TypesofElectricMotors

ElectricMotors

DCMotors Shuntmotor h SeparatelyExcited motor SeriesMotor PermanentMagnet DC(PMDC) Compoundedmotor

ACMotors

OtherMotors

Steppermotor Induction motor BrushlessDCmotor Brushless DC motor

Hysteresismotor Synchronous motor Reluctancemotor Universalmotor

DCMotors
1.ShuntDCmotor:Therotorandstatorwindingsareconnectedinparallel.
2.Sparately Excitedmotor:Therotorandstatorareeachconnectedfromadifferentpower supply,thisgivesanotherdegreeoffreedomforcontrollingthemotorovertheshunt. 3.Seriesmotor:thestatorandrotorwindingsareconnectedinseries.Thusthetorqueis proportionaltoI2 soitgivesthehighesttorquepercurrentratiooverallotherdcmotors. Itisthereforeusedinstartermotorsofcarsandelevatormotors(p.563Chapman,4e, 2005McGrow Hill). 2005 McGrow Hill) 4.PermanentMagnet(PMDC)motors:Thestatorisapermanentmagnet,sothemotoris smallerinsize. Disadv:onlyusedforlowtorqueapplications Disadv: only used for low torque applications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motor

DCMotors
5.Compouned motor:thestatorisconnectedtotherotorthroughacompound
ofshuntandserieswindings,iftheshuntandserieswindingsadduptogether, themotoriscalledcomulatively compounded.Iftheysubtractfromeach other,thenadifferentiallycompoundedmotorresults,whichisunsuitablefor anyapplication.

A:shunt B:series C:compound C: compound f=field(stator)coil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor

DisadvantagesofDCmotors Disadvantages of DC motors

1. Brushwear:Sincetheyneedbrushestoconnecttherotor winding.Brushwearoccurs,anditincreasesdramatically inlowpressureenvironmet.Sotheycannotbeusedin artificialhearts. Ifusedonaircraft,thebrusheswould needreplacementafteronehourofoperation. d l t ft h f ti 2. Sparksfromthebrushesmaycauseexplosionifthe environmentcontainsexplosivematerials. 3. RFnoisefromthebrushesmayinterferewithnearbyt.v. sets,orelectronicdevices,..etc Ref.Chapmanp.674675

ACMachines
InductionMotor:Socalledbecausevoltageisinducedin therotor(thusnoneedforbrushes),butforthistohappen, therotormustrotateatalowerspeedthanthemagnetic the rotor must rotate at a lower speed than the magnetic fieldtoallowfortheexistance ofaninducedvoltage. Thereforeanewtermisneededtodescribetheinduction motor:theslip. motor: the slip. SynchronousMotor:Socalledbecauserotortriestolineup withtherotatingmagneticfieldinthestator.Ithasthe statorofaninductionmotor,andtherotorofadcmotor. stator of an induction motor, and the rotor of a dc motor.
SquirrelcageInductionMotor Seeiton: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor Note:Figureismisleading.Thenumberofpolesmust beanevenintegerofthenumberofphasesused. be an even integer of the number of phases used Thusthisdiagramshouldhave6coils,butthatwould preventonefromimaginingtherotation.

ACMachines
Accuraterepresentationof a6pole3phaseAC inductionmotor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /File:Rotatingfield.png

SynchronousMachines
4-17 THREE-PHASE ROTATING FIELDS require three pairs of windings 120 apart energized by voltages that also have a 120 120 apart, 120degree phase displacement. SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS are specifically designed to maintain constant speed with the rotor synchronous to the rotating field speed, field. Synchronous motors require modification (such as squirrel-cage windings) to be self-starting.
Textandfiguresontophalfofpagefrom
http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_101.htm

DC

AC

http://www.motcointernational.com/sy_motors.htm

Dave Polka Chapter 3 of AC Motors: IEC Ratings

Reluctancemotors Reluctance motors

1. 2. 3. 4. Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and so that it starts like an induction motor and runslikeasynchronousmotor. Usessoftmagnetrotorthatismagnetizedby pp theapplicationofcurrentinthestatorcoils Themagnetisspunbya3phaseACmotor withnorotorvoltage Thegearteetharedesignedtoincreasethe magneticfluxdrivingtherotorwhile providingasymmetrythatgivesitthe rotationalacceleration http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Switched_rel Permeabilityoftherotorprovidesa Permeability of the rotor provides a uctance_motor_64.svg significantincreaseininductivepower FullsolutionofFaradayslawwithtimeand velocitydependence. velocity dependence.

5. 5 6.

Othermotors Other motors

1. 2. 3. 4. 4 5. Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage , sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and runslikeasynchronousmotor. Hysteresismotor:hysteresisproducesthe torque,canbeverytiny,usedasthedriver forelectricclocks(Chapman,p.669). for electric clocks (Chapman p 669) Steppermotor:aspecialtypeofsynchronous motors.Rotatesanumberofdegreeswith eachelectricpulse. BrushlessDCmotor:aclosecousinofa B hl DC l i f permanentmagnetsteppermotorwith electroniccontrollers Universalmotor:Ifaseried dcmotorhasa laminatedstatorframe,itcanruneffectively fromanacsupplyaswellasdc,thisisthe universla motor.
BrushlessDC (actuallya pulsedAC l d C motor)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poles.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67 htt // l d iki di / iki di / /6/67 /StepperMotor.gif

QuizYourself Quiz Yourself

Question: at the same power Wwhich has a Question:atthesamepower,Wwhich hasa higherefficiency,thesynchronousmotoror theinductionmotor? the induction motor? Sol:thesynchronousmotor,becausethelack ofbrushestoconnecttherotorofthe of brushes to connect the rotor of the inductionmotormakesitsmagneticfieldrun throughanairgap,whichhasamuchhigher through an air gap which has a much higher reluctance.