APPENDIX 5

Thermal Conductivities of Selected Materials

All values in units of W/m K. Divide by 1.73 to obtain values in Btu/hr/ft2 / F/ft. Divide by 419 to obtain values in cal/cm K s. Consult references for values at additional temperatures.
ELEMENTS, METALS, AND ALLOYS
190 C 0 C 20 C 100 C 1000 C

Source: Geankoplis, C. J., Transport Processes and Unit Operations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993. Aluminum Copper Steel 202 388 377 45

Source: Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1957. Aluminum Cadmium (||hex. axis) Cadmium ( hex. axis) Copper Gold Iron Magnesium Nickel Silver Sodium 418 92.1 113 578 184 188 113 427 155 226 83.7 105 394 306 92.1 172 83.7 418 138

Source: Gaskell, D. R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, MacMillan, New York, 1992. 1% carbon steel 1% chrome steel 304 stainless steel (18% Cr, 8% Ni) 60% Pt, 40% Rh Al Bronze (90% Cu, 10% Al) Aluminum Beryllium Boron Brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn) 43 62 14 46 49 236 218 31.7 110

An Introduction to Materials Engineering and Science: For Chemical and Materials Engineers, by Brian S. Mitchell ISBN 0-471-43623-2 Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

874

CERAMICS

875

190 C Cadmium Cast iron Chromium Cobalt Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) Copper Germanium Gold Iron Lead Lithium Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Nichrome (80% Ni, 10% Cr) Nickel Platinum Rhenium Rhodium Silicon Silver Sodium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Wrought iron Zinc Zirconium

0 C

20 C 104 52 95 104 22 401 67 318 83 36 79 157 7.7 139 12 94 72 49 151 168 428 135 68 22 182 27 31 59 122 23

100 C

1000 C

CERAMICS
190 C 0 C 20 C 100 C 1000 C

Source: Kingery, W. D., H. K. Bowen and D. R. Uhlmann, Introduction to Ceramics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976. Al2 O3 BeO Fire-clay refractory Fused silica glass Graphite MgAl2 O4 MgO Mullite Porcelain Soda-lime-silica glass ThO2 TiC TiC cermet 30.2 220 1.13 2.00 180 15.1 37.7 5.86 1.67 1.67 10.5 25.1 33.5 6.28 20.5 1.55 2.51 62.8 5.86 7.11 3.77 1.88 2.93 5.86 8.37

(continued )

876

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF SELECTED MATERIALS

190 C UO2.0 ZrO2 (stabilized)

0 C

20 C

100 C 10.0 1.97

1000 C 3.35 2.30

Source: Oxide Handbook, G. V. Samsanor, editor, Plenum, New York, 1973. CaO NiO TiO2 VO2 ZrO2 15.2 12.4 6.53 9.80 1.97 7.79 4.48 3.31 3.41 2.0

Source: Kittel, C., Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1957. CaF2 KCl KF NaCl Source: Gaskell, D. R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, MacMillan, New York, 1992. Aluminum oxide Asbestos Beryllium oxide Bricks Chrome Common Fireclay Magnesite Masonry Silica Cement mortar Clay earth Coal Concrete Diatomaceous earth Fused quartz Granite Gypsum plaster Limestone Magnesium oxide Marble Rock wool Sand Sandstone 40 0.11 302 2.2 0.7 1.0 4.0 0.66 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.24 1.0 1.3 1.3 3.0 0.5 2.0 53 2.7 0.04 0.3 2.8

Source: Materials Science & Engineering Handbook, J. Shackelford and W. Alexander, editors, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992. Aluminum nitride Aluminum oxide Beryllium oxide Boron carbide Boron nitride (|| to a axis) Boron nitride (|| to c axis) Calcium oxide Chromium carbide Chromium diboride Chromium oxide Cordierite 30.2 25.1 15.919.7 27.228.9 190 20.531.8 10.033.0 3.2 15.5 5.96.7 12.4 26.7 7.96

POLYMERS

877

190 C Hafnium carbide Hafnium diboride Hafnium oxide Magnesium oxide Mullite Nickel oxide Silicon carbide Silicon nitride Sillimanite Spinel Tantalum carbide Tantalum diboride Thorium oxide Titanium carbide Titanium diboride Titanium nitride Titanium oxide Tungsten carbide Uranium dioxide Zircon Zirconium carbide Zirconium diboride Zirconium oxide

0 C

20 C 22.2 6.29 11.4 40.6 12.1 30.2 22.2 10.9 10.1 17.131.0 24.326.0 28.9 84.2 20.5 23.024.3

100 C 6.1 1.8 14.7 8.4 6.7 10.5 6.1 2.1

1000 C 3.8 21.4 2.9 3.4 3.4

GLASSES
190 C 0 C 20 C 100 C 1000 C

Source: Gaskell, D. R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, MacMillan, New York, 1992. Glass ber Glass wool Pyroceram Window glass 0.035 0.038 4.1 0.84

POLYMERS
190 C 0 C 20 C 100 C 1000 C

Source: Geankoplis, C. J., Transport Processes and Unit Operations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1992. Hard Rubber 0.15

Source: Materials Science & Engineering Handbook, J. Shackelford and W. Alexander, editors, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992. ABS resins (molded, extruded) Heat resistant High impact Low temperature impact Medium impact 0.210.35 0.210.28 0.130.24 0.130.31

(continued )

878

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF SELECTED MATERIALS

190 C Very high impact Acrylics (cast, molded, extruded) Alkyds (molded) Allyl diglycol carbonate Cellulose acetate (molded, extruded) Cellulose acetate butyrate (molded, extruded) Cellulose acetate propionate (molded, extruded) Chlorinated polyether Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Epoxies (cast, molded) Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Nylon 6 Nylon 66 Nylon 610 Phenylene oxides Polyacetal Polyarylsulfone Polycarbonate Polyester, thermoplastic Polyester, thermoset Polyethylene (all densities) Polyimides Polyphenylene sulde Polypropylene Polypropylene, high impact Polystyrene Polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE) Polytriuorochloroethylene (PTFCE) Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinylidene uoride (PVDF)

0 C

20 C 0.020.24 0.21 0.351.04 2.51 0.170.33 0.170.33 0.170.33 1.57 1.64 0.170.86 0.21 2.082.92 2.94 2.60 1.93.1 0.220.28 1.9 0.19 0.620.95 0.170.21 0.33 6.5811.7 3.46 2.12.35 2.98 0.040.16 0.24 0.25 0.120.17 0.24

100 C

1000 C

Source: Gaskell, D. R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, MacMillan, New York, 1992. Foam rubber Hard rubber Polystyrene insulation Teon 0.030 0.16 0.025 0.35

COMPOSITES
190 C 0 C 20 C 100 C 1000 C

Source: Gaskell, D. R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, MacMillan, New York, 1992. Plywood 0.12

Source: Materials Science & Engineering Handbook, J. Shackelford and W. Alexander, editors, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992. Alkyd, glass-lled Polycarbonate, 40% glass-ber-lled High-strength epoxy laminate Melamine, glass-ber-lled Melamine, cellulose-lled Nylon 6, 30% glass-ber-lled 0.350.52 0.22 4.1 0.48 0.290.35 2.925.66

BIOLOGICS

879

190 C Nylon 6-6, glass-ber-lled Nylon 610, 30% glass-ber-lled Polyester, high-strength glass-ber-lled Polyimide, glass-lled Polyphenylene sulde, 40% glass-ber-lled Polystyrene, 30% glass-ber-lled Polyurea, cellulose-lled Phenolic, wood-our-lled Phenolic, glass-ber-lled

0 C

20 C 2.605.71 6.06 2.282.91 6.21 3.46 0.20 0.290.42 0.170.52 0.35

100 C

1000 C

BIOLOGICS
190 C 0 C 20 C 100 C 1000 C

Source: Gaskell, D. R., Transport Phenomena in Materials Engineering, MacMillan, New York, 1992. Human skin Balsa wood Cypress wood Fir wood Maple/Oak wood White pine wood Yellow pine wood Wool 0.37 0.55 0.097 0.11 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.038

Source: Johnson, A. T., Biological Process Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1999. Animal skin Beeswax Bone Cat blood Dental amalgam Enamel Fleece Animal muscle Human blood Human skin Human fat Human muscle Kidney or liver Porcelain Pork fat Seal blubber Oyster shell Wool Cork Cotton Cypress wood Fir wood Leaves Animal coats Paper 0.50 0.40 0.533 23.0 0.59 0.82 0.140.21 0.430.50 0.507 0.210.63 0.210.33 0.410.50 0.498 1.00 0.187 0.190 1.952.27 0.036 0.045 0.061 0.097 0.17 0.240.50 0.030.15 0.13