ s q gj e kukde Lc7Lc go ]F xky sykosukv l kj? hu/ go 4k;df Cgu hg kL[ X X s \ s \ s s s X \ eJkv sukgm gj ryp yni go 4k;df Cgu kL[ eJkv Bkd u k;lfk;al d X s s , \ s s X s jhokge df ]sxkg ukjg ikv jdukt 4kxjd Cgu kL[ eJkv kr ]kxskg hlk;al X , s \ s jxv jhev 4kxjd kL[ eJkv kr kxkg hlk;l jxv chjx 4xSkt kg W' u s \ s s a s a s q s kg db e eJkv lm xP jkl d kjhev jkv 4kxjd kL[ eJkv hnt rgc s s X a s s X , s \ q kr aSkt kg hlk;l jxv chjx Syflb 4g hrgj hg huc kuekd hd uxkH e u s s a , s s X e dlm go 4g krdl jd ld xk; kdlm ]g Cgu kxkH ulm kt dfk;D g k s , s , , s s s X , rki kg Cgu hlk;l e kFv dhO hH kr aSkt kg hH hlk;l jxv chjx Syflb s a X s s a 4g kL[ ygi d oHuv chjx 4g , \ s s q , kgj Iky l oHuv jhev 4g kgj Iky jdpgi jhev go df g g; ukF go j , s q , , qa , , kv 4g dG kd ukF e k{kdkv hd chjx jkv k{kdkv hd jhev udfy 4,g Cg , Z X a , a s u dG hnk;ufc e k{kdkv hd kukn 4sx[n cr Oc e jkd ct chjx jkv x[ Z q X a X s X s s , X , s X s n cr yp yni ct jhev udfsy 4[n xky df g dS k{kdkv hd kukn 4g sr s , X s s , a X s T [n xky skr syp yni ct henkv jhev jkv 4g r[n xky kr Oc e jkd kd s s , , T s s s s s , X s henkv chjx dfk;D 4g krgkp kuOc k;D e jkd henkv chjx 4ikv Stfyf > X , , X X el kte jkv 4g r[n xky Gjr kjkp g kryp yni henkv kyko uyp e j , T s s s X , , s X kd ct udfy 4g kgj kt yni go df kr[n Cgu lm Bkd go g krkt jH sl s , , s s s , k;B 4cr g hrjtx l yxc jkd g hrkt xy xkv e ue d yko uyp yn,i Z , q s , X s s s 94g krkt kgd krkj df xSkrc eg kr kx , a s a s kg kyko uyp yni Bkd g syko uyp yni eg 4kg rNi k;D leg g r/fcal s s , s T s , s s w s T a s q s s w s ler kt kNi lum er 4kg henkv d gjr hjln er Bkd g Cgu hg /cl kj q s s w q s , a a kgr leg df ]kgd g; u henkv lm8 ]kgd l>e ukgm `k;D /cl kjkgr q s s s q s X a a q s leg g syko suyp yni eg 4g henkv d gjr hg xyv eg 4g krkt kgd kr T , T s , a kj g; kNi l yko jkd hldf 4kyko suyp yni eg yko jkd er 94/cal k; s w s s , s q a D leg ]cyre k;D leg ]g yko suyp yni kr eg kNi l yko jkd hldf s s T s , s s w s s udfsy g krul e8 ]kgd ulm 94Cgu rul ikv k;D8 ]df kNi jGf ]kgj ip g wa q T s s q w q o 94kxSkt kgd krkj g;8 ]kNi llm jd dkj hLkx 4g kgj hi dkcr kvg k a w s s \ , w q Oc jkudf d dLl ukldf kPc dS ]g Cgu Bkd kgt ji rkj dS 4hd ikj; , s s \ w\ , s a s s w s s F gj jd k_k; hg l jkd 4Sx dIH rkj 4F Sg Sx e ~ ~ ~ ~ _ef dS jse s s s q X s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 68 egaP

4g; g <;kjku jfn g rgd eg , T s ksd chjx 4F rgd <;kjku hey eg ksdlm kF lki dltf kli 4g kukjqi n s s s , , ' <;kjku hey 4g k;x kP\x hHv7hHv 4g k;u ydycf n' <;kjku jfn 4k , , q F krksg kr n' <;kjku hey g ydu g; 4g <;kjku jfn g; df g gj gd s , , T s 4g gj n ukel ksd hchjx 4g gj jd BkGhjky kd hchjx 4g gj jd BkGhu T s s T s s s T s e kd hchjx ]<;kjku jfn 4g n' dkujr[ kLc g; 4g rjd <;kjku jfn s s , \ T s eg ksd jfn 4g kgj yp Fi dS kd hchjx ]Id dS hd hchjx e ukrngV , a X q 4g Cgu rjWt Bksd , hd thp hldf Syflb 4g h[n hH jGf g cl Gjr hd epfi k[n g rgd g T q , s s T s o g xksy yko uk>el rkc hd gjr lb e rjkH 4Cgu hg rPp eg ksr g hg T s s X X s \ , kujrm ct aSkt gj dW Cg; eg `kX;D hg Pp eg ksr g gj jrm xksy ji jk s X\ T s }jfg sxgd jkv 4sxSkt gj L[ ji jlrev sxSkt Li e h>elku ikv kr Cgu X , a s \ 1 a \ X s 4hxLi hujd rkc hd lbkl ksdikv ]hxLi hujd rkc hd etyfjfIe kr ksdi s \ s \ s s kv 4sxLi ujd L[ _r xk|m Lc kr kdikv 4hxsLi hujd rkc hd htkykuDI X \ s s \ a s s \ s s \ s , , ]hxLi hujd rkc hd nkotkel 4hxsLi hujd rkc hd etufw;d ksr ksdikv cv s \ \ 4Cgu ikv cv 4xjd rkc hd ek;kv go c s X X v 4g k;x ync eyLi 4Bx hyp epfi hjhev cv 4kF krjd rkc hd ek; , w T X kv cji kr ]hF hjhev hH e cji ct 4kF jhev cji jk,v kF chjx epfi w s X w w ct kF kunf um go kF hnkoek;kv cji kXunf utf jkv 4hg kxkg g; kxksg ] X w , s s xaSkt yp rkg defk;kv jh/7jh/ de d epfi 4xSkt yp rksg hnkodrf s s s s s q s s a s s k,H jh/7jh/ de d cji df 4g krLi Bk[nf >e g; 4kNv ksr Skt ksg rDqe s s q s w , \ s q a cd eg llm 4g rfka'v hd okHv ]g n[An rgc g rfk'v kst hd de lb s , , q q , a q 4Sgfkp hujd kuZF ki hdlb 4kxn cd ksd de lb rfk'v hlo ukoxH jkv 4g H' rgc rfk'v z s q a , , , q q a go udfy 4g rfk'v e epfi df g krgkp kugd g; likv e 4hg kxjd g s , a X wa s T s o ]kxjd ji d ji xkP d uk[nf jhev go kr Skt yef kdk,e hH Bksd jxv s sw s sw X s s s g Bx gj go hF kuekd kt hd chjx e ue dltf udfy 4k;x gj Cgu ZFv , s X s s Bkd ulkglV d ukl lm g k;kv jd jrm sl XkulkglV d ukl kst df g g; s s s s s , s s s , dG g; `g k;D dG g; 4g k;D dG g; k;D 4l kag; kvkIg xyv Cgu rN Z , Z , X Z X s s s w eg 4Skv y kg; k;D g; ]sxgd go ulkglV kd uksl kvkt y Syf d jhokge s a X s s s s 4xXOc eg j s , Gf ks[j ulkglV kd ukl ygi g krgd go ]g kryp hlk;l <kc chjx go s s s , , a z s , Nhi g kryp ulkglV sxkv 4sxOc ji ulkglV d ukl eg xOc Cgu phu eg X, s s s s X, s g krgd go k;x yef kdke cv ]k;x kg hlk;l cv ]Cgu kyef kdk,e ,g < , , s a kc chjx ]hF kNb hd suOc ji ulkglV d sukl 4kxOc ji ulkglV d uksl e z , s s wa , s s T
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 78 egaP

jx ek,d hyko ujd rkc hlS 4sxjd Cgu tBkyIl eg 4xuc hcyoko e okx s X s X T s X a X a okax kr eg ]sxaSkyp xk;kekzx ksr eg 4sxaSkxy Cgu uh'e hLc ksr eg xSkuc s s s \ s a Cgu tkgt Bkog eg ]sxyp yni kr eg 4sxSky Cgu htkykuDI hL\c eg 4xS X , s a s s , s a kyp k[jp ksr eg df sxgd jkv ]xn jnkv kd hchjx xky e 'n ltf udfy X , s X s s X s s 4 g krdl ksg tkv jkv kxksg gjr hd huki kog unf ltf u/ ]g krkt Li e y , , , \ X dfe e df 4krki Cgu hH Nd e u/ jk,v g kry jd kdb ksd u/ jd kox q T q X , s a cl henkv df g kryef l ydfe urb u/ 4g k<r hd u/ df g ed kur , s q s , 1 , b u/ 4g k{kadkv hd u/ Syflb 4g lki d kxky LkF u/ 4g gkse kd u/ S , , s X s s s\ , yflb 4g ed u/ 4kxLi Cgu hg kuk>el ]ksjd xk; ksLs\kN u/ ]ksjd re gke , s \ s kd u/ df kxLi Cgu kuk>el ksd hldf kxjd Cgu krpV hdlm Bkd 4g kog s \ s s , jkv huki l,t hxSkt skg hg hlS go kr Skt j[cf Rfil e k;ufn hjkl jxv , s s s a a X q 4hxSkt ksg krtgl hxnkl ksr Skt kg 01el hji k;ufqn jx s w v udfy 4g hgj k;pir dS hxnkl dr cv 4hdl kg Cgu kni dr cv ]hxk s , Z s , s g kni hxnkl ]hxksg kni kryjl e k;ufn kGn hygi jkv 4hxSkt skg ytGf 0 , , X q , w f1el df g krgd likv e ksr ]Skt ksg 0el cl jxv jkv 4g rdl kg 0el wa s T a 1 , T s s 1 cl 4hd ugj chjx ksd hldf ku g rjWt hd ugj [H ksd hldf ku df g hn s , s s w , jd kni rdkr hurb u ukKof tkv kr Skt ksg dS k;ufn hjkl jkv ]Skt I , s s q , a ef Ikj d k;ufn jxv 4g chjx k;ufn l gto hdltf g Bx gj hjkehc dS s q , q s , jHIkj cv ]aSkt Ief Ikj l k;ufn jxv df g hn jd kni rfFf go u ukK s q , , s of 4tkv g hrdl kg 0el k;ufn hjkl jkv 4Skt ksg 0el k;ufn hjkl jxv , s 1 q , 1 q 4kxSki yef Cgu hHd lm hH go g [l kd hchjx kst nkc d hjhe s , q s v jk,v 4kxSki ksg Cgu hH jhev go ksr k;yf dksj jd kuc chjx ksd uiv u s s lm ksd >c7>el jxv jkv 4g dofkHo g; g krgkp kuksg jhev k'eg sl j w , , , s rhH henkv chjx Sgfkp kusy >el l dhO dG hnk;ufc g; udfy 4Cgu rjW s Z q s t hd ujd kni Rfil l ku/kl dufkK,o Nd ]Nd 4rkc Bx ksg e[ 4g hH s , a s X q q T eg rk'v ]g hH go rk'v 4g k;D hH lki sdum g cl lki dutf ]ks[n df a , a , , s s g krtks[ g; kr chdjr dS go ]g krtks[ chdjr go Syf d un jnkv jkv , s , X s s s , 4g kgj n jnkv kd hchjx , s s ukrngV jkv 4hxspc Cgu hxIef hchjx jGf ksr xn jnkv jxv ksd hchjx ud q , s s X fy 4g Cgu rjWt hd ukpc kd hchjx ]Sgfkp huIef l ye Lt 4Sgfkp huIe s , s s s w \ f hchjx l k;ufqn jk,v 4ksd k;jfye ]ksd xy hurtf hg hurm 4g krjd k<1? s s s wa ksd hchjx e8 ]kgd u kFuo 4g gj n jnkv dS kd hchjx go 4g Cgu lkyD T s T s s s , ZFksG dfp dfk;D g rgd go 9`g ryp k;D e LF8 ]df g krNi Bksd jkv wa X T s T s X X Z , w , g ryp e lkyD LF go 4go g gj n Skuc rkc defk;kv dS hH krjfn T s X Z T s s 94g <;kjku jfn df ]g rgd ht h/kax8 ]df kgd jdkt u _ef dS sl kFuo , T s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 88 egaP

kge F Lk? urb df kxsyef kvg k[yf eum kr Pi Fx d k0kc ]d kut jx s s s\ s q X s X \ za s X , s X , v Syflb 4k;df xk; uke g rgd xky aSkt kg hlk;l kIc kd jhev udfy T s s s a s s 4k;x kg hlk;l 4kF jkdc ]kF LBkyeSuv ]g r s a s , q , l ]g ygfkd kF krgkp kujd Cgu ekd Nd ]Nd Cgu hg kF 4kLks\N kdltf k; q q s D kF xXNi xky g hxk; kxgd Cgu Bksd ]aSkt kg hlk;l kIc kd chjx jxv s w s T s s a s 4g kgj kt kiku hH hlk;l ji wtkjr ji yksr hg hd u/ 4g kgj iku kd hlk , a , s ;l hg u/ ksr 4g knk; lki dum u/ dfk;D g Lc k;D tkjkge ji;t 4xSk a , s X T s \ X q s a t kg IkN hl;l ]d hlk;l kXg rN ku <jp dum tkjkge ji;t jxv Lan7i s ss a s a s w s q ke hgo ]g Lc tkjkge ji;t ]ky >el l dhO ]BkH8 ]df kgd llm ue kr T s \ q s s s s T s 94g rN <jp dum T s w s tkjkge ji;t n[ ]kri8 ]kgd sulm 94g hlk;l Lc rgc df k;kxy kri sld q q T a s \ q , s q uer8 ]kgd sue 94g rdl kt iku dDlf d ni dfk;D 4g ji ni Lc rgc g T T s s s s X , s \ q o df g krdl kt kyksr ksd henkv dS 4g rdl kt iku dDlf d u/ df g h , T s s s s , u/ kLc df g krdl kt kykr ksd henkv hu/ Lc dS 4g hlk;l Lc rgc d \ , s s \ T a s \ q f suer kykr ld ]g ufe Lc rgc go df k;kxy kri l tkjr ldf uikv8 ]k q s s , T q s \ q s w s gd ue 94hxksg h'[ hLc ksdikv kxSyfef lum ikv g hlk;l Lc rgc 4g u s T q \ s T a s \ q T fe kayG7kayG8 ]df kgd ulm jkv 4k;kv lki je henkv dS 4kF e ji;t Te q s , ss X q 4g rgj Ldi e kXi T s s \ X W Su7Su 4g rgj hg Ldi ksd u/ k'eg go 4 rksg Cgu rDe udfsy g rsn L T s s \ s s q T s s\ kN u/ ]Cgu hg rksg rDe l u/ go 4rki kg Cgu rDe go ]g rn Bk[nf rskg s q s s s q T s s s rDe go udfsy 4g rksg rDe hH jkv xky Nd kg 4g rkt jtx l u/ e kF q T s q , s q a T s q s X v hldf ku hldf kt g xksy hg o go jkv 4g rksg rDe xky Nd ]kg `g kv s , s , T s q s q a , g rDe l u/ uk,d ]ksd kxky rk>el Sx ksg ykl jktg pkai g g; >el hjse q q s X s s , 4g Cgu rjWt hd uk>e , s l ksr Cgu g gj k>el eg Syflb hxkg rykg hIm llm dhO g rk>el kt T s s s T s s eg `g gj k>el ksdldf eg g; `k;D 94g jFi7Ldd rkjgkot7jhg8 ]df g T s X T \ a s T rgd eg 4g jFi7Ldd ]jFi7Ldd df rgd Cgu hHd eg 4hd ugd ,g Cg s T \ a \ a s s u rjWt Bksd 4rgd Cgu ksr Cgu g rgd hHr kxkg Cgu hef kukl ]g hef s T s s s , kuksl df g rgd g; eg 4g hef hef df jdkt l kxky rgd Cgu hHd eg , s , s X s s 4Cg u rjWt Bksd hd suk>el kr Cgu ]g Nd jWt u/ df g krkrc hH go g kr s , q , , k>el kst g Cgu hH Nd g Nr g hef u/ df hH e uk>el lb 4,g Cgu hH , q , q , X s Nd u/ df g krLi kuk>el ksd kxky Syflb g ed u/ ]gj uk; udfy g q , \ X s , s s , Cgu hH Nd u/ df g k;x k;k[lf hg; k'eg ksdeg dfk;D ]g hrLi eyke q , s X T \ w rkc hIm hLc g; udfsy 4hrdl kg Cgu hH defk;kv jkv hrdl ksg Cgu d X \ s , ek/ hH hHd ek,d go ]kxgj hnkodrfk,H k'eg Rpf kdlm jkv hxgj hg ch s s , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 98 egaP

4krkg Cgu hH Nd jk,v g s q , hryef rfr l un k;yfkx ]g krdl n k;yfkx Glf go 4kxSki Pc sl,d xkv 1 s s s a , s a Z \ s jk,v go krki >el ]krki Ldi Cgu hg ksd Fkni kt udfy 4g krdl dW ji \ Z s s , Z Fkni henkv 4~ ~ ~hd kekeji kgt g hH xksy erel jk,v d Fkni df sjd a T w s Z ku tks[ xkv jk,v aSkt dW hg ji Fkni henkv dS df g krdl ksg g; ]akg s Z , 4Cgu hH Nd jk,v g rwcl d uk q , s Kv Glf rkc hd gjr lb 4g hnkodrfk,H kayG jkv ]g hnkoek;kv eg 4g I Z X T , , T by;if eg jk,v g Iyf;jfIfe kyG df gd Bksd df g rkc hd uiyxki c q z , a s T X l g; Syflb 4g iW kn d thp hg dS kukn 4g Cgu thp kn Fkni jk,v kek T s s X s T X s Z eji Bkd 4g kekeji jdksg yjof hg Fkni jkv 4g Fkni jdksg u?l hg kek s , Z , , Z eji 4g kekeji eku kdlm krLi Bk[nf Cgu Fkni kt 4jIe yoofub n 4g , \ Z s T , Fkni eku kdlm kekeji g krLi Bk[nf kst go Iki yofofLf 4g Fkni go Z , \ Z , Z g krLi Bk[nf Cgu Fkni kst kekeji jkv 4g kekeji go g krLi Bk[nf , \ Z , , , \ kst Fkni 4g xyv Nd kekeji jkv ]g xyv Nd Fkni df g Cgu klS Cgd Z , q , , q Z , s 4g eku kn d thp hg dS g Cgu thp ksn g T s s , X ; g rgd kekeji eg ltf jkv Fkni df g g; ksr pl j,kv `xkvkt ld ` T s s , Z , s s s , kagd sxksvkt jdxkH l Fkni kr 4g phc d Fkni hg uoht 4g phc d ZFkni h s Z s , s Z , s g kuht 4g jrhH d jIe hg kuht 4g Cgu kekv Bksd ]g jIe lkl lkal jkv , s , , , , a , hH ksdikv ]hxL\i huy lkal hH kd>e hH kd < ]hxLi huy lkal hH ksd jho s s s q s s \ s kge 4g Cgu kekv Bksd g jIe utksH jk,v ]hH ksd 0qc jkv ]kxLi kujd ut , , , , s \ ksH hH ksd jhokge 4henkv jg ]g Iyf;jfIfe henkv jg kpksl hHd uikv ud , s fy 4go g kgj jd knuV hjkH hLc df g krxy klS ksr Iyf;jfIfe g krgd s , \ , s , henkv Bksd ct ]jrjuf 4g rn hykx ksd nko drfk,H jrjuf xky kst g; jkv a T s s a s , 4hH ksd xk; g ryksr eg l SiQ 4krkt ksg ydfe kuyksr dfk;D krkt ksg ydfe ku T s s q X q ukpgi udfsy ]rksg hxk; Lc hg surdf 4g hxk; Lc urdf df kF krdl Cgu s s \ T s \ s ukpgi Bksd hHd ksd jhokge kr Cgu 4k;df ekd kNv kLc u kvkron 4k;nf s \ s X s [j e Ii d h<kc jd ykduf kd Hx d Ii d hui hd ktkj jkv 4k;nf X s s z s Z s s s , [j e Ii d hui hd ktkj ksd jhokge jdyduf l Ii d h<kc chjx u kv X s s s s s z s X krosn kr 94xdl Cgu hg ukpgi xky ksr kxkg kni e j? d chjx jxv jkv 4 s s X s s , X s , kvg kni e j? d chjx jdkFhr df g kvg hHd klS8 ]kgd u kXvkrosn 4g < q , X s , q s s , Z wZ iFv hLc hukgd 4Skv kso e Ii d h<kc chjx dS 4kvg e j? d <kc \ X s s z q X s z dS Hx ygi kd jhokge df g g; hukgd 4hd jhokge g rHnv rgc hukgd Z s , , q q 4kd xk; Cgu krkj Bksd ksr jkv 4F hxk; Lc ur , s s \ s df jhokge dfk;D `k;D kd ukg cl g; g rkrc ky'fy'f kcy kurb ]kF g X X s s T s a ; kurb ]kF g; kurb ] F Fj urb ]F uj urb ]F hFkg urb ]lki d jho s s s s s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 09 egaP

d emksv jxv df dr kag; 4kxsgj Fo knl go 4hrdl N Cgu hjkehc Bksd h . w Hd kdlm 4jd Oki kd emkv l kuokH l okH pl jrjuf jd ikt kd emk s s . s s s s a s . s v kst df g k[yf sukgm e ckrdf lm Sx kg ;xo ]lc yp go ksr cv ]d , X X s s s 'd"f+ g h[yf ckrdf dS u nauko'f heko kPi ckrdf dS ]djkpof dS s , s \ ]kvg ukjg e kr kPi ue kuI? hjln dS 4rkc hd ek;v g rjd k;D jkv q , T s \ s T w X T s , 4g gj kt yp T s s Sdf rkc hd ek;v Syf d sukyG ksd ue uiv udfy 4g L[ ji yr phu X s w s s T s \ s hH d nkodrfkH rgc eg 4g; g nkoek;v k'n Rpf hjkeg g; ]hjkeg g; s , q , 4ksg gj kt je Nhi d SiQ kn 4xky d e s s s s s s s pfi ksg hnkodrfk,H er df g krsn hykx >e ksr g krjd jkdub l un k;iQ q , s q wa s s s skn xkv jkv g kdp n SiQ kn g krjd jkdub e ct jk,v 4kF kgj kt kyp s , wa q s s wa T Skrc >e hrnjct Syf d upC[ k;iQ ksn go 4kF kgj krc kst henkv go s q s s k; e 4k;ki Cgu hg >el e kF ukd hnkodrfk,H df g k[yf e <jeal uiv T T , , X s s u lBketkt 94rgkp kuukt Cgu hH ;ofH Nhi d SiQ kn ]jhu ksg nkodrfk Z s s s s s , H er8 ]df kgd g kri kgd k;D u jknjl 94krgkp ]Cgu hg kuukt e jkv ]h q , s T , xSkt ksg jGf lhG hdikv ]Sjfd Gke8 ]kgd u henkv lm 4kxy uyksc xkv s s s jk,v jGf jknjl 4hn n lhG k;iQ kn u henkv lm 94Stfhn n lhG hje k;iQ s s s s s s kn ]k;krc sue jsn hurb 4g Bx kg lhG k;iQ kn hje8 ]kgd u jknjl udfy T , s s s s s 94krgkp Cgu hg kuukt e ]g kgj kLN Cgu sli T wa q\ kv Fkg kuiv 'o krO'f Glf e ]Sjfd Gke8 ]kgd uhenkv lm 4Sx yp hg Z T s s Skrc ht jknjl go udfsy 4g kvg kyG dr yd ]Hky kdlb ]krpV hdlb a , q , s ]hIBktuS hdlb 4g kgj jd Gf hH hd yd g; g kgj jd Gf hd tkv kj , , kpc go 4g hnkodrfk,H knk; l hnkodrfk,H g; df g g; rkc pl 4g hnkoe s , s , , k;kv g; ]kxWe cd ]kxksg k;D klji ]kxksg k;D yd df g kgj Ni k[j hd a X , w s ;ofH kst jkv 94ksg rgkp kuht hHv ]er ksg Iyf;jfIfe8 ]kgd u jknjl kr , s q s s 4g krgkp kuht hHv e 4s>e kuks[ Cgu ;el e lkodc ] wa T q X Gf hdlm Syflb 4g Cgu krdl ht 4g Cgu k;kv ;ofH ksr hHv ]kxaMht j , , Gf cr kxSkv ;ofH ct <{ hlb 4g krgkp kuht hHv e 4g Cgu krDlm B wa T , q ksd hd uukt kd ;ofH s>e 4Sjfd Gkae ikv g krgkp Cgu hg kuukt e 4g k s s q wa T wa rgkp Cgu hg kuukt e ]Sjfd ke{8 ]kgd u lBketkt lm 4Fv kd kXvk[j j T s Z Z s , q 1 , kv ;e jkv et jkv rhrv jkv ;ofH kxy ukrc kdlm jknjl go gd d , , s s s lm kucf l hnt jkv ]k;yf Ldi Fkg kdlm u jknjl 4kF eku kdlm lBke s , \ s Ztkt 4k;yf Ldi Fkg kdlm u ht jknjl dS kjrm ji u'I d hynf hg \ s s s slt go 4kjrm hynf go 4k;kv ukrngV go Wd hji rkc huiv e jGf SkuI , q a w T a ? hl7hIkN ksn dS 4g kvg k;kv ukrngV go 4g djkpof kd epfi dS ]dS s , q q ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 19 egaP

`g krdl je ld go kxSkt kg jev l iW djfhjk' go kxjd uyki , s , s s s s kt kd xk; je jkv 4g k;x kg jev l iW djfhjk' e 4k;yf ki kd hIyfIk s s s , wa s s T s Z s eb ydtfGf ue df g k[yf e kckrdf huiv u noVjv dfk;D 4Sx je noVj s T , X X s X v df Cgu htkj kd uuke Bkd e eJkv noVjv 4Cgu je hHv ]g kntV go d s s s X s T f g kgj kt kuke g; hH hHv e eJkv udfy g dp je noVjv 4g gj y k{ , X s T s q T s s jfi hd krDH ]g gj jd dIku ]g gj jd kyhy 4g srdl je Cgd htheko 4 X T s T s T g gj k[nf kyhy htheko df sxgd eg kr Skt yef hH Sg je ]Skt yef jk T s X s a q s a ehc htheko kdeg jxv 4Cgu sxaSkOm ui d gjr lb hHd eg 4krkOm Cgu s z s hH Bkd ui d gjr lb 4g rPi ckrdf hd htheko henkv kjktg jkv g sr s z s T s \ X , T kv henkv kjktg ]g Sx kv henkv l chtv ikv8 ]kgd u hIjdl lm udfy X T s s s s s 94g krje hg jhj' ]g krLi jkehc hg , , \ jhj' 4Sgfkp hukg hd jhj' rkc kr g;8 ]df kgd ulm ]k;x kg ukjg kjkp s s s s , c go 94g hrdl kg ;o l ujd Oki d emkv kr kg hrLi jkehc jxv ]g s , s s s s . s s s \ , hrLi jkehc hHd kekv 4g hrdl kg jev l ujd Oki kd emkv jGf kr k \ , s s s . s s s g hrje jxv ]g hrje hHd kekv cv 94Cgu hd jhj' 4g gj jd rkc hd ; , T s X ko d kekv jkv ]hd krjev hd kekv go 4cyre kdum Cgu hg >el e s , s qr ]kg hnkodrfkH cl er8 ]kgd sulm g kri `g kgd k;D u hIjdl lm kr s , q , , s s s s 4g krk , t kg jev henkv hrkv Cgu lki hH q;e l ujd Oki kd emkv8 ]df g k[y s 1 s s . s , f elm dfk;D 4rdl Cgu hH je kr go ]hrkv Cgu hHd hjkehc Bkd sl ujd X X s s s s Oki d emkv df e ckrdf g k[yf kr sukgm 4Skt Li jkehc ht heko df s . s X , s X a \ krdl Cgu hg kg hHd g;8 ]kgd sulm 4g kgj jd <{hji hdum jIDkL g L s , T s i jkehc go dfk;D 9`k;D8 ]kgd sulm 94rdl yef Cgu hHv htheko8 ]kgd \ X X s s s s s u hIjdl dum 94rDo hlb g krgkp kujd u'n d htheko e8 ]df kNi kd wa Z s T w s hIjdl dum ]kNi kd dyD jdkt e jrn d htheko jdkt ulm ]k;x go s s s w s Z X s s 94g kNv , rgc kr cr Skt yef chdjr hrl hurb 4hxSkt kg ytGf cl g; k;Bkon h q s a s w a urb jkv ]ykt kurb kd ydLfe g; jkv ]tykd ydLfe g; kr g hrdl skg , s , s s s T jn k;jfkehc cl kjk} d emkv jxv dfk;D ]y [hl Oki kd emkv g; jkv w a s . s X wa . s , 4y jd u'n dum ygi jdkt e8 ]df kgd ulm jkv ]k;x 'd"f+ kvg kx wa Z s s T s , s q kH go 4k;kv ukrngV l ikj; henkv go 94kxkg k[yf ji jk/kv hldf kr g q s s w s s , kr[yf rkc hlS ct jIDkL dS8 ]df kgd ulm kr 4ygi l ukg hlk;al ]sF s s s s s s s jIDkL n[ ygi ht nuko'f df kPi hH g; sulm jkv ]kPi g; u jIDkL dS q s a \ , \ s 4g krkt kg jev go hr , s kv Cgu q;e kd yko sujd Oki kd emkv lm kr Skt k;df Oki l okH sji k 1 s s . s s s w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 29 egaP

v l kvk;el ]kusn gd k;ke ]kun gd kOw> ]kun jd jkdub hg kd kvk;el s X s s s X 4g Cgu uk/kel Bkd kusy jd nc [kv jkv kuy jG Ohi l kvk;el ],g Cg , s a a , s s s X u yg Bkd kuxkH 4rdl jd Cgu yg kd kvk;el hd uoht hH hHd go 4g s s s X T srxkH kt jkv ]Cgu kuht kd uoht g k[hl ueg kuxkH jkv kupc sl uoht s , s , s , 4<jkd d ethidlS u;kyi g Bx gj s s , rlfdofv kHrfzi hd rjkH df8 ]kgd g; ue ji _wl ygi ]unf ygi 4Cgd u s T s s s Te rkc Nd e /acl lb ]kHrfi hjkeg jkv aSk;el hd rjkH e kunf kn rhc X q X a z , X X s s . uekv ;if jse z s u ZlkdLf a s k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf lDkI a w tk[ hd rjkH Su s s s k'kv 4jd jkdho ek<i kjse X z 4g krjd ek<i kd kekeji Oc jrhH d wa z s s , s cl e rv jkv 4g rgfzxuv llm ]kul l ei jkv rfk' hurb kd krkc hjse X a , wa q s q s zs , a s X 4g jko , hn kgd ]g jFi kgd ]g okdIv kgd ]e udkj kd kHrfi hdlm jkv Sk;e a , a , a X s s s z , a l hd rjkH df kxWd rkc ji _l erfv gcl yd 4kxgd nkc d ukg k;al a w a q wa s s s yd 4Sx gj ui jkv Nd 4hgd rkc Nd ue ji jk/kv d kui l sLkF g; z , q q s T s X z s s\ 4g <jkd jk T s l g; e IokdW hd kHrfi hd rjkH 4dl kg Idi jkv ]dl j[uf kHrfi hp X z s s z , s z l hd rjkH dfkr g hjWt kutk[ kujkpof kuukt cl kd cl g; 4g kOc h , s , , enkv hnkodrfkH Iiuf jrhH jkv 4g kOc henkv hnkodrfkH Iiuf jrhH jkv , , , , , , 4g kOc jiM d ek;kv henkv kO> go kg yk[ hO> go Sg Pkv yk[ hd , , s w s s w q s s\ s defk;kv udfsy 4g hnkodrfkH Iiuf eg 4g Cgu rfFf hjkeg kr g; udfy , , , s s 4g sr T kt kg hg dS [An jkv [l ltf g go rDf; defk;kv 4g krkt kg ukel s q , q s , , s 'kdi jkv kj/v ltf g go rDf; defk;kv 4g kry uke jckjc kd keke z , s a s , , s s ji jkv Fkni kt g go rDf; defk;kv 4g kry uke jckjc kd q;e jkv , Z s , , s s 1 , uoht kt g go rDf; defk;kv 4je ku hHd jhj' df ikv g gj jd rkc s , s T s defk;kv hLc g; 4je ku hHd hH jhj' kdum 4Skt kg yIkeb hydtfGf \ s a s Z s hH go df g gj /kl Syf ldf go ]g gj /kl xk; kd noVjv kt jdOc akg T s T s s s , o jkv 4g xky hnkoek;kv Lc ]g xky dhek;kv Lc 4g Sx kg ;1nv Gl , T s s \ T s s \ T s Z f 4Cgu je go g kntV go df ]g ruke hg; xky hH hHv e eJkv d noVjv s , T s s X s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 39 egaP

X e hnl Colhc df g kul ue jGf 4krdl ksg Cgu kji uk/kel udfy u k;ufqe , q s T w s s X 7"f+ g kvg k;nf u kvQqx uk/kel hg l ygi ksr g; df g k[yf e Xk<kji , q s X s s , X q d kgp jk,v 4krki Cgu ksg kji uk/kel g; jkv 4g hrkt hyp hg hrk[ ksd Xkg s X w w , , p hycf g hg uk/kel ]uk/kel g; udfy 4Ski jd ku kyeg hycf jkv Sk w , s a , a t ksg uk/okl gp ksr gj hrtc hI? ]Skt /c hI? e yx d hycf df g ey sw s a a a X s s , w ke ksr uk/kel 94Skt h/kc ld hI? 4/kc uk,d hI?8 ]kgd u kgp jGf udfy a s , a s a a s X w s 4kn /kac hI? df k;nf u kPc uk/kel hgo jG s a s X w\ f jk,v ]hd kHl u kgp k;df uk'ji ksd kgp su hycf hH ct ksd rkc lb Sx s X w s X w rhc ykl kjktg jGf ]/kac ukd hI? `/kac ld Bkd hI? udfy 94Skt hn / X s , a s s , s a s kac hI? e syx d hycf df g krkj hg dS8 ]kgd u gp Pc d kXgp um ksr a X s , s s w s w\ s w `;kim kd okpc jd k;D eg 4g hgj jd uk'ji eg l knl k;hycf 4g uk' X T s X s a T ji rgc eg df k;df jkpof jkv hd dOc u kXgp d ygetkj dS df ]kxksg s q , , s w s kul 4g hukgd hukji rgc kxksg kul ]hxkg hul uikv hukgd hIkN dS 4kxWd q , q q q s q s s a rkc likv ji _l jlhr jGf 4kxWd Gkl rkc g; e l hukgd hl7hIskN dS s w s a T s 4k;x ksg kn i eH kd sukg hukK dfk;D g Sx jgO e ukKv uiv eg 4g kgj ki kg Cgu ] , z s X T X s , s g krdl ksg Cgu hH hukK rjkH Syflb jk,v g k;x ksg kni eH kd uksg hukK , , , z s ksd rjkH 4g rukt uk/kel ksr eg df g krksg kni eH g; Xeg jk,v 4g ruc T s , , z T s k/kc e utks[ uk/kel Su uk/kel so ksr ksg krksg ku ye Bksd kdum sl kvk X s s X ;el jk,v aSkt Syf Ldi uk/kel nf; 4g gj kpgi ukldu hH uk/kel Sx \ T s qa q s[hl gjr hd rksr d rjkH jkv g Cgj kpgi ukldu hH Sk;el ksd kHrfi s s , T qa q a z hd rjkH 4hH l >kc d kXuk/kel jkv g rkt cn eg hH l >ksc d kvk;el s s s , T s s s X 4g krksg rIf? jkdep dS jkv 4g hrkt hyp hrskg , , T hdb xyv aSk;el 4g rkt syp rkg db xyv uk/kel 4krki ksg Cgu /c T s s s s a a l Bksd eum 4krki Oc Cgu yeykr Bksd kdum 4g rkv l Nhi knl uk/kel X , s T s s s jkv g hrkv l sxkv knl Sk;el 4g rkv l Nhi uk/el d Rpf hnkokjiji , T s a T s s s s a jkv g hrkv l sxkv aSk;el 4g hrkg Cgu [kv hdlm Gjr hd xkv 4g kr[ , T s T s X a s , sn Gjr hd sNhi k'eg Rpf hnkokjiji 4hIyu'hLI ]nkokjiji g go jkv 4g s a s a , , , Bx uc k/kc rkc hjln e lkdof d kHrfi hd rjkH8 ]df kgd ue unf jlwn w X s z s T s 4kg k;x cn phu d Lk\gi lt g k;x cn phu d s s s s , , s s um henkv df 4g hy jd hdb hurb aSk;el e lkgrfb uiv u rjkH jkv T X s s , 4g hrkt uc lDyksd g h , , , rkt uc Okx hd hjkehc jk,v ok? e drfe go g hrkt gj Bg hd yg kucf a X , q k;el kst jkv 4g hrkpgi g hrdl kpgi ukldu kurtf Sk;el jkv 4Tg ; , T qa , qa q a , tof ]g hrgj rofht Sk;el udfy 4Cgu hg g Sk;el df g hryef rgkj k , a s T a , s d ue 4hryef Cgu rDfe l kvk;el rfkaH lm udfy 4g kr kuy jd nc [k q s X s , s s a a
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 49 egaP

s s\ s uLkN kdum l gto hd uksl jkv g hrkg hH jhtt go dfk;D 4g hrksg dku s s , T s X a X T jr[ j,kv jhtt hd ukl udfsy ]g hrksg dkujr[ ksr jhtt 4Skt hn ykL Xjh X a s s , X a a tt hd uksl e Fkg d henkv hldf lt g dkujr[ hg kurm jdDp kd kxky a s X s s , , X s s Nv jkv 4g e jdDp d krkc hNv jkv 4g e jdDp d kxksy Nv rjkH , T X s X , T X s X s 4Cgu /cl Bksd llm kd hoi jk,v ]ji hoi Sgfkp uk/kel jk,v 4g hd a a s 1 1 T 'kdkv go udfy 4g hrxy hNv rgc rkc hdlm jkv 4hd uhet Sk;el s T q X , a j,kv 4g krjd hd 'kdkv ksr rkc go g Iyf;hLbv kt go 4kxksg Cgu sl xke , X , s Z d nkoZ'nkv g krksg ksr l Zxke d nkoFkF; lkdof kd kHrfi 4Sgfkp kuksg s , s s Z z tkel hnkoFkF; 4krdl ksg Cgu rlfdof tkel go ]kxSkt je ]kxSkt L\l t Z kel go 4kxkg hnkoZ'nkv hH tkel kt g krgkp kugd e likv e _l sjlhr s s wa T s X w 4krkt gj Cgu xke kd uLks\r ]jk} Su ]ek;kv Su ];kim Su Syf d kHrfzi Z s s ]g rkt yp sukt hH g; g krdl ksg Cgu ]g rkt yp Skjgksn uk/kel 4g h T s s , T s s T rkt hyp Sk[ Sk;el 4g Oc Sg Ldi ksdcl ub jkv 4g rukt eg hH g; a T s, q s \ , T s krdl ksg Cgu g rukt eg hH go g uk/kel 4krdl Cgu ksg g; df g rukt T s , T s eg hH g; jkv 4ksn jd xk; kd u/ df g uk/kel gxjfiv jk,v g k;el , , z , hchjx 4hrdl Cgu ksg klgVv df g rukt cl eg jkv g uk/kel klgVv g T s , , , klgV ]krdl Cgu ksg g; df g kLq\t hH g; Fkl dum df g lS uk/kel cl , s T s s chjd7chjd jkv g urkji hH uk/kel 4g urkji Sk;el hH e ue d rjkH , T q T q a X s 4kF k;x ksg ydfe kupkl g Sg Ldi rkc ku q s T q s \ X X ksn 4krdl Cgu ksg g; jkv g hg; uk/kel df F gj gd hg; gp Pc l ykl , , s s s w s w\ s kXjktg udfy 4Bx hn /kac hI? jkv ]Bx kg 'kgc ]Bx ksl hycf 4hn /kc hI s a , s s s a a? jkv hn ykL hykx e /wn d hycf jkv 4Sky ykduf hyksx hd nCu go kF k , s X s , ukt kukv e ukdn hd Iefd dS kd kXgp ukot kn um 94hF rkc uklkv rg X w , w s q c kr g; 4Sx kg nc jk} sxkv d upksl Syflb 4kF kLdi hH g; krdl kg C s s a s s \ s gu jk,v 4kF kLdi kdlm krdl ksg Cgu kt jk,v 4krdl Cgu ksg g; df hF hy \ s s Ldi hH rkc g; jk,v kF k;yf Ldi uk/kel uikv8 ]kgd u kXgp ukot um \ \ s s w `9sl ,d h/kc hI? uer8 ]sxy suNi l kXgp ukot um jkv 4kF kvg ku hHd kr g; a a s q w s w , q s 4Sg ukjg rgc Pc jk,v 4hn /kc hI? su kgp um gcl unf jln udfy 9`sl q , q s w\ a a X w q s w s , s d sxk/kac ]Bx Cgu h/kac hHd hI? kg spc ]ksg >el ku8 ]kgd ukgm 4xy u a s s X s s lg Pc 94sxn /kac eg gcl yd hI?8 ]kgd u kgp ukot ksn 4/kc ld hIa? ` a s w\ X q a s X w X a s , s/kc uk,d hI? df g g; ykol jGf udfy 4ksn /kc hI? e yx d hycf df a a , s a a X s s ,g kvg k;krc u k;ufe7"f+ 4g kvg k[yf e kFx jkeg ksr uk/kel8 ]kgd u q s X q , q X X za s s kXgp Pc jGf 94Xpc l hycf ld `jd k;D8 ]kgd ukgm ]Sg db sgp jGf w s w\ s s , X s X q s w 4hxgj rchle Tg k; s q a hycf g gp dr ct ]hxgj knl rchle g; ]rchle hg; e yge dS jGf T sw s q q X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 59 egaP

4rgkp kukOm Cgu hH [kav Gjr lm eg 4g jn rkc ksr hd uuke s , w s rgkp Cgu hH kuukt ksd uiv eg go g eg kst jkv 4g ruke ksd uiv eg s s T , T s s go g Cgu eg kt g k;x II e kXL[ Lc ksn 4g k;x ksg L[7L[ orDf; kjwi T s , w X a s \ , a a 4g hIyfuli Ihyi orDf; kji kd rjkH gjr lb jkv 4g krxy ujd ;u , s Z w , , s Hfv kdlm krkg Cgu kt 4g kry kiNf lm ]'i g krksg 4g hrkt kg hL[ jko s s , s s q , , s \ hn dS e suksg c jk,v e suksg 'i dlm jkv 4g krgj kuc 'i go Arro j X z X q s , , q q , , kv 4g krkt ksg c go e suil 4g krkt yef krkj kd upc llm ]g kst go z X , s s , 4g hrkt yef k/ofql , X e suyH ksd suiv 4g krksg Uli kLc hiki jk,v ]ksg hgo er 4g lkouf kd q , z \ q , z a c nuknpfl ;o jrhH jkgr ]ksg kekeji er g rk>el go `k;D g rk>e a s q q T s T s l hlk;l7/kl go dfk;D g gj gd ikv dhO rgc tkjkge ;/ g rgd jkv a q X T s q T s , T s g rkygf jlf rgc jdOc hiki lki d k;lfk;l /kl 4g kekeji henkv g q , s X a q , T gj k>el eg udfsy g kuokHl g; g krdl ksg kekeji henkv 4g ;l g; s , a , , g 'i henkv 4g 'i Glf g Cgu kekeji henkv jg df g g; Bkpl 4ksg k , q T q Z , , ekeji ;o er df g gj k>el kd henkv dS7dS eg 4g kxy e utks[ kd a q T s s , X s s rfkv hdlm ]kpkaP kdlm ji Rpf d ;ue jhor hdlm Sgfkp kuksg kt s q s jk,v g Cgu kt jk,v 4g kvg kxy e ''fksd hd ukyH lm ]g kt ;ue rjkH , s , q X s q s , s q 4kxSki ksg Cgu hH hHd go {o jkv 4kxksg kuil {o kxgj kuc hg thc thc 1 , 1 s s kr ]Skt ks[ e uokonf Skt ks[ e kuid hd uksg {o jkv 4g k;x ksg {o X X s 1 , wa 1 dS e df sxy u[n kuil dS thc udfy 4g krpgi dr {o kt kxyduf x T s s s , qa 1 s s Z ke go hg l ukg thc dlm 4kxLi ku>el hg kd uksg thc uiv ksr g kuksg s s s s s \ s s s , hH {o jxv ksd thc 4kxSki ksg Cgu hHd {o jkv kxSkt gj thc thc ksr g 1 1 , wa k;x ksg {o e df sxy suuke e uil jkv ]xy u[n uil ]Skt Li e kuil 1 T X s , s s s s \ X X sd uksg {o Cgd thc jxv jkv 4g Cgu ykol kd uksg ku uksg 4g thc udfy s 1 , , s s , s 4hrdl kg hH Cgu g hrdl h s , H ksg kuokHl 4g kuokHl hd suksg {o 4thc g thc 4Cgu g {o thc udfy 4 a , a 1 , , 1 s g krdl ksg {o ]thc 4g rdl yduf Zxke jkl hg llm g kt jkv 4Cgu ;we , 1 T s s s , s , Bksd kdlm g kst jkv e Rpf hnko'nkv g <ioge kdlm 4Cgu g go Sgfk , , X Z , Z w , p kuksg kt 4g Cgu go dfk;D g Cgu ;e hH Bksd kdlm Sgfkp kuksg kst jkv s , X , w , , Z w g <ioge Arro hgo g kst jkv 4g <ioge go Sgfkp kukg kst ]g Cgu q , , , Z w s , <ioge go g kt ]g krksg Fv kd nkoZ'nkv `g krkg Fv k;D kd nko'nkv Z w , s , Z , s Z Z 4Crsn ukIt Cgu hH lgkl kd upkl l xP Su ]regf hd upkl s q s s s a s s s a l xP Su ksd Rpf go 4hrn sukg Cgu hH rlfdof ksd Rpf go jkv ]g Ldi s s , T s \ ksd Rpf go jkv 4g hH jhtt go jkv 4g ydfe hH kuLkN kdum 4g hd k; , T X a , , q s\ s T X lfk;l7/kl g hd kXrl 4g hd kXrkc hNv7hNv g hd ukl Fkl jk,v g hH Xj a q , a T T s s T htat go g jhtt kst ji Rpf d rjkH 4g hrkt ksg ydfe hukIt regf hd T X a s , q q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 69 egaP

rk0lf Nv Lc sueg udfsy g jgkc d rknc dlm go 4kxLi II ji jlwn a s s \ , s Z s s \ w s ujkG 'i jk[[ kr y [n Gjr hd 'i jln jxv knke hd 'i dS ]rkc h , q qa s s s q s w q go hd hgo go 4kxSkt kg uhyof cl gkjxo ei jkgc kxSkv yduf kjN 4g s , zs q , hrkt xy xkv e ynf je kr y [n jdkjde Gjr hd hldf hui hjse jxv X s s s s s q 4g krjd 'i jd kPp keye kd hnkp ukl ji eku d krk0lf paM , s \ q a s s s X s rgc go hH kdum g dofki thp kt jkv 4g k[j n k[k/ kd uiv ulm j q s T X s , , s s s s s , kv 4g ukeBc henkv udfy 4g hLd dS hd xkv eg hd ky[J hlm g jrhH , s s T \ s a 1 , d kv'i kt go 4g kvg Idzi e kiW Su Su ueg hgo g jrhH d kv'i k s X q s , q X X s , s X q s t go `g Cgu jrhH d kv'i kt jrhH jkeg g k;D 4g hg; ;r udfy 4g k , s X q s s , , s , rkt kg e[ go 4g k[j uke kekeji kd uiv e kuid hg huiv u henkv s , s s X s kt go 4g hrxy Ikp kd jkdgv e ukg hRrl hd kv'i dfk;D `k;D udfy s , s s a X s s a X q X X s 94rdl jd Cgu jkdho eg g; ]rkc g; ,g O> s w ]_i kd kv'i 4g _i kd kekeji kr henkv 4g kekeji kr henkv 4g kvg q X q , q s , s , q kni l kekeji kr henkv 4Cgu hHd ]l kv'i jkv henkv 4kg gj jd rkc , s s s X q , s s k;D g;8 ]kgd sukgm 4Sx kg L[ e /kjof d uokL xky dek/ d k;ufqn h X s s \ X s s s s jkl kr 4g krkv l kv'i henkv df k;df rifkF _l kL\c rgc dS Syf d s , s X q w q s ukFm defk;kv d ;ue u uokL jkv ]hgd rkc g; kGn hygi u uokL s q s , s ct g hrxy Ikp kd jkdgv jkeg dfk;D 4g hrkg BkuOfd hLc hH Xe ujd j , s s a s X , s \ s kdho kd kr'i hd ;ue 4g Bx kg nc k_k; hd ukg {o jkv g {o go df s q q T s a s s 1 , , 1 g k;yf uke u thc 4g g; eg df g k;yf jd jkdho ueg kd 'nkv jkv , s T , s s Z , 4g k;nf hg kyH sueg kd FkF; ]k;yf jd kji lm l chdjr dS ueg df g , q s Z w s s s , hLc hurb Bk[ go jkv 4Bk[ hd phc d Z'nkv jkv FkF; g Bk[ go jkv \ , s , Z , , 4g Bx kg kni Bk[ dS ]g Bx kg kni pLf dS e lkdof d kHrfi hd rjkH , s , , s , X s z 4g gj jd kOp hd ukiNf lm g eg kt T s s s s T s jkv 4g gj jd kOsp hji hd uk[nf lm 4g gj jd ;uHfv kd uk[nf kdlm , T s w s s T s s s g Cgu eg kt jkv 4g Sg Li e eH jkv Nd d ukg jkv ]Nd g eg `g T s , T q s \ X z , q s s s , q T , k;D g; df g krkg kni okph[ kLc ]g krkg kni [An kLc dS jkv `g k;D , s , \ , s , q \ , , g; df g hrkg kni krpV hLc ]hIbktuS hLc ]g krkg kni okur kLc dS cr , s , \ \ , s , \ jkv 4g ntke go g henv hylv kt go jrhH ]hd 'nkv ]g hrkt hryp Xr , , w , , s Z T kc jiM 4g Oc SkiNf kdlm e yxjk' d kekeji lb ]g eg kt go jkv 4 T s , s X q s s T s , g kekeji henkv g gj jd k<"k? _k' jkeg 4k;yf jd hg jkdho kd uskg , T s s s s s kekeji sueg 4k;nf jd hg jkdub kd krq'i ueg 4g kykduf krkj k;D ue s s , s g 4g krdl yef Cgu xke Bkd hH kd <jrkiW dlb dr cr rjd Cgu jkd , Z s a s s ho kdlb g FkF; g; g hI;jf g; ~ ~ ~kd ;r d kr'i lb hd henkv eg s , Z , s s q dr ct jkv 4g klgf dS hg kRket hLc hd kv'i 4g 'i henkv jkv 4kd , , \ X q , q , l kg Cgu rho dr tkv g; e rjkH g; ,g 'i henkv 4g; g chdjr hLc s X q , \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 79 egaP

Cgu hH Nd ;kolf d "Qi kd h_ 4kr>l Cgu hH Nd ;kolf d h_ ksd " q s q s w q s Qi 4g kgj >l Cgu hH Nd ;kolf d ;kx s>e ]g k;x ksg Lkl e g krgd g q , w q s q wa a\ T , o 4g Gkl g k/hl 'i dS udfy 94kgj >l Cgu hH Nd jkv >e d ;kx ;k , , q s w q , s q s olf jkv 4g k;x ksg Lkl e df ]k;x yH kukrc e n;k'8 ]kgd u henkv lm , wa a\ T w T s 94ksvkrc Nd q e /acl d kgo ksg kagt er df e /cl d uoht lm g hrgkp kuukt e d X a s a q X a a s wa T f g g; ykol 4g kun kusy k;D llm ksd ;kx [e lm kLks\N8 ]kgd u hui h , , s s Z q s s dlm 4g hrjd r"fkv rgc ]g jnl rgc ]h[n Cgu ue ;kx jnl hurb8 ]k , q , qa q s s T qa gd u henkv lm 4rckc d uoht lm ksvkrc jkv 4g kgj krc rckc d ;kx s s , , s df Bg hukjg hLc lm 94rckc d uoht lm kvkul jkv8 ]kgd u hui lm 94 q , \ s s s q , s g jnl rgc g e;kye hLc hLep hd ;kx lm 4g hgj jp ;kx kst Xe r[ d , q q , q \ \ , s s lki ksg hr[n jkv 4g e te rgc8 ]kgd su tkokv lm 94ksg ksr e te `ksg s , wa X s q X s a kgd ]ksg er kr 2kNv8 ]kgd l h'[ sulm 4krLi Cgu Bk[nf Cgd go k[sn q s s q \ jddkTp u hui 4Sg je dlm dp kg "o dS udfy 4kg k;kv jd Iky ]ksg k s q s s s q s Z s s , ;x uhi ;kp ji rjk,p d jkudf sygi Iuef ln hHv lt g kgj Ni slS go s s s s s , , w s 4Bx ksg ukjg ksr hui cv 94hd tkv g jc[ k;D , , ]ksg hgj jd k;D ]kg hrul 2jv8 ]kgd su rfi jkv ]hLi Bkul tkokv hd r s q s , \ q fi lm dukpv hF hgj Pi jko[v hui >kal dS udfy 4d k{rfi ;kolf kF s \ s s z Cgu hH ;kim Bksd 4kyp Cgu kri Cgu Nd ]Cgu udfy 4cv kx/kl cv ]kx q s s s Z a /kl dil rfi df hgj hr[n gkj tksj hui 4k;x kg "o dS Sg je ksd rfi s s Z q s 4g k;x pgi go kgt Skrc e /cl d uoht lm et lm jkv ]jd ''fkd , qa a a X a a s , s s hd ujd rifkF dil lm g rofht kst nkc d uje go Skt je ygi kt sl s Z a s , s s s s X X e kuksn df kF kvg k;df ;r g; u hui hdlm jkv henkv dS 4g kuql uTe q s , , s 4hy Cgu Pk\v hd [ks/ djd sL[ hGksyGf Bkd s s \ s sukgm ]g lo ]g lt go g Gkl /hl jkpc 'i udfy 4kulG re sl js? d X T s , T s , T s s s q s a s s uhet hje g krgd kt 4g kvg kOc 'i hgo jrhH jkv ]g kekeji eg jkv s , s , q , q , T , ]g henkv eg jk,v 4g ydfe kuLkN uhet pb dS 4kukv re Gjr lb jko , , q s\ a hn hd hLmkc hd ukde je ]kj? kje ]ukde kje ]uhet hje 4g klgf kd kr a ss s s s s , q 'i hlm Rfil rxrDf; 4krdl Cgu Ikac ]krdl jd Cgu j;' udfy 4ksd u a s s en kxn kIg kr Skt rht ]g krdl jgO ksr Skt jkg 4krdl jd Cgu rknc q s s , Z kujgO ksd jlwn sphu dlm g krgj phu d Lk> ltf ]g krgj ji uhet lt s s , s s \ , f go 4krdl jd Cgu rkZnc kukt kv ksd 'i jln jxv ji uhet huikv 'i q s w q 4g gj j? kdlm eg e Xkrk0lf Nv udfsy 4g hgj jd ekd go g Rfozi h T s s s X a s , , 1 d 'i kst go 4g xP dS kd suuc dyfke hH ei 4g krgkp r;dfyke hH ezsi q , a zs , ]u'ti hH ei df g Rfo hd kr'i kst go jkv 4g krdl kg hg Fkl d dS s zs , 1 q , , s s ei g; ]g kr1orfi dS g; 4g e/ rfi g; ]g e/ hui g; df g Sg Skuc zs , , Z , Z T q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 89 egaP

4g kje eJkv g; g kdldf e , s , Jkv g; jkv ]go g gj jd rkc hd eJkv kr g; g k;nf LkN cl ukgm j , T s s , s\ s X , kv 4g urb ekn dlb ]g LdS kl urb uhet g; 4g kvg p[ k;iQ [ky d T s s , \ , s , q Z S e xLVcf lb g rk[nf go kr Skt Bkd hH ct jkv g k;x uc eJkv kL X T s s s , , c ]g k;yf klc jGf cl ukgm e kiW Su udfy 4g k;nf LkN cl ue df g \ , s X X X s , s\ s T T rgd go ]g Snf LkN spc hui ]g k;nf LkN u/ g k;nf LkN ukde 4,g k; s T s\ , s\ , s\ nf LkN jk} j? 4g k;nf LkN cl ukgm 4kF kvg k;x lki d hlk;l dS Te s\ , s\ s X q s a 4Skv ku e ukpg X i go jkv g hrdl rhc hH k;hxntV dsuv hxntV kr Skv ku e ukpgi jxv , T a s X df g el urb rkj d kupaoekv udfy 4g krn jd W' go kun k[k/ h T w s s s s , s q s s H kd suiv 4g krkt y e kupaoekv ]u'lLfGl skd ;ue Arrv nko'nkv s , s X s , q a Z 4xn k[k/ hH kd s X s s uiv Arrv jkv sxn k[k/ hH kd jln eg ]sxgkp kuukt Cgu hH lm eg jh/ s a , X s s s w X s s 7jh/ jGf `g k;D ;l df sxgj rukt eg e ukd hldf ku hldf 4kxSki kg s , X s X s s s s , ld oHl g; 4sxSkiNf kd uiv xaSkcn kd uiv hg eg 4hg eg kxSkiNf ukd a a s s s s s , ]kxSkcn ukd 4hg kd uiv ]g rkiNf kdldf ]g rkcn kdldf ]g rkcn g srk , s s T s T s s T s T iNf ]g rkiNf jH uoht 4g krdl kg <jrkiW 4g hrdl kg rfk e rDf' e T s , s a , s a X d rgc llm g hrxy rDf' hurtf e ukiN lb jkv 4g Cgu <jrkiW kukiN q s , X s q , , a f 4g kvg k;nf eku kd Igkync ueg kd ukiNf jkv ]ekd kd ukiNf g gj j , q s s s , s T s d eg g gj jd ekd hg kIm eg udfy 4jdkg rDe l 'i ]jd Lk?m ]jd T s s s q s q \ ukpgi kd q'i ]Cgu jd dkP\ e k_o kd 'i udfy ]g oHl kukg kekeji s X X s q s , a s 4jdukpgi kd klgV ]jdukt kd klgV ]Cgu jd kiNf kd klgV udf s s s s , y g oHl klgVv 4l <erfv dlm ]jd ukpgi kd lDl ]jdukt kd lDsl a s s s s s ]Cgu jdkiNf kd lDl udfsy g oHl Z;pc 4hxSkt kg BkuOfd cr jkv kxx s s , a z s , s y ukg Idi l kxke Su go 4g krxy ukg Idi e kuil Su go 4g krkt skg s s z s , s s z X X , Wq' kukg Idi e kiW Su go udfsy 4g krdl kt k;kiNf lm e Pkv hd ; s z X X , s X \ Z pc 4g jrhH lDl g jrhH klgV 4hxy iW Su7Su 4hxgj hrkg jgfkt e kn z , s , s s s X X ' Nv7Nv 4hxgj hrkg Idi e krkc Bu7Bu 4hxgj hrkg Idi e kiW Su7 s s s s z X X s s z X X Su hxgj ntke go 4Cgu ;kim kd sukIef kukiNf 4rdl Cgu kIef udfy g sr s w , s s T dl kr kiNf eg e k_o d k'nkv ]e yk[ hd k'nkv jdkiNf kd kr'i lm s X X s X s s q 4g kr'i hgo go xSk , q s a iNf kt jkv xaSkt yp rkiNf kd kcL jrhH d cL jkv p jrhH d p s , s s s s X s s , s `g k;D df Skt kg ydfe kuukpgi `g k;D df Skt kg ydfe kuukpgi d , s q , s q f Xxn jd klS jkv sxSkiNf ]sxaSkiNf kd k;r e k'nkv urdf eyke ku ]kg s s , a s X X s w X e kvkuid hurdf ewyke ku eg 4g Cgu hH Gkl jkv /hl eg udfy 4kr>wl X X , , s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 99 egaP

pb jkp kje 4g Z;kpkjda' kd Ohi kyG e 4g Cgu kr henkv kIke7kIkN Bkd a s wa a T wa s s s s T wa e ]g Qqxrxt e 4kxOc ji hlm e ]Sgfkp ulkglV d ukl je8 ]df kgd u T wa , T s s s s s s hldf 4Sg Cgu htkj kd suOc ji yr hg dS Fkl dS kOkl dfk;D k;nf uk;k q s , X X ; hg jdOc su hlk;l dS7dS ji pe hLc lm udfy ]kxkg n[l kLc kr XO , a a \ s s q \ s c Fkl dS ji pe hg dS hlk;l kOkl df kF kgkp u kyko ujd K; 4sF Sg , a a X s X s q db hlk;l Okl Bkd e K; lm jkv 4kF K; dS kgo 4k;x e e okx dS s a s X , a T X a 4k;x kg uOfd jkv ]k;x kg ydfe jkv kuukpgi e yD' Bg hync s , s q , X q udfsy g hjkt y[ kd krq'i go 4g Bx ync yD' g hjt y[ 4g Oc ji r , s , , s T s , r pM eg ]g kOc ji rr sphu kyko lkLi df g kgj yp kg; go cv 4kF s a , , s \ , a kgj yp kgo go kF kLc ukde kuiv 4kF kIkN ukde kd yko lkLi kgo kF a \ s s s \ a kryp e yD' dS go hjktqx 4y[ kd jkdgv d tkel go y[ go 4Sx kv X s a s s jdLkN k;D udfy 4k;x kv jdLkN cl e df g krgd hH henkv g; jkv 4 s\ s s\ T , , k;x kv jdLkN cl e df g krgd henkv g; jkv 4g kgj yp y[ kd kpc s\ T , , , s X 4g gj yp ni jiM phu 4g hgj yp hIjBkg 4g x T s s , s T s ky hH sphu d rr IkN 4g ji rr IkN kr kOc udfy 4g kvg kOc jduc k s s s , s s s , s , q , /kl7k/hl ydycf Sg Sdf nc [kv 4g kvg kOc jduc kt g; jkv 4g Cgu q q a a , q , s , , henkv <jk/kl Bkd g; 4kF jIufef g; `g ukd g; g rukt g henkv euo s , , T s , z f rgc df gd l kxky hH g; jkv 4Skt kv ji rr IkN jIhIikd kyko ph q s s X s , s s s u 4Skt Oc ji rr Lc g; kr kvkt je ikv ct df g kgj [n gkj hd uj , s \ s s , s s e dikv g; jkv 4g Sg Oc sphu d uhet hlk;l jkv 4g kOc ji rr paM s , T q s , s a , , , s s X l k;lfk;l jlwn udfy 4g kOc ji rr IkN likv g; df g g; kte jkv a s s , , s s s , , 94hxkg Ghydr kr Oc ji rr Fkl dikv g; jxv 4g hgj n rfr kd jk s s s , s , s 1 s dgv dikv kreuof 4g euof kLc henv df g kgj kv kte kLc kdikv `g k a s z , z \ , \ s , ;D go g kgj kv kte kt e kreuof hdum kdikv udfy 4g hgj yp kri sl , s X z s s , rr IkN g jgfkt kr kreuof8 ]kgd sue 94g krOc ji rr IkN k'eg kr s s , s z T , , s s s Oc Cgu ji rr Fkl je hHd ]g henkv euof rgc udfy 4g k;nf LkN cl , s s , z q s , s\ s ulb 4kF lIft kd IkdBkg g; 4g Cgu henkv <jk/kl g; g kvg kOc hen Z s , , q , kv kt g; 4g gj gd klS ikv Syflb g Cgu eyke kdikv8 ]df kgd ukgm s T s s , w s s X 94n krc ikv kr kg rgkp ikv h X s s s H jGf 4g rgc hgo Skt kg kri hg kuiv 4g Cgu rjWt Bkd hd ujd kri , q s , s s s q >e8 ]kgd ue 9`g ukd utl Sg Oc ji rr IkN df g kri kdikv8 ]df s T T , q s , s s , s kgd l>e sukgm g k;nf LkN cl sukgtf g eJkv go kdutf g Qx kt hlk; s q X , s\ X , T q s l Sg sOc ji rr Lc lcl 4F Sg Oc hlk;l jkv ji uhet phu hH d r a q , s \ s s q s , a , s s r lm 4F Sg Oc hlk;l jln ji rr lm 4kF kvg kxy rr kIkN dS p s q s , a s w q s s hu d rr dum 4F Sg Oc ji rr Lc dS go kr k;x uyef lum ct Te s s s q s , s \ s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 001 egaP

jIDkL d hynf go ]hH _ef go 4kF hH kuyt kuyef ]hF hH i'7ix ]kF s q hH kuhi7kuk[ 4hF dOc dS hd kXjIDkL k,l pkai e dki iBkg 4g hrkv yk;[ , X Z , s q >e kuI? dS 4sxy ukul aSkuI? Bd hd kago >e ksr Skv jdIky 4F Sx un s q s q , s a y go uy xkH e lkskad ydLfe dS 4g jIDkL dS ]e hynf g _ef dS jse s s X s T X T s 4g /cl k;D kd _jfp l kXthp ub udfy g uko_jfp rgc ksr eg , a a s s T q `g kagd xky yko uPi <;kekj jkv krhx knk; leg `g kagd xksy yko ug T s s s \ , s T s s d ekj7ekj knk; leg `g kagd xsky syko ukt jnfe knk; leg `g kagd xk s T s a s T s y yko uit kyke knk; leg 2g uhg_jfp knk; leg xgd eg udfy 4g y s s s T s s X s , dfe kutks[ tkel uhg_jfp knk; leg ji hoi tkv 4kxSki ksg Cgu kni g q s 1 , o gd _jfp kdltf lki d rjkH Syflb jkv 4g uhyr e kupoekv rjkH X s s , , X a 4g k;x ksg kekge e 4g k;x kg henkv kjln e ]g k;x ync e df 4,g e [ wa T wa s w T wa T X s ks/ hH d n[ go udfsy g hH dhO kr kun k[k/ ksd jln 4g e [ks/ knk; g s q , s s s s w , X s o 4g Cgu Ii kurb g Cgu lgkl kurb go g kst jjw;G 4kvg kiNf jrhH d , , , s q s _o kvWx 4g dlfgkl jk,v jknukeB dS e kFv dS hH jGf jyIgf udfy s , X s 4g krkt ync j , yIgf Bksd l _o kvWsx 4kxsxy uLi Bk[nf jyIgf kd jrhH jk,v 4kxSkt skg s s \ uhyof en dS kekge ]kxSkt ksg tkjku en dS kekge ksr 4k[n jd[j F s kg hHd ji /d udfy g r[j jlf e ji dlm ikv ct g krkjde kLc ke s a s T s X , s , q \ kge 4g rdl [j Fkg ji /d d kekge hldf 4ikv g rdl [j Fkg ji s/ T s s a s T s ad d Qxrxt hldf udfy ~ ~ ~jkdgv kd jyIgf 4krdl [j Cgu Fkg ji s/ s q s a d d jyIgf Bkd sxLi ujd xk;im hg n' dpl jnkv 4kxLi kugd jj;G a s s X \ s s w s \ sw yg 4jyIgf n gd Bksd df krdl sy Cgu eku Bksd kd jyIgf 4ksg kL[ Fkl s s \ je df kd henkv hldf krdl jd Cgu rkZnc jyIgf ~ ~ ~u Xkxky lt jyIgf ss s s s s , 4g rkc hd hukjg rgc g; 4g hrkt kg Wq' huksg Idi jd yduf l kxke jl , , q , s z s s n krq'i g ry Pkv 'nkv eg dfk;D 4hrki Cgu Ief go g kr'i kst hjkeg w T s s s\ Z X , q 4g ntk,e e kyD' Bu g nwtk,e cl `g k;nf LkN k;D udfy g k;nf LkN cl , w X X , , s\ s , s\ `gd k;D `gd kp X X c `gd lLfybkp ksdlb 4Sgfkp kuksg rr kje jiM pb jkp df g krgd h X s a , enkv klS 4g eH ltf kd ukg Qqxrxt hlk;l dS udfy 4g pc ]g krdl s , z s s s a s T s , kt k;df ke{ ksd kpc um 94g pM likv eg g r[n 4g Lc likv eg8 ] X T s a s T s s T s \ s df g rgd l ikc uiv ji k;ld g rkt ksg L[ pc IkN7IkN 4g rkc rH T s s s X q T s s \ s ss ss , q nv hLc 4g k;ki IN Cgu lub g; kpM df ksg kphu rr pb jkp udfy g \ , w s a a s , k;nf LkN cl sukgb 4dl kt SkOc Cgu db Okl go kyksc hg jdOc dS7dS s\ X s , s , 4yksc jdOc dS7dS ji pe hLc lm df kF ;kim hg dS cr 4kF Cgu ht s , a \ kj kd uOc pM phu l hldf Bksd udfy F Skv Okl 4rr Sgfkp kuksg kpaM s s , s a s s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 101 egaP

X w kjln 4jrhH dlm ]g krksg Idi kekeji jkv g krksg rtlof jh/7jh/ 'i s , z , , s s q ]g q'i kgt 4g krkv 'kdi kago g jkd/v kgt 4g hrksg rIf? rfka jrhH d , a , z , a a , s ltf ]g krksg rjfrkaiW uoht kd rDf; ltf udfy g hH /ks kdlm k;ki j , s , d Cgu ;o kt go 4g /k'rfi 4g tojf 4g kync ]g k;B e un hykx lm g a s , s z , X , , Z X s s , krLi Bk[nf 4g krn Bk[nf kvg krn hykx rgc ksd kjln Syfhlb hnko'nkv \ , s q s q X w Z 4g hrjd ekd k;Rfo hjln Bksd ]IDIVlb hjlwn B T a 1 w a ksd ]kPhi hjln Bkd ]uyt hjln Nd sNhi d Pkv lm 4g hrksg hiNf kr_jfp \ \ w s w q s , n e Pk\v hd krkc hd _jfp udfy g krksg jiM kjkeg _jfp ksr g gj kt sr q X X s , T s uc uko_jfp jk,v g gj kt rikaP jiM kdlm 4g gj jd tkib ksdlm g gj T s s s T s s T s jd rifksjkv kdlm 4g Cgu go klt jkv lm g klt ]g gj jd jkdhov eg s , , , s , , T s g klt go 4g Bx kg W' huyef rfho kd FkF; d ;ue jh/ jh/ e rx , , T s q s Z s q s s X t jkl 4sxn ukg Cgu eg g; g kgj ksg ryx rgc g; ~ ~ ~Pk\v hd _jfp ud s X s s , q fy ]g rgkp hH ku[n df ]ksg gj [n Cgu kr ukgc lb Cgd ksd hro; udfy s T s s s s s s q s 4dS kxkg _jfp hH g; 4g rgkp ku[n eg kdlm s T s s s jk,v g jnl hro; df kxksg _jfp dS hH elm 4ky [n s/hl ksr g ku[n kd , qa q X s s , s s hjnl hlm df gj kt Cgu hH /hl 4ksg gj kt u[n kago e Pk\v hd _jfp u qa s s s s s X dfy ]g kgj kt l kago jkc7jkc ue kd su[n ksd hdLy ukot lm df g Cgu s , s s \ , ksr klS Cgd ]ksg rgkp kusy lj hH kd su[n Sg ryef ksd kXdoq; kn um eqr s s s q s s Xe yk;[ d ukg _jfp lb jk,v uko_jfp lb df g Cgu ksr klS Cgd ]g k; s s s , s , Z B sNhi d sukyc ksd syko lyfi df Cgu kr klS Cgd ]g kgj y kjln Bksd go s q q s s , s w Sgfkp kuyef gr kdk,e kst df g Cgu kr klS Cgd 4kg rgkp kuOc er gx X q , s s s s , q t hd doq; lm Cgd 9`g k;D lj df ]ktks[ ksd lj uiv kLks\F 4kvkt e ue , s s s X uiv8 ]df kgd ue jkv ]l? e ue uiv jIDkL g; jrhH j,kv 4g kjlwn lj s s T , X q X s , 4g Cgu ksr lj Bksd jkv e Lkv hd kruhg_jfp dum ]e L\kv hd ukyc ly , , X \ s X s q fi jkv 4g rkt Sg uk'ji kX;D ikv 4g gj jd k;D go df g ekd kdum g; q , T s q s T s , 94sx>el uhg_jfp ksdikv xksy [n re kago jkc7jkc ]_ef8 ]df kgd e u X X s X kd je ]u pL dS ]u jIDkL d lkLi je ]xy ugd >e ]kxy ukt Cgo ue ss s s s s \ ss s s s q s jkc7jkc 4g Cgu kX;D krdksj ksdub jdkv kyko lyfi Bkd ]g kjc rgc g; ` , q s , q q g rkc k;D g; 4g Oc Sg sykL Fkg e yx suekl d kxky k,l pkai hro; uko , T s, q X s s X s q t dS jk,v do; ukot dS ]g kruhg_jfp k;D g; ]g kruhg_jfp hld kxy q , , , suksg e ue jkv 4sxy su[n l k[kv hNjrf ]srdl Cgu hH [n k/hl ]kxy uk X , s s X a s s t ji pc lm go ue kd ;hrjkH 4kgj Cgu e lk kad ue kd jIDkL _ef jse T X s s 4kXg Sks[ e k;ufqn X jkv hldf lt g Oc uhy ]ykL Fkg e yx d jln dS ]Sdf nc [kv hro; , s , T s, s X s s s w a a q dS jkv doq; dS ji pc dS hd lki Cgo 4g gj yt yef l jln dS ]g , T T s q s s w T gj hi7k[ ]g gj jd i'7ix xky ]g hgj yp dOc g; akgt 4F Sx kago ]hH s T s s , , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 201 egaP

hd hlskLi e uil henkv 4kg k;nf ku kiNf ;el Nv Cgd kd kuekd hd k \ X s s s s ;g hd ikc sultf g ydfe kutk[ kIc klS udfy 4g O> cl go kF kuil , q s s s s , w jv df g rgd jdOm gcl ]e uil g gj jd k;g hd ikc Ic 4g k;yf ki s T s q X s T s s s , Nf jrhH suikv ltf g kgj kg Idi hgo e uil dfk;D g jr;l knk; llm s , s z X s X , s go g r[n ikv jdxkt kt go g gj [n ikv kt e uil8 ]df g krgd uk T s s s T s s s X s , Kofkue cv udfsy 4g O> go g gj [n eg kt e uil df g rpkl hg; eg s , w T s s s X s T s s 4g pl go kF kgd uXkgm e nCu kt , s X s ]g Ow> go g hgj gd go jdxkt kt g hIm rkc 4g pl go g hgj gd jd , , s , , , xkt kt hF O> 4hF kuil kr nCu ]nCu sxgd eg 4g hgj gd k;D go jd x s w s X , kt 4CF Cgj gd k;D go e nCu 94Skt Ldi ku ekdt ]nl >r Cgd ,g Znl r X \ q s q q gc gcl 2kyp jrhH ke8 ]df g hrgd jkv 4g hrN ji d ake huiv hIc 94g q s a , , , w , s s , hn ykL Cgu ykk' Skt xy ku nl Bkv Om hnt hurb ]hIc8 ]g hrgd hPc s , w\ 4g kog hLaO hd gcl g hrkt y[ nCu hd kukn 4g krn xkc kxe hHr 4Tg hg , q , q X s , s a Z q j n k;yfkx kd jln dS e nCu kukn go 4g kr_rji dS uoht kje dr cr s a s s w X X s , a s ]hrdl yef Cgu kr_ro s>e dr cr ]g kntV g; dr ct ~ ~ ~ntke dlb a q , w , s 4g k;nf kuc kIkd kd uoht je ulb 4g ntke hH kg; k;Pfc Iqn , a s s s s , w , a \q df g hrpkl jkv ]l k[kv hy[ h/kv ]g hr[n kgo kd k;Pfc lm Xe nCu g , s , s X a q , s a s \q o 4g Bx pgi e phxc go ]g hnkv hd uyp Xe nCu rkj hH go g Bx y[ , qa X s , s , q nCu hH hd hdL\y hdlm hHr 4g hgj kt Bg hPc e jkv ]Bx hyp ji hdLy wa q w\ T , \ s kr hukot 4Bx kg Iu hukot hje <jkd d In hlb df g hgj gd jkv ]g s s s q , , , hgj n k;yfkx kd hdL\y ukot huiv jkv 4g hgj ykc l jkt7jkt hg Xe nCu s a s , , s s s s jkv 4g e uil go ]g Bx hyp e phxc d Nhi d ukde uiv jkv g Bkv , , X s T X s s s s s , , Om e nCu rkj go 4hF rnkv lm hd uOm Xe nCu rkj ]ke dS 4g kuql uTe X s s a , s 4g krkt kg hrk?ekv hH jkv ekd kdum ]g rjd ekd l kgo jkv , s , T s s a , ]e j/v g rkt jrm e urspv ;r kt jkv 4g Sx kg l'kduv go ,g k; X s s a T s X s , T s s nf jd W' ekd l jrhH sukgm jkv ]g Sx iNf Glf g Sx Cgu ync ;r q s X , T Z T s s s l uy kjp [kv l k;r ]l /s"uf lb d k;r ]l jkdhov lb d k;r df q a s X s s X s s X g g; rkc hd Z;pkv jkv g k;yf uhN okHo kjkl kdlm dfk;D 4g hy uhN , , , X , rDfe hjkl hdlm 4g k;nf jd kL[ kd henkv jrhH d nd lm 4g hn jd h q , \ s s , , L[ nd hd gky dS djd jkdub kd okHo d henkv ueg l Gjr cl 4sl \ , s s s s s s s k"o jktg pki g gj kv yp rjd jkdub eg kd xluf ]kd okHo d ;ue a T s s s s Z s s q 4hxkg Cgu knuV hd dofkHko udfy ]hxkg kuZFki s s s z hdlb kg et kd jrOJ 4hxkg Cgu e ue dlm knuV hd dofkHko udfy g s s s X s s , krdl kg hH jrOJ llb g kgj kg kt g dofkHko hg; df kxukt go 4hr s s s , s s , s dl kg Cgu kuekd hd un Lan ]g krdl kg okHnl dS Syf d u>el kd r s s s , s s s s fFf hd jln rfi dlm jkv krdl kg Cgu /k g hrdl kg kr k;n rfzi d s w z s , s s , s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 301 egaP

ukjd F rPi krhx ]F rul rkc hd e/ 4sF Oc rka' kukn hHv henkv g; q s s \ s s q X Z s, X s 4ksdlb kjN ksjke g ngV g; df ]g ukeyle g; df xn kcn unx hd henkv q , w , q s X Z d yxc ikv jkv g k;x ksg kxn eyfe wngV df jgkc Skt yp kri hHv ud s , , a q fy kgj kcn Cgu unx hd hldf Bksd ]kgj Cgu jke kd hldf Bksd 4g Sg sOc s Z s T q , l okH dlgVv urdf kag; eg hHv ~ ~ ~Skt yef kdk,e Bksd df hF hgj jd s s k{rfi klgV jk,v ]hF klgV jrhH ]hF jiM cl rkc hd klgVv go 4Bx ksg kn z X i l kagd g; 4k;x kv l kgd ykxsk; kd klgV en dS jGf kF kgj jd rkc , s s a X hd klgVv 4g 'n kld g; 4kLi kuy> [An knk; hH l k;g ksd Xkxky kLks\jd , s , \ s q s s X jk,v Bg k;g hd kxksy [ky ln Bksd ]de kji k;x cL e klgV jk,v Bkv q X q w w X hnktkv jkv 4hd u k;Ffkl dum jkv su ht h/kax rkc hd klgVv hurdf e u , s X s , X krngV 4aSkt kg Idi jk,v kn LN kjt 4aSkt ksg Idi j,kv ksn LN kjt ]kxgj q s z s s\ z s\ s jk;r henkv dlgV jrhH 4hxgj hre? jiM klgVv ]hxgj hrdjl jrhH klgV , s w s 4kxn Lks\r e klgf kn ksd orDf; uro kd klgVv l jiM ksr g jrhH klgV s X X s Z s , 4krkt ksg Cgu dlgVv Bksd l uIN d kthp Nd s s w s X q udfsy ]g hrdl IN Xthp Nd kr Skt ksg dlgVv Bksd 4krdl ksg Cgu dlg T w q s Vv Bksd l uLkN jkgklke udfsy 4g rkc hjln go ]g krdl IN jkgklke ksr s s s\ a , w , w a Skt ksg Bksd dlgVv 4Skt ksg dlgVv Bksd l uLks\N jkgklkae Bksd df g Cgu s s , rkc hrl hurb kuksg dlgVv 4xkvkt ksg dlgVv ]ksn LkN jkgklke g klgV j s s s\ a , rhH ]ksvk[ re kuk[ rkj kvhi jd ukN huki g klgV jrhH ]ky Pks\v klgVv s , s l jgkc g klgV jrhH kF g; ;kim go jk,v e rjkH k;df xk;im ueg kst k s , X s s F ;kim dS kd ujd jkdub ksd eg lb 4g eg hgo ]g IDG kjkeg go ],g ; s T , , r kjkeg go g k;kcn ueg go krjrm Cgu l ukelkv Cgd henkv kIm go , s s 4g krxy uksg Idi l jrhH henkv kIm ydycf `g krkt ksg k; , s z s q , D df krLi Cgu >el 4g hrLi ewyke hrkt ks[ en dS go g h/kl kr/kl I \ , \ , q s ? lhck,p /kl kt go e nCu dfk;D g krxy jL rgc l nCu ]g rjL sl uy a q s X X , q s T s s s nCu /kl Syflb 4g r[n uil d uksg h/kjiv /kl udfy ]d uksg /kl uil q T s s s s s q s s s q s g rdl [n kr h/kjiv 4g gj jd hgo e uil hlk;l7/kl 4g k;df Xe ux T s s s T s X s a q , s kt u k;h/jiv kt sxkXg hgo go kr 4S[fn uil d k;lfk;l7/kl 4g gj jd s X s s s s s X a q T s Idzi ksd ue Sg iNf jkeg dfk;D g jr;l knk; l ;l rxkt jkeg uil q s s X T s z s s 4kxy uyp ji nji d Rpf jk,v k;x ksg Idi go kF kcn jrhH kst g s s s z o kr k;x ksg yFf'f Rpf ]k;x ksg kyhP <_;uf ]k;x kg kyhP ykId kdikv s a s s a jkv 4Sx ksl ikv ct k;ki kdke ulm 4g k;nf kcn ksd uil ulm 4g kiNf C , , s , s s , gd kuil go 4g k;kv l jrhH kuil go 4g krksg Cgu kni l ukelkv kuil , s , , s s kr hrksg hgj hnkokuu e urspv kuekd Bksd jxv hd uxkH jdy ksd h_ hd X s s hlkLi udfsy 4g kuil cl g; g rkc k;D cl g; 4g k;x xkH jdy kd h_ X \ , T X , s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 401 egaP

]ksvkt jH l k<? ]ksvkt kg h/ks ]kvkt ksg dlgV df g kgj gd g; e8 ]df s 1 s s wa T g cyre g; k;D kdlb udfy 4kukpgi lm g henkv Arro kst go ]g ZFkF , s s s , q , ; ]g ;r kst kd henkv 2ksjd nc lkodc hd k'nkv g; go jk,v g hjWt ku , a , y [j e yk;[ _l kjlhr g; ksr g hun rDf;Hfv hji huiv ksd kZtM Bg h s X w , s w q iN huiv ksd rjkH jxv 4g kun et ksd kHrfi ksd rjkH jxv 4g Bx gc j q , s z , dksg L[7L[ ]<h{7<h{ kHrfi hjkeg jk,v 4l kHrfi hg huiv g uky eg uk a a z s z T s X /kel `kxn ufe ukd `"f+ uk,d `nso uk,d `kron ukd `ukoxH ukd `kxsn s q , s , , uk,d uk/kel kd kXvk;el kr ksg ku kHrfi jk,v ]kg rlfdof ld kHrfzi ksr s z s s , Skt ksg Iu rDf' jkv ]g rn jd Iu ksd rDf' jdLy e likv L[ d n[ , T s s \ X a s q ksr ksg ku kvg kLq\t henkv dS jkv 4g Cgu henkv dS kvg kLt gd hIytof q , , q q\ X Lfb ]Cgu hIyfofLfb gd orDf; eg kdltf ]orDf; kjgdb lki d rjkH a a X s s 4g kvg kIc e kLdI hg jrhH uiv henkv , q X X \ q s dS7dS Sg Ic e ukrdfki jkv ukrngV hg jrhH eg gj rLy hg sl uiv q s X , q s s \ s eg 4g Syf k{'f hd uL\y hg l suiv eg jrhH dfk;D g rdl hg Ly Gl T s s X T s \ Z f eg 4g krdl Ly l ukeyle ngV 4g krdl Ly l yko uyksc hngV jx ky , \ s q w , \ s s s , ko suyksc hngV ]g krdl L\y l hrkjtx hOkje ]g krdl Ly l ukeyle ngV , s q , \ s q w 4g rdl hg Ly eg g rdl jd jgkc eg hgo g k;df T s \ T s , jrhH uiv kt sueg eg dfk;D g rdl jd hg loof eg 4g k;x ksg deku s s X X T s a , t1lv 4g k;x kg oIfSfuv kji kd kji jgkc Syflb Ski jd utl jkv Nd , s w w 1 , q go ]Ski jd ISf jkv Nd go df hrki pc Cgu rDf' hurb ]tuS hurb s , q ]ktM hurb lki dlm 4g krkt skg Iu hg jdLy l a;o rDf; 4k;nf kuc Z s , \ s uen kd jlwn dS ksd kXlgf kuksn jkv k;nf Ikac e Xklgf kn ksd rDf' hd r q s X , X s Df; dS7dS ueg 4e kLdI h/ksjof jkv e kLdI kn k;nf Lks\r ksd orDf; s X X \ q , X X \ q s s ueg jk,v ksg kdb ]ksg dS orDf; u'zsxhIb Sgfkp Syf d kHrfi 4hxuc / s z s ksjov e lkdof d kHrfi kFo; Bx hikF hrnjct hd gjr lb hg rpfuf X s z s 4g kync Cgu henkv kd jrhH jkv g hy i , , T s kF Xthp l jiM su rfl ltf 4g hd hL[ rfl hL[ki dS hd "o jktg s a , \ a a Z pkai gjr hlb su rjkH jk,v 4kF ukd jrhH df yp ku kri jk,v g hrdl jt , s , x hH hxntV 4g kFo; df [k/ g; 4g hxge rgc kFo; g; 4g kFo; Mk q , s s , a q , yp ekd g; 4g gj kiNf jd Pkv _o d k'nkv Nv7Nv ]_o d kn' N T s s\ s s s s X s v7sNv jiM eg kd joukt hyxat lm jk,v g kvg kOc joukt hyxt jrhH s , q , a ]g kvg kOc /ks jrhH ]g Bg hOc k<? jrhH ]g Bg hOc klgV jrhH `g k , q , , q , 1 , q , , vg kOc uk,d jrhH 4k;x kv jgkc henkv kd jrhH dub Sx ync henkv g; q , s 4k;x s kg kxn eyfe ngV df kyp kri dukpv 4F L[ Lkt Fkg e ntfe ]F rP\i a q w s s \ s s\ X s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 501 egaP

4g rkoWq' hd Igkync 4g rkoW' hd rfk ]kuy ukpgi e kruu h , , q a s X dlm kuy [n lm `e g kld 4g e kl,t ]Cgu 'nkv kjse kt ]Cgu kuid hj s s s T wa , wa T Z s s s e kt ]g Arro e kt ]ku[sn lm jkv kun kjxf l Fkg uiv kd kvkerfi hg wa q T s s , s s s s X z huiv 4g Cgu hH Nd jkv uOfd knk; llm ]<ieJ knk; llm lvLkv kn , q , s Z w s qZ k; llm 4g k;pir eku kd uL[ d kvkerfi hd jkdgv hg uiv reuf ; s , Z a s X z a s a o 4g krgd k;pir e hg kdlb 4eg g rki kIt Cgu regf hurb 4g kukt wa Z T s T s q , s s s u[n kd kriWd hylv jrhH ]kxLi kuLkr kd kerfi lm cv 4g Te hg; d q s \ s\ s z wa f g kgd u jkdgv jkeg ]g Sx kg hnkv eg d uk[nf jd[n kd kerfzi lm , s a s T s s s s s 4g , h[j kuc jnl hLc ueg kerfi jkv ]g hyv rgc eg 4g iWd Lc eg jkv qa \ s z , , q , q s \ , , g jnl hLc kt g h[j kuc kerfi dS huiv e jkdgv uiv ueg dfk;D g qa \ s , z X a s s X , Z w Z <i k;pir rgc 4g <wiId rgc ku[n kd ;o df g g; BkuOfd go jkv q , Z q s s a , , ]l su[n kd ;o 4g hrdkj BkuOfd hgo g BkuOfd hg dS udfy 4wag e kt ] s s s a , s , s T s g e kgt kgo g hukt sy [kv 4hxkg ld Igkync ]kxkg ld <jrkiW kgo k; wa T a a , a s s , s s , a a x kg jkd/v kgt jkv 4k;x kg jkd/v kgo g Cgu uk; ]g Cgu u'Iv kgt s a a , s a a , , X a 4k;x kg kj/v kgo g Bx Ig jtu sl kgt s s a a , a 4g Bx Ig jtu l kgo g e kt jkv ji ;ofH g hxy kgo jtu 4kxSkt yef , s a wa T s , , a {ke e et syxv ]e et lb yd Cgu tkv ]e kxMkt kg kekeji yd Cg s X X T a s u tkv 4g hgj jd ekd jrhH [n kucf klgV ]klgV jkv ]e kxaMkt kg dlgV , s s , X s v ]klji yd e ;ofH ]xkv ji 'nkv g gj [n eg 4g Bx Ig [kv sl kgo X X s Z T s s , a a g eg kt jkv ]g Cgu eg kt ji Z'nkv g hxy [kv hjkeg ji 'nkv 4,g k; T s , T s , a Z nf jd kji ekd g; su nkoZ'nkv jkeg jkv 4g rdl gj 'i eg dr hHr ]k w s , T s q s g hLi ku ji lm hu'kj hd [kv ]kg k;x ku kukt ]kg k;x ku kukpgi ]kg l \ s a s s s Bkuxdjfuv ]kg ukuv ]kg uktuv 'i dr ct g rdl gj dr hHr eg 'i s s a s q , s q 4g krgkp kugj Cgu ]g k , , rdl gj Cgu 'i hH Bkd dfk;D Bx kg rkoW' hd urojfi jrhH je jkv g q s X s q Z s s , T 'i g; ]kukpgi ue df kKHfrfi g; u'ufxdj g; ]ukpgi g; g krgd sl q s T z wa ikv e jkv g 'i kje g; df hd tk[ jrhH uiv ue ]kukpgi jrhH uiv T , , q s s s s T s s T ue ]Cgu kvg kgd kd jkv hldf Cgu kvg kul 4g klgf kd 'i dS u'uefk q , q q , q s s L g; kje ]r;dfyke g; hje ]/k g; kje ]ei g; kje ]k<? g; hje df s s s s zs s 1 s kukpgi g; sue hg l,t 4k;x kg Wq' urojfi hg rukpgi 4k;x kg W' uroj T s s Z s s q Z fi jkv g q'i e k'nf lb e df sy ukpgi g Cgu kujd jkv Nd y [n Gl , wa X T , , q s s Z f ]g 'i jrhH dlm e k'nf lm7lm df y [n jrhH uiv henkv Bkd jxv , q s X s s s s 4g rkg W' urojfi e <jrkiW Xelb ]kjk} d ukpgi hg T s s q Z X a s hurm sxukpgi eg kurtf lb df g kgj gd g; e dfc ]Cgu kvkt kg 'i X s wa T s s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 601 egaP

kdho kd ;Fr d ;que 4g Ow> reufo ]g O> dS L[ki dfk;D 4hrdl u s , , w a X c Cgu defk;kv hH hHd rfl hL[ki udfy 4g ;l dS dxfS dfk;D ]g a a s , z X , hrdl uc defk;kv hHd ku hHd rfl dxfS df g krgd likv e jkv a z a wa s T , 4g hL[ki rfl hjkeg jk,v g dxfS rf , a a , z a l hdum ksr 4g Iksigf rfl hjkeg jkv 4g Ill rfl hd epfi g krg a , s a , , s a a wa kp kugd likv e 4g defk;kv hjkeg 4g dxfS rfl hd epfi df g g s T , , z a a T s j gd n[ xky d epfi ]ks[n df g rk>el ksd kxky hlk;l7q/kl d ukrqn q s s s T s X s a s gV hd hou;kL rkc g; g dxfaS rfl hd epfi 4Sgfkp kuy jd dhO eH , z a s z kuiv kd hou;kL kr 4g yoif rfl hd cji df ksg eH g; n;k' ksd ho s s , z a w z u;kL 94g rfl dzxfaS 4g jpd Ill rfl hd epfi8 ]df g kgd u ho , a , s T a , s u;kL 4xkXg un Lks\N L[ki d Z'nkv udfy ]g hrdl ksg Idi kHrfi hd rjkH s s s a s s , z z 4g hrksg Idi e 'kdi ji huiv kHr , z X z sw fi kgt 4g krkt ksg /yim ksd orDf; Su dS go ]g krjtx kst sl ir l z a , , q b jkv ]g ir ]g xk; kun Lks\r ksd kXvkerfi hO> hg huiv ]reuf hg huiv , , , s z w ]g k;pir g ku/kl ]kutk[ ]kuukt ]kuukpgi ksd kr'i lb 4g rkt gj hg , Z , s q T s q T s 'i 4g rki pgi Cgu dr kekeji eg Syflb 4g kekeji eg df g Sx Oc qa T T , jduke ksd uiv eg 4krdl ksg Cgu {o hHd thc go kr g {o e df Skt s 1 s wa 1 T Oc jduke kd suiv thc Bksd jxv jkv ]g kuokHl hlt hd ukv d {o sl , s , , a , s s 1 jrhH d thc ]kuksg keeji 4g ;r krq'i 4'i go g udfy ]g Ifhy'Ii ] s , q , s , s sq hdlm g kuokHl 4Cgu g ]g krdl ksg kekeji ;ue 4g krpgi dr jk} d , a , , q , qa s c rDf; l rfk hdlm ]l Igkync hdlm ]l <jrkiW dlm ]l uukpgi ] z s a s s a s s s s s l uukt lm ]g kt e 4kxSkt kg Cgu c Bksd l ukjgkn g; g egc Te ]Cgu s wa s T s z s s s wa z 4krdl ksg Cgu /yim kd ;l Bksd jdkjgkn ]kxksg k[k/ s s s lkoof g; udfy g hg; e df kxSkt Oc lkoof g; jh/7jh/ rkjgkn7rkjg s wa T , s s s s s s kn ]ksgj rkjgkn kdlb ]ksgj rjd Ihijf ksdlb ]jrhH uiv ksgj rkjgkn g; 4 s s s s s s s g 0c ]0q' ]g qHi ]g kekeji 4g c nuknl pl nl e 4g c e 4efv k wa q wa z wa wa z a T wa z T c egv df kgj rkjgkn 4ksgj rkjgkn kdum djd nc [kav gcl jkv 4ksy j z . s s s s s s s a q , d FOd upo d n"ufim krhx ]kPi krhx ]kPi n"ufim g k[j >el cyre a s s \ s \ , ueg l ukK ekv udfsy 4g rjd rkc d/fkZol hd ukK ekv eg if|; ]g s s T s X T gj ht e ukKv ekv eg jkv 4g ek<jfi kd ukKekv dS et kd kHrfzi s X , , 4g k;x Om jiM d hrkup jk,v 4g k;df k , s , q , uekl kd hrkup 4g k;df jkdho kd hrkup ulb dfk;D kxksg hyk'kHrfi rD , q , s , q s X z f; k;u g; hxksg rlfdof 0fc 4g k;df xk;i kd 0fc ulb dfp ]kxksg uke q , s z q s wa 0fc rDf; k;u g; Cgu hxIc e likv rDf' dfk;D kxkg hyk'rDf' g rDf; q s X X s , k;u kt g; 4g krxy suksg kni rDf; k;u dS 4g krkt kg W' et kd rDf s , , , s q ; Su dS hg l,o 4g krkt su[n kd ;o jrhH uiv rDf; Bksd hg slt jkv s , s s a s , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 701 egaP

Sx je go df g rkuGn Syflb ]sF jc go df g rkuGn Cgu Syf lb gm T s s q T s X eg ]g rkt je krif3rkc hygi ]Sgfkp husy >el rkc uhr kn e /cal lb T s X s X a 4g Cgu kNv hH Nd e rhrv k;D , q X ]g ;sk; usn LkN hg rhrv kjkl k;D ]kF ryx hg rhrv kjkl k;D df ]g kN , s s\ , wi u _ef dS 4Tg sNi u k_ef ui l rgc ji jk/kv d kvkpp hd kunf rhc s q s X z s q s X Z X s ]uekv ;if jse . z s u ZlkdLf a s k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf dkI a w tk[ hd rjkH Su s s s k'kv

4jd jkdho ek<i kjse X z 4g krjd ek<i kd kekeji Oc jrhH slcl wa z s s , e rv jkv 4g rgfzxuv rgc llm ]kul l ei jkv rfk' hurb kd krkc hjse X a , wa q q s q s zs , a s X 4g rfk , a ekv ukK ]g rk?ekv ukKv 4g hIho hd llLflkI kd <erfv kuukt 4g , , X , Zxke kd <erfv ukK jkv 4l <erfv dlm l lXLlkI ]jdukpgi ]jdu , s s s kt kd 'i ]Cgu jdkyOq> ]jdkyH kd 'i udfy 4g Iduf jnfe kd kekeji s q q s q s , a 4Skt pgi dr kekeji jkv sOm sl qa , q 'i ;ue unf dS dfkr 4kxLi kujd [eum jkv hd jxkl lb ]kd kjk/ l q s \ q s s s b kxLi kuLkr 4g krdl kg Cgu l "krl lb 4g rgj rtk[ "krl kd uiv s \ s\ , s s s a T s s s s a s s djd nc [kv 4g O> ]g O> ]k;ke k;ke kd cl lb djd nc [kv eg jk s a a , w , w s s a a , v 4g hrkt hyp hryG /xn ]g hrkt hyp hrkg hdb nkoe ]g rkt yp srP , , q , s T s s c ok? ]hjkehc ]g krkt kyp krPc xkj 4g hrkt hyp hrPc hxnx 4g krkt \ , \ s , \ a , krLl g krLl ]Cgu krpgi Cgd ]Cgu kryp ]Cgu krLkn kt g Sx uc kjcL \ , \ qa ,\ s T dS eg kr gj dkj kd krjfl hd kHrfi hd rjkH jFi uhr g; jxv udfy s X s s s z s ]xy uLkn Gjr hd jxkl krjfl hd rjkH go 4kxSkt kg rDe rkJ kd kH s s ,\ s q s rfi hd rjkH kr aSkt Ig jFi uhr g; jxv 4kgd ue Syf d ukg rDe sl z s s T s s s q uhr ub l 'nkv jkv l kjiji ]l u;kyi e k_l uhr ub ]Xe kunf uhr ub s Z , s a s X X w X 4g Sx dIH eg g rkt dIH eg kr ]Skjp [kv ]jd ku T T s s a q a X jkdhxv eg lm ]kg kngc hg kurdf go ]kg iWd hg kurdf go ]kg uu hg a s s q s s q s kurdf go 4g hjWt hun rfho <ijfi eg kd ;Fr d ;ue kr g rgkp , s Z w X s s q s T s kupgi dr ;l d ;ue eg jxv 4g gkj hd ukt y dr ;l d ;ue 4j qa s q , s s s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 801 egaP

4g ku[j rpfao ksd uk; l kago ]g rdl kt eg kgt , s T s a hg rpfuf ]kukdIv ksd uk; kago rdl kt Cgu eg kgt jkv 4g krLi hg s a , , \ xkv knl ksr kukt 4krdl Cgu hg kt Bksd ksr Nhi dfk;D 4g Cgu jdufkg hg s s X , kj/v kago g dp yp eg kagt 4g kukt kagt Sgfkp kuksg kago 'kdi 4g kukt s a T s q , z , kagt kxksg kj/v sxkv jkv 4hxLi hu'ksj ji rkj lm g hgj Lm y/ ]Nhi hx s a , s \ s , \ w s [n sxkv hLkx hxyp 4sxkXg sxy Gjr hd sNhi IBky dlm df kxksg g; <{y s s \ s s dS elm kr Skuc jkd ;hrjkH 0' eg jxv g rkuc e ydu hdum eg j X s a q T s X ,kv 4g hruc e epfi jkd ksr go 4kg k;nf kxy IBky Nhi e jkd hldf slt T X X s s X , 4hr[n Cgu Gjr hd s s xkv g; jGf 4g hrkt ksg IBkykji jh/7jh/ unx Bg hLe Gjr hd Nhi g; T , s s Z q q\ s dfk;D g dkujr[ rgc kugj kPe ji Rpf hg kyhyekj jk,v ]kugj r[sn hg X , q \ s kyhyekj jk,v kukt dW Sg r[n hg kyhyekj udfy ]g rHnv ]g jnqal rqgc q s s s T q T ekj jxv ]g Cgu kjc ku[n kyhyekj 4g gj [n kyhyekj pc jkeg ]pc , q s T s s s s s jkeg jkv ]e ;ofH Rpf kdum 4g gj jd Skuid hurdf eyke ku Syf d s , X T s a w s <kZeuf d ;ofH syko ukv go ksr kNi l kXpc d kdhjev jxv 4g gj kuc s s s w s s T s kutks; Syf d uklc ka;hrc ji nkap go kr kNi jdkt l kXpc d lW jxv s s s s w s s 4g k;x jd kni aSk/oflv e uoht d ukero jkv e <keu , , q X s Z , X Z f d ;ofH Rpf kvg k;ks[ e k;hre lb hdum 4F eg kagt udfy 4g Cgu s q X X 1 s s T hHv eg kagt dl pgi kago eg dfkr ]kg Ifn hjkeg ji kXrkj um g eg akg X qa s 1 T t 4F hHd g Cgu cv kgt ]jGf krdIH ku ji kXrkj um kjkeg ue ]Skt hg s , a s a jtqx eg l kago ]g gj jtx eg l kagt df g Fv kje 4dl [n Gjr hd ; s T s q s , Z s X s ofH eg dfkr g Fv kje kr ]Syf d un LkN ksd rhrv g krgd e ct kr , Z s s s s s s\ wa T s 4g dkujr[ hg rgc ku[j jd kpc7kpc , q ji yr d ue lm 4Sgfkp kukg Fekl kd ujd knof hH ksr g krksg [Aqn 4S s s s Z s , gfkp huksg regf hd ujd knof eg lm kdp je kt 4g kdp je kt ]g Cgu s X s q s , q s , cv kt g Fv kd rhrv 4g krkt kg ydfe kuIG jdv kd uoht Su kr S s , Z , s q w q a s a kt ksg hdb e j? X'ky hg 'ky 4kxSkt ksg kuk[yxki dS j? go 4xy jd X X s X k;gekv k; sxaSkt ksg yxki hg l rksg kn,i ksr xkXg hH kni pc jxv jkv 4 s s s , s , kxSkt ksg ydfe rgc kuksg kni kd kpc Su e j? lm kr 4x[j e j? eg q q , X X s s X X s kd 'ky hdlm kkxSkt je hH kt df y jd ;r klS xky d j? hldf jxv s X s s s 4g krkt ksg uOfd jk,v oHlv et kd Su <jkd d >ksc d k'ky , a s s X um 4hH hrLl g hrkg kni hH /xn l k'ky um 4g gj ksP ji jlf uiv ksd \ , s , q s X T s s Xk'ky hd rhrv eg l iW dlfuke udfy 4g Cgu cv kt ]k;x je go df g s s , s , ZFv kd rhrv 4g hjWt ku[j e j? hH ksd 'ky Bg hje hdum 4Sgfkp Cgu , X q kukuGn gm kr ]F sNv rgc krif df krkv Cgu ugd g; hH Bksd jkv 4g X s s q s , T
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 901 egaP

]e /cl d rhrv g hrjd nk; go g hrkt ksg hPc ekd kt 4F unf jnqal r X a a s , , w\ , s s gc df kxgd jk,v kxjd nk; hd uipc jdksg kPc kpc hg; udfy 4g rgc q s s w\ s , q kst hd uyef kdlm g krjd ''fksd go g krkt kg Rf; el jdy hLN e F s s , , s s s \ X kg jdkxy Ne hH kpc kIksN kr kOrfi hLc ]rdkr hLc ]<jk/klv rgc hu wa s z \ \ q kot ]g krksg eyke <jk/kl rgc uipc ksd kXpc Sgfkp kuksg kri8 ]kgd uTe , w q s 94kF kgj ew? ji dLl gcl jdkxy Syf d gkd Ne g; 4g Cgu kri eg8 ]kgd u krif d \ q s s wa , X s s um 4kyef l krif dlm jgikn ]kF rpfjfi e l krif dlm 94g kgj jd k; s s s T s s , D r g;8 ]kgd sue 4Cy ykduf Ne huiv l hnt ulm 4k;x Nhi sdlm Te ] w T wa s s s k;x iNf sNhi d hLk\> ]k;x kjc? en dS k[n >e 4kF kgj yp ji rkj Sg s s s q s q Skxy jd nhj[ e sukv kn Ne hl7hIkN ]Sg Syf hLN e Fkg kpc kl7kIkN X s wa s q \ X s dS 4kF kgj kt l lki d lGfkvIksi ]ksd jl kyduf ue? e gcl unf dS s s , s w T q 4g gj jH l Ldv hd uksg Lc jdh T s s \ s s \ i lm go 4g yclf kd suksg Lc Ijxlf 4g gj [n rhi Ijxlf ksd kLc go ] s , s \ s T s s s s X \ g kgj kv nukv rgc e suhi Ijxlf df g gj hi Syflb Ijxlf pc df kup , a q X s T s s s s kl re g; 4g gj hi Ijxlf jdiNf e k;yfx jkudf d kXrkj pc IkN7IkN T s s X X s s s ss ss 4g hgj Li eyke nukv rgc hukot df g kgj Li Bk[nf Xg , \ w a q , \ m dfk;D ]aSkt kg ukot cd df g sxy e ''fksd lb rDo ji pc 4g kgj sn X s T X sw s , nukv rgc uipc df kxgd Cgu kpc Bksd skNi l kpc 4g r[j nk; ksd n a q s w s X T s [l 4g rn kdjl e j/v eg lm 4g Cgu rkZnc n[An ksd jkdgv jkeg 4g q T s s X ss a s , q a s , krksg kdp yH n[An g hrLi Bk[nf kjk/ hcy dS hd n[l kr g sr[n jd q w q , \ q s T s Ik,y ct e nkc g rkt yp rjd nk; ksd n[l g rkt yp ryH eg ksd n[ X T s s s q T s s s w An rDo ji g kryp okup dS 4g krsy ktl ksd n[l henkv g krn Ls\kN ksr q sw , q , s a q , s ksd n[An udfsy 4g krksg kdcl kl,t kF uipc <jk/kl hg klo uipc go ]g q , , , kry kuc uil ]kry kuc e<o kurb go cv kd kXrkc hd uipc utf jkv s s s s , 4hF Cgu n[ql hurb go cr kF ukot go ct df 4g krki n[l kLc kd k;rfe hd hukot , q \ s X 1 utf jkv 4g krgj kr[n k;rfe hd rhrv jdIky Nhi go krgkp Cgu ku[ , , s a 1 , s s n ksd rke 4g rk,e xkv d Pc ]g Cgu ;ofH Bksd xkv d Pc dfk;D 4Sx r , , s s s w\ , s s s w\ X hc kt hukot ]uipc g krgj kr[n Gjr hd rhrv djd nc [kav ji ld s , s s a q ekjkv huiv jdOc henkv kPc g henkv kPc dS ]krkg Cgu rhrv Bksd Nhi , w\ , w\ s s s dlm 4g kr[n Gjr hd ;ofH kpc go 4g krksg kni kpc dS 4g <jkd , s , , T dufkKokue Nd Nhi d sukuc sNhi d kX;ufkgd ub g Bkuc k;D ka;ufkgd g; , s q s s s T X ueg udfsy 4g Sg Skuc ka;ufkgd eg hurtf Cgu kF hHd jnl kurb rhrv s T q qa g; ]g rjd rkc eg kst hd sukg ;kjekj ]hd uksg tS uLkx hd ukg x; < T s X s s s s s s q Z o d rhrv ]g rjd eg kt ukx<qx kurb kd rhrv g; rkc hjln ]rkc dS s T s s w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 011 egaP

4jksp kxksg k;x yef henkv nkv dS df r>el eg ksr ksjd re hjksp df kr s ksg kgd jkc nkv dS e ykl lhykp u jhokge jxv jkv 4ksjd re hjksp df X s , s s F gj k>el kdum F Cgu jksp skt ]ksd kxky Nv 4g; jhokge F gj k>el s s X s s s s ksd kxksy udf kvk[ ed ]ksvk[ re knk; 4g thp hjc e;lv ]k/kl e;al d X s , q a s f gj rk>el hg; dr ykl lhykp dr ek' l gcl jhokge 4ksd k;efnkv N s s s q X s v g rk>el kdldf 2ksjd re hukeBc 2ksjd re klgV 2skykc re O> 2ksjd T s s s s w re hjksp df g rk>el ksd kxky dr ek' l gcl 0c df g krgd Syflb T s X s s q q wa 4g krgd l <jkd Nd 4g krgd k;D e klS kr wa s q wa X T s s Cgu kri Nd e jcrlf eg ct df xgd ikv `g krgd k;D 4kxksg kgj Cg q X s X wa X u kNv rgc go df g krgd e 4kgj Cgu nk; eg henkv ekv kd uket lm q wa T X s 4Sx gj nk; jhokge ]Sx gj nk; 0c 4kxksg kgj Cgu kNv rgc go df Cg q q u kri hH Nd eku kdlm kF ;ue jRo kst go jkv 4Sx gj nk; ekj 4F x q q 1 , s s ky sNv urdf 4xq; kd ekj ];kj ekj g rgd eg g hrkg knl yH hgo 4sF s T s , s w xky Nv surdf x; h/kx sxgd go 4k'eg xgj rjd hryx xksy jkv ]xgj s s q a X s s X s , s X kntV e lkgrfb d uidrfi jkeg h/kx udfy 4kun kuy k;D kjkeg sl h/kx X s z s a s s s a 4g krdl hH ksg /cl Bksd kr l lkx ]Cgu /cl hH Bksd sl h/ , a a s s s , a a kax kjkeg ]eg jkv 4F xky sNv rgc df kxSkt k;yf ;<uf e /cal jkeg , s s q Z X a s ji nk; hd h/kx jkv 4sxaSkt yH cl eg ]hxgj nk; hd h/kax udfy `/cal k a , w s s a ;D l h/kax kd kxky d uket lm ]xky d uket lm jkv ]kXg gj Nv urd s X s s s s s s , s s s f xky d uket lm 4henkv kNv kurb ]h/kax xgd xky nkc ykl jktg kn s s s s X s s jkv 4sx[j nk; dr ykl jktg kn eku kd h/kx udfy ]kx[j nk; Bksd ksdik , X s a s s v ku ]kx[j nk; Bkd >e ksr ku nkc ykl jktg kn l tkv ]tkv lt df g s s s q s s s , , hgj ksg g; go jk,v 4g hgj kg yH ddkr rHnv rgc dS ]rkc hjlhr jkv , s w q q , 4g rgj r[n jdIky Nhi ]g rgj rk>e T s s s , s T s s l ksd ue d Iky sNhi go 4d jkd/v ;kolf krLi Bk[nf Cgu hH Nd e ; s , s a \ q X ofH jgkc 4g k;nf ks[ ueg lgkl jkv kre{ hd ujd <kZeuf ksd ;ofH df , s , s g g; <jkd kd u[n Gjr hd sNhi 4g Bx rhc k;ufn jnl rgc Nhi df g , s s , q qa q s , Cgu g; <jkd kd u[n Gjr hd Nhi g; 4g kr[n Gjr hd Nhi hH tkel 4 s s s , s s g k;x ksg kPc hH tkel df g Bx I? kuI?qn dS e rjkH udfy 4kxksg Cgu , w\ , Z X s kPc hHd go kg ukot knl ksr tkel dfk;D 4g Cgu rjWt hH Bksd hd uksg w\ s X , s kPc ksr ksd tkel udfy ]kxSkt ksg ]kxksg kPc ksr jhj' 4g krdl gj ]g krd w\ s w\ , , l ksg ukot dr <{ rje ue kd henkv 4g Cgu krZ;koufv Bksd hd uksg kPc s , s w\ ksd ue d henkv 4kxksg kPc hg jhj' hH jGf udfy ]kxLi kuksg kPc ksr ksd s w\ s s \ w\ henkv dS7dS 4g kuI?n kuksg kPw\c kd ek,d ]g dofkHo kuksg kPc kd henkv , Z q , w\ 4g dkujr[ rgc g; jk,v 4g hr[n jdIky7Ik,y Nhi Syflb g hrksg hPc , q , s , s , w\ ekd g; 4g hrjd jkpof e /cl d ;ofH k'eg go ]ek,d g hrksg ukot kt , , X a a s s , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 111 egaP

jkp 4g krLi kuLl e dju ksd syko ujd hjksp ]Sgfkp hujd Cgu hjksp 4g i s , \ \ X s , ki kujd hjksp df g hrgd ckrdf hukji l hukji dfk;D hF hjkt kr hjksp u , q s q X s dfy 4ksg kgj ku hH Nd e lki ;k; su[j e ykr df g krdl ksg g; <jkd s q X s X s , kjln kdlb k; 4hF hjkt ksr hjksp 4kg rukt ku kukuc kykr xksy df g krd w X s , l ksg <jkd hg dS kdlb 4F rLi sukxy Cgu ykr e kukde df g rgd xky s s \ s X X T s s 94g iki kujd hjksp8 kF krLi kukxy ji kXukde jd [yf ji kIb 4hF hg , \ X j yp l jkt Lc ]hjksp hd ygi ykl jktg gi df g cyre kdlb `kd r s s s \ s a , kc lb g cyre k;D 94g iki kujd hjkp8 ]g k[yf ji Ib hukji ykl jktg , , s , q gi 94g iki kujd hjkp8]g kvg k[yf kIkse dS ji Ib lm `g k[yf k;D d a , s , q s , f g k;kxy kri u kXyko sujd tks[ kdlm g kvg k[yf kst ji hd Ib lm ]S , s s , q gfkp huksg hukji ykl jktg gi l jktg ln utknv Ib kt g hyef Ib dS q a s a s , s X kd kxksy yko ujd tks[ d orkji yko ujd Bkn[ e eksjhycf g kuql uTe s s s q s s q X , s 4g hrLi eyke kuid hd uuke N , \ w s s v kd kxksy jkl <jkd d rfe hd Xkxky Nv Nd d ygi g; 4g rLi eyk s X s s 1 s s q s s T s \ w e dufikd rgc xksy d ygi g; 4F Nv xky d ygi df g hrgd ckrdf q s s s s s s s T X cl 4g Nv xky d ;el lb df ksg k[yf g; eltf 4g hyef Cgu ckrdf hH T s s s X , dS hlS dr cv F hHd 4F sNv kst F cd xksy d ygi kr 4g ckrdf hd s s s s s s s , ygi ykl jktg AN ]F Nv rgc xky d ygi 4g kNv kst kgj Cgu Nd Xe s s s q s s s , q X kxksy d ydtkv ]gj Cgu dek/ ydycf xksy d ydtkv ]g Sx ksg hjkpH s s q s T fk; g Sx ksg hjkpkjn 4g Sx ksg drfuv hg ydycf xky d ydtkv df g T q T , q s s , kvg k[yf e kdefH 4ksg k[yf y;jfksILfS e jkc[v dufn hldf d kui kxx q X w X , s w s y klS ksr Pi jxv ksd kdefH hdlm jk,v ckrdf hukji "o jktg AN e uhp s X\ w q Z X 4F Nv xky d ygi g Sx ksg c s s s s s T kj[ xksy d yd tkv df g hrgd hg; ckrdf hukji l hukji hd k;ufqn 4sF s , q s q s , ld go F gj n k{'f go ksdutf df g kryp kri l kvk{'f udfy 4F sld s s s , s X s s , go df g kryp kri kd 0c jhokge ksr l 0c ]jhokge dfk;D 4kF kld ku , q s q X , ket df g kryp kri l kXvk{'f hd 0c jk,v jhokge 4kF kld kuket df kr , s q , yp Cgu kri l 0c jk,v jhokge ]hxksg bx hn ksdudf df g hrn jc[ Sk{' s q T s a f `F ld xky df g kryp kri l kXvk{'f `F ld xky df g hrkrc Sk{'f s s , s , s s s , s T a 4g krLi kuk>el hg; dr ek' l gcql ksd j , \ s hokge jkpc Syflb kxksg kgj kd kukeBc jk,v kjksp tkel 4kF Cgu ckj[ kr s s X s X s xkenf kd jhokge df g krxy >e kr 4ksg kgj ckj[ tkel k; ksg kgj ckj[ , s q s xkenf kd jhokge ksr k; ]g hrdl ksg rkc kn llb 4g kryp kri k;D sllb T X s s , 2ksjd re klgV 2ksjd re hjksp df g rkypf hg ; jhokge dr ek' l gcql udfy T s s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 211 egaP

]g rLi Bk[nf "Qikge ji ZLkcd,y ykd g krLi Bk[nf kvg k[yf kd k;L T s \ q s s , \ q \ f[ nGl 4kxLi Cgu Bk[nf udfsy kxSkt kr [yf ]ji jkohn nsGl ]kx[yf sl s s \ s wa k;Lf[ nGl 2kg Sx kg yxki8 ]kxgd go 4l k;Lf[ nsGl ry kyp ekd j \ s s s s s \ s s d [yf Cgu k;D ji jkohn nGl df kgd llm k; 4r[yf Cgu k;D sl k;Lf[ X s s s s X \ hykd df ku kgd llm 4l k;Lf[ nGl ji Lkc ykd g kr[yf d{'f e y s s s \ s Z s s , X d 4g I?et kd k;efnkv uhg Gjr kjkp df g rki kg Syflb hg kni "Qik w , X X T s s , q ge gj uk; jkv g rdl kt [j nk; Syflb 4g u;rfv "Qikge 4kxSkt skg s , T s s , w q ydfe ku[j nk; kd k"Qikge kr xkg kni henkv Nv rgc Xe k;ufqn jxv q s X q s s X , s q 4Xdl kt suxf ji k;yfxm hHd up7uxf 4g rkg kni l ydfqe henkv lt jhokge X a s q s T s s , s s , jkv 0c ]ekj df 4g krdl kg <jkd hg dS kdlm g krLi ku[j nk; kd , q , s , \ s < jkv ekj k; 0c ]jhokge dr "o jktg BkP df g kgj gd g; e ]g kg , q Z wa T wa j gd Cgu g; e ]Cgu 4[j ku nk; kd jhokge ][j ku nk; kd 0c df xgd T X s X s q s X ikv 4hF k;D rjWt hd u[j nk; kd 0c dr "o jktg BkP 4Sx kg "o jk s s q Z s Z tg BkP Sg kd 0c 4g krgkp kugd likv rkc hFkp g; g rLi eyke "Qik q s q wa s , T s \ w q ge Syf hlb hH "Qikge go 4g Sg kni "Qikge kt jkv 4g kukg kni skd ; q T q , q s , , s , q ue ukge 4g kvg Cgu kni drcv ;ue ukge g Sg "Qikge 4g hruc <jkd , q , q T q q T kd udkj ]hruc Cgu <jkd kd ukOm kpM kd kHrfi hd tkel Sk<jk/ g; s s s a s z a 4g jc eg hd g klS ;el ]g rdl jd k;D eg 4g hjcte kukg kjc kj T s q , s T s , w s q keg g jc eg g kgj yp ykd epi g jc eg 4g kgj yp xq;yd Nd ,g Cg T s q , a T s q , q u hH jld kjkeg ]kxjd ukd ''fkd hd sukg yH jGf kr g hjWt kukg kjc w s , s s s s , s q g kgj kv xq;yd df g hg kdDi g; jkv 4g rjd lk;i kd ukg erOJ eg , , , T s z s s s kr kg k<jk/ jkv yk;[ jxv g; g kgj kv xkv jrOJ rlfdof 4g dkuj s s , , s s , r[ xP ]g kgj kg rrfi tkel df g krgd go g xP kt kd upkl sd ukld a , s , , a s s s u df 4g kgj kg rrfi tkj henkv 4g gj yp cv xq; jc 4dp kg ygi x; q , s s T s s q s q s s q s Nv 4x;yd g kgj yp cv x; rl kF ygi 4g kgj kg Cgu lkdof g kgj k q , q s , s , s g uri df g g; yk;[ kr kjkeg 4g k<jk/ chtv rgc dS kr e rjkH jkv , s , q s X , 4Cgu Gjr hd ukg Nv ]g hrkt y Gjr hd ukg kjc kd henkv kruhg s s s , s s s q s go jkv 4g rn jH l okH d kruhg dS kd tkel uiv uktv7ukt go ]kF , T s s s s s s s a s kNv rgc tkel kd Nhi df g ry uke g; xky kt df g g; kjr[ 4g d q s T s s s s , T kujr[ jkv g d [k/ rgc ukx<x jkv rfe d Nhi Syflb g kgj jd lk , T s s s q q , 1 s s , dof tkel 4g krdl kg kNv hH jkv yd tkel kyko ukv 4g kgj kg kNv , s , s , s tkj tkel 4tkel ]g kNv e rykg jg l ygi l tkv tkel ]tkel 4Sg s , X s s s q kni sNv Nd rDf; 4Sg kn,i sNv Nd henkv 4kF Cgu kNv hH hHd tkel , q q q `g k;D g; 4g jL kd Lan , , rgc7rgc kd yko sujd hjkp 4g uZ<o kd sun Id rgc7rgc kd yko ujd h q q s s s , s q q s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 311 egaP

gd ikv jkv 4kgj g; g kvg kjH huki e cLf lb jkv ksd rkc hdikv g sr , , q X s , T gd ryx eg 4g kvg kLi huki e cLf l7IkN gxt dS 4g krk[nf e 2Syf , q \ X s s ss wa T p8 ]df gd jkv Skt kv yxki dS jkv g Cgu ydycf huki e yFQe df g s , , , q X s d jdkt e yFQe Bkd lt g hg klsS g; 4Ski >el Cgu rkc hje go jGf X s s , , s 94hpk s l Bu k<jk/ hd e/ Ikj su lknekj ]kpkl k;u ]uyknkv kd xk;glv ]u'ji Z s s a s s s s kvkduku u ht h/kax df g Snf <jgknm ksn nkv dS ukgm ksr kpkl Cgu k;u s T s X s hH Nd e kykl jktg pkai e rjkH df g krgd e8 ]df g kNi su _ef dS q X X X wa T , w 4g hjWt rfx Gjr hd ;ofH jrjuf , a 7jrjuf jdksg rDe l rhrv df g kgj gd e Syflb ~ ~ ~Te Syflb 4kF Cgu a q s wa T X e rhrv tkel klS 4g krdl ksg e ;ofH tkel klS 4kx[j Cgu cklgf Bk s , X s s s d kd henkv Nv ]hxgj nk; hd henkv jc kxksg kNv tkel unf ltf 4g k s s sq , jc tkel df kuy >el dr cr ]g r[j nk; ksd k;efnkv Nv eg dr ct q s T s X s 4ygi ykl jktg kn kF kvg kn,i hen s s q kv kayG df dl [j nk; eg ksr ksg kni hHd go ]Skt kg ydfe henkv kjc X , a s q q ksg rkc ekv henkv kNv 4dl uxf ji k;yfxm eg eku kdum kXg kn,i henk X X a v jc kt e k;ufn df Sgfkp g; kuksg 4Skt ksg Fov henkv nkv dS Bksd sq s X q hHd kXg Fo xksy [ky pkai df Sgfkp klS kukg 4kxksg eyke ILhlDS dS ] s s w X hxksg eyke kuI?n dS hH kuksg Fo kdlb 4kxksg eyke Cgu jnl e hjkehc w Z q w qa X hd kxksy [ky pkai hH ;ko kdlb 4g Fo henkv dS jkv g jkehc henkv X , , T [ky pkai ]kxkg k;D udfsy g dhO ksr Skt ksg Fo henkv dS jkv henkv s , a , [ky pkai jxv ]e kui ]g krksg k;D llb Skt ksg kNv henkv dS 4kvg Cgu X w , s q hH Nd l sun uk; ji kxky sNv 4g k;x kg hjWt kun uk; ji tkel N q s s X s , s s s v jkv 4kxksg sxkv tkel kNv7kNv 4g Sg xky Nv7Nv8 ]df g krgd Te , T q s s s wa 4g hjWt kun et kd r;efnkv hNv hurb 4Sgfkp uL\i , s s s Cgu Bk[nf udfsy 4xgj rksg kni kr "Qikge 4g rLi Bk[nf "Qikge g rskg s X s , s q T s \ q T s kni "Qikge Syflb g Cgu kr;uekge df g <i;kHn g; 4g krLi ku[j , q , q , Z w Z q , \ nk; dr ykl jktg ]kn7kn ksd "Qikge dS7dS df g <i;kHn g; 4g rdl s s q , Z w Z q T s kt uxf ji k;yfxm df g ed surb "Qikge df g <i;kHn g; 4g rgj srL s X a T q , Z w Z q T s i hg Bk[nf go aSkt cn go df rkv Cgu yko ujd j{krg Su hH ji kXj{k \ s s s rg um dfk;D g rLi Bk[nf go dfk;D g srgj r[n gm eg jkv 4g rkt X T s \ X T s s X , T s rhc ykl kXjktg ]g rkt ksg e k;Lf[ nGl j{krg d jhokge hldf hHd ji T s X \ s s Z s , Lkcdy lm ckyG kcy kd hrr hykd hd henkv udfy 4g kagd df kxyp , s T s Cgu kri kdub 4xaSkt k[ xky lS 0c ]jhokge kr hxkg hNv k;ufqn jxv s s s s s q s s 4sxLi Cgu Bk[nf udfy ]xkg "Qik X \ s s X q ge `xLi Bk[nf ld 4sxLi Cgu Bk[nf ksr Cgu jiM d Lksc d kr;ue hykd s X \ s , X \ s Z s q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 411 egaP

]g kjk/ ye kt ]g xkenf yu'LfI kst kd rjkH ]g xkenf ekv kst kd rjk , w s , s , H udfy 4g k;u Nd rgc hH lki d jd' ]g k;u Nd rgc lki d utkxku s , q q s a , q q s qZ 4g kpkl k;u Nd rgc su ;Dkoykp 4g kpkl k;u Nd rgc u 0c ]Sg Cgu , s q q , s q q s q q kni hg xky lS hHd e rjkH df g kgj gd Cgu e g; 4d ryx jkv dhO , s s s X wa T s , T s g rdl ksg idof kLdl hH e supkl Su 4g krdl ksg ryx hH kupkl k;u X \ T X s , s 4g jrgc , s kupkl k;u l ugj Ldi ksd sukji hH jGf udfy 4krkt ksg Cgu dhO Nd sl s s s s \ q s q s uksg Su 94k;x ksg dhO go ksr kpkl k;u Nd u h/kx8 ]df k;nf gd ue df s q s a s T kuy >el re g; 4hrkt ksg Cgu dhO thp Bksd hg l uksg Su g k;u hH jG s s s , f udfy 4g krdl ksg ryx kupkl go 4pkl l xP Su e k;Ifn hl7rgc h/ s , s X s s a X X 1 q kax 4k;df Cgu k;u Nd u h/kax df g Cgu g; cyre kdlb udfy 4g gj rj q s , s T s s d hgo l k'eg jkted 4kLi yp jkv k;yf uke ulm d xk;glv lm jkv s s s \ , s s s , 4k;x yef kdke kd ukiNf ksd hjkted huiv ksd rjkH 4k;yf jd jkdho kd , s s s Ifn hd xk;glv e rjkH df ku>el re g; cyre kdlm ]g dhO xk;gl 1 s X , s v 4Bx kv e >el rkc hd h/kax kd rjkH e hjksted lm kF jksted rjkH X s X 4n ku xk;gl kdikv df g krdl jd s s s , g; knk; l knk; 4g krdl k;D jd jk,v jkted g kgj krjd xk;glv sl s , s , s k'eg jkted 4g u'jikvksduku g; g hrgj hrugi hLk\l dr jn go ksyp s s , s s , s kesulf g rgd ikv 4g hrjd Ijijkduku ksr hrjd Cgu Nd e j? h_ cv 4 T s , sw s q X g Cgj hrjd xk;i l ykl kXjktg kdum kd u'jijkduku xk;glv Gky[f d T s z s sw s s s X q k"Qi Syflb g jksted k;_f 4xgj rjd xk;i k'eg jkted xk;glv 4sahg T a s X s s z s s s j hrjd xk;glv k'eg l kX;rfi k;_f e kj? 4g hukji rgc k<jk/ hd xk; s s s X X X , q q s glv lsS udfsy 4hyef l kjksF k<jk/ hd xk;glv kd u'jikvkduku 4g Cgu s s s s sw s , kd rjkH hH Bksd l e kuhr ub 4g kvg et kd Ifn hd h/kx l k;efnkv s X X , q 1 a s X X kuhr ub ];kIyksI ]udfj ]ksjkF 4g ;hrjkHv Qx kuhr d h/kax 4g /fufrfzi s T q X s T d rfl ;hrjkH ht h/kax df Sgfkp kun Lks\N rgc yk;[ l xkenf g; kd s a s q s s X kxksy ;hrjkH 4g Bx hy l ;kIykI jkv ksjkF ]udfj rkc hd h/kx kr slS , s s , s a s s 4g k;u hH go ji 4g xk;i Xe Hnl Su Glf 4g rpkl e , , s z Z a Z T s s g kurtf df g Cgu Bu rgc hH rkc hd h/kax udfy 4g krpksl rkc Bu Bkd , q s , s h/kax dS Bkd hHd 4hd u[j Ldi l jkt ]hd u[j Ldi ksd ukji hjkeg s s \ s s s \ s q kjk/ ye 4hryp Cgu kri kjk/ ye hd rfl ;hrjkH llb udfy g krpkl w w a s s , s k;u Nd henkv Bksd kdDn kdDb hHd 4g kjk/ ye hjkeg g; cyre kdlb q q , w 4g hd Cgu rlfdof Rf1oi hd upkl l gjr Su u rjkH dr k"o jktg pkai , z s s s s 94kxkg Cgu huki kgt xSk s a s a t yef ku cLf jkp ksn Cgd e yFQe df g Cgu g; cyre kdlb ]cyre k s X , dlb g Cgu ydycf huki e yFQe 4g Cgu ydycf huki e yFQe df g sr , q X , q X T
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 511 egaP

kj eg hHv 4g Li Cgu jrv Bksd e krnkv hnk;ufqc hH e ykl [ky ln 4x T s \ a X X X s kXg ukjg ikv 4hxSkt yef Skrukel rgc ksr jd jk,x jrhH rgc udfy 4g , a a q X q s , Cgu krukel hH Bksd e henkv jkv e jnc tkv 4k;x gj Cgu jnc 4g k;kv X , X a a , jrm phu l kX{1o henkv l ykl [ky ln 4sxkg Sg ykl [ky ln utknv Sx s s s X q a ksg ykl k[ky 4g k;x ksg jn l kXjoukt henkv ct Sx kg ykl kX[ky kXjktg X , w s s 4>el kd ; X s r uiv eg df ]hxksg g; rkc hygi e u;i lm jkv 4g rkc hjln ydyc s X z , , w q f u;i kd sukuc ;l ksd kuokHl 4g k[ks/ kuy uke ;l ksd kuokHl jkv z a , s a , 4g Cgu ;l g kuokHl g; 4Cgu g ]g krdl ksg kekeji henkv 4g dkujr[ , , a , , , k[ks/ g; 4g kekeji eg ]g Cgu 'i eg df y uke ksd uiv eg df g d T T q X s , kujr[ kun k[k/ kd uiv jkv 4g k;x Cgu Om udfy g krdl Om jiM d s s s s , , s , s X kvq'i go 4g kd kv'i kt g hgo go ]xaSki eg ksr xjd jk,x eg jxv kd u , X q s , s s X rpV dlm 4g q'i dS hg e 'i ]g 'i hH henkv df gcl kF kgj gd g; Te s T X q , q q 4g uk,d eg df g krxy kri llm g rpksl eg kst jkv T , s T s , ]g rpkl hgo g kst eg df g kurb yd utk;i kje 4Cgu kun7kuy Nd kd T s s T , q s z s s s q lb llm kgd sue kt 4g Cgu krpV Bksd ksr ksg hH ku jkv ksg e ykl lhr d s T s , , X f ksg e ykl uhr go ]kxksg ukot e ykl uhr Lkl 4kxkg klS g; df Cgu sr X X a s s tk[ l elm k;D7k;D eyke ku jkv g hrkt yH hg rkc kr hdlm g krksg j s s X w , , w s , k/kv ye kst kr 4g k;nf jd hg nc kupkl sueg lt `g gj jd k;D k; ]g w s , a s s , T s T s q T s s rul ]g rpkl eg df 4g hrksg hukjg s>e df g rtH jd[yf rkc hlS7hlS , , q T s s X s s 94Cgu utsk;i Nd llm krksg Cgu yg cyre Nd llm udfy kuy z q s q s s s jd dG kurm hgl e ykl uhr kr kxpkl e ykl uhr go 4g ykol kd Lb Z X s s s X , ke d Lkl dlm go ]kupkl kdlm go 4kxspkl e /cl d ;kx cr kxpkl c s a s s s X a a s s s t Lkal8 ]df kF g; sue kgd 4kxksg ukot e ykl uhr Lkal df g gj gd _e T X T s f go ]hF hgd k;D go hF hgd rkc kt 4Cgu kun7kuy Nd >e l XkLkl ]Cgu s s s q s q s a jIDkL kd hjujIo Bkd ]g kr[j cklgf Bksd e kd kXLkl Bx ksg ydfqe cv , s wa T a 94e ykl dS kgd uikv jkv 4g krksg ukot e ykl uhr Lkl ]k;nf <jgkn X s , , X a m kd Lkl gcl suikv8 ]df kgd sukgm g k;kv Te e rkj u _ef dS hH cv a q X wa X s s 4g krjd ''fksd hld7hld eyke ku , , , w hd ukpc ksd uiv Rpf jksted df g krxy klS >e jkc Bd udfy 4krkt s s , s s q s ksg Cgu 0lf uk|m Nd yFQe llb 4g krgj hg yFQe ]yFQe llb udf q s , s sy g rdl kt Skrc jcL 4k;yf pkl Nd e /ksjof d krkc hje df kupkl r T s s s q X s X s s e g; jdtks[ <jgknm d dDn7dDb Bksd Syflb Cgd Xrkc ue Gky[f dlm s s q s s T s 4g hnkokjiji go ]g hFi urkji go ]g hekx rrfv go hd kurp ;hrjkH , a , a q , s ]g ehIue kt ]g kjk/ kst hd kxx ye udfy 4g hrkt ks[ jk,v g hrdep k , s s , a w s , , s d jn hLks\F kjk/ hl7hIksN dS Bksd hHd7hHd e kxx lm g kxx hd rjkH kt s X a , a s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 611 egaP

henkv hylv kd jrhH jkeg Cgd df g krxy jL dfk;D rgkp Cgu hH kuL s , X s k\?m eg gm df g lsS ukKv Lc l Lc jkv 4g ukKv e /cl uiv eg jkv X T s s \ s s \ , T X a a s , 4krdl uc Cgu dyfke hHd Bkd s X e ukKv 4kruc Cgu kucf d ukK hH Bksd dyfke kuiv udfy 4g krkuc d s s , yfke kuiv eg e/ 4g k;nf kuc dyfke kd rfi eg u ukKof 4krdl kg C X Z , z X s s gu dyfke kuiv dr cr g e ukKv dr ct e /cl d jrhH uiv henkv , X X a a s s 4k;nf kuc dyfke kd hytcf eg u ukK 4g rukt eg go hytcf g tkj kt X s T s , s hd [i dfk;D ]kxgd Cgu Bkd 4aSkyp l dhO k[i kjt df ksgd l ukoxH s a X s s s a s b cv 4g gj kyp k[i e j? ukoxH b 4g gj kyp hdI hd huki ukoxH a T s a X a T s a a b cv 4k;yf ukt ksd tkj d hytcf ueg ]k;yf jd nd ksd hytcf ueg cv s s , s 4g kgj n ktl b df F rpkl 4F rkjc? ]F rjL eg 4k , s a s s s s s s s F krkt je henkv ]kF krkt yt {1o hF hrjxf hHd 4hF hrn kid ksd k<ki s a X z jkeg 4Nd llm hF Cgu ukpgi ]hytcf hF uktav dfk;D F rjL eg hF hrd s q s X s s ep hytcf 4krdl Cgu hg ksg Fkg kdum kr 4Cgu hg g go df g g; ksr pl s T , 4kd kXjkpc g Cgu hg Fkg kdum 4g Cgu jld hH Bksd kd ukoxH b elb s , , w a X ]g hrep k;D hytcf df g krukt hH kpc kl7kIksN kd tkv 4kdep re hy , X , tcf ukoxH b df kxgd Cgu g; hH kpc kIksN kd yd kd tkv 4kukdep a s w re hytcf kuksg re tkjku ukoxH g df kF kgj gd l ukoxH b Lkt Fk s s a s s\ g h"+ kd no ygi ykl jktg uhr hg g; 4g hgj yt hytcf g; 4g uky[f s s , T s , eg e Fkg d ukKv 4g rksg suky[f e Fkg sdlm eg rki ukt Cgu eg sltf X s T s , X s 4g krkt yef dg kd uync slm g sr , s T y ukt eg hH ltf 4sdl ync lm go dfkr 4g hjWt kuukpgi ksd 'i lm s s s , q jk,v 4g ntke 'i jrhH dlm df kxsyp kri ksr jd uhctks[ jrhH sd henkv , w , q s X eg jxv 4g kgj kryp l ji Fkg kXjkp hHd ku hHd toi kjkeg df ,g hr , s , Z w krc rnkv hd Fkg go 4g hgo rnkv hd Fkg udfy 4l ji Fkg jkp g yp , s s , T s ueg l ykl [ky ln 4g /cl djfrkav kd ITeoe d kuksn go kxOm xkv j,i s s , a a w s X s s k;kan kd sNhi kr kxsOm sxkv ji k;kc kdlm ]g kryp l ji Fkg jkp kt ' s , a , s , s q i dfk;D `krygf Cgu kX;D Fkg k;kc Fkl d ji Skc `g kgj ygf kX;D Fkg k X a s , a , a ;kc Fkl d ji Skn udfy 4g rdl yp tr hg urb ikv hH ksr n Ikd Fkg s , a s T s s s X X s , kukn 4g Cgu /cl Bksd l ukygf kd kXFkg e rfx hdikv e ukety dikv a a s s s X X s w s 4g Cgu hg rjWt Bksd hdlm cv df Cgu hg kri lm g k;x ksg ydufde go , s , s T 4g kgj jd ekd , sl xP hlm jhj' go 4e jhj' Bx gj dfkc rknnk; hdlm F ryp l ji F a X s s s , kg kXjkp eg ygi ykl [ky ln 4g Cgu cyre Bkd 4g cyre Bksd slub sl s , s , suyp 4g gj ygf Syf d gkd g; 4g krygf Fkg k;kc Fkl d ji Skn ]g kr T s s s , a s , a , ygf Fkg k;kn Fkl d Skc 4g rygf Fkg kuksn k[n uikv ksr 4g ryp ji sr a s a T s X s s T s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 711 egaP

]ksvkt ksg db 4g e jr[ e/ ngV 4g kgj ksg Iu e/ ngV df g g; Ilf s , X s Z w , Z w , s go 94Ilf g k;D df kNwi Ilf l jdsoyk? ksr g kujd kdb kd kvngV 4g s , s s s s , s X w , kjr[ ji ekyb df ksjd jc[ g kuuc kru ksd kUtf 4g kjr[ kd uhp df , s , ksjd kni jc[ ~ ~ ~kjr[ ksg kuuc kru e ukrngV jxv 94g hjWt kujd kn,i , s X q , kjr[ Syf d suuc kru8 ]g k[yf e kFd ekv huiv u jyIgf GkLS 4g k s s , X s s , rLi kuup krsu ksdikv cr g rL\y ikv ct 4g krkt kg dyfke go cr 4g k \ q T s , s , ry jd htkj Syf d uL\y ksd kxky Sg Ic e kvkehl kn go ct jkv ]g kr s s s X s q sa X X s , , n /kc e kvkehl ksdikv go ct dfk;D `g kgj pC[ k;D go Skehl g; jkv s a X X X , X a , 4g kgj pC[ Krfhutkj cv hpC[ u ke/ ygi Skehl , s s a g; 4krpC[ Cgu dufkKo Bkd aSkehl g; jkv 4g Cgu ji hoi hH Cgd Ske , s , T 1 a hl g; ]hd kdhjev ]hd lW ]hd kec ]hd uhp ]hd ukrdfki ]hd ukrngV g Z q , krkuc Skehl Krfhutkj Syflb 4kxSkt ksg jkdsc Krfhutkj ksr g rLy Cgu a T s \ ikv jxv 4kxgj dyfke Krfhutkj ksr g rLy ikv jxv 4g jHuf ji uLy s T s \ , Z s \ d kxksy rdkr hjkl hd Krfutkj dfk;D `kX;D krgkp kuLks\t Cgu Krfutkj ] s X , X , Krfutkj udfy ksdcl g kgj Lks\t kr go 4g ukKof kt g; 4g rn uyp kri , s , s , s T s s s s l ydfe hL\c go g krtks[ k;D dufkKo kdum 4g h[j jd hL[ jkohn hd q , , T \ X ss s gky ukXgm dfk;D 4g Bx ksg I>> e yeke d uhp j,kv lW ZGlf 4g hrkt X , a X s s , ksg Rfil hd dufkKo d lka go g krtks[ Nd dufkKo dS e kdhjev 4g a , s , q , X , hrkt ksg Rfil hd dufkKo d rjkH go g krtk[ Nd dufkKo dS e ukikt a , s , s q , X 4_ke d S 4g ;knil ;hIkjrv _ke dS hydv hg hIuf;ksd hd kXdufkKof e k;ufqn , za a s w X rDo lb 4g kgj jd dS ksr ukKof 4g hgj kLy rfhutkj ]k;kLy u ke/ ]g , , \ \ s , kgj kLy Krfhutkj 4ikv g gj n rDf' e Fkg d kKrfhutkj >elku jkv 4g \ T s s X s X , , kgj tks[ rDf' Glf ksr ukKof 4g gj jd Krfhutkj Gdoc g; 4ksdIi ji Z T s w s ke'fksjgf jdkt ksd eIS df hgj gd Cgu g; lbkl udfy g hgj kuc lbkl s , jWt ksr eIS 4g hgj kLy Cgu ksd k;ufn lbkl8 ]kxgkp kugd e kd _ef um , \ q wa T s 94g hgj kuc ecutkLBkg ]eceI , s S 4g hgj kLy kd k;ufn lbkl ksr cv udfsy ]Sgfkp kukg dufkKo kd henkv , \ s q s , s jk,v 4k;kL\y kd k;ufn su ke/ df g rgd ikv8 ]df g kNi u _ef sjln dS s q T s , w s w 4hgd rkc go ue Syf s T lm 4krdl ksg Cgu g; ksr g hukKv Gjr hg uiv jxv eg jk,v ]kxsLi eg T s \ X ksr kujd ksd k_k; lm udfy 4g krkt k;yf ki cl ji uy ki ltf g rdl k s , s s s T s i lm eg 4k;x kukt Cgu hHd kst g rdl ukt go eg 4kpgi Cgu Bksd hHd s T s qa a T s kgt g rdl pgi kago eg Sx [n Cgu hHd kt g srdl [n ;n slS eg qa s s s T s 1 s 4Cgu hH kuid hdutf g rdl N aSkehl hlS eg jkv 4g krdl kt k;df r T s w s , , jfrkaiW jdukt ksd 'i lm ]kg 4g 'i kjkeg henkv hylv 4Skt ksg ku Idzi q a , q
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 811 egaP

l dS ksd ' jkv <kc ultf r g ;/ df 4Sgfkp kujd jkdeu ksd hLkx w , z s w , \ yj 4g xlkge hLkxyj 4dl Oc Cgu xl ykl kXjktg kt k;nf kOcf lki ksd s , a \ s s , a s w ' ksd <kc e hLkxyj g Oc henkv jktg e hLkxyj dfk;D 4g uk,d7uk,d kr z X \ s T s, X \ s X , yp Cgu kri Nd g kOc ' e yxc jkv 4g kgj k[ kuk[ kuiv kjkpsc <k q , , w X , , c 4g kgj hi Ijxlf jdOc w' e yxc dlm g kOc <kc jkv hyp hL\kxysj z , s , X s , , z , 4hul Cgu hH u q s hldf hd kro7rl kdPf kayG ]g BkH w' ]g dS cl df jdkypf7kypf Sx X a a , , dF ]Sx jkg rl Lc7Lc d k;ufn 4hrjd Cgu dG Bkd 4hH kd ' ]hH kd a s \ s \ s q Z s s w s <kc g hrn jd dhO ksd kuksn go g >el ku hLc uhylhui df g rkc hd z , s X , \ s , s s \ , , s te Lc jkv 4g krn kxy ksd kukn go 4Cgu g hHv go 4hxLi hutk[ uhyl X s , s \ s hui ' Bkd Syf jr 4g Syf d k<kc 0q' g; g uhylhui kt g; 4g; g s w s ss , s X z , s s , Syf d <kzc 4hxksg jxjkd kon hjln s>r ]>r df krgd Cgu g; go g krk s w q s q , t ' dS ct lki d jIDkL FikysS ct jkv hl dS k;fg 4g Cgu krkj Bk w s ,s , a , s d `g krdl krc df ]hd ' g; jk,v g hd <kc hg g; df krdl krc C , w , z gu hH krkK kd no kyko ujd tk[ kLc l Lc jkv 4g Cgu dG Bksd Xe kukn s s s \ s s \ , , Z X s s kr aSkt hykduf hg hd <kc dS jk,v hd ' dS jxv df g krgd ukKo z w , f jkv ]g hd tk[ go su ukKof ]hxkg Cgu rjWt Bksd hd uIkac ksd henkv d , T X s s s f g k;df kni kdke ksr u ukKof 4g k;x k;nf Ikac jGf kd henkv sl xaP Su , , , s , s 4g , hgo xkenf 4g krxy kL> kd jiM d jnfe d Fkuoof e h'kd kt g kr[ , a s a s X s , j cyre hgo jkI Lj kvg krdep ji uyfe 4g kr[n Gjr hd kdDe uke , q , s yle 4g kr[n Gjr hd h'kd ngV lt g kr[n gjr hlm Gjr hd uyfe q , s w s , , s Iuf;d go 4g Qxrxt ik,i hH dub 4g kuhne kdDe hH dub 4g rfhutkj w T q s T s , Bu g e/ Su g; ]h'keL ]eyfyId ]eyf;h'k' ]eufw;d g eku d rf T Z s s , , s T s hutkj Bu 4d rfhutkj hukjqi ]g eku d lDIfyfk,i hukji g; kr SNfi e pl s T s q s w X 4g eku d ke/ ukji g; ut ]BklB ]ukeyle ]ngV F eku d T s s q , q w s s Ze/ ukji lm 4g hgj jd kni e/ d gjr Su rfhutkj 4g hgj kLy rfhutkj s q s , , Z s , \ 4g kgj kLy Krfhutkj ksd k;ufn 4kxgj dyfke Krfhutkj dr cr g hIc k; , \ q s , ufn dr ct 4g hjWt kujd L[7L[ ]jd Ikac g hjWt ku[j rhH;H ksd k; q , a a , ufqn ]kru kxuke uk,d ksr 4sxkn LkN jL ksr kxSkt je Krfhutkj udfy 4e[ s s s s s ]jL ksn LkN ]kg Sg jL kuksn ct `g kdldf jL udfy 4g jL kd ukrdfki s\ s q s X , s , dfk;D ]ksgj db g kgj gd ksd krut chjx hd ukrdfki kru kd ukrdfki X s , s 4g jL kd , ukrdfki dfk;D 4ksgj db df g kgj gd kru kd ukrngV g db ueqn kt X s , s q T s s go jkv `g kgj kuc uk,d uen 4g db uen 4g db Gjr kXjkp ueqn , , q T s q T s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 911 egaP

4krht ukKof ]kLi kukt jkg ksd ke/ 4kF e {i d ukKof ;l 4krdl kt \ X s kdksj Cgu dr jn knk; kd ;l udfsy 4kxSkt II cl go g k[j kyG ykt s s w , , s s kt ueg dfk;D 4Sgfkp kuPc Cgu ukKof df kgd ulm df kjL Qx dek/ kr X \ s q s 4g Bx ksg hef cl go 4hxSkt kg hef cl go ,g SkFd T a s a Z w <i krye ]aSkyhy ikx ]Skuid ikx kst hd e/ ksr kxPc ukKof jxv df k w s a s Z s\ F kxy jL ksd kxky d e/ dfk;D 4kF k;nf suPc Cgu kd ukKof ]hF hykL k/ X s s Z X \ s kc u kxksy dek/ d ygi l,t Krfhutkj 4g kgj ykL k/kc Krfhutkj udfy s X s s s , s 4g hrdl ksg dS k;ufn jkv hxSkt II , q , a w hH aSkehl hpd hpc hgo e k"o lkpi yko ukv 4g hn Lkr Skehl cl u u q X s s T s\ a s kKof 4g Cgu ;kim Bksd kd suPc d ei jgkc d j? 4krki ksg Cgu kni hg /c , \ s zs s ss , a a l Bksd jgkc d j? 4g gj jd gkoof e j? suiv uiv cl df g g; <jkd k s ss T s X ss s , dlm g kvg kII kurtf ukrngV 4rksg hg ikv uiv dS cl 4hF Cgu rjWt , q w q s s Bskd hd suk>el ksd kXro7krl ksr krksg ]krksg gkoof e rfkt hjln dS e ukr X a X w X ngV jxv 4g kv kd BkLy g; 4kukt re jgkc d rfkt huiv df k;k[lf u q , \ s s X , s q s k|o ukji d k;ufn 4g rkt ksg dS eg 4g krkt Lt u[ kjkeg l k;rfkt q T s , q\ w s X hjlwn urm g rkt yG e k;rfkt hjln /cl jkeg urtf dfk;D 4kujd re s T s , X X w a a s s X hnk' jdyH hHd e rfkt huiv ksr g kukIef 0q; jxv 4kujd hnk' e rfkt w X , X hg huiv kr g ku[j hjkt 0q; jxv 4kxSkt ksg ydfe rgc kuksg 0; Xe k; s , q q q ufn kr xy jd hnk' jn7jn pc d k;ufn hjkl jxv n[l jk,v jnqal kurdf q s s X w w s s q q 4g hrdl , jd hnk' jdkv rjkH hdL\y hdhjev 4g krdl jd hnk' jdkt e kdhjev , X kdLy ngV dS tkv df Sdf kni u/kl d u'dhuq;ksd kd jkt urb u ukKo \ w , s s s s s f ]hxSkt ync If1n ]hxSkt ync k<jk/ 4hxSkt ksg dS hoi kr u ukKof k; 1 s s nf kpgi ji nkap eg jxv 4kxSki >el Cgu cyre Bkd kd Ikjkge henkv qa s kd yxe go 4g gj kv l Ikjkge df Cgu g; 94l hoi kxsLi kugd ksdikv a T s s s 1 \ ksr ]g rkv l kgd8 ]kNi ukgm jkv Sg xksy yko ujd lkouf ji yxe jkv T s s a w s X , q s s a , 4Sx ji yxe y >el Sx ikv ji nkap jk,v Bx kg W' k_k; hd nkap jxv a X s q 4hoi hje g hrLi Bk[nf hg hoi Glf kr l kg; lW 1 s , \ 1 Z s s a , g kagd df kgd u ujfxkxjf; 4k;lfj Bke8 ]kgd Cgu g; ulm 94rjkH Bkd s q s s ku ]g uhp Bkd ku ]g lW Bksd ku kago 4hoi g kr[nf e {jfrav ]Cgu hg k , s , 1 , X r[nf lW kago ]lW kje krxy Cgu klsS >e jdkv kg; 4hoi hje 4Fv Bke s s q a 1 s Z g kgj xy >e kGn hygi jdkv kg;8 ]kgd sulm ]kgd k;D ulm g kri kdl , s q a s , b ]htH tlfe sulm kt l kago ksr 4k;x e {jfrv kGn hygi ct ujfxkxjf; s T s s X a q 4F rdl Oc Cgu lki hHd <c jkv ' s s , z , w ksr krgj kryp e hLkxyc krgj kryp yni henkv jxv 4k;nf kOcf Fkl7Fk X \ , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 021 egaP

hH eg g kgj je k[H hH hlkLi 4ksd uykL ji eg g kukuc eceIS hH kd , w s \ s , s hlkLi 4kd uykL ji hlksLi g kukuc eceIS ksr eg `uk,d ykduf utksH go s \ s s \ , X s 4g krdl kt kykduf utk , s H l el djd xk;i e kel kd rDf' dof<kv dfk;D g hgj je h[H k;u s q s s z X X q q X , w fn h/kv 4g Sx kg W' uje [H jkv g Cgu cjv uhr n;k' udfy 4g Cgu q T s q s s w , , s , rjWt Bksd hd uje k[H kd henkv hldf ksr Skt ksg hH cjv kl uhr hnkck s w s , v hd uhet jxv 4g cjv uhr Pkl hnkckv hd uhet hHv df g kL\i utksH , s , kurb e el jkv ]g rdl ykduf utksH l el eg tkv 4xuc go <jkd k X q , T s s q s X d k;g d k;ufn hjkl 4sxSkt uc <jkd kd k;g skd k;ufn hjkl Krfhutkj k s q a q s r kvg Cgu g; jxv jk,v 4krdl kg Cgu hHd ygi dlb g; g krdl kg g; q s s s , s 4dl kg Fel e ukuc jnl l jnl ksd uoht X s Z X s qa s qa eg jkv 4Skt hyp hrksg dufkKo jh/7jh/ ]jh/7jh/ kurp hjkl hd uoht d , , s s s s s fkr 4hH l kKrfhutkj jk,v g rjWt hd uksg rDe l ke/ ksd k;ufn Syflb s X , s q s q 4krykL Cgu k/kc ukKof ]g krkIg k/kc go `kxksg k;D kd Krfhutkj dlgV , go kr 4g rfhutkj hg klgV 4g hL[ ji klgV Arye rfhutkj dfk;D g krgkp s , , \ w X , kusn sukg hxk;im oIfSf dekutl rpfel kdlm g kgj jd kni rDf' kt s s 1 q , , s ukKof Krfhutkj udfy 4g kuksg kni ji hrj/ ksdeg df xSkt ksg L[ jd s , , s a s \ kxy ;D jdkxy tv krosn ksr kvg xk;i kd rDf' <v jxv udfy sljr Cg w q s z q s u ksr dr cv ksd ukg kni ji hoi g rljr kron df g rul eg klt jkv s s , 1 T s s T s q , , 4hx Skt Ief Syf d k'eg krjfn l k;ufn ksr 4Bx hd xk;im e ~ ~ ~ Bx hd s s s q s X xk;im e kr[ rDf' hd q<v jxv df g dekutl hurb ksr rDf' hd <v 4 s X X s , 1 q Xe hL? Nd kxSkt je henkv [ky dS df kF k;kuc Syflb ueg df k;kv C \ q s gu e >el hdum 4Bx dkTp rykg df kdufkKo d k;ufn jkl ksr kjxf eceI X X , s q s S ji ke'fksjgf 4g kgj ul uk,d hdum udfy 4Skt hd k;g kjk} dum df g , q s s T gj tks[ Cgu Syflb go g gj tk[ k;rDf' kst eg df 4g Snf kd uS ; s T s s a T s w djd r[n su kXdufkKo jktg pkai d k;ufn jkl kxksg ku kri kdikv n;k' s , s q s s 4g kgd u dufkKo , s , ldf ]sxjke kd kX;efnkv ikv l rDf' <v udfy ]g htks[ rDf' <v 4g p X s s q s , q , l g; ]su ukKof g k;kuc eIS 4g kgj kLy ukKof df Sgfd re g; Syflb , , \ 4kxSkt kyp krrht ;l jkv 4tk[ hd ;l g hg Fv kd ukKof 4g Fkl d , s , Z , s ukKof jGf ;l 4e {i d ukKof jGf {i 4kxrht Cgu hH go udfy g kgj X s s s , ykL kxLv go Gky[f d ukKof 4g kgj kv kdk,e kd ukt d Qxtkj jkv k; a s , s s q , x kyp Qx e/ ]Sgfkp hukt Cgu rfhutkj g ydfe kLc g kgj gd Krfhut q Z , q \ , kj jkv 4Bx rfhutkj hje df g kgj xy ksd drfhutkj jk,v g kgj jd kni L , s , , , Z o uo k;ufn dS ukKof cv dfk;D g kgj ykL k/kc e ukKof Krfhutkj cv q X , X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 121 egaP

wngV r df ksd henkv lb g k;x k;k[lf l uipc ZGlf 4g ngV g; df g Cgu w , s , w , kvg kn[ ji hLep Cgd 4g ngV g; df 4krkv Cgu jdy IdGfIl Bksd sl k q q \ , w s s a g; d ukoxH ]g Cgu kvg k[yf Bkd ]g Cgu eyke Nd `g ngV e df kyp s , q s , w q wa w T kri ld `g ukeyle uk,d `g ngV uk,d krNi Cgu hH Bksd jk,v g rn jd W s , , q , w w T s s q ' kuLy eg jkv 4k;x ksg kxn eyfe ngV df g krn gd jdksg kL[ jdkv h \ , a q w , s \ enkv dS 4g hrkt ksg LcL\x hLc kr ksg ku dufkKo jxv urpV kjkeg udfy , \ \ s , s `g T rjd xk;im k;D eg df 4g krjd jHuf ji xsk;im d rdkr ]g H'v ku ] s s , Z s , q g H' ku rdkr Sgfkp kugd k; g Hq' ksr rdkr 4g krkt kg W' kjr[ 4g , q , , s q , hrkt Li e Fkg d kxky ryx Glf rdkr g kgj ky rdkr Glf ukKof 4kgj \ X s X s Z , Z ky Cgu kjr[ ukKof g kgj ky kjr[ l ukKof df g rNi ikv jkv 4g rd , s T s w , , kr e Fkg d kKrfhutkj jk,v g Oc eg ji jr[ lb 4Skt ksg Iu jdyt Xr X s X T s, s a i rkl hd gjr lb df kurb df g krdl kg kni kjr[ kLc kurb sl kec u q , s , \ X Z tm Sg db ub jkv g db ec utm jktg lkpi Bkd e k;ufn tkv 4Skt q s , T s Z s X q a hi ckj' knk; jxv henkv uhr ]krksg Cgu ckj[ xkenf kd henkv uhr 4S x ksg yxki Fkl dS henkv kXjktg df k[n Cgu ueg ksr kvg kxn eyfe ngV s s q a q w 4g rkc k;D hd uhr g krk , , t ksg ckj[ xkenf Fkl dS kd k;efnkv kXjktg 4Skt ksg ckj[ xkenf kd k;e X a X fnkv uhr k; jGf y jd OkxOkl henkv uhr udfy 4hn hckp ksd k;efnkv u X a s X hr7uhr kr 4Skt ksg nkZcc rDo hlb k;ufqn hjkl 4Skt xy xkv ksr ji ksdke s k; ji dk;; n dG ec utkLBkg k; ]eIS ]n kyp ybklef go k;x ksg kLx Z w s T s s \ > l hui huiv kd henkv dS jkv 4ksjd e[ df kr>l Cgu k;D kd henkv s , q s e lqx jkv ]aSkt kv e lx go jkv l hui Skt ksg kLx> kd henkv dS X s , X s q , s \ 4g kjr[ dfkX;D g krdl k , , t kdG ec <v ]g krdl yp ybklef cr Skxy hckp henkv uhr ct 4g B T q , a , q g hn ksd k;efnkv uhr7uhr hckp hd yBklef dS dS kr 4Skt ksg LcLx cl X s a \ \ jk,v n ke? henkv dS hckp dS ]u kdjfev jkv e lW g Sg [j lybkl s q s , X T q s ef cv kagt cv 4g k;nf kuc tckde ksd k;ufn hjkl ukgm jk,v 4g Sx ksg , w T q s X T s db e k;ufk/tkj yxki jkl Skt kg rk'Hfv Skt kg uklkv k;ufn kr 4n y X X s a s a a s q s s kL e kuk[yxki jkv 4y Ldi ksd kKrfhutkj d k;ufk/tkj hjkl tkj kr g X X , s \ X s X s , rdkr Bksd e k;ufn jxvg krksg e[ kyeke kjkl kd kjkl e Fkg d kyxki X q , X s X ~ ~ ~hLkF ksr k; g krkg ue kd usy dksO jl cr g rLy hH jwle j s\ , s s T s \ , ,kv Ikjkge g krkv e >el g L\y ukrngV jk,v uhp df g rkc hd te Lc , X T s q , s s \ udfsy 4g Cgu rgf hH kd hldf e ukt ync jhdy ji k'Du 4g Cgu rgf hH , X s X X , kd hldf 4Cgu rgf hH kd hldf e uL\y rgf kjkeg l uLy df g gj n k[ X s s s \ T s s ks/ jk,v g gj kyxjc ksd kukn Krfhutkj e kFkg d kuskn jkv 4g gj je [H T s X s X X s X , T s s w
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 221 egaP

4xSkv yduf Ri Su jGf gx X s t Cgm jxf Ri ukji kst df g rukt go 4g ukK kuiv g eLtfof huiv hd s s s q T s , , kX{o rgd Cgu {1o Cgu 4sxaSkt ksg sxu ydycf eg kssg gj n Skjxf Ri ukjqi 1 s a q s s s s cl `ksg gj jd loof k;D g; ]kekeji g8 ]df srgd Cgu jdkypf {o 4 s a s 1 jdL\>ri g rjxf Ri ukji 4g krskg kni knl k;u ]g kd uksg kntV knl k;u T s s s q , , , s s 4skn ukt je lm g k;x je kt `g k;D ye kd ukpc kurb 2;D 4Skt pc g s s , s , w s wa jr hldf go df g gj kynf uthlDkv ksd henkv je je go 4g kgj jd ''f T s s s , ksd hd u[j Skytf kdlm 4g kgj jd ''fksd hd ukpc kd tkel sLl go g s s , s s \ , kgj jd ekd kd kupj hH kst e tkel Ll lm ]g k;x Ll kt e tkel hlm X s \ , \ s X 4g gj kyp uyknkv kd ;nkol ]g gj jd e;kd de T s s a , s Z kupj g gj jd do oIDfIld 4g gj jd uxksj xj k;u ji kXtkojn g gj j T s Z T s a T s d Ii Lkc 4g gj ync jryi 4g gj kxy k;yfc e hlm go elm xSkt j X Z s T s , s a X X s a e jdcn cl g chjd d ujxf ukge ]skd tkel hlb g gj kxy Lx[ 4g gj , s s T s s \ s T s jd ''fksd hd ukpc ksd tkel yx7Ll hlb cl go 4g gj kyp e;kd de s s s \ T s Z kupj xky urtf go 4dekupj df g gj gd ikv jkv 4g Sx Ll xv cl s s T s , T \ a ]g k;x Ll tkel 4g ydfe kupc jGf ksr Skv dr klji jxv jkv 4kxLi , \ , q , , s \ kuIkd ji kukn g; dr sxSkv dr ct dr yd udfy ]SBkt kr kxgd utl , X s s s s Z go ksr 4Sgfd rkc hd u'dIld ]Sgfd rkc hd <keuf `g rjd rkc Xk;D X X Z T s X hd loof df gd henkv go ]kxsLi kuIkd ji gd utl go jk,v Skt lki d a s \ , s Z s uZtl go jkv 4kg k;x Ll ji ]ksg kLi jkehc henkv dS ]g; rkc ksr hygi , s \ , 9`rn Cgu k;D jkst kurb ji <kZeuf ]rn Cgu k;D jkst kurb ji lu'D s s X s s X Ild 4g rn jkt rgc ji 'o0of ji u'DILf ikv8 ]df g kNi su _ef dS T s s s q a , w 4Wd hji rkc huiv e jGf jk,v ui IksN kn dS 4g hjWt kuskg a w T z s s , <ksdIf1n dufkKo kd upkl Iw;IhIub hd lbkl drfki jkeg8 ]df kgd Xe , s s z s X kunf uhr ub ue Syflb 4kd rxt g k;df rLf\hi u Qxe/ jkv Krfhutkj s T s , s q Z , `kxksg k;D l e/v jGf kr ]g krdl ksg 0q; l e/ 4l e/ hrdl ksg kruhg s Z s , s Z s Z k;D ]kd e/ krdl ksg Cgu nkgst kd e/ dfk;D 4rdl IN Cgu hHd sl du Z Z X s w Z lm kr g du Cgd jxv Cgd jxv xje kst kt e nkgt d e/ 4g krdl ksg s , Z s X s X s s Z , nkgt kd e/ 94g krkt xo go g krje kst e nkgt d e/ 2re ksvkjc?8 ]k s Z , Z , X s s Z xgd Qqxe/ jkv 4sxaSkt l? e hrkN hd jln dS jkv xSkt yp jN jkv 4g s Z , q X s w , s a sq , , ukeyle henkv dS jk,v g ngV e df k{'f df kn' kn 4g uiyxki kld 4 q wa w T X s , , xn dkTH kjN e hrkN hd jln dS n' kn g; jk,v 4g Snf k[lf n' kn g; s X q X s w s T s 4g ukeyle e df g wa q T , kgj kypf go 4g ukeyle e df g kgj kypf go 4g ukeyle e df k;ky wa q T , wa q T pf su kayG 94g ngV e8 ]df g kgj kypf kjkpc go ]g ngV r 4g ngV r 4g wa w T , s , w w , w w ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 321 egaP

rkan rn yle klkjt 4hF hd jFi dS [kv ]F hydu ykc cl 4k;x ksg uk s s a s jg rgc go jd[n ksd ugn udfy kdW Syf d uxkae ke{ ulm ]kF k;ki k , q s w s s s s t Cgu _ef go 4F ryduf jgkc ugn jk,v kgn l yIksg dS nkc jH uhge s s w w s s e hnk' k;ki kt Cgu _ef dS 4dkTp Lc xksy 4kyef <_euf e ykl lhykp X s s \ a X 4kxsyef Cgu n;k' cv df Sx hg yH xksy jGf 4Cgu hg kyef ]kxyef cv w s ]kxyef <_euf kd hnk' cv df k[n su kxksy dr unf rgc 4hd hnk' cr k; s a s X q x ksg kd ykl lhykp hd hnk' e em hLc 4hd hnk' u henkv dS g kuql uTe X z \ s , s 4g rksg xky Nd udfy 4kukji hgo g cyre kd <keuf T s s q s q , Z jkv 4k;u g cyre kd utl 4g jk;r ksd sun ukoxH kpc k;u ]ksn ukv kv , , 1 , , s s s kuc gxt Syf d kpc Su e k;ufn 4ksn jd knof l ei lm ksr 4k;x kv Gj s X X q s zs s r hd suksg knof Fkg go df g cyre kd dekutl 4g eZ;kd dekupj g; , 1 , ]<kZeuf g; ~ ~ ~ rkn hydu kr Sx yduf rkn 4k;yf kxy Fkg hydu dS a s a k;x L[m Fkg dS 4hy kxy [kv hd jFi ksr Bx IG [kv dS 4hy kxy xk \ a w a a I hd hLdy kr Bx II xkaI dS hd henkv Pc dS lt g lS <keuf 4,g et \ s w s w\ s , , s s Z kd Su utl 4g krksg kjLP xkXL kvg k;kuc jd rksi7ihy hg kd ukjqi <keu 1 , w q s Z f 4g dG k;D e <kZeuf jkv e utl ]ksdikv g yk;[ dG e u'Sf jkv u , Z X , X 1 , Z X , 'DIld 4hd utl g kgj jd rkc e 4g kgj jd Cgu e rkc hd <kZeuf jkv 1 wa T wa T , 4g Syf d utl laoof 4dl u'Sf kn jkG uldILf df g k , s 1 s , wa gj gd g; e 4kgj gd Cgu e g; 4dl uldILf jk,G uldILf 4kLks\r Syf T T s s s s d uLks\r df krgd Cgu ue 4Cgu cyre Bksd kd uLks\r ]Syf d uLks\r df g s T s s s , jWt rkc g; 4g Cgu jL Bksd l uLks\r ksd rdkr hd ukuc 94 krkg kni jL , s s s s , kurb hg kuLks\r df g hpc Cgu udycf rdkr hd ukuc k;D 4l uLks\r g k;D , q s s s , jL kurb 4g krxy jL rgc ksLkr hg kLkr ]loof hg loof8 ]df g kNi uXkg , q s\ s s\ a a , w s m 4g krxy kNi l Z;/ Lc sulm g kNi ultf 4g krxy jL kLc l loof , w s , s \ , w s , \ s a eg udfy 4g hjWt kuLk[m lb 4g k;x Ll l Lt yekv tkel g; cv jkv X s , \ s , \ s \ w , 4xjd ''fksd hd ukuc s X s X e tkel syx7Ll lb ikv ksr Skt k;k>el e /cl d ukuc ksdikv jkv 4Sb s \ X a a s s , k>el Nd e /cl d ukuc 4Sgfd re rkc hd uLks\r df g rgd ikv udfy q X a a s s s T s s 4Skt k;df jkpof hH kd ukuc jGf kr aSkt ksg htkj ksd uLkr eg lb df g kgj s s s s\ s wa sn Syflb jkt llb `g kgj n jkt k;D llb 4g k;x kg hjWt kuLks\r skd yx s s wa s s X s , s s 7Ll lb ygi l sukuc udfsy 94dl kt k;kuc dfkr ksLkr8 ]g kgj gd g; Te s \ s s s s\ wa 4g kgj gd Cgu e g; ]g krkv kte rgc e uLks\r dfk;D ]kykL Lks\r df g wa T , q X s X s wa kgj gd Cgu g; e kr 4g klgf kd k;fi hd ukuc loof 4krksg Cgu hg u T s , z s a tl kucf d laoof 4g Cgu hg laoof loof 4g <jp kygi kd k;fzi hd ut 1 s , a , 1 a l loof gj uk; jkv 4ksg et kd Su dfkr ]g hjWt kuksg loof kd ukjqi s , , a s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 421 egaP

ikv <jkd kd rfxi hd kde kukn um 4hF Bg Cgu hHd hlt g Bg rfxi r z X q X s q , , q z Hnv su kde kn utf ji hoi ;el lb ]ksg ku tknv n;k' ksdikv 4,g hrkt q X q s 1 a xy e ukuc skd Su ksr ek,d g hrsy jd kdb ct lgkl kd un ukt ksd uk X s , s s s s ji jkc dS 4rdl gj Cgu eg Skuc kucf dfp 4kxLi hg kukuc ksd Su kr ] q s wa s \ s xn sukt ksd ukji jkv 4n ukt ksd sukji ]Sgfkp hukIt regf hg n[ eg df s X s q , X s q q q X g krgd g; e ]Skt kg 0; df g krgd Cgu g; e 4kjpd g k;x ksg kdb wa T s q wa T , rgc jkv 4g kgj ht kvg kLl g; hH ksr e de lb g kvg Cgu loof Bkd q , , q \ X q , q a s 4Cgu hg rIef go 4go g gxt cl 4kxksg e kui jWt go phu d Lk> ltf hxkXg hjg s T X w s s \ O ht krhl kagt jkv ]sxkXg syduf ht pekj kagt 4gxt go hxSkt yef jWt , a 4xkg jgO oLkai ojk,d eltf 4kxksg kuc e uket d rjkHkge kt kxSkt yef s X s X X s s s ukde go e spd hyx tks[ jk,v e kui Skt hH hHv 4g k;ki ksg Cgu kji d X wa X X w a , w r hHv go l 0; d rjkHkge g k;x ksg loof kt llm 4g d' rgc kugd s q s , a s s , q ]Cgu df kvg hH kd rjkHkge jkv ]ed l ed ykl jktg pkai 4kvqg Cgu n q , s kc d rjkHkge kvg Cgu l cd 0; g kri e ukrngV jkv 4k;x ksg k;u jG s q s q , X q , f ][n kd huet jdkt tkv 4hykL nkXj ksd huet jdxy rdkr hjkl hd k;uf X s s Z Z X q n kvqg loof jd;H kurdf e 0;kge jln jGf 4k;x kg jk;r jGf Xe ykl a a X q s w s , gi go 4e ukg jk;r Syf d uL\y kd huet xSkt xy "o kl cv df sF sr a X s s , s s s Z s a Z , pkl xksy jtqx l 0;kge ygi jtx l 0; kvg 'o0of kurb e huZet kago s s s q s s q s q q a X 4kdl uc k;u cl en dS k;x ksg e[ cl kukji ]ukde ]LikT> ukji k q s \ s q ;x ksg e[ kukji cl 4kjxf Cgu ji jxu jln kjxf hg ji eg eIS df hgj q s w ki hLc df g rgd xksy d ke'fksjgf jkv 4k;x kg k;u ydycf k[sn ke'fksj \ T s s , s q s gf k;x gj xn e sxy ugd go l ukikt Ik,y _ef je hHv ~ ~ ~kvkt udfy a T s s s ss s s ]k;x ksg ukjof ]k;x ksg e[ cl k;x ync cl 4Sx [l r[jn cl 4ukde w Sx yef l uhet cl 4k;x ksg jtc cl ]xXdl Cgu iui hH hHd hdklkxku s a s jk,v ke'fksjgf df F rpkl xksy kr kjxf eceIS ji hdklkxku ji ke'fksjgf s s s s 4ksg hyk[ gxt s dl kv k;u ]n ukt ksd ukji 4g hjWt kujd loof kd ukji ksr ksg kujd u X s s q , a s q tl kd Su 4g hrksg Cgu regf hd utl ksd Su udfy 4ksn jd kL[ jd rksi 1 , 1 s \ ihy jGf ]djd dkO dhO xkaI hd ukji 4g rgd go g xksy rgc yko ujd s s q T s T q s s u'DIld lb e de lb 4g oIDfIld hLc g Sky ugn kt g; 4kxksg kgj a s X q , a \ T w s kd Ifn dekupj kLc henkv g; 94re ksvkjc? er 4g hH hjgc go ]I G 1 \ q , w , L tb h' kyksc l jkst 2re kvkjc?8 ]kgd jdlg jdky[fy[f u henkv lm s s s a s 9 4g hd hnk' uer l h_ Bg hje lb 2uer g hd hnk' llb ukoxH sje8 ]kg , s q s q s q , s s d sulm 4hd iBki Fkg dS hF hd hLdy xakI dS 4F hydu cl 4F srkL[L[ \ s s \ \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 521 egaP

kp kn 4g kvg kxy jP\ g Sg [j cl go sxkXg Skv 'dIl dI Fkl sdum ksr s , q s T q s s w a hxksg Bg hnk' hd kXvknkn ikc ewyke ku 4g Bx ksg rclfqe hd ugj ksd kxky q , s X s d j? 4g kdb cl kago g krLi ewyke klsS g Bx Cgu hg hdG thp Bksd hH s , , \ T T d l j? lm 4g Bg h[j jd ykaHl hH go 4g Cgu kd uLk\> ;kim Bksd cv s T q , s s lutf Bx gj IG Bx II kt hH k;jfkgc hukji g db hH scL ukjqi 4ksg j? w w s a q q T s s kd hLkcd hldf lt kxy klsS ksr k[n j? k;x ksg ukjg jd[n udfy kjgO \ s , s , s s e j? dutf 4F henkv rfi[y rgc 4kF ukege dr unf Nd e j? dS Te T s s q s q X 4g rkt yp Skpc ]g rkt syp Skpc kd hlm eg ]Cgu hg srLks\r e T s s T s s g 4g Sx jL l uLks\r eg ]eg g k;x k;D ksg ]eg jkv 4g ydfe hujd kui T s s X , , , q d hdltf hd rfxi hld e ykl lkpi u lW 4rki jd Cgu Nd hH e "o z , X s s q X Z jktg uhr eg k;yf wN ukelkv e Z"o kl uhr u kdhjev 4g rkt yp rjd X , s T s s s eg go ]hd ujd kni pc jnv jkeg g hILb dS Glf eg 4g rjd kni p s , s a s , a Z T s , s c eg ]g rjd kni Skekv eg ]ek;kv eg ]g rkuc jkd g rkuc uh'e T s , a T s X T s X xksy drfkH 4g Fkni gsx g rjd kni gsx xksy drfk,H g xksy defk;kv eg , , Z wa T s , wa T 4g rdl jd kni pc ]g rjd kni thp dS Glf 4g sr T s , s T s , Z T jd kni hH eg 4g rxke Glf eg gj jd Cgu kni eg dfk;D 4g Iyfvpib , T s a Z s , X T . z eg 4kg Ibyj;hIe er er jkv g gj n hykx kdum g gj xke [hH lut s , q q , T s s s T s a s f jkv ]ksn [hH kdeg 4Sg uc hjk[Hf uekl d k;ufn hjkl 4g L[ g gj jd , s q s s s q T s \ T s xxVc yloufq; eg l ykl lhc kr cv 4k;x ksg kukyG ]Bx ksg [wH 4k;x L , Z s s i ykdv df g kL[ Lks\t Fkg cr k[n ct jkv 4g kgj jd hr[ l ykl jkt \ , \ s s s , , s s g pkai de kjkl g gj jd hykyn hd ukt y uky thp hdum g xy kst e q T s s s s X T s X hr[ go hH tkv l e kl hdkc 4g sxy e hr[ l e kl henkv cu d de s s X , T X s s X , s s q 4gj jd Cgu hH Nd jkv d hr[ lb ;kolf l ykl jktg pkai df g eg dS s q , s s s T 4g gj n utksH ksd k;ufn hjkl tkv 4hIG Cgu hH T s s q w d gjr ltf hIG gjr lb rDf' 4kvg ku hHd klt kvg <keuf kurb kd Rf w q , q Z il 4k;yf N 'kdkv u kdhjev Syflb 4g Cgu rhrv Bkd 4g Cgu thp hlt a w s , s , , lkgrfb Bkd 4Cgu hg g Nd kukji lki dum g em hd kr;l hdum yd y s , q q s , z q kl kl uhr 4g ykl kl uhr yod hg em hdlm 4g Cgu rhrv kukji Bksd lk , , , s z , q i dlm g de k;u kdhjev 4g kri ksdikv `hd k;D rfxi hurb u kdhjev s , q , X z s 4ksgj jkol re ji jlf jkeg cv 4ksj s d ke{ eg cv 4g rkt sxkv eg Nhi er df k;yf jd jkdeu ksd Nhi uXkg X T s s q s s m jd k[ eld e [hjkr hd g_l kl lhUm df g g; Ilf `g k;D Ilf X , , s , s `g k;D tkj `u lW k;df k;D udfsy 4k;x ksg k;D l k;D lW e ykl lkpi , s s X 4rdl jd Cgu e ykl jktg pkai xky lt eg hurtf s X s s , , q g Bg rfxi hurb e lW e ykl lkpi 4kd rfxi hd lW g Cgu <jkd Bksd z X X z , jk,v 4hn jd jkdeu hn n knof ksd ukji e g_l kl lhUm u lW 4g kri kd s s q X , s , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 621 egaP

rkt hi {o go g dFkl hH kst kjkl kd kjkl kdum 4g rkt ksg r"fks'ov g s 1 , Z T s o 4g hgj hrksg hLkchr[ e kr[ utf kr gj hrkg hLk\c hr[ ji kr[ d lXkL , \ s X X s s s s s X s s i jkv ]ksg ku hLkchr[ Bksd ji lm ]kgj kLi jtc dr unf rgc r[ Bkd sl \ , \ s \ a q s s , , t 4g <jkd kdlm 4g kgj ki jd Cgu Idi 'n Bksd kd k;ufn hurtf ksg Id , z s q i kHrfi hurb e rjkH n;k' kr Skt ksg jk;r ksd ujd rxko kd Rpf Su z z X s , s jk,v y jd regf g; rjkH jxv 4g krgkp kugd g; e rv likv e jkv s wa X a s T , 4g krdl kg et , s kd kHrfi hd rjkH ksr dl ksg k;u go jkv dl ksg k;u go dfkr ,g ykol z s , s kd uync j,kv suLs\kr lm g Rpf k;x kg <htkjt kst go 4kjkeg g Lbke g s s , s Z , a o g kgj gd e kt 4g kgj gd e kt g Cgu ykol kdlm kd uLkr thp Bkd wa T s wa T s , s s\ X s 4g hjWt hujd Gkl ef , H hd Rpf d 'sn 4g hjWt kujd Gkl lm df g k;x kg kdb kurb rki7lk w s , s , s ? 4xkXg Cgu kni yG e lk? sxSkt ks[ thc jGf ]jGf8 ]kxgd henkv go 94x s , w X a s s X Lk\[m ksd XkLt eg ]Cgu hg sxLk\[m ksd lk? eg g ruke kd <kZeuf eg 4ksjd \ X T s s <kZeuf kc thc ksr er ]kn ugj kr g hukji Lt ]kn ugj ksr g lk? ]ksjd < s q s s s , q X \ s s , Zkeuf ksc thc jv 4ksg gj jd laoof g; k;D8 ]df g gj gd jk,v jgkc d t s s T s s s kojn g L[ ikv g krn dG jd ykduf Lt jd nks[ kd uhet ]g krsn dG T s \ , s T X \ s , T jd Lk\[m kd lko7lk? ygi kr 4k;kxy kphxc ji uhet u henkv Bksd slt s s s s , 4kxjd Gkl Zxke go df g kurb <jkd yd kdlm g krgd kt Syf sd loof s , q wa s a 4kxSkv kte rgc >e ksr aSkt II thp df krkv Cgu kte >e Bksd ]g Cgu lj Bkd q s q w X s q , s >e l loof Bksd e ksr 4dl kv jdv k;u dl kv k;u e gxt lb dfkr k s q s a T s q a s X s vkuc gxt elm 4g kdb Lk\cd kurb 4g hgj Cgu gxt e Rpf 4g Bx Li X , , X , \ hed hd li ]kvkuc gxt jkv 4lb kjd xyv ]kdG ]kvkxy xkv ksd ukekl s s , s s s T s g; kr ]ksg kukpc ksd henkv ksr k; g kujd ;<uf dS l e kn cv 4kxSkt s , Z s X s je henkv 4xSkt pc cl <;kekj ]krhx hxSkt pc ckrdf hd lkgrfb ]kx s a X Skt pc ukekl sxje eg elm 4kxkg loof ksr g Cgu hjk;r hd loof jxv X X s a , , a 4hxSkt yduf Fv hjkeg 4 kxgj k[j Cg; ukekl cl g; jkv ]hxyduf Fv hjkeg elm jkv 4hxLi hd s , s X , s \ Fv Glf hxLi Cgu hd thp hldf rjWt 4Skt Li rjWt hd thp ldf c Z s \ \ d Cgu kri 4k[j jd kpc cl re ksdG Nd 4g xkenf kd rjkH hg; 94Skt s T q , Li ekd thp hl7uk,d cd Cgu kri8 ]xy ugd go 94kdG ksdub 4kg Sg Sdf \ s s s T s q db Syf d gkd g;8 ]kNi lum sue 4g db kago ukekl urb d kvg je s s s w s T T s s s X q s kX;D ]ydfe kugj kd henkv kntV e j? lm 4g kueu dlfkgrfS dS j? go q X , w s 4g Sg [j hH xv Sg T q s a q sw s II dum Lkouf hdum kxksg krksl Bkd e j? dum xyi utf ygi hPh\i ln j s X s a s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 721 egaP

r hd uxf'ker 4xgj r[n lm kxkg kt g gj [n j,kv 4g gj jd k{rfi hd s X s s s s s T s s T s z ;kH eg jkv 4g k;kN hd eJ ;kH 4g krkt kv ;kH kgo g krjd eJ kt , , , a , s 4hxSkt kg ydfe kr kukljc huki Sx yH e ykl rkl 4k;n s q s w X f kljc huki Cgo ulm ]"frfk; aSkt e LkH 4aMkt yH kukljc huki e df k s s X \ w T s g ku klS e ykl rkl Cgd df g krgd dhO hH g; kpkl u hync lm 4kxgj s X , s s s kr lk;v kd ekd ed l ed dr cr 4g dhO kr k"o hxkg ct g Sg [j s s , s Z s wa q s hjkt ekd kuiv e Syflb hxLi ekd ldf kr hxkg hH k"o kr kujd hr[ k T s \ s s Z s s ;x yH Cgd 4Mkt ku je Cgd aMkt ku yH Cgd kpskl ue Bx kg rke kr ku w a w s T s , s Oc 4k;x kjc? Oc7Oc ]kgj kOc unf rkl hjc ]g kul ue8]kgd u ukldf lm , s , s , , s , q s T s 4sur Cgu kul g; g kgj jd k;D 4hxkg Cgu dr ykl w q , s rkl k"o df g kgd su k;"frfk; df Cgu kri >r ukldf [e jv8 ]kgd ul Z , X s s q Z w s s m hF hryduf l jiM hync hl7hIkN dS k;nf jd W' kunk[ r[ nkc unf s s q s s rkl jgkc jdkv ulm 4g hrkt hd ld hr[ df xgj kr srukt ed l ed 4 s , s , s s X s s kxgj hjkt kr lk;v ed l ed 4gj hg rnk[ kr r[ 4hg xnk[ kr r[ eg s s s X s s s s s X s s s 4kxkg kt kxkg ct kpkl ulm kr 4Mkt yH ku g; g hrkt hd ld hr[ Xe s s s s s s a w , s , s ykl rkl kr gjr hldf kji7kjke k;x hH pc jxv jkv 4kxpc Cgu e kr Xe s w , wa T s ykl rkl kr kxWd ku Nd ]hd uje Bx kg rykg g; e unf rkl df kpkl s a q s s X s 4Sx Li yhP ji Fkg 4k;x kjc? rgc Oc sOc e j? unf rkl 4kujd jk;,r \ s , q s , , X k;D r[ jGf kr hxkg Cgu hg k"o ct df Snf [j d ykHl jrhH d ukde s s s Z s a s jd kOm j[Dc y[ ukekl kuiv ulm kr hxkg Cgu k"o dr ykl rkl df s s s Z T s g rgd "frfk;8 ]kgd su kxky jc[ hul kF kgj nk[ r[ go 4kF k;nf jd s X s q s s W' kuyduf su k;hync hIkN7hIkN 4hF chjd d ukv k"o kF kgj jd hjk;r h q X s s s s Z , d r[ uiv kjkpc ukldf dS 94kxjxf Cgu huki dr ykl rkl8 ]df hn jc[ s s s s g; su k;"frfk; jkc dS g kul ue 4Wd hji e rkc jkv hukgd hIskN dS X s , q s T a w T , 4hxLi hujd k{rfi hd ;kH udfsy ktH k[y k;u ]g hgj kt hI? lkl s \ z s s s , q a ]ukoxH g 4g nc k;dfL[f j,kv ]cl kjd k;u ukoxH g 4g nc tkojn jkv s T a a \ s s T a s , 4ktH ld ]ukoxH g 4g kgj yp uti hgo 4g gj ktc hI? ]g gj kxy x s s q s , w T s a T s kH kd ukoxH 4g Oc [H n[ g gj kxy xkH hgo g gj kxy kdhI unp hgo s s T s , s w q T s s T s a ~ ~ ~kd Su g rdl kt tk[ _l d Su 4g krdl kt kvg s T s s s w s , q k;u df g krxy >e 4g kr[n Cgu <jkd Bkd e kd ukg 'kjuf udfy 4krL , s q wa s s T s s s i Cgu Bk[nf Nd jkv e ;ofH d k'kjuf ;kolf jGf ]jGf kr 4kg ku hjk;,r \ q , X s s s hd ukg Su jkeg udfsy 4g ydfe ji hoi kutk[ kHrfi hLc l rjkH n; s s s , q 1 s z \ s k' kr y jd hjk;r hd ukg k;u jxv rjkH 4kg ku kyckde kdlm Skv yl s s , s s s q G skt elm aSkt Li Nhi r[ d lkLi jkl kr n dG ukn Bkd jxv ji lm X \ s s s s \ s s s T s s 4g kLi hyk[ Bg Cgu hr[ l ykl kjktg eltf g k kL\i , \ q s s X X , r[ dS jkv 4g hrxy sukg ylG ed jGf ]g hrxy ukg <h{ hr[ jGf g s , , s , s s s T
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 821 egaP

4g k0J rnjct hje df g krgd g; go g kvg kjL skt 4g kgj gd , s , , q , X rkc g; Syflb g kvg kjL go udfsy g k0J hLc e uiv >e ]krjL Cgu , q , \ X s s q ydycf e g krgd go henkv kvg kjL henkv dkijL dS udfy 4g krht jk q T , q s s , luv dlm g krukt go 4g krjd k0Jv ku g krjd k0J ku henkv kyko u q s , , , s ukt kd uiv pepl hH hHd 4djd k0J g gj jd kji kd hjkted go 4k' s s q s T s w s s eg g rkg xky jkted go 4Sgfkp hujd k0J rnjct g rgd xky kt jkv s T s s s s T s s s , 4g Cgu rjWt Bkd hH , s hd ugd k0J kdlm ji 4g Cgu hg rjWt hd ukuc Nd llm g hrkt uc i s s , s q s , kv uiv k0Jekv llm jkv 4Sgfkp kukg ukKekv 4kjd rnjct hg hurd s s , s s f `g kyko sukg k;D llb kjd rnjct hurdf 4g kgj jd rkc hd uiyxki , s s s , X ydycf go 4g krdl Cgu je e df y jd k0J henkv dS lt 4g ry jd q wa T s s , T s s a Sk0J e kthp ryx eg `g k;D krkg `g k;D krkg udfy 4g Cgu ;H Bkd X X , s , s s , s s lm 4g jk;r k'eg Syf d uyp yhe pki go 4g krdl yp yhe pki e g , , s s s a wa a T , krukt henkv kt 4g krkt uc k0J ikv uiv ukKekv jkv 4Sgfkp kukg u s , s , s kKekv 4g rht jklquv dlm eg ]ji ukg d ukK lm ]ji ukg kri lm jkv T s s s s s s s , 4Sgfkp kukg kri eg cl um `g rdl jd Cgu k;D g rdl jd k s X T s T s ;D eg kd k;rDf' hjkl huiv eg 4Sgfkp kukg ukKekv df g krgd e Syf X X s wa T lb 4kxSkt kg sphu l kehl go dfk;D 4sxaSkt Li e ukldu hH kr k;df ed s s X \ X q s jkv 4kxSkt kg jgkc d kehl go dfk;D ]Li e I>> kr k;yf jd hrnjct , s s X s \ X a s 4kxLi e I>> ]kxWe kr g krdl yp yhe lhpi ]kxWd lkoof e jkv wa X a a s wa a T , Sgfkp kukg uk; kd k;rDf' huiv s>e 4g krdl yp yhe pki e ]g Cgu r s X q wa a X , jWt hd lkoof k0J Bkd elb g krdl yp yhe pki e I? dS e df gd s X wa a X s a T wa g; e 4g krdl yp yhe pki e 4g Cgu rjWt hd lkoof7k0J Bkd Xelb T wa a X , s ]uekv ;if jse . z s u ZlkdLf a s k;Lfb ]kui ub uoxf lDkI a w tk[ hd rjkH Su s s s k'kv 4jd jkdho ek<i kje X z s 4g kr wa jd ek<i kd kekeji Oc jrhH dcl e rv jkv g rgfxuv rgc sllm ku z s s , s X a , wa z q q ql l rfk' jkv ei surb kd krkc hje Cgd ue Xrkc hl hLkF Xe kunf uhr ub s a , zs s X s s T s\ X 4hrdl et Cgu kHrfi hd z rjkH lsS 4g kgj kg k;D df kg kgj [n kd jln lt jhxgkj ]g Sg L[ gj s , s s s s s w s , T q s \
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 921 egaP

kxjd k;D jdkg kLc kIc kdlm jkv 4Skt kg kLc kIsc kdlm df kxjd g; s s \ s , s \ s go `kxjd k;D jdkg kLc kIc kdlb 94g rkc hd te Lc jkv 4Skt kg h[ql s s \ s , s s \ , a s pc IkN cl je 4Skt skg hnk' hd hdL\y hje 4Skt kg kLc kIc kje df g s s s s s s s \ s s wa kgj ht Syfhlb e8 ]df g krgd henkv dS 4g rkc dS kuy jktx ;el 4 T , , s q kxy jktqx ;el ]kg 4krdl Cgu hg ht Bkd jd Ldi kd O> dfk;D 4kxSki C s a s \ s w X gu ht hHd go 4g krLdi kd kjk/kv ub kt jkv g rHjk/kv dlm cl g; , \ s X s , T w s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~kd ygi kr ]g rjWt hd jk/kv hH kdltf s s , s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lkgrfb jk/kv dS hH kd k"Qi jl s X q 4g Cgu rjWt Bkd hd , s k0J 4kxkg l ukK g; ji 94Sgfkp Cgu kuxkH hHd llm g krdl jd kt ]S s s s wa s gfkp kuLi Cgu e I>a> lm g krdl jd Cgu kt 4g krdl jd Cgu kurdf \ X wa s wa jkv g krdl jd kurdf e df Sgfkp huukt rkc Xkukn g;8 ]kgd u hyv kr , wa T X s s s 94g Cgu ;ekl hjkgr hd ukOm ji kjln udfy 4k;kn gkp k;kc , Z q s , w s a s a gkp kg rdl kOm hH Bkd er 4g hjkgr Z;ekl hd ukOm ji dS ]Sgfkp ku s s s s q , q s , kv >el kder8 ]df kgd su hyv 9`g krdl kOm ld kjln e cv 4kdp kO s q wa s , w T q m ygi ji dS e ]g krdl kg ld g;8 ]kgd ulm 94ky kOm jiM hH ji kj s , T , s s , s s , ln er cv df8 ]kgd su hyv jGf ]k;yf kOm jiM ji k;kc kuiv sulm 94ky w q , a s kOm jiM ji dS kuiv er8 ]df kgd llm u hyv kr 9`g hurdf rdkr h , q s s s , jkeg8 ]df kNi u hldf l hyv kr kg ]hyv nkc d negke 4g ukeyle dS w s s s a s , , q 4g rdl jd Cgu eg g; jkv T s , g rdl jd g; eg df Sgfkp huukt rkc kukn kd henkv uke0fc jkv 4sr T s X X s s q , dl jd Cgu kurdf eg df kxyp kri hH g; jkv 4g rdl jd kurdf eg s , T s df kxyp kri hH g; 4hxyp kri rkc kn k'eg ji uukt jkv 4Sgfkp kuukt s X X s s s , kd suiv kdeg 4g rkc hd nkc cl g; k0J rnjct ]k0Jekv Syflb kr s s T X s 94kF kj/v df kryp Cgu s a hg kri kdlm g krkt kyp go ]g kukt kd henkv ltf 4kyktm k; g kjs/v s , , s , a 4Sgfkp kuyp Cgu hg kri kr Cgu g rjL l ukt e j/v ikv df g kryp s T s s s X s s a , kri kdDi llb kr krjL Cgu l sukt e j/v e df g rgd g; ct ikv jk s s s X s s a T T s , v 4sxSkjL kdikv dL\y jkv 4g hn jd jgfkt rfFf huiv uikv8 ]df k[yf a s s , , s s T X ue e hpf jkv ]h[yf hpf tkj hlm 4htH jd[yf hpf dS kdum ue kr , s s s s T s 94g krkt kyp kydv e rkj sj/v wa s X s s a T wa e 4g henkv dkujr[ rgc e 4kxkg Cgu dhO kr ]hd LcLx u hldf jxv Xe q T s s \ \ s k{d hje8 ]Cgu krjL l k;Fk|of e df g hd ugd rkc Bkd g; sjv 94g s s X T , s s wa Cgu krjL l Fk|of hldf e df 8 ]kgd ukgm unf hg ygi dfk;D 4,g henkv s T s X s X kvg kjL jkv Lokd rgc henkv g; df kxy >e kr Skv ukPi unf hg yg q , Z q s q s s \ s i jkv 4F rkPi htzsxv Copki s>e go ]kF krPi e e yd ltf F d{'f jse , s s \ a a q \ T X w s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 031 egaP

yef kr hHv ]ku kxsyef yd '; udfsy 4kxyef nukv kLc eg kr Skt ye s s a \ X s f '; >e df g krgd Bkd kr 4g k[k/ kuykI ]lm kykI re ji jlf d jl s q , s s , s s s s s n hldf Syflb 4g jk/kv kd uoht hg nukv kd uoht df g g; cyre kjse w , a , 4ikv g hgj >el T cyre kje `g k;D nukv rgc g rnfaukv rgc kgd ulm jkv 4dr rkj sl s , a q wa q s , gcl Bx kg hdb ky[J dS hd nukv k;kl e rkj ]k;yf nukv e kthp hI q s 1a a s X a X X s kN cl hd hxntV jGf jkv 4k[n kd tjl ulm l nukv jkv Sg u'n d t , s s w s s a , q Z s jl jGf tkv df k;nf nko;/ kd ukoxH jkv ]kOm l nukv gcl henkv kt w s , s a q s 4g hrkt kg hdb , s h'kj hjkH hLc hd naukv l suy naukv jHunf e k;f hIkN7IkN kr 4ky nukv \ s s X s s s s s a kji ky lj kjwi elm jkv 4kn kuc jHufo kd k;f hIkN7hIkN d;i hd u w s X , s Z s s s s z oht 4kugi l nukv ji lb 4kn ykL re lsS kdlb kr uer g hugi hLkl d X s a s w s s s s s s q , \ S 4y k[ l naukv ji kd uk[ lb kr 4kg ku jGf kuk[ >kl df g krdl skg wa s s w s s s s a , g kOc uk[ kuk[ 4y yef l ei jwi llb kr 4dl kg ku kuyef yd df g wa , s wa s zs s s s s s , krdl kg kr g Bkv uyef l>e h_ Bkd 4y y l nukv ji lb Syflb 4kg s s , s s q s wa s s a s w s s erfv lkl g; df g krdl kg df Sgfkp kuy lS >e kr y ku hH lkl dS a a , s s s s s q s wa a 4Sgfkp kuuke ;y hg kd uht jkv 4Sgfkp kuht s s , sl nukv ji jkv rDo hlb Sgfkp kuht kr >e `llb kxSkt yef uoht k;D a s w , s s q s X q gr ]aSkt kg spc Skt kg hnk' Skt kg kLc kdLy kxkg k;D jkv 4kd uht s s s \ \ s , s s g kgj jd ukiIki 4g kgj ht Syf dlm jGf 4kxSkt kg kdLy kd sdLy jG , s s , s s \ \ f ]kxgj krkg sxkv kr g; 4kgj Cgu hg ht go 94g kgj jd ruge Syf dlb s s s , s s cv ]Skt kg hnk' hd hdL\y hje8 ]g krgd go jGf 4k;x kg kLc kdLy jG s s , s \ \ f 94g kgj jd ruge Syf dlm e kr ]kxSkt kg kLc kdLy kje cv8 ]df g , s s T s s \ \ s , krgd go `g k;D kyko ukuc jk/kv 4l h'[ hji Sgfkp kuht yi dS dS , s s q w 4Cgu kd thp hldf jkv Sgfkp kukuc jk/kv hg kd uh s , s s t kr g kuy naukv kji kd uoht jxv jkv g jk/kv hg kuiv 4g jk/kv hg s , s w , , , n[ uoht dfk;D 4Sgfkp Cgu hg kukuc jk/kv kd uoht eg ~ ~ ~4kF Cgu ; q X X y kd hxntV Bkd kjkgr g; udfsy 4kvg kLc hH kpc df Sht gjr lb eqr s q q \ 4Skt kg kLc kpc g; df Sht Cgu er Syflb s \ q udfy k;df ei hH kdlm uer k;kv hH kpc dS elm kg gj ht sl nukv s zs s s q X s s a surb er 4g rkc hyko ukv e >el g; Skt kv kpc l uht jkgr ]kd uh q , s X s s s q s t kukuc re jk/kv kd spc 4kxSkt k[ jk/kv hylv kr ktk[ 4re hg kut s s s s k[ jk/kv kjln Syflb 4g jk/kv hg n[ hxntV df g kugd kjse kr ygi kr s w , q , s s s 4g rht jduke Fv kd hlm jkv 4g T s Z s , T sry tk[ jk/kv d F; Nd eg Syflb 4krLi Bk[nf Cgu Fv Bkd e hxntV s s s Z q \ Z s s eg dfp udfy 4Glf kvg kujktx ;el kr g; 4Skt kg kLc kIc kdlm go X wa s Z q q s s \ s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 131 egaP

4kF kyduf Syf d yG s w lm e ku ]kF ky[f Syf je ku yG go 4k;x Pc xkv jkv k;yf nukv kdl T ss w \ s , a m ue ]k;x [nf yG jkudf d rkj jkv g kvg ky[f yG j? d cgkl ~ ~ ~ s T w s s s , , q w s ~ jk,v 4kyduf l rkj e hlb tgl e hxntV go ]kjkgr kxksg Cgu ;y go s s X X q 4kxksg Cgu ;y g o udfy 4hxkdl hH ki lum ]hxkdl hH n nukv gm er cr jkv 4xkg Cgu s s s s s a X q , s X jkgl go udfsy 4sxyef hFkl l rgc g kugd kje cr jk,v 4d hxntV ji k s X s q , s s X ji uiv kvkt ksg L[ 4kvg kt cyre kje 4ksuc kjkgl n[ ksvkuc re kjkgl , s s s \ q s s q ksd hldf 4g Cgu hH Nd lki d kukn ksd un jk,v g xe[Hf kuksn j,kv 4Skt , q s X s s s , s a X a yef Nd df g Sg SkyG Fkg hH kjln go jkv 4Skt yef Nd df 4g kvg q , q , w , a q , q kL[ Sg SkyG Fkg uekl d xe[Hf jln kxe[Hf dS lt k;x kg slS g; \ q , s s s a s w a s , s s 4g henkv Sg jL kukn eg jk,v 4g kjkgl >e kdikv df ksg hgj g T q s X s , s q d er jkv ksg hgj gd er jkv ksg Bg hjL er jkv 4g kjkgl >e kjkgr d q , q , q q , , s q q f g kgj gd e kr g kvg kjL e 4g henkv Sg jL kn hHv g k;D rykg hHv wa T s wa q T T q s s , 4yef rDf; rnfukv kuksn d s a X fk;D ]kxksg kd nukv hH <{ go kr ]kvg Fkl kvg <{ Fkl dS jxv Bksd X a s q q kjkeg kr ]kxMht l nukv urtf e ]hxkvht l nukv urtf er df g g; ku s a s a s T s s a s q , uke kje 4aSht l naukv kuksn eg kr kXg Fkl e <{ dS eg jxv jkv 4aMht s s X s X , s a T s l nukv e 4kvht l naukv er df kxgd go Syf ldf kxSkjL 4kxSkjL Cg s q s u hH kd h_ hldf go Cgu kvg kjL "Qi kt 4g kvg kjL kst g hgo krkjL s q q s , q , df g hg; hg kugd ksr kje 4g kvg kjL hH "Qi 4g hg; hH kd "Qi ]kag ]akg , s , q q , q 4g hg; hH kd "Qqi , 4kd hldf hHd ]kd hldf hHd kd Ic hHd kd rfi hHd ss 4g hrtks[ kjkgl hH go 4g Cgu Fv Bksd e hxntV hH hdlm 4g kvg kjL u , , Z X , q e hH kd h_ jk,v hy jd kni hekyqx 4hd hekyx jkv l ykl kXjktg g k;kjL , q , s , 4hxksvkt dIH kr hxksg hL[ hydv s \ s er 4ksyp ji jkgl jkeg er kae df kxSk>el kIc jGf ]ksyp ji sjkgl jke q s s q s s g df kxSk>el rfi jGf ]ksyp ji jkgl d ikc df g krk>el ksd hIc ikc 4 s s , s hrdl kg Cgu hL[ r kjkglc df g kvg k;k>el g; ulm ]dS 4g kvqg k;k> s \ w s , q s , el u "Qi go 4g hry kjkgl kd "Qi h_ df ksg hrgd er kst g; jkv 4g s q , s q q , , u/kl rk;i kuiv n[ uoht df g g; ugd kje ksr 4rki Cgu ht g rjktx Z q , s s s T s q ;el Glf go Syflb 4g krksg e ukero uoht jk,v g rksg e ;ofH k'seg Z , X Z T s X ;y ]g rkuc ;y xksy surtf jrjuf eg kr ]g xkv go ]g xkv go 4g n T s a s , s , s , tk,e cl kLc jkv sxkv ksr hHv 4kvg Cgu hH Nd kvg k;D df kxgd '; go w \ , q q q s 4g e;kd k_k; hd sxkv jkv hd '; ksr 4kxSkt yef '; yd , , jGf 4Syf d yd g gj ykI eg kr unf kd tkv ksr kxyef yd 4g kgj Cgu s T s s s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 231 egaP

dS df g g; kte jkv 4Sx ksg >kc Syf d hlm er k[j Fkg uer ji /d , , s s q s q s a dltf dfk;D 4ku[j Cgu Fkg ji /d d hldf udfy ]lum nukv kuiv xXj s X s a s s s a s d j;' eg xXkg rnfukv eg sxyef Fkl go ]g dhO ]xkg hH hFkl ]xkXg hH s s a X , s X s _ef ]hxksg hH kae kxksg hH kIc kxkg hH rfi ]xSkv l jkudf xky rgc jGf s s s a s s s q 4Sgfkp kukuc jk/kv kd uoht rxrDf; uiv ksd ds;i df g g; kugd kjse s s z , 4g Syf kuc /cl ryx ueg dfk T a a s X ;D ]kxyp cl g; 4g kgj n k[ks/ df kF k;kjde e pl df x[j pkat eg s , s q X s X hH ksr k;nf jdkjde k; ]k;nf Cgu ckot jdkjde tkv df hdlm xy Ldi q q s X \ unx eg ksr kxn Cgu hjkeg g k{siv g; g k// kd tkj g; ]kxn ckot jd Z s , , a s s kjde hH rfi kjkgr udfy ]kxy kNv gr k;nf okct gr jdkjde uTe q q s X q X q q s 4kF Cgu kun kusy Nd l>e dfk;D ]Bg '[ er k;yf jRm kd s q s q X q q q jkdeu jdlg ue jkv >e djd jkdeu uer jkv hyef >e ji rkj eqr a s T , s q s s q , s q s jxv 4g Cgu k{iv Bksd g Cgu kun kusy Bkd ku llm g <jkd hgo g; `k , s , s s s , X ;D 4Sgfkp kuksg knk; 4rksg Cgu '[ urm jdyef l henkv d j? hg uiv s q s s s s ]g rksg 'q[ surtf jdyef l henkv uktuv eg hHd ]hxksg ukjg er Syflb T s s , q 4rdl ksg Cgu h[ql hH s d dr cr kXg xky _ro kuksn jkv ]Cgu kjkgo kjkgl 4Skt ksg ku hFkl go s a X , a df dr ct ]hrdl ksg Cgu rnfaukv Fkl d rfi hldf hui Bksd Syflb 4rd s s l ksg Cgu hHd rnfukv eg Fkl dlm 4g >ksc kjkeg rfi dltf jkv 4k;x a s , z s , s kg >ksc dfk;D g krksj rDo kji kryp Cgu kri 4g krkv /ks ji lm g >skc X , w , T eg Syf dltf jGf 4g Sg Skuc kjkgl kd jln dS go dfk;D g >ksc rfi s T q s s w X , Syf d hui 4g >ksc Syf d rfi hui 4g k;x ksg >kc hH kjkgl ksr go kr s , s , s s 4g Sg Skuc kjkgl kdlm kae hPc go dfk , q s w\ X ;D 4g kgj yp hg; jrhH ]Skt ksg hlkoxo cd g; 4g >ksc Syf d Ic ke h , a Z , s ss a Pc 4Ski kjkdIqN llb jk,v ]jd gkoof hnk' kdlb cd df g kgj gd go ]g w\ a s X , , >ksc Syf d ikc hIc 4Sx kg >ksc er Syf dlm jkv ]ku k;kuc jk/kv kr s s s q s , s suer dfk;D 4aSk<{n g rkt ksg >kc Syf dlm eg rkc ksr hygi g rkuc q X T s s s T s jk/kv eg kdltf `g krksg kjr[ k;D ksr Cgu ]Cgu jk/kv kd hldf ]Cgu kjk s , gl kd hldf 4g Sx Pc xkv jGf g e naukv kuksn eg g yef Syf d <{ d T \ s T X X T s s S eg 4g e naukv uiv yG ]g e naukv uiv e 4Sgfkp hukg hlS hxntV lc , X s w wa X s T s s 4kvg '[ jk,v kg k[n kdlm jk,v kd q q s s s s <{ dS g k;x jgO henkv dS hH su yG udfy 4Cgu kgd Nd leg u y , w s q s s G dfk;D Cgu kri eg g; ]ksg kvg '[ hH yG ksr ksg kvg '[ lm jd[sn B w X X q q w q q s skd 4g rofht hH yG df g krdl kg jkv kvg '[ e jk,v k[n lm ue jH , w , s , q q T s s s T hL? 4kF kyduf l rkj lm e kF ky[f yG go df hF rkc hd xk;al kr g; \ s s T w s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 331 egaP

s d henkv ltf df kF [An kd gjr hjln cr 4eg rjd Syf d gkd ektrb q w s s s a s kr Cgu 4kLi kujd ektrb kjkl g; kr Syfhlb kF Cgu nukv hH cr3k'kv \ a s a s s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ g Sx cn dfk;D ]kX;D3dpko , X 4kF Cgu nukv hH cr Cgu ]Cgu3k'kv a s s 4kF hg kuki pgi dr um ]kF nukv rgc cr ]F Cgu kt g e;uf d qa a q s s T s tkel dS Nd ]hui rfi kt g Sg /kac eg d tkel Nd kst ku ]ku3dpko q s , q s X s q ~ ~ ~tZoi ufe "f+ go kF h[l uk,d3k'kv w q q s s 4F h[l rgc hH go F kt ygi leg l jkpof jkeg udfy3dpko s q q s s s s s s s 4hxSkt yef >el jk,v oHuv kd q ykl k,l pkai kdum dfk;D 4g >elku knk; e lum 4xSkv pc kt nkc ykl s X wa T s s a s s , kl pkai yko ukv l>e df g g; cyre kje 4kuy >el cyre kjse3k'kv s s s q , s s s s ]Cgu3dpko 4g rksg >el ku hg k'eg kr toi3k'kv T s s s Z w s s ~ ~ ~k;D toi jkeg jGf ksr3dpko Z w s 4Skt uc xo tkel ksr Sgfkp kuskg udfy 4tkel kjkeg g Z s , Z , du g knax en dS ]g kyx kLl ydycf tkel Syflb g Cgu l tkv3k'kv , \ q , s s s 4cl g jHuf jiM d ~ ~ ~ k;D tkv Syf d tkel ht Z;kpkv3dpko , Z s s 4k;x ks[ cl naukv nkc d gkoof 4F rnfukv lt ksr ]ksg k s s a s , gj ezsi eum jxv ]kF kvg Cgu gkoof dr ct rfi hgo jkv hui hgo Syfl X q , b jkv 4g kgj kv nukv e kX_ef 4g jgkc d rknc ksr g h0c hH jH rjf j , , a X , s Z , q s xv 4g jgkc d rkZnc go 4g rkc ~ ~ ~ ]hyxv hg ydycf kuksg hui rfi d , s , q fk;D 4g krdl kv gjr hd _ef kn ]krdl kv Cgu l gto hd uksg hui rfi X , s s s 4krdl kv Cgu naukv hHd e hui rfi ~ ~ ~3dpko X 4kxksg >ksc hg >ksc cv 4Bx cl go krUli ]Sgf z kp huksg /xl kt hd uoht k;x kyp hg lj cv jkv 4Bx ksg hGdoc g; cv a q s , w s 4hy k[ eld su kukn um ]Cgu sxkLks\N df eld ksg rk[ 4g rdl Cgu LkN X s s s T s s\ cv Bx /c cv ekxy g dhO df kgd u tkel jkl jkv jd koxy jdDp r a , s s , kl ]g hn ko/c ekxy hd kukn su <kc jkv 4g Sg Ldi ekxy hd hui u , a X s z , , q s \ s rfi 4kago kg; Skt ku dl[f Cgd 4g Sg Ldi hui ekxy hdlm g rfi dS a , q s \ , 4Tg Sg L q s di ekxy l Xkchdjr jkv `sxn nukv k;D 4g Ldi ekxy hjkgr e ksg Ldi \ s , X a wa s \ q T s \ ekxy hje er `xXn nukv ld kr g ryef rDf; Sg /c ksn ct jkv g rsn s q s a s , s T s q s a , T s nukv ksd jln dS ksr g ryef rDf; rDe ksn ct df g >el hje hH g; jk a s w T s q , s , v 4Sgfkp huksg rDfe hdlm kd hIyfyohoLb hd rDf; dS dS g kruke Te q s a wa 4kruke Cgu hg ksd <in d jkgl e Syflb 4g kgj tks[ kjk Z s s T , gl hH go Bx kg rchle rgc ksr cr 4g Sg [j Fkg kuksn ji /d d sjlwn s q q T q s X s a s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 431 egaP

4kF krkIt utksH ]kF krky utksH go kxksg kLc q \ knk; dyfke go kF krdl jd go jkd'f ]Bx LNif go kr 4dl >t sl kXj \ s s w oukt hyxt jdkt kt ]F Cgu lle lsS 4dl jd jkd'f go df hF Cgu htk a s s s s , yt hd h_ go ksr 4kF krht ji jkd'f henkv dr ykl kXjktg ]kF ekd kd w jkd'f l,t 4hF hrki Cgu hg jd h_ go df F lS ekd Nd dfkX;D `Sked s s s s q s , ld h_ df kF Cgu hg krNl jkv ]kF go krked4hF rdkr hjkl hd ZFv e w , X Fkg d "Qi df hy jd kFo; g; ueg jGf 4kF Cgu oHl ygi l tkv g; s q s a s s kvg oHl g; cv 4dl kcn ku go df g rdl jd ektrb eg ksr Skcn jk q a s T s a , v Bx gj Cgu rjWt hdlb Skcn kd jksted jordkr eltf hy jd rlfdo s X f tkel hlS dS ueg cv cv udfsy 4kgj krkcn kdlm "Qi ksr ArokHo ]g s s s q , jksted hLs\kF go l tkgyf d jhj' 4hF Cgu e Fkg d h_ kt hF rdkr e s s X s s X Fkg d "Qi `g k;D kvg l,t ]g Bx kv hlsS rfFf dS cv e lkdof jkl l s q , q s , X s b g kvg lkdof kst kjkl kd kjkl g; df g g; kte jkv ~ ~ ~ hg ygi ufk; , q , , s 4hF hrdl ksg Cgu hg hL[ dr cv ]g hrdl ksg hL[ sl \ , \ r;lfg hd yohoLb h_ df g Bx kv e rykg hlS k;ufn cv jk,v hrdl k , a , X s q t Cgu h>el ji kag; rkc hd kr_ef 4g hrdl kt h>el rkc g; df g Bx , , kv e rykg hlS k;ufn cv jkv 4g k;x Ll hH g; kync ksdlb jGf df g k X s q , , \ s , ;x kv rDo jGf cv udfsy 4F rkyp yc kd hOky e tkel kt F jkn>el s s X s s knk; l ktoi um go hd gkoof hn kFo; ukgtf rdl ksg Cgu jkn>el kn s X Z w s X s k; l kIc yko ukv suiv udfy F jkn>el knk; l ktoi uiv k'eg towi s X s s s s s s X Z w s s Z 4hF jrgc llm kFo; g; 4hxksg jrgc llb go x s s s s s n kFo; eg kt ksr cv 4rdl Iky Cgu hHd eg ksr kgo ygi ykl jktg l X s s , a s kpi ]xaSkt Iky Nhi eg df g Cgu g; cyre kdlb 4xgkp kuync hH ksd k s , s , s X Fo; lm eg cv 4g k;jfkehc hjln df kyp kri eg e kFo; lm cv 4B T a w X X x ksg kFo; go 4ksg kFo; Bksd hd tkel ]kg e;uf Nd ]ksg /cl Bkd 4k; s q a a s df ektrb go 4kLi kujd ektrb Syf d suync ksd rfFf lb ~ ~ ~xksy sjkl a \ a s 4sy Ldi ksd kukot jnl jkl h_ dS k; y Ldi ksd k;_f \ X qa s s \ X jnl hjkl henkv dS df kF kvg g; ek<jfi kdlm ksr 4kunf um hF uukd qa q X w hg rdkr ksr ~ ~ ~hxksg kagt rdkr ]rdkr 4k;yf [j jd /kc kd kXdLy rjwl s \ c[ ukot sukgm ksr hgj rdkr e Fkg d kX;_f kgt g gj hH tkel slS 4kx w X X s a T s s s jd Nd kyko rdkr Syflb g rdkr e Fkg d "Qi ]h>el Cgu cyre kjse q , X s q 4hF uhr yod g; udfy3dpko s s 4rjk,v jktg gyksl Bksd hd < 4hH hHv ]k,l pkai nk X ckjng ektuf hH hHv 4g e;uf hg rdkr 4kF Cgu e;uf Bksd ksr jkv hF hg , , , rdkr 4kF krkt ksg kL[ jdj? ksd k;_f rjlc[ hjkl go ]ksg rdkr e Fkg \ s X w w X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 531 egaP

kv <jkd kLc lcl ]g dFkv <jkd kLc jk,v hjckjc jx l gto hdutf 4 \ s , \ , s xLi ukIef <jkd dlm g Cgu kyko uksg l rhprkc g; ksr g hujd ylfkg h s X \ s s , s s , jckjc hd "Qi jkv ]g kuksg _ro jxv ksd k;_f hd k;ufn hjkl ]kd hdLy q , , a X q s \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~uksg L[ ji okai uiv ksd k;dfLy s s \ s X \ 4g kyeke hg kd li hH go hH krif j[fkv 9`L T s , X i e I>a> k;D eg k;nf jkrm >ksc kGn dS ueg df g rgd go jk,v 4aMkv \ X X s T s Iky kago e df g rgd krif `kagd Mkt e8 ]df g hrgd go ]kagd ksvkt~ ~ ~ , T T s a T , 4g krkt krjd Fkl dlm rfi jGf kr 4ksy l rfi ukde ]ksy l rfi kl,i ]ky , s s s s s s l rfi kLid ]ji rfi jHuf ksr g udfsy 4hrgkp kujd Cgu go 4ksjd g; g \ Z , ; er df g krgd klsS klsS rfi go df g hrgd go Bkv hdLy dS hg yd q , , \ `hxkvkt kagd er kr n jd jkdb go tkv jxv df ksg hH rhH;H s q s s a er kr ksg jHuf ji li dr ct er 4ksg jHuf er 4g krked go g kl,i ksr q s Z s , q Z q , , <jkd kLc lcl 4g Sg Skuc <jkd ulm kr Syf dlm ku g kt lDykd hI \ s T q s s s , s s a jk;hjil lm 4g <jkd kr dlm 4k;x ksg W' kuksg e[ go e epfi 4g <j s q T s s q X T kd dlm 4ku ]ku ]ku g <jkd dlm Syflb g go ]kxSkt ksg e[ go3k'kv s T s , s s ~ ~ ~ lDykad hIjk;hjil go3dpko s s q 4rdl gj Cgu jHuf jkgr ji li ksr eg df hxgd go ]hxkg Cgu ITLiLf h s Z s q s , s s s _ udfy 4Skyp ekd kd j? jdyef kuksn jkv 4y jd ivyi kuksn df g rk s a X , X w X , c hjln g; 4hxSked hH go g dhO ]g k;ked uer g dhO df hxgd g; go w , , s q , s 4hxuke Cgu k s uiv ksd li d rfi suiv h_ hH Bkd ksr 4g krgkp e >el hlt hxPc >el s , s s wa T , s\ jk,v hLkF e k;ufn ct ksr 4kxksg dyfke l iW hnk;ufc go kxSked kst go s\ X q s q 4g rkc hryx g; 4ksjd kokn kd uksg _ef kuksn rDo rIkac jk,v go ksr Ske , s X s d ufk; g rkc hd hukeBc g; Cgu ]Cgu 4g hukeBc Xrkc kuksn g; ksgkp hH k , s T s X rexl jkv ksgkp k/ofl hjkl ksr hd li er dfk;D 4Sgfkp kujd jkdub yd q , q s , q X q ycf 4Sgfkp kujd jkdub l suksg jHuf ji li d "Qi lm ksr Skt ksg r{f' s Z s , s q s f l dhO h_ df g g; ksr rkc pl 4hH hHv ]g hgj kt hyp hruke rkc hd s , T X hGdoc k;_f hd cji dfk;D 4rdl ksg Cgu hH hHv e kXde d cji udfy w s a w X s X q s w s 4g hrdl ksg _ef go cv 4Cgu rjWt hd uksg ekyx ksd h_ c , s q v Syflb jkv 4g rdl ked kukn "Qi jk,v h_ df g hn ky rykg hlS u h , T s X s q , s s tkykuDI e k;ufn kGn hygi kr 4g krdl kyp hH Bksd go g rkc hd ukyp s , X q s , , s ksd uh'e cv 4"Qi ku g h_ ku uh'e jkv Bx hyp lki d uh'e rdkr 4 q , , s hn jd e[ l Fkg d henkv rdkr e lkdof d htkykuD,I 4Skcn uIc kst k s s X s s s xLi kuky ukoygi Bksd df Cgu rjWt hd rdkr Bksd Syflb jkv 4g Cgu y s \ , , kol g; Skcn h_ df Skcn "Qi 4g hrkt cn hytcf hd j? jkl l ukcn uI q , s s s c cv df k;yf jd lkdof klS kd htkykuDI ueg cv g Bkv k;ufqn kt cv s s s , s , s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 631 egaP

~~ ~<jkd jln 4g ekyx hH go g hgj hH ked kt g k;dfLy rgc hHv3dpko s w T q T s , a \ q 4hrdl ksg Cgu ekyx hjse q er cr 4Bx kg rDe er ksr k;ked uer df g kgj gd g; rfi e jgx rg q s q q s q , X s q c udfy g kgj jd rkc hd ezsi hurdf rfi df g hrksg '[ hLc llb h_ j s , X , q \ s , kv `hxksvked k;D er kr g krdl ked ct e 4g ykol cr gj Cgu ct Te X q s wa T , wa 4g rjWt k; , D hd suked gr g e ct df kxgd rfi Sked h_ df kxgkp Cgu hHd rfi X q wa T s s Syflb 4Bx hIhjil hd rfi hg l,o Bg jHufo hg lt er dfk;D 4ksjd ekd sq s q Z s , q X Nd er df g Gky[f d rtb je df kxgd rfi Syflb ]ksg h_ jHufo q q , s ss s Z df kxgkp Cgu rfi ~ ~ ~jHufo l iW dFkv ji kd h_ ksr dS ksr 4kxksg G s Z s sw s kl cr ]hxLc hurtf lsul;hlkXd g; udfsy 4Sgfkp kukg cklgf dFkv kdlb s \ s 4g Cgu cklgf dFkv Bksd k , dlb udfsy g hgj jd go ekd kd suhge SiQ kl ksn go g hgj jd cl g; , , , hui go 4ksg rn kuhge SiQ lhc hH skdlm ksr ksg r[j kyko ukxy hjkgx d s s s s q S ]ksg rsn kuhge SiQ lkpi er kdlm ksr ksg r[j kyko uks/ kLid dS 4skg s q s s s \ srsn suhge SiQ lkpi er kdlm kr 4kg r[j e j? k;Bkslj dS eqr lt 4g q s s s s X s , , Cgu ;e dFkv kdlm udfy g hrjd hGkd ksr ekd go 4Sgfkp kukg xk;u w s , s s fof dFkv hH kd ekd lm ksr g hrjd ekd go hH e j? jxv jk,v 4Sgfkp , X hukIt regf hd suksg L[ ji ji l iW dFkv kd h_ df g kugd kje kr q s \ , s s , s s 4g t;ktku xkae g; kr ]kylfylf x[j hjkt eg , s s X hg; jkv 4sxjd Cgu hH g; eg Cgu df g rgd eg jxv jkv 4g Cgu hH n; , X T s , , ktku endS xke hdlm ArokHo4jd kvwN ksr ji jkeg 4ksgj ksr hlkn hjkeg a s , s er ed7l7ed df ]kxsxkae "Qi kr Nd e sync dlb ]kxLi kuksg j;hjGfub q s q s q X s s \ ]kxLi kuksg ekyqx gr e sync dlb kr 4hxSkt hyp hrjd LkaeLf go 4,g Cg s \ X q X s s u Gf Bksd kdlm hdlb jd krpV go ksr kg uk'ji ]Sked Cgu g ji lm h s s s s , uk'ji hjkl 4g ji lm ji krpV hjkl 4hxgj jHuf Glf go ]Cgu hxjd Nd s , s Z Z s q go 4g hrksg hL[ Fkg hyk[ hg ydycf h_ dfk;D 4hrdl Cgu hg uc ksr e , \ q X X ukrngV ]e lW g hruc hyefG ksr 4g hrjd gkoof l "Qi h_ dS ct jkv q X , , , s q , 4g kgj ked "Qi kurtf hg kurm ]g hgj ked , q T a k;_f dfk;D 4g Bx ksg uhyof hIjfil hd "Qi e lW kr g lW lt ]kd d X , sq q X s , s , Fkv 4g k;x gj <jkd kjlwn cv 4k;nf jd F; kdlm u lkdof jkeg ksr g , Z s s s o dfk;D g kgj Cgu hg cyre kdlm cv 4g Cgu cyre Bksd kdlm cv 4k; X , , x ksg hukeBc cv <jkd go g jordkr "Qi kF jkv <jkd dS ygi ]g dF s , q , s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 731 egaP

i lphI ji jkv 4g hd hL[ u kX"Qi hGlksyGf hji ]u "Qi k;k[lf g; 4kvk q Z sw , , \ s q w s q s t ksg jHuf ji Ic ksr kvkt ksg hPc ]ksgj jHuf ji rfi kr ksg ukot ]ksgj jH Z ss s s w\ Z s Z uf ji ikc ksr kg hpc er ct 4ksg hrdl gj h[l hg jHuf er df g k;x k s q q Z q , ;k[lf g; dr unf urb kdlm g kt h_ 4e jgx lcl 4g k;x gj kd Lbke s s , s X s s , s w ln jk,v dS g k;x gj jk/kv dS kd Fv g k;x IN jk/kv dS ksr go kr , Z , w s 4ksd hldf krdl kojL Cgu l rdkr Bksd cv 4cv g Cgu ykol Bkd kago kd rdkr Sy s , s flb 4g hukec rdkr cv 4hn jd e[ rkc hd rdkr u lkdof d htkykuDI , s s s s s , 4ku g ~ ~ ~ 4h_ df ksg "Qi er df g hrNi hLk\gd udfy 4k;kcn uldf df C , q q , w q s s gu hrNwi uh'e kjkv go 4krLi Cgu dG Bkd llb ]Skcn h_ gkp Skcn "Q \ Z s s s q s , i gkp g kukcn uIc ]g hgj yp uh'e kjkv hd hytcf cv udfy 4k;x ksg , s j;jfhil go kr kxSkyp I? ksn go ]hxSkt dF e Iuef pkai kr hxSkyp k; q s sa X s 4hLkgd hurm hrdl kyp Cgu h_ Bksd g kgj kyp hLkgd henkv dS cv \ q , \ q 4kxS kt kyp krksg <h{ go kF dG kt kd rdkr l gto hd htkykuDI jkv ]hxS Z s s s s , , kt hyp hrksg rlfdof htkykuDI e kyeke cl 4ku >el cyre kje ikv 4k; s s , X X s s nf jd jckjc kd kuksn ksdikv e suLkn su htkyskuDI hd jIke ]kxy jd Cgu s X X ,\ s , s wa obkL l htr knk; e l gto hd suksg "Qi je ksr rkc Bx ksg hukec g; ]g s s X s q ss s wa kgj jd obkL e g hgj jd obkL h_ dS udfy 4hrdl Lkn Cgu tr hurm T , s ,\ s go kxLkn l htr hGkd e skr ]hxLkn Fkl je h_ dS Lkn e lt 4hxSkt wa , s s T s ,\ ss a ,\ T s , skg hukec rdkr hxksg rlfdof htkykuDI l,t lt dfk;D g kuokHl g; 4g ku s s s , s s , X , a , okHl g; 4g krdl kg tojf g; g hrdl jd g; 4g hrdl jd ~ ~ ~3k'kv a , s s , T s s ~ ~ ~ ~ df g krdl ksg g; xkv3dpko , s ~ ~ ~ g Cgu cy , re hH Bskd llb 4g Cgu cyre Bkd llb 4g Bk[lf u "Qi g rkc hO> y s , s s , s q , w qdycf 4hxSkt Li ji uhet kr hxSkt jxf 4g hrdl kg hL[ hg jkgl dlm \ s , s \ s s go rfkaH hd kry g h_ jk,v rfkH hd {o g ksr "Qi df g kgd ksd Xk;_f , a 1 , q , g k;x k;k[lf dr cv kt Lbke kji kdum kjln rkc dS 4g Cgu jHuf yd , s w w T Z q ycf ji rfi go ]hxSkt ksg regf hurb 4g hrdl kg hL[ hydv go ufk; T s \ s ]kxSkt ksg yc lki dum 4kxLi dG 4kxSkt Li dG hnk;ufc g Cgj ked Cg s s \ Z \ Z q T u k;ufi kst jkv e k;dfL\y um kr ]g hrked hg lt k;dfLy Bg hd hnk' a , X X s T s , a \ q ~ ~ ~ ka;dfLy Bg hd hnk' Cgu3dpko \ q 4n Lks\N kuked go jkv Skt yef rfi X , a s kdum cd df g hgj jd k{hri Glf go g hgj ked k;dfLy kst go ]Tg hg T z Z , a \ j ked k;dfLy kst go g hH jkv <jkd dS 4g hH jkv <jkd ku ]ku3k'kv a \ T , T , s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 831 egaP

4g hd kni elm su "Qi kt ]hxL\i huLks\N Sk<jk/ hlS hl7rgc ksd h_ T , X q s X a s q udfy ]Bx gj Cgu BkuOfd Bksd 4g hrdl ksg ukel ji yckdqe ]g hrdl skg s , s , _ro tkv h_ ksr jdpkl sxjd eg jxv xks;ufof kji kd rfFf Bu lb g a s X w , Bx kv Bu kt rfFf hjkl g; ksr 4g [An rgc lb Syf dlb jkv 4g iWd s T q q s s , , q rgc i'fu'syjf g; 4Sgfkp kukt gj /cl g; hg dr _ef ]Sgfkp hg kuII q a a w =Iiv-3dpko ~~~~~~ ~ 4Sgfkp Cgu hg kugj lki d ikc7kae ykId kd kXpc 4kxksg dufkKo tkel s s a , hg l,t kxSkt e Fkg d II ykId kjkl kd kjkl kd kXpc g rkc hjln jkv s X s s s a , w , 4g hrksg rDe go g krjHuf l gto hdlm kst go , q , Z s 4g krdl kt k;df rDe ydycf 4g krdl kt k;df rDe llm g huk'ji h , q q , q s , s d uhge k,u kt ksd h_ 4g krdl kg kLc hH e cw;I II ksr go 4g k;x gj C s s , s \ X . , , gu hjWt hH g; ksg kLc kpc hg e Ii d ke 4rdl jd Cgu hg kuid eg \ X s s a s hdltf tkjkge g hrkt hrPc hurb aSkuokHl ksr cv ]kr cv rkc hjln jkv T \ a s w , 4,g Cg u kd uLi kji hg ji h_ Bksd >kc kd pc df Sgfkp huksg kFo; yxhy h s \ w s s nt rgc h_ go 4hd ujd Lc uyki ksd spc ]g Cgu hjknsetf hysdv g; 4 q s s \ s , , g Cgu hjknetf hydv hd h_ Bkd g; g hjknetf ukel hd h_ jkv "Qi s s s , s , q g; ]hd ujd kL\c ksd spc ]hd suyki ksd pc ]g kst rkc hjln cv rkc dS s s , w 4hn n rdkr hLc u ykId Fc 4hxdl ksg Cgu hL[ yc s \ s s a Z X \ s kde d kX"Qi hrjd Cgu xk;i l yc ji ka;_f ji ykId Fc dr ct jkv 4C q s q s z s sw s a Z , gu kuid hdltf df ksd h_ hn n rdkr hLc hurb u ykId Fc ksr 4hn jd s \ s s a Z Gkl rfFf go u htkykuDI 4hn jd Gkl hH rfFf go hH u htkykuDI ]akg s s s , s s s , 4g hrkt skg , jHuf go ksr 4Sgfkp kuOc j? kdlm hH e uyki ksd pc uhge AN jkp 4g Z , s X s s s , hrkt ksg jkted 4hrdl jd Cgu ekd hrdl Cgu ked go rDo urm dfk;D s s X g hrkt ksg jHuf go g rksg kni pc ksd h_ hg lt 4ui kd kXpc Fkl d , Z T s , s s , z s h_ hF go hn jd e[ hH go e htkykuDI kt hF rkc dS hjln ]rkc dS X s s , s w 4g Cgu klsS ekyx Bksd dyfke Bkd udfy Sg jHuf ji jln dS e , q s s q Z s w g ksr g rgkp kujd j;' eg g _ef eg ]g Cgu jHuf ji hldf hHd eg 4g T s s T T Z , ILiLf yvqp;ef 4hrdl ksg Cgu ILiLf udfsy g hrdl ksg lLiLfjIub 4g C X T q X T T X X , gu jHuf ji hldf Bksd udfy g rdl ksg jHuf ji jln dS eg 4g Cgu jH Z s T s Z s w , Z uf ji hldf Bkd df ]kxLi kugd g; jkv 4kxLi kuLkr jpDI kd Lbke g; s s \ , s \ s\ , 4g hgj [hl hgo jk,v g hgj uql T T s kdum ka;_f g gj k>el hgo cl go 4g d k"Qi /kl hlk;l Qx g d k"Q T s T s X q q a q T s X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 931 egaP

g ykol k;D kd tLfsy ]IG go g IG kst Cgu df Sgfkp kujd jkdb yqdy , Z , Z a cf kdum 4g hrkg '[ hLc ka;_f jkv ]IG tLfy8 ]df g rgd go e epf s T s q \ , Z s T s X i jkv 4g kruke u'IdilDS d k/ofl "'of go dfk;D 4g krkt kyp krksg , , s s s q s X , jksted jk,v jkted l uyef k/ofl "'of jkv 4g hrkt hn Syf d kjksted s s s q s , , s X k/ofl "'of ]kdeg Cgu yk;[ kdlb g hrkt hn ksd kXjkted k'eg k/ofl " q s s , s s q 'of `g k;D k/ofl "'of dfk;D 4ji kdtk;l d kHl 4Sgfkp kukyp kendqe s , X q s X X s a s ksd kXvkygfe hjkl 4g k/ofl "s'of Syf d kXvkygfe e kHl df g rgd eg , q s X T s 4g; g Lpduv 4g krksg eyke Lpyduv 4g krskg , Z , w Z , ewyke rlv jkv g Orfv ydycf g; 4g Sg Oc e uk,d dS jdkuc L> a , , q , q s, X s qa dL\y 4g Bg hOc e uk,d dS jd kuc Lqa> dS k;dfLy g; 94Skt Oc kago s T q , X s a \ , go Skt yef gxt ltf kagt jkv Skt kv ct kst g kuOc e lkyD hjse jxv s , , , X 4kxWd Cgu rkZnc e g;8 ]kgd ue e lkyD hje 94hrdl kg Cgu _ro hH a T s T X s s a d er dr cr ]kOc Fkl d kXdL\y df hrdl kIt Cgu regf hH hurb dr q s , s q ct er8 ]df kgd l k;dfL\y ue 4xyv kd kdLy ]g kd uOc xyv ksd Xk;d q s X s T X \ , s , fL\y kr hF hrksg lkyD hje gxt7gxt ]ikv ku g gj >el cyre kje 4g C s s T s s , gu ykol kd tLfy hH ksd hldf Cgu ksd tLfy Sgfkp kun Fkg ksr kg rjWt s s s s 4ky y jiM ksn sn Fkg kuiv ksd tLfy df rkc dS3dpko s s s 4rkc hjkl sxSk[lf kdlm eg skr ]kag 4kdlm kxxy <wiukel r X a s s s Z q gc g; hxksg '[ hLc hui ]sxkvkPc Fkg ksd hui jkv ]xksvkt Pp ikv ud q \ s \ , s \ fy 4g rkc hd tkel j,x df xgd k;D jd[n xksy d lkilkv 4xIVlub xskg s , s X s s s d er ~ ~ ~ ~kvkv8 ]df gd jd kPc Fkg lS jkv Skt Pp e uI hui hdi q s s \ s s , a \ X s kv jxv ]ku g gj >el cyre ikv 94xIVlub8 ]df krn jd jkdb rfi kr T s s a s 94kg k;yf jiM ksd rfi s jdLdi Fkg uer jkv ]ksg Bx Pp ygi e hLkx er df k;nf hHd uer Cgu \ s q , \ s X \ q s q kdk,e klsS udfsy 4g rkc hNv rgc g; hxksg hgj ksg '[ elb er jk,v 4skg , q q X q hryki kd lLuiLf l Fkg suiv er jGf8 ]kgd ue `k;D udfy8 ]kgd ulm s X s s q s T X s s 94g ryx rkc , g; Pp jd Ldi Fkg kjkgr ji lm g hrdl Pp ji hPhl ltf e 4g ryx wa \ q wa \ \ T , rkc g; udfsy 4nko;/ Syf d ei 4g hrdl Pp e dfk;D 4g ryx rkc g; s zs wa \ T X , df ksn jd jkdb8 ]df kgd kd hui hdum sue Syf d uy kPp ksd hui k; a s T s s s \ kPc Fkg phu sukgm Pp e hLk\x hg l,t rfi kr 4F hui hdum jk,v rfi dS \ s X s\ s s s s ~ ~ ~ ~ dS Fkl je 4kF kgj Iky l kjxkv e ~ ~ ~ ]ku g kyeke kt g; g; ss , s T , s 4kxLi kuyduf cr yduf jdy kdlm rfi ct jk,v 4kxLi kugj nc s \ s s s s \ a e j? kdlm 4hrdl ksg Cgu hHd ukel d "Qi ksr g hrkjc? l dD/ sd he X s s q , s s nkv ryp ji dLl h_ jxv 4g kvg k;df kni elm u "Qi g; ]Bx kjc? s \ , q , X s q go jkv ]k;x xy kdD/ kd henkv dS ji dLl jk,v g hgj kt h_ slt cv , \ , ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 041 egaP

fk;D 4krdl Cgu ksg ]Cgu hg krkg henkv klsS dhO Nd ryx Nd 4g krksg d X s q q T hO henkv k; g krksg ryx henkv kr k; g kuuke kje dfkX;D 4krjd Cgu kd , s , s Nd g krjd /kjof kd kXrkc Nd hd h/kax df pkl ku hH l yH hHd Bksd k q wa s q s s s w lS 4g krjd /ksjof kd ji e ksr dS `kX;D ,g rjWt en dS 4g rjWt rqgc s wa sw T , ~~ ~ 4ksg gj sy kn;kG kji er kdlm 4rjd Cgu jkdb er go g hgj yef Sk/ s w q s a q T a ofl "s'of kst kder l suksg utjfg jk,v 94jdyef henkv lhr ji kg; `ksg S q s q s a kv ugd utjfg ksd uiv k;D er kgd utjfg ksd uiv er df g uk,d krgd s s X q s s q , s q s ler 4rgkp Cgu kuIef er df g g; rkc ksr hygi8 ]df kgd lum ue kr q , s s T s 9`Ief ld utjfg df ykc go ]slum u s s , s s s e jk,v kag ~ ~ ~uke ksd hldf utjfg kr e8 ]kgd ue kr 4g krksg Fkl sd kXjk T s T s T s , s ted k'eg jkgo; "'of jkv 4g jkgo; "'of hH g; 4xjgO hg e j? d s s , , s s X X s utjfg eg df g rgd ht h/kax go cv 4kF jkgo; "'of hH go sxjgO Cgu T s s X eg e j? d utjfg df kF kgj kt k;nf u'xfdjf kdlm df kF kuket dS X s z s 4g kvg k;df ekd kLc rgc l ujgO e j? jkgr u ht kekge l u , q \ q s s X s q s s s jgO e j? jkgr kt ksg k;D er ]kg joukt df kg henkv er 4g Sg jgO Xe X s q s q s s q T q s j? jkeg ht kekge df g kgj jGf krgd go jkv g rcl kd kruhg hdlm s , , , w g; dfk;D ]e krUli rfv kdlm Gdoc jk,v g Uli kLc utjfg jk,v 4go X X z s w s , z \ T s g gj jd jkdim hjkH kLc g; g rjgO e j? d utjfg h/kax kekge ufk; \ T s X s 4g kuk[nf kphu hH g; ]kphu kdlm ku[j hjkt kdlm , s ]ku[j hjkt ksd utjfg ]kuuke ksd utjfg dfk;D 94kxyp Cgu e kr ksyp uj X wa T s s gO e j? d utjfg df ksgd er udfy ]kxyp e 4g kFo; hd ujgO Xe j? X s q s wa T , s jkeg df ksgd l>e kvkv er 4Cgu hg ykol kd utjfg jx jkv utjfg 4g s s q s q , , wa krjgO e j? e 4kruke Cgu utjfg ksd hldf e 4xkXg ruke utjfg ksd hldf X T T s s h/kx ]kruke Cgu utjfg ksd hldf e df g; rkc kr hygi8 ]df kgd ue kr a T s s T s 94F srjgO ht s h/kx lt ]rjgO Cgu k;D e j? d utjfg ikv `rjgO Cgu k;D e hukykd a s , s X X s s X X s hd kutjfg ikv8 ]df kgd l>e ukXgm 4Skv uyef go 94g rgkp kuyef sl X s q s s T s ikv eg 4rjgO Cgu k;D ikv F rjgO e huksykd hd kutjfg ht h/kx slt8 s X s s X X a , ]df k[yf s>e jk,v ]h[yf hpf >e ukgm ygi 4Skv utjfg lhr7lhpi ]S q s q s X s kv jd kuc yLe kji dS ]utjfg d nkcknegv ksr 4kF e nkcknegv e hHv a w s X T 4ksjd jkdb ksd kvk/ofl 4kxSki Cgu ksg hHd g; g hIdL a X q , fsId g; 4g hrkt hyp Syf l te Lc go g krn Sk/ofl kst "Qi udfy 4g a T s s s \ , s a q q s wa jckjc d "Qi e ]g hrgd h_ r{f'f l r{f'f rDo lb `g k;D kte jxe s q T , s , 4sxkXg L[ Nhi eg kr g Skv Nhi eg 4g s \ s s T s , dutukeiv go ksr g krIg jkv ]kxksg kL[ ygi go k;kv e w;D ygi skt 4 , , \ s X s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 141 egaP

B Wgsu jxv ]j;hllVub Wgsu ]kag ~ ~ ~ ~ ydycf Wgu 4g gj kt yp Sdf j q s T s s kd;t7;t kd h/kax jk,v 4hd sugd rkIt Cgu regf udfy g r>el ryx y s q s T s dycf kd h/kx Wgsu jkv 4r>el Cgu dhO kdlm h/kx dfk;D rgd Cgu kd q s a , s s a X s s lm g r>el dhO kdltf Wgsu dfk;D 4g Cgu d' >e ji hjknukeB hd h/kx T s s X , s q a 4g d' >e ji hjknukeB hd Wgu g krjd Cgu d' e ji hjknukeB , s q s aq T hd h/kx ]kxksg ukldu l uIkd ji g; ]g Cgu ydycf jIDkL udfy g jknu a q s s , , q s , keB hg ydycf jIDkL df g krgd g; e udfy 4krgkp kukpgi Cgu ukldu q wa T s qa q ksdikv go ]g Cgu uen kdikv go ]kgj Ikd Cgu ji Syf d li go 4kxskg , q , s s , rgf kdikv l uIkd ji kdikv df g krxy lm g henkv jknukeB endS g s s , , s , o g jIDkL dS ]ku g gj >el cyre kje 4g henkv j;lflV jhHx dS h/k , T s s T a a x ksr 4krgd Cgu e g; 4g gj jd jkv kxkg ukldu llb df g rukt h/kx T T s , s q s T s a df ]g ukeBc h/kax8 ]df krgd Cgu g; e 4krjd Cgu d' ji r;uf hdum Te T s T 4ku g gj >el cyre kje 4g ryx go g krxy dhO gm kt udfy T s s , , X s s g gj jd go g krxy dhO kt gm ]henkv jknukeB ]henkv j;lflV h/kx T s , s X a g krgd e l,t 4Cgu /acl Bksd kd hGlkyGf hd h/kx l uksg dhO dlm g kj wa T s a a s s s , lwn ydycf kyeke go jkv ]g krgd dhO e e yeke ltf ksd h/kx ]ku g g q , wa T X s a T s j >el ikv cyre kje 4g Sg ugi ryx go kr thed g Sg ugi kLid ik s T q s s T q s \ v df hg LkF g; cyre kdlb udfsy g krgd ryx e g kgj yduf kt l x s s\ wa T , s s kenf dikv 4g; cyre kd dhO ufk; g krgd dhO skt ]g kgd dhO kst e kt s wa wa T s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ht h/kax8 ]df kgd kt uikv Nhi uikv3dpko s s s s 4kpgi Cgu hHd ksd de hldf l ujke ksd rDf; dS hldf kur qa q s s tf kxspgi ukldu kLc kurb ksd de kr u de kuke jxv ksd h/kax df g k qa q \ q s s q , rLi Bk[nf klsS s>e udfy 4g Cgu kZtg Bkd elm 4jd /ksjof kje go Li B \ q s , s X X s s \ k[nf ryx kdutf kr ksg ryx go kyH df Li Bk[nf klS >e jxv 4g henk s s s \ s s q wa v dkujr[ kLc e jGf kr Cgu 4Sgfkp kujd >e go g krLi Bk[nf >e kt \ T s s q , \ s q s 4hxSkt ksg k;g hd de lb kr kvg Cgu /kjof kd h/kax jxv d q s q s f g krLi g; Bk[nf s>e dfk;D ]Sgfkp kujd /ksjof kurtf ksr Cgu jk,v 4jd , \ q X [n regf hjkgr 4g krjd ed rgc ksr e g hjWt en dS /ksjof kd h/kx s q wa q T , a 4g ji xkenf k;kN hd h/kax jkv 4g Su h/akx 4g krn kIcuf e "o g krkv , , T , s X Z , unf dS 4g kgj kIcuf g Cgu Gf Bksd Oki kti jkv ]d Oki kti Skolf g , , w , s w , kgj jd Cgu hg Gf Bkd hdum g Bx et y/ e ykl k,l lhpi dfk;D g s , w X X , Cgu hjWt kurb /ksjof kd 0c jkv jhokge 4g <jkd kdlm ]g <jkd kdlm q , , , 4g hjWt rgc kujd /ksjof jk,v 4g ry , q , x go g kryduf l xkenf lm hH kt Syflb 4rgd Cgu k;D g rgd k;D g , s s s T s o df g Cgu ykol g; 4g kugd kje kt g ryx xkenf kd h/kx 4g hrksg ID , , s s , a , , sz Lki Bkc hd xkenf hg dS go jkv 4g hryduf rkc hjkl l henkv hg dS d , T X s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 241 egaP

dl yp hg thp ryx jkv 4g rkt xy "o kXjktg e uyp ksd thp dhO g , T s Z X s , ydfe hg kuyp ksd thp dhO ]ku g gj >el cyre kje ikv 4g ryx tke q , s s , l kjkl dfk;D g hrdl yp hg thp ryx df ~ ~ ~ g g; kte kLc ~ ~ ~ ~ u X , , \ s jd /ksjof kdlm jkv 4g ryx kji go g xP kd u[n kd hxntV kst go 4g , , w , a s s s , hGksyGf e h/kx kst go g rgd h/kx hH kt udfy 4g krgd dhO e ZFv ur X a T s a s s wa X s b go 4g kgd dhO hH hHd e e Fv ltf ]kdum g krgd e hH kgt kst go wa T X Z s wa T a 4aSkt dQ ujk,G ksr ksg d' 4kxSkpgi ukldu k; g ryx go g g qa q , T s j gd kst go g Cgu d' kdum 4e j[fkv g kgj Ikd hg unx hH kr ]sl I; , s X , Z s lflV ydycf sn Ikd unx hdikv henkv dS dfk;D 4g dkujr[ I;lflV hd q Z X , um df g kugd kje Syflb jkv g Bg hn ukgm kt 4hF ryx ydycf I;l , s , , q s X s q flV hd h/kx udfy 4kF Cgu henkv Bksd j;lflV gjr hd h/kax udfy 4sF ke a s s kge kXLdl e ukrngV Fkl d h/kx 4g kurb kjse cyre yd kd dhO g kr \ T X q s a , q wa gd dhO kagt e kst go g Ghydr kt hje 4g j;lflV endS udfy g ryx T , s s T s T ydycf h/kx 4g Cgu j;lflV udfy g dhO knk; l h/akx Wgu df g krgd q a T s , s s wa Te ufk; 4g Cgu j;lflV gd ksr e ]Cgu kd ryx jk,v dhO g; e ku ]ku ]ku , wa T T =Iiv-3dpko ~ ~ ~er k q u kg gj >el cyre kje 4kd Wgu kxpgi ukldu elb ]kxksg kyeke ydhI s s s s s s qa q X yfksi g; dfk;D ]rkIqt Cgu regf hd ugd go g; g dkujr[ jkv ]g ryx X s s , , , ydycf go g rgd kt Syf d ykId Fc kt h/kax8 ]df Sgfkp kugd gm q T s s s s a Z s X ksr g rn ugklki Syf d ykId Fc Wgu jxv dfk;D g ktg ]g kZtg ku ]ku T s s sz s s a Z s X , Z , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~k;nf hg ukXgm jkdji kr kd dtk;uf3dpko s q s s 4g dhO Nd cl h/akx lt df go g rjd klS T q s , T s s jkgo; jk,v g ryx h/kax df klS ksr krxy ksd Wgu df hg; go g kgj gd T s s wa T s e kt I;lflVub ]ikv g gj >el cyre kje ufk; 4ksvkuc re krifIkj T s s jdkxy kIksG hd h/kx jGf 2ksjd re rkc hd xk|ksekx jGf 4kn re ugklki s a s z s sz ksd hnk[ jGf kr ksg rkv e redg ct jGf jkv ]ksjd /ksjof kdlb kr g Lc s s X w q , s , \ Lx df ksg r[yf jk,v 4krkv Cgu e >el ct ksr ]krkv Cgu e >el ct ]akg \ s X X 4g LcLx jk,v krkv , \ \ Cgu e >el go g rgd h/kax kt df e kXdri F gj ksr gd go ksr3dpko X T s s X q s s 4g krksg eyke LcLx kdum cl go g gj gd hH kt h/kax df Xe r , w \ \ s T s s kc hldf hd h/kx Cgu lkoof ydycf kd Wgu cv 4hgk'kukr Bx hd ji yc a q s s s d h/kax go 4kF krdl jd Cgu hgk'kukr henkv kydv dr ykl lhUm dS s 4F rdl kg Cgu h_euk/i d s s s a z s ukrngV Wgu jdksg Gky[f d h/kx jk,v 4g hryef rtb g hryef kOrfzi q s s a , , Fkl d h/kx udfy 4Sgfkp kuksg L[ Gky[f d h/kax kd Wgu ksr ksg jknuke s a s s \ s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 341 egaP

`xSkt yp kagd yko uul ksdikv ksr ~ ~ ~g gj gd dhO h/ s a s s s q T s kax df kxsxy kdikv yd ~ ~ ~n gd ikv yd g gj gd ikv tkv lt3dpko s X T s s , 4ku krL\i Cgu Bk[nf e udfy 4pb dS dS ]g Xe /ksj T s a wa of d jkpof ji d ht h/kx e xaSkt syp rksg jk;r lt lt xky ksr go kr s sw s a T s s , s , s , s s ~ ~ ~ krkg Cgu hgl s Bksd Syflb 4krkg Cgu hgl Bksd Syflb 4k;x kg yGl uk,d df ]krksg Cgu s s ;r g; g; g Ifn kst hje 4g ryx hg thp go k;df yhiv ksd thp ltf g , 1 s , o ukgm k;df yhiv ksd thp ldf udfy g kryGlv k;D elb 4Sg yGl g s X s , X q jr hji kUtf udfy ]g h>elku go dr ct g dr hHr ksr kUtf df g g; w s , , , cyre kje 4k;x ksr kUtf 4Skt kg kjkdIqN l uksg ukeyle ksr Skt ksg uke s s s s q yle jkn>el 4Skt ksg kjkdIqN endS l kUtf ksr Skt kg ukeyle jkn>el q s a s q 4ku kxSkt kg F; kuht ksr kxSkt ksg rkel kryGl go3dpko s Z ~ ~ ~go g kryGl kt hd kUtf ku g jGl , s , ksyGf 4g kru go Syflb 4g kgj n kjkgl go kdlm g hGdoc kst e kukey , s , s s , w s X X le dfk;D `kdl ksg ld krsu kd kukeyle kUtf udfy 4kryGl jkv hrksg q X s , X q s , k;D 4g ydfe kutks[ henkv yGl klt kUtf df kxSkt k[yf e lkgrfb u , q , X keyle 2kvg yGl kUtf ]kvg Cgu yGl ]kvg Cgu llDl kUtf df slt cv q q q q , , 4l gjr lb g reuf xkenf kji kd kji kdum s , w w T s g gj jd rkc eg l kxksy utf dfk;D g hrLi hujd k;D 4g hrLi hujd k{ s X X , \ X , \ hri rgc kd ;l ]g krrht ;lv df g krksg klS jldv udfy 94g krrht z q s , , s s , k'eg ;l8 ]df g rgd xksy 4krLi Cgu dG Bkd llb udfy 4hnt hurb s T s \ Z s s s Ski ksg ku yGl go ]e k'nf hIm dhO Skt hgd rkc kt Gky[f d h/kax d X s s f g krdl ksg hH g; jkv 4g l gto hd uksg ryx d h/kax kryGl hd h/kx , , , s s s a 4rkc g; g dhO ydycf df g krj , q , d yhiv kdlm go g kvg kuc go g Rpf kjkeg kst go ]ku g gj >el cy s , q , T s re kje 4g krkg yhiv go skdlm g Rpf Pe kst kd rjkH g rgd kt h/kx s , s , w\ T s s a jk,v ]krdl kg Cgu yGl gjr lb e hxntV huiv henkv Bkd klS g yuefk s X s s , s uGf llDl hd h/kx 4g rdl ksg yG llDl en dS henkv ryx jkv 4hF d , a T s w , , hO rkc go jkv k;kv e >el ksd kxky jk,v ksg kyef yc ksdum nkc d ukt , X X s s s je ]Skt je ykl kXjktg 4dl kg Cgu llDl e hxntV huiv henkv dhO d a s s , X f g kvg klsS jlDv jk,v kg ku llDl Bksd Xe hxntV hdlm df g krdl ksg , q s , , hH g; jkv g krxy ;el rgc 4g krxy ;el e ukg llDl kd henkv dhO , , q , X s s , s 4g krkt ksg ydfe kLc e ukg llDl kd henkv dhO3dpko , q \ X s s , s 4g Cgu cyre Bkd llm ]g hryp Xthp ryx dr ykl kX[ky kXjktg cv 4t , s s T kel kjkl g yduv d thp ryx lm jk,v 4g ryx tkel kjkl dfk;D ,g hr , w q s , X
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 441 egaP

s >el Cgu rkc hje ikv Cgu ~ ~ ~ 4g Cgu hg ykol ksr g; 4g hgl hg Lks\F kujke kd h/kx s , , s s a Syflb g ryx h/kx 4hg g ryx kr leksx ku ]ku ]ku ]hg g ryx kr slekx , a , s s , s s ~~~ s s kd leksx jGf kr `g kugd k;D krkt kv >el kd h/kx l dhO jxv3dpko s , s a s ~ ~ ~k;D ik v g kgj je henkv dS df kxgd kui kji 4kxkg W' kuLi j'i ji ikv sl , s w w s q \ z, Gjr cl jkv 4kyp hnt7hnt ikv ksg dhO hg; Cgu kri Skt je ku k[H , s w henkv g; df jdpkl kd henkv sNv dS kr 4kxMkt je k[H e kr ]xkuke s s s a w T s s s Cgu ikv jxv df gd e 4g chdjr hd suikF hLc g; jkv 4rdl ikF Cgu wa T , s \ , s s ji jln ikv udfy ]g ;l Syf dikv tkokv hd kekjrav 4g xkj hydhlc s w s , s , a s g xkj hydhlc3dpko , a s 4Cgu ksr hjkgr ]ku xuke q s X ksd kekjrv hjkeg 4uke ;l kdldf eg 4g hrgd jkv Nd kekjrv hjkg a X s , , q a q , r ]g hrgd jkv Nd kekjrv hd kUtf g hrgd jkv Nd kekjrv hd jdL , q a , , q a s a , cv 4g ;l Syf d de ji df kg rgd er udfy 4kxksg Syf jkgr g ; s q sw s s q s s q , l hgo 4g kd kekjrv ;<uf erfv ksr Ski kg ku ;<uf kd thp hldf ct8 , a Z a s Z ]df g k[yf elm kr 4hykduf l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h/kax ]kF kgj [n hj;kL g; e yd , X s s s T 4g Cgu yhyn Bksd hH g; 4kxWd hg lS e Syflb , a s s T 4g hrgd kekjrv hje df kugd g; jkv 4g Cgu yhyn Bksd kujd gxk;l , a s , , z 4 sd yhyn kucf ]hd ''fksd hd ukoue ksd de lb d yhyn kucf ]rkc hjkl s q s X huiv u ht h/kx 4kd uuke gjr hd /v k;nf jkst rgc ji lb u ht h/kx s a s s a q s a 4gjr hd /v ]re hg kuuke ikv df g g; hg kugd kje jk,v 4re hg kuuke s a , s ikv df g g; hg kugd kje jkv 4sxuke Cgu ikv kxxy Cgu xuke ikv kxx , s , X s s X s y dhO ksdikv 4kxgd e go kxsxy dhO kt >e g Cgu ui Bksd 4g Cgu hg k wa T s s q , z , /c l>e Bksd 4g Cgu hg ykol Bkd kd su/c l>e g kugd kje Syflb jkv a s q , s a s q , s , 4g Cgu hg ykol kd su/c 4e[ rkc Cgu g dhO ksr , a , spt kuy pksl ikv hH go kxgd e kst yd ksr kpt ksd 0fc hdikv df kuke a s wa T a q Syflb jkv ]kpkl uikv kgd kt ue udfy 4g krdl ync e yd dfk;D g , s s s s T s wa X X T s s \ X yko uLi e ydfe ksr k;yf uke uikv Syflb kgd ue jxv g; ufk; `g q s s T , krLi dG k;D llb 4k;x ksg ryx henkv g; df xgd ryx >e go kr g \ Z s s X s q s , kul dhO u kyko uul je jxv jkv g kgj jd ''fksd hd huen hd uis/v q s X s q ss , wa q a df g kgj jd g; ''fksd hji ksr e jk,v u Xkyko uul je jxv jkv akg ]ht wa w T s s q ss , `g jld k;D kje elb g rLi e rdDnf k'eg /v jkv ` , w s X T s \ X s s a , s a xSkt Li e rdDnf go kr ]g kuke gjr hd /av >qe u kyko uul jse jxv \ X s , s s s X s q s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 541 egaP

~ ~ ~ ~ ~4hxyp ksr go ]akg s 4g gj kuc gkox eg kd Cgm hjke hykx T s s s 4hxyp ''fksd hd ukuc leksx ukoxH s s s ~ ~ ~hxsyp ''fksd hd ukuc ukoxH skdlm ]kag 4kxyp go ]akg s s ~ ~ ~ g ZFelv Xe , s s un ckot ksd h/kx huid hji hd hji go hH hHv g k; e de lb hF kt a w w , X q s huid hd lekx 4g Felv e ujd 0lf ryx >e jkv F ruke dhO >e s s T Z X s s q , s s s q ikv df g ;r ksr rkc dS kr g rjke y ikv jxv jk,v 4Bx ksg ryx rkc , s T s hje llm ksr ksr n jke ji jlf je y dS ikv jxv g Iexkv hyksx Bkd s s X ss , X wZ s 4g r>el Iex T s X wZ kv ksd hykx xky l,t leksx df g g; go g ywH kst hd kxky lt leksx kvg s s s s , , X s s , s q g; cyre kdlb g; dfp 4Cgu dg Bksd kd ujd nc tkokv hd henkv ry wa s a x hH kr ]g hgl hg kurdf henkv Bksd jkv 4g dg kd ugd rkc ryx huiv s , , , s s kd henkv ryx lm 4g ryx hH kurdf henkv Bksd 4k;df Cgu kNv k;df , hg kjc u lekx jdjke hyksx jkv 4xy uLi Bk[nf pl rgc uekl dlm h q s s s , s s \ s q s s /kx jk,v g yD' hykd ydycf lekx 4Bx ksg LcLx hLc cr ]lekx h/kx g a , q s s \ \ \ s s a T rgd ikv ct cv 4k;x ksg e[ kyeke go ]e kuyr hd Lbk ]e kuyr hd s X q X q 0c ]e kuyr hd jhokge ]e kuyr hd lDke kF Sgfkp kukt kpksl kd h/kx q X q X q Z s a 4k;x ksg kIm rgc IkI q d ku Bx ksg BkuOfd kt ufk; 4k;x kg e kuyr hd lekx uikNv kd h/kx a s s X q s s a go 4g henkv kNv rgc h/kax e kuyr hdlb jk,v g henkv kjc rgc slekx , q X q , q q s 4Fkl d h/kx kvg kjc rgc g; s a q q q ]Syf d h/kax kd Lbke k;x ksg jZukdIkl dS ]Sx ksg yeksd ikv e ukj lm s X s s jkv ]xy uksj hH ikv l suxy hykx F Cgu rofkHi urb ikv l h/kx 4Sx , s s s s s z s s a ksg rofkHi xky rgc l hyl 4kvg Cgu rofkHi Bksd l llht 4hrksg Cgu hH z s q s w q z s Cgd hIu;p' n;k' ksr krksg kjke ku u k;nfg; kd llht jxv ]Cgu cklgf s s X w s Bksd kdltf hn kOcf yhl hlsS ji nkoh/kx u leksx jd jke ksd h/kx udfy a s s a s 4krLi Cgu dG Bkd llb ]krLi Cgu dG Bkd llb rje \ Z s s \ Z s s s e ykl pkai jkp kn 4rkt hg je j[ kr h/kax jGf 4hg kF kd ujke kd h/kx X s s , s s s a ukldu go 4Cgu cklgf kdlm g k;df ukldu kurtf jdjke hykx u slekx q , q s s s 4g k;x ksg ydfe kujd , q kupksykv kdum cv df Sx ksg kekge Lc urb endS h/kax df g ki hd sl s \ s , ekx g; F Cgu hH hHd kekge L\c surb h/kax ku g r>el ikv 4Cgu sF ke s s s T s kge Lc urb h/kx ksr Cgu 4k;nf kuc kekge ksd h/kx u lekx 4g k;x ksg y s \ s a a s s s , dfe ku>el kd hryx hd h/kx l ujke dfk;D hg g ryx ksr kujke ku ]ku q s a s s X ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 641 egaP

ikc 94g hujd hnk' l hdLy kyG >e8 ]df g krgd kdLy 4kr uer kuke C , s \ a s q , \ s s q gu jxv g rdl jke kder eg g ikc eg df g kgj gd g; go 4g hnkole T s s q T , , s ksx go `g kgj gd k;D go 4kxn jd dhO kxMkxy rip df g krgd ikc kr , wa a , s uke ku kIc jxv hd ikc cv 4g hnko leksx cl eg `g uk,d hnkoslekx cv s s T s , s 4xXdl k s t Cgu kntV l kuIi ikv ksr ykc n' dS Gky[f d Z;kpkjd' ikv jxv d s s s s a f ]Bx pgi hpf dS <{ hlm lc kyksc Gky[f d ;kpkjd' e e kuIi hHv qa s Z a T X 4g , hgo xkenf d kXjkpc g Cgu lekx Bkd g; cv 4hxSkt hn jke hykx ksdikv s s , s s s s ksr Cgu Sgfd re rkc kayG ikv df g hpgi k;fpf hurdf >e hHv 4,g hr T qa a s q ksg r;cfr hd ujke ksr uke ku rkc hdlm jxv 4g krkg hnkolekx henkv e s wa , s s s kv df g ydfe ku>el g; k;D 4Cgu hrxy te hje ]Cgu hrxy te hjse , q X s ~ ~ ~g kgj kv l kagd df dl kv e yk;[ kji kd kji < , s s X w w "yof go df Xtks[ Nd df rjd Cgu hg <"yof kd k;rDf; eg df Bx skg s q s s X BkuOfd k;D ksr hjkeg g; udfsy 4k;kv Cgu l jiM g; 4k;kv l jrhH g; s s 4k;kv l jrhH g;4k;kv l llkd cl g; 4k;kv l llksd cl g; s s , s , 4kF kgj gd gcl e kt g dIfFv knk; q T s T g; udfy 4ku g gj >el cyre kje 4Sx yduf e lx jkv e hnt g; s T s s X s q , X 4g jev nkoh/kx g krdl je h/kax 4Cgu hg g nkoh/kax df sF srgd , a , , k'eg jkv 94g jev nkoh/kx ]g krdl je h/kax8 ]df ukXgm kgd Sx yduf s , , a , s g; n' ]SkrNi jH hxntV jGf 4Sx yduf e yH go ]gd n' kst ji dB X w s ke ukgm 4k;x kv klx endS kdum 94nkckne nkoh/kx8 ]k;kypf ukgm j s X q s Z q a s X dykduf sL> rDo hlm ]F sOc ji pe go 4Skxy jku d nkckne nkoh/kax jk a s , a s s Z q , v ]e hpkajd Sk[nf La> sykd u kIufw;d kago 4g Cgu nko Bksd kje df sF sr X s s X , s gd k'eg kr ht h/kx ksr 4hF dOc hd lzsxkad ]hd lxkd hF lkX kad e hpkajd s s a , zs a X 4g rul go kr g rjd rkc hd hg T s q s T s X ko gko kt <xkru Glf ksr eg dfk;D ]g kgj Cgu hg Pi Bksd udfy 4xkvkt s s Z X , \ s s s kjc? rgc kr sxksPi kyeke kd h/kx kji ksr Bky[nf dfkX;D 4hd Cgu hH u q s \ a w s jyIgf df hurb 4g Cgu xkdS kd rDf' hd h/kx ]hd rDf' rgc u ht h/kx , z a q s a =Iiv- ~ ~ ~ udfy3dpko s 4g rn Lks\r hg kyeke kd IXexkv g; 4 T s s wZ g krksg ukldu hjkH ksr l gto hd h>elku hdub g /x ksr go `g rdl Ik , q s T s T s d k;D leksx jd Ikd ksd hldf ]xjd k;D leskx 4g hjWt hgo 4g hjWt hgo s s X s , , ~ ~ ~ ~dfk;D ]k;yf gj ip ykl lhc go g hH tkv go Nhi g xo dS 4kd X q , s , Z xo dS kF /fufrfi dS go kF Cgu kydv leksx Bkd ]kjke ukXgtf ksr go Z z s s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 741 egaP

4y jd ktd ji lb kjt hH uiv cv u dyfke k;yf k[nf ck,j rgc ky X s q s p ksr 4g kNv g dhO df g kgj kv g; e >el lm 4g kgj kv Xe >el hg , , , X s , s Lks\F ;l kd euf;d Bkd lm 4g cyre hg sLks\F l eufq;d lm 4Skt ksg q s s , s s ktd ji hIDG jxv df ]g k;Pf\c rgc ksr g; df g kgj kv e >el kurb , , q , X yd ksr kdlm 4g kgj kv e >el hg Lks\F eufq;d Bkd kd jnte lm ksr 4 q s , X s s s w s X xn kojd ktd kjkgr ji hIDG eg ksvkt ksg db er df Sk>el henkv d q , s q S jdkt kd kXjnte tkv 3l,t g rdkr hLc Fko jkv 4g krkv e >el ZFk s w s , \ Z , , X o ]krkv Cgu e >el ;l ksd henkv ekv 4y ul rkc hje ku ]ku ]ku ~ ~ ~ X X q s ~ ~ ~ krkv Cgu e >el kr ;l ksd henkv X s ekv df g g; rkc ksr hygi 4g rkj jktg ksr d ukuc IksG ku ku ]ku ~ ~ ~ , T s s s Z ~~ ~3lt d rdkr g rksg <jkd jktg 4krksg Cgu <jkd hg ;l kydv 4krkg C s , s T s s s gu <jkd hg ;l kydv 4d rdkr g rgc <jkd 4d rdkr g <jkd sl rqgc s s T q s T =Iiv-3dpko ~ ~ ~ krLi Cgu dG Bkd ksr ]g hg henkv ryx ksr lekx ]leskx 4kF he \ Z s , s s s nkv kNv Bksd leksx8 ]df krgd Cgu g; Bksd ksr g krjd /ksjof kd h/kx Te s wa a 4g jskted xky cl d gjr lb jkv 4g henkv jkted endS ]g kt slekx T s s , , s , s s 4hgj hjkt s ed g; g Cgu yhyn g; jxe 4dl jd ku go g kgj jd kst henkv g; df , s , Syflb go `g Syfldf rjke 4dl ku yksc g; lltf kjke hykx elb ikv T s s s s s X ksr yp ku ;kim Bksd kdikv jkv Skt kyp hg krykc henkv g; jxv udfy s , s s 4xXn Cgu uyksc ksd henkv lb df `g gj gd g; ikv ]g gj gd k;D ikv s s T s T s ]kn uyduf re jc[ e jkc[v ]kn suksg re xIVhe ]kn kojd ylfd ykg 4 s s X s s T g hgo chdjr g; jxe 4kxdl Cgu hg yksc g; jGf 4kn Ikd unx df g g; T X s s Z , ;kim hj[fkv kr k[j hjkt kugd sue l gjr Bksd jxv 4kd kxksy Skt k;nf s T s s X s q uul Cgu go g krgkp kugd kt e df g g; cyre kdlb 4g nkoleskx cl wa s T , , s g; g k;D cl g; cv 4dl yp ku kri hH g; e Ikdtkj g k;kv e df xy , s X s wa T s X Cgu IetbkZIoLS ]xikN Cgu jc[ e jkc[v xn Cgu Lmkx ksr Lamkx 4k;nf X s X X s X a z z kojd ylfd ykg kago h[j xIVhe hje kagt df k;df g; ue e Iksdtkj hHv T s s T X 4 g hnkolekx Ilji ouk;uf l elm ]ksg rgd T s s T X s X s hnkoh/kx er kdutf jkv 4kxSkt uke jGf 4kxSkt ksg rDl' henkv ksr kgj a q s , uke Cgu df g g; ruke l jiM jkv 4g ruke ksd Ihi7jke cl eg 4kr[j T s s , T s Cgu cyre jkv Bksd kdlb 4g kruke ksd Ihijke ]kruke Cgu ksd jkpof ksd , , 0fc df g krksg g; cyre kd hnko lekx `g krksg k;D cyre kd hnkoslekx q , s s , s 4g hnko , s leksx go 94sxn ykduf jgkc l j? skr sxksjd jxv ]xn ujd Cgu8 ]g krgd X s s X s ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 841 egaP

fI jGf 4krkt k;kpc Cgu ksd uyfI ksr hrkt Bkpc jxv klgV udfy 4hF Cg , , s u rjWt hd klgV e k;l hLc hurb 4kF krdl kt k;kpc hH ksd [ky hlv X a \ 4kF krdl kt k;kpc ksdum3dpko 4Sx jke xky [ky hl s s v e redg hd uyfI ydv 4e lW ]hd k;g hd k;efnkv [ky hlv Bkd X w q , s s X X s k;df l xP ltf ekd udfsy ]k;df rgc ekd u uyfI ksr 4u hldf k;nf u s a q s , s s [j Cgu kago l kago k;nf kIg ksd 'ky ]ksd cd hn kIg l kago 4l kago k;kIg s z s s ]kLk\[m ksd cd jGf 4g cd hd uufsy kagt lki d uhye Bkuc zcd hdlm z , z s , ygi 4Fkl d uyfI k;yf kync kjc rgc u de udfy 4kF krdl Cgu yskc s s , q q s q s udfy ]kF kr[n kF krul cl hH e ]kF kje kyeke hg;8 ]df kgd u op' s s q T s s 4g kuje cyre kukrc dfk;D henkv kdl krc Cgu go ]ku g gj >el kr q , X T s s 4kF krdl jd F kl je uyfI hgo g krdl jd Fkl jkgr e kt 94ksg gj ki krc Cgu eku k ss , wa s q T s s uiv er kst kF Fkl je <jkd hg; lc8 ]df kgd u op' 4k;kv Cgu eku q ss s q Bksd kvg Cgu kL[ Bksd skr 94Stfhn krc eku kuiv jdkg L[ k;i g Bkxy q \ s s \ , tkokv su utl ldf g;8 ]df kNi sulm jk,v kdQ Syf d <{ dS op' w s q 94F Fkl d uyfI l jH uoht ksr ikv jkv s s , s , k;df /ksjof Cgu k;D uikv cr ]kF kntV uyfI ct F kagd cr ikv8 ]df X s , s Bkxy tkokv l Nhi su ;nl dS kr 4d uyfI ]nkc d ukt je k;df /ksjo s s s s , s s f sulm kd uyfI ulm jk,v 4kF kgj yksc go elm ]hd k;nl lhr hd kvkr , s X X X u Lc jkl g euf;d kt hdum ]kF kgj yksc e xIVhe dS op'8 ]df kF s s \ s , q s X q kgj gd e yd 4kF kgj gd Cgu kdikv kF kgj gd op' df kF kgj kuql T s q yd e ~ ~ ~rgj kntV d uyfI ]cl g; e >el kr uyfI 4cl g hnkoslekx T s s , X s , T s ku kF kyeke kd hyksx ksr go go krn Cgu hH ukv e >el ygi ]Cgu ]Cgu s s X s ~ ~ ~g kgj n hykx skd uyfI kd uyfI de kjkl , s , , q cv df 4k;x sy l xP lb go udfy 4k;x sy ydycf ]k;x y ydycf kag ]akg s a s q s q ~ ~ ~g gxkv kjln kdlm g kst rdkr hd ;l 4g krLi B , z w , , \ k[nf ksd kxky ed rgc 4g krLi Bk[nf ksd kxksy ed rgc ;l Syflb jkv X s q , \ X q , 4ksg ku Fko Bksd kdltf g krdl Li Bk Z , \ [nf kdlm Glf kr ;l jk,v 4g "?l kd kFko go e rxt g kgj yp "?al s Z s , Z a X , Z s kt 4hxksg Fkl d jnte xyv knkl kdlm go dfk;D 4kxSkt jkg dyfke e s w , X X sRdyd ]kxSkt rht dyfke e kui ksr g Fkl ryknv lyfi hd dyfke jxv X w , q 4kxSkt rht go kxksg jordkr kt sxLy Fko kn 4Cgu ykol Bksd ~ ~ ~g; 4 s X \ Z s kxSkt rht go kxksg kLc kt eltf kd kjnte dS ]kd dyfke dS g Fko k \ s X X w T Z s n cv 4g Fko kuiv kdlm 4g kgj jd kyH kd kjnte df Sg Sdf Cgu kt , Z , X w q d Syflb ji hIDG Bksd hH dyfke 4Sx ksg db Fko dlm Sx kg db cl , s Z s s s
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 941 egaP

jkv 4g krdl kt knkTj e unf kn k;'fS kji hdkc e k;'fS 4Cgu hg <jkd , , X s w X Bksd kd jL l jkv hldf e k;'fS 4rjkH Glf kF jL l dS ZGlf Xe k;'fS s , X Z s 4kxjd ''fksd hji hu s w iv go g xkenf hgo 4kF lki d jndlf ]kF lki d u;yfksiu ]kF e lki d , s a s , X s jyIgf kt g xkenf hgo lki d xkvke 4g sd l'uefksL Lo lkgrfb d uhp s , s s T a s Z s 4kx s \ Li krl kusy jdDI l lW ]g krdl Li kxge kuy jdDI l kdhjev 4,g lW s , \ a s s k; g kdhjev ]g tlksG hg kn ksr 4g hrdl kt hy jdDI lldf e tlksG , T s , s X Lo cv 4k;nf kIk,y liko Syflb g hrdl kt hy jdDI hH hHd df Cgu kj Z , r[ Bksd df k;yf ukt sulm ksd rjkH jkv 4hF hrdl kg e k;'fS jdDI hg , s X s l rjkH ksr `g hrdl ksg jdDI lldf jk,v g jordkr ukd uen df lkil s , s , , q kv Sgfkp hukt ksg [ji pkat df kF yk;[ hg; e ujd kyeg [ji pkat go X s ~ ~ ~Glf 4g jordkr kurdf uk,d df lki lkv uiv g kgj jd Z , s , [ji pkt uhp df kF hg; ksr <jkd kLc 4g <jkd rgc udfy <jkd rqgc a \ T q s ~ ~ ~g Cgu cyre Nd ksd krut 4 , q g kago df kryp Cgu kri Nd ksd krut 4kryp Cgu kri Nd 4g krjd tuTe , q q , s 4g ix kl kLkF rgc ]kag 4g kgj jd tufe cl ix kl kLks\F dfk;D kxSkt u , zq s\ q , s zq X c henkv uk,d yd df kryp Cgu hg kri e lW 4g chtv rgc kyeke Xe lW X , q `g thp lk[ hg; k;DSyf d uuc jIIDLf3dpko , s s s 4hrdl yef Cgu hHd ksd jIIDLf 4g jpu hje g; 4hrdl yef Cgu hH s , s s d ksd jIIDLf hldf g; kr;ifdky hlt Wgu ]g hrksg kr;ifdky kst g; jkv s z s , s , z s , Cgu cyre Bkd kdlm 4krksg Cgu jL Bksd l rjko rjkH ksd ~ ~ ~ jkv ]dS s s , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~4lcl lb g hg krksg ksr ukei s , v ]g hg hrksg kr Ghydr e ue udfy 4hF Cgu rjWt hd ujd tu ku Bkd , s X s s q s elb 4kF ;l hgo gd uyfI kt 4hLi hujd hjtg ht kF kntV uyfI dr X s , s \ w , ct jH hxntV ksd op' cv k'eg g hg krgj ksr /k kdum Nhi go g q s , s s s T s s rksg kt xkLjLv g k;D krksg e ylv 4kd op' kync jkv tojf jkv k<1? a , X q , X , `kF Oki kd rfh utkj Bkd k; hF tkj k;D g; 4Bx hdG jd nk[ cd hd uyfI ~ ~ ~3dpko s T s z , 4rkg Cgu Gkl urm urm go 4g gj jd eg k s s s s T s s t 4g rskg u'dGfIft Nd rgc jkeg kr yH d [j[n 4hF tkj hI'fkuIDL T s s q q s s s s s s s , f kd n[ ksr e jgx rgc udfy 4kxLi Bk[nf ksr dr jn hLks\F ]kyH kd 'sn q X s q s s \ w ~ ~ ~`kF k;D e ylv e ue d uyfI ]e ue d uyfIdpko X X s , X s , ~ ~ ~ujk,G k;nf jd e[ kdlm kF krdl kv e rdk s X r hH kt ksr rkt kv e rdkr xky jln ]jGf krkt ks[ uyfI 4krkt sk[ uy s s X s s w ,
tskk[ hd rjkkH

m o c. dl r o w o h s o. w w w / / : p t t h

051 fo 051 egaP

~ ~ ~ g klS Lbke kjkeg , s 4g klS de kjkl3dpko , s q ~~ ~Glf ksr go kr go Syflb 4k;nf jd nc kunks[ kvd kr Bx >c xkv e uk Z s a qa s q X de 4sxnks[ kvd cr hxSkt xy xkv e ukde ct g l e kxky um eg ufk; X qa X T s X X s 4g Gkl rgc g Gkl Lbke kdikv 4rjd Cgu hjk;r Nhi xkv 4ksg rjd hj , q , s , s s s k;r hHr hxksg BkLy ct ikv df g k;x k;yf >el ksd xkenf dikv ]hdikv , \ , s 4gj jd Cgu hjk;r Bksd ikv cv 4F gj jd hH hjk;r ikv kt Snf Lks\r I s , s s , s Xetjv jkl suiv uikv nkc jH ykl jk,v 4hn jd e[ hg rkc ]kuiv Fkg k X s s ;yf pC[ liko 4g krdl ksg jordkr ukrngV ksr [j hjkt BkLy jxv dfk; , q X \ X D Sx Ik,y liko ikpiqp Syflb 4rukt Cgu eg hg; jkv ]e k;ufn g uklkv s , X q , rgc ku>el htksyDBkl hjkeg hjkeg 4k;yf >el hH g; ]k;yf >el hH g; q ~ ~ ~ l kykl gi kgj ksg Cgu hg ukldu Bksd ksd kubkp 4 kvg kn;kG llm s X a q q s ~~~ 4kvkv Iky sNhi Syflb 4g krdl kt kLks\r hH hHd g; s , , 4lki d rjkH g lxkc ydycf kyeke df k;x kv e >el jk,v 4kd rjkH k s , s q X [n jdkcn Fkg Glf go `g ku>wt l henkv ld eg 4g kurdf kyeke df g s Z , s s , X , T r[n jd kcn Fkg ksr go 4go g Cgu okHnl 4g gj jd Idi okHnl Glf s s , T s z Z df g r>el g; xky ksr g rkyef Fkg lS ygi ksr ku g rkt uLy ukoygi T s s T s s s s T s s \ 4g hurdf rdkr df g r[n jd kcn Fkg kd jln dS Glf go 4g gj kye , T s s s w Z T s f l ei Fkg df hxksg hrpskl krut ksr g rkyef Fkg ygi ksr g rLy hrd s zs T s s T s \ q henkv ksn 4ku g rL\y l uen g hjWt husy jd pkt hdlb 4k;yf jd e[ T s s q , a kyeke Bx kg pkt hdlb 4g Cgu rdDnf ]Fkl d rjkH g Cgu rdDnf Cgu s a , s , ~ ~ ~g krdl kt knk,j hH ksd rjkH 4g rdkr hurdf df hy jd pkt hd rjkH , , a
tskk[ hd rjkkH