HA 11 C BN-HK II

PHN DNG BI TP:

PHN 1:

HIDROCACBON

I- HIDROCACBON NO:

- ANKAN (CnH2n +2 : n>=1)

- XICLOANKAN (CnH2n:n>=3)

Cc phng trnh hay gp ca ankan:

as
1) CH4 + Cl2
CH3Cl + HCl
to
2) C4H10
CH3-CH3 + CH2= CH2
to
3) C4H10
CH4 + CH2= CH CH3

4) C2H5Cl + Na C4H10 + NaCl

as
5) C2H6 + Cl2
C2H5Cl + HCl
to
6) CH3COONa + NaOH
CH4 + Na2CO3
ln;1500 oC
7) 2CH4 l
C2H2 + 3H2

8) Al4C3 +12 HCl 4 AlCl3 + 3CH4

;to
9) C2H2 + H2 Pd

CH2=CH2 ( etilen)
Ni;to
10) CH2 =CH2 + H2
CH3- CH3

DNG 1: Vit cc cng thc cu to v gi tn?

a/ Vit cc cng thc cu to cc ng phn an kan C4H10, C5H12, C6H14, gi tn theo danh php thay th?

.
b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn Xicloankan ca C4H10, C5H10. gi tn chng?

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

DNG 2: Chui phn ng .

Natri axetat Metan Axetilen Etilen Etan Etylclorua Butan Propen
Nhm cacbua

DNG 3:

TON XC NH CTPT

Bi 1: Mt an kan X c 16 H.

xc nh CTpT ca X

..
Bi 2: Mt ankan A c cha % C =80% v khi lng. Tm CTPT ca A

Bi 3: an Kan X c t khi hi i vi heli l 14,5. Tm CTPT ca X

.
Bi 4: t chy hon ton 0,86 gam an kan A , cn dng va 3,04 gam kh Oxi. Tm CTPT ca A.

Bi 5: t chy hon ton 2,9 gam an kan Y , thu c 4,5 gam nc . Tm CTPT ca Y.

Bi 6: t chy hon ton an kan Y , thu c 5,4 gam nc v 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) . CTPT ca Y.

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

2


Bi 7: t chy ht 2,9 gam Ankan A phi dng va 7,28 lit khi oxi (kc).
a) Tm CTPT ca A?

b)

Vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn ca A/.

.
Bi 8: hh Y gm 2 ankan A v B u th kh. t chy hon ton hh Y th thu c 22,4 lt kh CO2 (ktc)
v 25,2 gam H2O. Hy xc nh CTPT v tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh Y, bit s mol ca B gp 3
ln ca A ?

...
Bi 9: hh Y gm 2 ankan A v B u th kh. t chy hon ton 20,6 hh Y th thu c 31,36 lt kh
CO2 (ktc) . Hy xc nh CTPT v tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh Y, bit s mol ca B gp 4 ln ca
A?

Bi 10: t chy ht 19,2 gam hn hp gm 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng th thu c 29,12 lt
kh CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % khi lng 2 ankan trong hn hp?

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

Bi 11: t chy ht 11,52 gam hn hp gm 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng th thu c 17,472
lt kh CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % khi lng 2 ankan trong hn hp.

II - HIDROCACBON KHNG NO:

.Cc phng trnh hay gp ca Anken:
to
1/ CH2=CH2 + H2 Ni,

CH3-CH3

3/ C2H5Cl + KOH ancol

2/ CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br

CH2=CH2 + KCl + H2O

5/ CH3-CH=CH2 + Br2 CH3-CHBr-CH2Br

, xt , p
4/ nCH2=CH2 to

-(CH2-CH2-)n

, p , xt
6/ nCH3-CH=CH2 to
-(CH(CH3)- CH2 )n-

7/ 3CH2=CH2 +2 KMnO4 + 4H2O 3 CH2OH-CH2OH +2MnO2 + 2 KOH

+
8/ CH2=CH2 + H2O H
CH3-CH2-OH

10/ CH2=CH2 + HCl

12/ CH3 CH = CH2

H+
9/ CH3-CH2-OH 170
c;
CH2=CH2 + H2O
to
11/ C2H2 + H2 Ni,

CH2=CH2

CH3-CH2Cl

CH3-CHOH-CH3 ( propan-2-ol) spc

+ H2O
CH3-CH2-CH2OH ( propan-1-ol)-spp
170 o C , H +

A-ANKEN (OLEFIN) :

cttq: CnH2n (n>=2)

DNG 1: Vit cc ng phn v gi tn. cc anken sau.

C5H10, C6H12.

DNG 2: Vit cc phng trnh trng hp cc cht sau.

a) CH2= CH2
e) CF2=CF2

b) CH2=CH-CH3
g) CH3-CH=CH-CH3

c) CH2=CHCl

D) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2

h) CH3-CH2-CH=C(CH3)2.
GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

DNG 3: Vit chui phn ng.

a) natri axetat Metan
b)Nhm cacbua
c) Butan

Axetilen

Metan

Propen

Axetilen
Propan

Etan

Etilen Etilen clorua

Etilen

Etilenglicol

Eten

Ancol etylic

Etilen Etilenglicol.

DNG 4: Vit cc phng trnh xy ra.

a) Khi cho Etilen tc dng vi dd Brom , axit HBr; H2O, dd KMnO4; O2, Trng hp.
b) Propen vi dd Brom , axit HBr; H2O; O2, Trng hp.

DNG 5: Xc nh CTPT ( ankan + anken)

Cu 1: Hn hp kh X gm ankan A v anken B.
-t chy a gam hh trn th thu c 1,792 lt kh CO2 (kc) v 1,62 gam H2O.
- Khi dn a gam hh X qua bnh ng dung dch Brom d, th khi lng bnh tng thm 0,84 gam.
Hy xc nh CTPT A v B, tnh gi tr a gam ? bit s mol B gp 2 ln A.

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

5

cu 2: . Hn hp kh X gm ankan A v anken B.
-t chy 10,1 gam hhX trn th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (kc) .
- Khi cng dn 10,1 gam hh X qua bnh ng dung dch Brom d, th khi lng bnh tng thm 5,6 gam.
Hy xc nh CTPT A v B v tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh ? bit s Cacbon ca B nhiu hn A l 2.

DNG 6: Xc nh CTPT 2 Anken k tip nhau.

Cu 1: Dn 4.48 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vo nc Brom, thy
khi lng bnh Brom tng thm 10,5 gam
a) Lp CTPT ca A v B

b) Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca A v B trong hh X?

cu 2: Dn 4.48 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vo nc Brom, thy

khi lng bnh Brom tng thm 7,0 gam
a) Lp CTPT ca A v B

b) Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca A v B trong hh X?

cu 3: Hn hp Y c khi lng 9,8 gam gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng va vi

500 ml dung dch Brom 0,4 M.
a) Lp CTPT ca A v B

b) Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca A v B trong hh X?

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

6

B-ANKADIEN.(IOLEFIN) : CTTQ : CnH2n-2 ( n>=3)

DNG 1: vit CTCT cc ng phn ankadien v gi tn: C4H6 , C5H8 , C6H10 .

DNG 2: Vit cc phng trnh xy ra

Khi cho Buta-1,3-dien tc dng vi.
a) H2( t l mol 1:1)

b) H2( t l mol 1:2)

c) dd Br2 ( t l 1:1)

d) trng hp kiu 1,4

DNG 3: Xc nh CTPT
cu 1: t chy 3,4 gam ankadien lin hp X th thu c 5,6 lit kh CO2(ktc).
a) lp CTPT ca X.

b) Bit X tc dng vi Hidro to ra isopentan. Tm CTCT ng ca X.

cu 2: t chy 3,4 gam ankadien lin hp X th cn dng va 7,84 lit kh Oxi(ktc). Lp ctpt ca X

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

C-ANKIN.

CTTQ : CnH2n-2 ( n>=2)

DNG 1: Vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc ankin sau.

a) C2H2

b) C3H4

c) C4H6

d) C5H8

cht no phn ng c vi dd AgNO3/ NH3.

DNG 2: Vit cc phng trnh xy ra

1 ) Axetilen vi : a) H2(xt: Pd/PbCO3)

b) H2(xt: Ni.to)

c) dd Br2( t l 1:1:)

d) HCl( t l 1:1).

e) dd AgNO3/NH3.
2) Propin vi ( nh axetilen)

Dng 3: chui bin ha.

a) Natri axetat Metan Axetilen Vinyl axetilen Butan Etilen Etilen glicol
b) vi Vi sng canxi cacbua Etin Etilen Etan Etyl clorua Etilen Ancol etylic
c) Butan Metan axetilen Bc Axetilua Axetilen Etilen PoliEtilen

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

DNG 4: Nhn bit cc kh

a) Axetilen , Etan, Propen

b) But-1-in, but-2-in, Butan

c) Propin, But-2-in, Etan

DNG 5: Xc nh CTPT Ankin

Bi 1: t chy Ankin A th thu c 8,96 lit kh CO2(kc) v 3,6 gam nc. Tm ctpt ca A

Bi 2: cho 4,48 lit Ankin vo dd AgNO3/NH3 ly d, th thu c 29,4 gam kt ta. Tm Ankin

DNG 6 : TON HN HP ANKEN, ANKIN

Bi 1: t chy hon ton 6,8 gam hh Y gm Propin v But-1-en , sau phn ng thu c 7,2 gam nc.
Xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong hh Y.

Bi 2: Hn hp X gm Axetilen v Etilen. 13,8 gam hh ny cho tc dng vi dung dch Brom nng 3M
th th tch dung dch Brom cn dng ti a l 200ml. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X?

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

9

Bi 3: Hn hp X gm Axetilen v Propilen. Nu t chy hon ton hh X th thu c 26,88 lt kh

CO2(ktc). Nu cng lng hh X trn cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 d th sau phn ng thu
c 72 gam kt ta. xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong hh X.

Bi 4: Hn hp Y gm Propin v Etilen. Nu t chy hon ton hh Y th thu c 19,04 lt kh CO2(ktc).

Nu cng lng hh Y trn cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 d th sau phn ng thu c 22,05
gam kt ta.

xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong hh Y.

Bi 5: Hn hp Y gm Propin v Etilen.
- Dn hh Y vo dd brom , th hh Y lm mt mu ti a 200 gam dung dch Brom c nng 2,8 %.
- Nu cng lng hh Y trn cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 d th sau phn ng thu c 1,47
gam kt ta.

Xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong hh Y.

D-ANKYL BENZEN.( hidrocacbon thm) :CTtQ: CnH2n-6 (n>=6)

DNG 1: Vit ctct v gi tn cc Ankyl benzen sau; C7H8 , C8H10, C9H12

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

10

DNG 2: Vit chui phn ng

Natriaxetat

Metan

Axetilen benzen

Brom benzene

DNG 3; vit cc phng trnh

1) benzen vi : Br2 (khan, bt Fe) ; HNO3 c ( xt: H2SO4c) ; Cl2 (xt: as) ; O2 .
2) Toluen vi; : Br2 (khan, bt Fe) ; HNO3 c ( xt: H2SO4c) ; Cl2 (xt: as) ; O2 .
3) Stiren vi: dd Br2; H2(xt; Ni); trng hp.

DNG 4: lp CTPT
Bi 1: X thuc dy ng ng Ankyl Benzen. t chy ht 2,24 lit kh X (kc) th thu c 30,8 gam kh
CO2. Tm CTpT ca X.

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

11

Bi 2: t chy cht A thuc dy ng ng ca benzen th thu c kh CO2 v nc theo t l 35,2:9 v

khi lng.

a) lp CTPT ca A.

b) vit cc CTCT ca A v gi tn chng.

Bi 3: t chy 6,0 gam cht B thuc dy ng ng ca benzen th thu c 19,8 gam kh CO2
a) lp CTPT ca B.

b) vit cc CTCT ca B v gi tn chng.

PHN 2:
A-

DN XUT HIDROCACBON

ANCOL.( ANKANOL). CTPT: CnH2n+2O (n>=1)

CTCT Ancol,no,n chc: CnH2n+1OH (n>=1)

DNG 1: vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc ancol.

Bi 1: vit cc ctct v gi tn cc ancol sau theo danh php thay th.
a) C2H6O

b) C3H8O

C) C4H10O

d) C5H12O

..
bi 2: : vit cc ctct v gi tn cc ancol thm sau. C7H8O

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

12

DNG 2: chui phn ng.

1)Metan axetilen etilen ancol etylic Etyl clorua Etilen Etyl clorua ancol etylic
Andehit axetic Ancol etylic ietyl ete.

2/ Butan Propen Propyl clorua propan-2-ol Axeton

.
DNG 3: vit phn ng.
1) Etanol vi : O2 ; Na, CuO un nng , axit CH3COOH.
2) Propan-1-ol vi : Na, CuO un nng ; O2

DNG 4: Nhn bit cc cht lng.

1) Etanol, glixerol , benzen, Stiren

2) Toluen, glixeron, stiren, ancol etylic

DNG 5: Ton tm CTPT ancol

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

13

Bi 1: t chy 18,5 gam mt ankanol, no n chc , mch h th thu c 22,4 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Lp
CTPT ca ankanol .

Bi 2: cho 3,7 gam Ancol no. n chc Y tc dng vi Natri. Th thu c 0,56 lt kh (ktc)
a) lp CTPT ca Y, vit cc ng phn , gi tn cc CTCT ca Y?
b) Khi oxihoa Y th thu c Xeton, Xc nh CTCT ng ca Y.

..
Bi 3: t chy mt ankanol, no n chc , mch h th thu c 6,6 gam kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam
nc . Lp CTPT ca ankanol .

Bi 4: t chy 1,48 gam mt ankanol, no n chc , mch h th cn dng va 2,688 lt kh O2

(ktc). Lp CTPT ca ankanol .

DNG 6 : Ton hn hp 2 ancol.

Bi 1: cho 28,2 gam hn hp gm ancol metylic v ancol etylic tc dng vi lng Na d th thu c
8,4 lt kh H2(ktc).
a)Tnh % khi lng cc ancol trong hh.

b) vit phng trnh to ra cc Anehit t cc ancol .

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

14

..
Bi 2: cho 16,6 gam hn hp X gm ancol etylic v ancol Propylic tc dng vi lng Na d th thu
c 3,36 lt kh H2(ktc). Tnh % khi lng cc ancol trong hh

B-

PHENOL. ( CTPT C6H6O, CTCT: C6H5OH , M= 94 )

DNG 1: vit phng trnh xy ra.(nu c)

1) khi cho phenol tc dng vi Na, dd NaOH, ddBr2, dd HNO3.
2) khi cho metyl phenol tc dng vi Na, dd NaOH, ddBr2, dd HNO3
3) Ancol Benzylic (C6H5-CH2-OH) tc dng vi; Na, dd NaOH; CH3COOH

..

DNG 2: Nhn bit cc cht lng.

1) Hex-1-in , Stiren, Phenol, Ancol Etylic
3) Hex-1-in, Phenol, Glixerol, Hex-1-en

2) Ancol etylic, Glixerol, phenol, Toluen

4) Phenol, glixerol, stiren,benzene

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

15

DNG 3:

Ton hn hp ( Ancol +Phenol)

Bi 1: Cho m gam hh Y gm Phenol v Etanol tc dng vi Na d th thu c 4,48 lt kh H2(ktc). Mt

khc th m gam hh Y tc dng va ht vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
a) xc nh m gam

b) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh Y.

Bi 2: 22 gam hh gm Metanol v phenol tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaoH nng 20%.
Tnh % khi lng cc cht.

Bi 3: cho 6,51 gam hn hp gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic, phenol tc dng vi Na d th thu c
1,232 lt kh Hidro(ktc). Cng lng hn hp trn tc dng va ht vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH
0,5M . tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp?

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

16

Bi 4: Hn hp A gm ancol metylic v Phenol. Cho hh tc dng vi K d th thu c 5600 ml kh

(ktc). cng lng hh trn c kh nng tc dng va 200 gam dung dch KOH nng 8,4 % .Tnh
phn trm khi lng cc cht trong h h?

C-

ANEHIT.(ANKANAl ) : CTPT CnH2nO :n>=1)

(CTCT andehit ,no,on chc: CnH2n+1CHO )

DNG 1: vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc ankanal c CTPT sau.

a) C2H4O

b) C3H6O

C) C4H8O

d) C5H10O

DNG 2: Vit cc phng trnh xy ra.

1) Metanal vi: H2(Ni,to) ; O2(xc tc) ; dd AgNO3/NH3; Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH .
2) Etanal vi : H2(Ni,to) ; O2(xc tc) ; dd AgNO3/NH3; Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH .

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

17

DNG 3:chui phn ng.

1) Metan Axetilen Anehit axetic Ancol Etylic Etilen Ancol Etylic Andehit axetic
2) Butan
Etilen

etan

Etyl clorua ancol Etylic

Andehit axetic

ancol Etylic

Etilen glicol.

DNG 4: Xc nh CTPT .
Bi 1: cho 11,6 gam mt ankanal tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c 43,2 gam kt ta bc.
Tm CTPT ca ankanal ,

Bi 2: t chy mt Ankanal no, n chc X cn dng ht 12,32 lit kh Oxi(kc), sau phn ng thu
c 17,6 gam kh CO2. Tm CTPT ca X.

bi 3: Cho 5,25 gam andehit no,n chc thc hin phn ng trng gng, Lng Bc sinh ra cho tc dng
vi dung dch axit HNO3 long th thu c 1,4 lt kh NO(ktc). Xc nh CTPT v vit cc CTCT, gi tn

D- AXIT CACBOXYLIC (ANKANOIC)

-CTPT : CnH2nO2

(n>=1)
GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

18

CTCT : CnH2n +1 COOH

(n>=0)

DNG 1: : vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc ankanoic c CTPT sau.

a) C2H4O2

b) C3H6O2

C) C4H8O2

d) C5H10O2

DNG 2: Vit cc phng trnh xy ra.

1) Axit axetic tc dng vi : NaOH, ancol metylic, Kim loi Natri , Na2CO3
2) Axit Fomic tc dng vi : NaOH, ancol etylic, Kim loi Natri , CaCO3 , dd AgNO3/NH3

DNG 3: Vit cc chui.

Ancol Etylic Andehit axetic axit axetic Natri axetat Metan axetilen andehit axetic

DNG 4: Xc nh CTPT .axit.

Bi 1: t chy hon ton 3,7 gam mt axit no, n chc, mch h khng nhnh phi dng va ht 3,92 lt
kh Oxi(ktc). Xc nh CTPt, CTCT v gi tn axit ?

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

19

Bi 2: t chy hon ton 2,64 gam mt axit no, n chc, mch h , th thu c 2,16 gam nc . Xc
nh CTPt, vit cc CTCT ca axit ?

..
Bi 3: Trung ha 2,3 gam axit no, n chc Y th cn dng ht 200 ml dung dich KOH 0,25 M. xc nh
CTPT ca Y?

Bi 5: Ha tan hon ton 3 gam axit no, n chc X vo dung dch Na2CO3 ly d, sau phn ng thu c
0,56 lt kh CO2(ktc). Xc nh CTPT ca X?

DNG 4: Xc nh CTPT .v % Khi lng ca hn hp 2 axit. .

Bi 1: hh Y gm 2 axit no, n chc A v B l k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 28,2
gam hh Y th sinh ra 24,64 lt kh CO2(ktc).
a) xc nh CTPT ca A v B

b) tnh % khi lng A v B

Bi 2: hh X gm axit fomic v axit axetic. Cho 54,4 gam hh ny tc dng hon ton vi dd Na2CO3 d th
sau phn ng thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc) . Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hh/

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

20

GV: Nguyn Xun Thng

21