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Background
World Vision's History and Mission
World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice.

The 1950s
Dr. Bob Pierce began World Vision to help children orphaned in the Korean War. To provide long-term, ongoing care for children in crisis, World Vision developed its first child sponsorship program in Korea in 1953. As children began to flourish through sponsorship in Korea, the program expanded into other Asian countries and eventually into Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Today, monthly contributions from sponsors enable World Vision to provide impoverished children and their communities with access to clean water, nutritious food, education, health care and economic opportunities.

The 1960s
World Vision began its global relief efforts in the 1960s, delivering food, clothing and medical supplies to people suffering from disaster. World Vision began soliciting clothing and other surplus products from corporations to help meet the immediate needs of children and families in emergency situations. These gift-in-kind donations now account for roughly 30 percent of World Visions income.

The 1970s
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, donations continued to grow, and World Vision was able to reach thousands more children. At this time, World Vision realized the growing need to work with entire communities to help children and families break free from poverty. World Vision began incorporating vocational and agricultural training for families into its sponsorship efforts, and parents began learning to farm and earn money through small enterprises. These efforts to affect self-sustainable change evolved into World Visions current community development work. Long-term development has proven central to bringing lasting hope. After meeting immediate survival needs, World Vision works with communities to help them find lasting solutions and move toward self-reliance.

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The 1980s
A major benchmark of our growth occurred in the early 1980s when famine struck Ethiopia. The media coverage of the famine created unprecedented awareness of human need, and people throughout the world offered financial resources to the relief efforts. World Vision provided millions of dollars worth of food and medical assistance, saving thousands of lives from the slow, agonizing death of starvation. Once the immediate crisis subsided, World Vision began long-term efforts to help Ethiopians rebuild their lives. Today, the region that was once parched and full of death thrives with nutritious crops, fresh water and hope for the future. Also in the 1980s, World Vision began drilling wells in communities, causing infant mortality rates to drop. World Vision often uses clean water as an entry point into communities, following with other activities that create change. Once the pump is installed, World Vision trains community volunteers to become health promoters, who, in turn, teach their neighbours how to use fresh water for better health. World Vision offers classes to villagers in health care, gardening, irrigation and income generation. Villages evolve from poverty-stricken, illness-plagued communities to thriving, self-supporting, healthy ones.

The 1990s
In 1990, World Vision began addressing the urgent needs of children in Uganda who had been orphaned by AIDS. Recognizing the magnitude of the AIDS pandemic and its serious impact on decades of development efforts, World Vision began expanding its AIDS programming into other hard-hit African countries. In Romania, World Vision worked with the long-neglected orphan population and provided training to health care workers. In Somalia, World Vision joined United Nations peacekeepers to help millions affected by the civil war. World Vision launched the 30 Hour Famine early in the decade to help young people experience the effects of poverty firsthand and raise funds to make a difference for hungry children around the world. In the U.S. alone, 485,000 youth now raise more than $11 million every year through the Famine. World Vision also began actively promoting justice for children and the poor in the early 1990s, calling for an international ban on land mines, an end to child exploitation and equal opportunities for female children.

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The New Millennium: 2000 and Beyond

In the year 2000, World Vision launched the Hope Initiative to call people to respond to what had become the greatest humanitarian crisis of our time HIV and AIDS. By 2006, nearly 399,000 orphans and vulnerable children had been sponsored in AIDS-affected communities. World Vision is helping turn the tide against HIV and AIDS worldwide by caring for orphans and vulnerable children, preventing the spread of HIV with education based on biblical principles, and advocating for effective programs that transform communities and save lives. Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, World Vision assisted New Yorkers not covered by other aid programs. Later, it established emergency food programs for more than 1 million Afghanis. In 2002, World Vision, along with other NGO partners, received one of the largest emergency relief grants in history to provide food and related assistance to tens of millions of Africans affected by the decades worst famine in Southern Africa. World Vision has continued to be a voice for the poor by helping to stop the flow of conflict diamonds fuelling civil wars in Africa, deterring sex tourists who prey on innocent children abroad and calling for an end to the use of child soldiers in northern Uganda. When massive tsunamis devastated South Asia in December 2004, World Visions 3,700 local staff began responding immediately with life-saving aid. Generous donor gifts are enabling World Vision to help families rebuild their lives over the long-term with new homes, schools, clean water, health care and economic opportunities.

Serving the Poor in Nearly 100 Countries

World Vision is present where human needs are greatest and where hearts can be moved to help the poor. Each year we build on our effective work from the past, with the vision of helping every child experience life in all its fullness.In nearly 100 countries around the globe, World Vision joins with local people to find lasting ways to improve the lives of children and families in poverty.

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World Visions History in Bangladesh

World Vision began assisting the people of Bangladesh in 1970 following a flood and cyclone, necessitating relief to the people of the coastal region. More than $200,000 in emergency relief supplies were provided. In addition, roads were rebuilt; wells dug, and 63 schools, colleges, and health clinics were reconstructed. In 1971, civil war caused refugees to flee to India. After the war, people returning to the new country of Bangladesh were faced with issues of malnutrition and disease. World Vision aided with emergency relief measures. Through the relocation of villagers, road construction, land clearance, excavation of wells and canals, and the repair of damaged schools and structures, World Vision helped rebuild the northern part of the country. In 1973, World Vision opened an office in Dhaka. That same year, a childcare program provided direct assistance to children ages four to 14. In 1974, 23 new projects were initiated. Relief was provided to flood victims in Jamalpur, Netrokona, and Mymensingh. At the Dhaka Shishu Hospital for Children, health care was provided for the poor and sick. A clinic for immunization of children under age five was opened as well. World Vision worked with communities to provide education on nutrition to mothers and promote research in the field of pediatric health care. The Shreenagar Thana Development Project assisted 250,000 people with health, family planning, agriculture, and income generation. By the mid 1970s, 8,000 children were sponsored through World Vision. During the 1980s, World Vision conducted relief and rehabilitation work in four remote flood-affected areas. A total of $170,000 was spent for foodstuffs, clothing, housing, medical services, and rebuilding flood-damaged roads, dams, and houses. By 1982, the number of sponsored children had grown to 11,641. In 1986, through a flood rehabilitation program, World Vision provided rice, chira, and housing assistance to flood-affected villages. By 1992, 254 projects were active, and the number of sponsored children had increased to 57,745. World Vision also began additional relief and rehabilitation projects to assist communities affected by political unrest as well as the effects of natural disasters. In 1994, a major shift occurred in World Visions program emphasis, moving from small community development projects to more holistic, integrated programs addressing the root causes of poverty. The organization of projects within area development programs (ADPs) facilitated this redirection.

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A severe flood hit three districts in 1995, and World Vision responded through provision of cash for food and other items for 6,004 families. In addition, agricultural loans were made accessible to 1,450 marginal farmers. By 1996, the number of children in sponsorship increased to 72,115. The end of 1998 assisted more than 2 million people in Bangladesh. Projects in the 1990s provided: Natural disaster shelters that were constructed for 95,000 people in the Chittagong, Coxs Bazaar, and Khulna districts. Immunization against measles for 85 percent of children ages one to two in the Chittagong district. In addition, access to safe drinking water was provided for 2,400 families. Access to sanitation facilities was provided for 300 families. Water seal latrines were installed for 145 families.

World Vision in Bangladesh Today

With the support of generous donors, World Vision is partnering with families throughout Bangladesh to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Currently 30,164 girls and boys are receiving the benefits of child sponsorship thanks to U.S. sponsors. Various activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen communities and move families toward self-reliance. Currently, the U.S. office of World Vision supports nine ADPs. Current projects include: The Assistance Plan for Juvenile Delinquents spreads awareness of laws that protect the rights of juveniles who break the law. Until this project, arrested children were held with adults in correctional facilities where they were exposed to mental and physical torture and sexual abuse. With the partnership of the Bangladesh Retired Police Officers Welfare Association, this program will improve the health of targeted delinquent children. Additionally, it will increase awareness of the juvenile correction and justice system and will help reestablish childrens dignity in society. The Light for Life Program will expand and extend the Khulna HIV/AIDS program with the integration of prevention components. It will provide HIV/AIDs education to individuals and groups relating to prevention and treatment, as well as provide training for staff, peer educators, community volunteers, and partners. The program makes use of surveys, workshops, and media for awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention.

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Though much has been accomplished through partnership with the people of Bangladesh to improve their circumstances today and for generations to come, more needs to be done to enrich the lives of children and families.

How World Vision Works

A key feature of World Visions work is community development. Our child-focused programmes work in childrens education and health, water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, HIV-AIDS, disaster preparedness, child rights and participation and micro-enterprise development. These programmes, supported through child sponsorship, are long-term (10 to 15 years) allowing World Vision to address poverty issues and build sustainable solutions alongside the community. In addition, World Vision Bangladesh has a number of special development projects delivered in partnership with international governments and private donors. They also respond to natural and man-made humanitarian disasters that so badly affect children, their families and communities, by providing emergency aid and assistance. At present World Vision in Bangladesh operates through 43 Area Development Programs (ADPs) and 22 special funded projects at 40 subdistricts and metropolitan locations in 22 districts throughout the country, serving some three million people with various development programs.

How sponsorship works

Sponsorship has been introduced for children in especially poor village clusters or urban communities. Through the sponsorship of over 115,000 children in Bangladesh, we are able to offer activities and solutions countrywide. By sponsoring a child, supporters from around the world are funding projects designed to help the childrens communities to lift themselves out of poverty.

Human Resource
In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staff is placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staff in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary.

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Organogram of HR Section
HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs.

HR Director

HR Specialist- 1

HR Specialist-2 HR Specialist-3 HR Specialist-4

HR Specialist-5

Recruitment Process
Following steps are followed in the recruitment process: Needs assessment Assessment is usually done at ADP level by the management team headed by ADP Manager. For staff needed at National level assessment is made by the Technical Services or other departments. Zonal Coordinator approves the requirement and places the request to the HR Director. Fixing of terms and conditions For every position specific qualifications, expertise, experiences are worked out by subject specific experts and submitted to HR Section. Placement of Advertisement Advertisement is posted in different national dailies and in bdjobs.com to find the suitable candidates for the positions. Collection of Application and CV Short listing Informing potential candidates Conduction of written test Conduction of interview Evaluation and selection Negotiation with selected candidates Finalization of staff to be recruited Recruitment.

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HRM 460 Group G Recruiting Process

Needs assessment

Fixing of terms and conditions

Placement of Advertisement

Collection of Application and CV

Short listing

Informing potential candidates

Conduction of written test

Conduction of interview

Evaluation and selection

Negotiation with selected candidates Finalization of staff to be recruited

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Problems faced in HRD

Suitable and qualified staff not always found Many are unwilling to join at upazilla level Quitting of job after a short time Re-advertisement sometimes causes loss of time Simultaneous advertisement for many positions is often problematic Recruitment procedure takes longer time than expected. Project initiation sometimes gets delayed. Difficult to get physicians for health programs of ADPs

About Bangladesh
Bangladesh, located in southern Asia, emerged in 1971 when Bengal East Pakistan seceded from its union with West Pakistan. The country is bordered by the Bay of Bengal, India, and Burma. Many branches of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers stretch across the country. Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. Natural resources include natural gas, timber, arable land, and coal. The industries of Bangladesh encompass cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, and sugar. The countrys monsoon season occurs from June to October. Ninety-eight percent of the 144 million population consider themselves Bengal. Other ethnicities include non-Bengal Muslims and tribal groups. The official language is Bangla, but English also is spoken. Major agricultural products include rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, and oilseeds as well as spices and fruit. Although major strides have been made in increasing rice production, severe overpopulation has resulted in inadequate crop production. Nearly 80 percent of the populations inhabit rural areas. With a population growth rate of 2.08 percent, the countrys total population is expected to double in nearly 30 years. Approximately 63 percent of the labor force is dedicated to agriculture, with 26 percent in services, and 11 percent in industry. Forty percent of Bangladeshis are either unemployed or underemployed. In addition, 35.6 percent of the populations live below the poverty line. Of the 16.7 million children age six to ten years, 6.9 million are not enrolled in primary school, and 5.9 million of secondary school students have dropped out. Frequent cyclones and floods as well as political opposition within the

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government from bureaucracy, public sect unions, and other interest groups have impeded quick economic growthof a steady rate of five percent. Bangladesh is located in one of the most disaster-prone areas of the world. In 1991, a devastating cyclone killed approximately 140,000 people in the port city of Chittagong. In 1998, according to the Central Control Room of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, devastating floods that covered two-thirds of the entire country resulted in the loss of US$300 million worth of rice crops and damaged 5,692 miles of roads, 6,500 bridges and culverts, and 1,800 schools.

In Action
Through sponsorship and other community-based projects, World Vision is helping people throughout Bangladesh to face the issues and challenges of their everyday lives. Currently World Vision is involved in the following projects in Bangladesh: Children and their rights Food, health and nutrition Water and environment HIV and AIDS Education and skills building Gender equality

Children and Their Rights

Landlessness and lack of opportunity, family violence and community isolation, all force children in Bangladesh into situations where their basic rights are put at risk. For World Vision Bangladesh, protecting children is the most important part of our work. We build awareness, train and advise on child rights laws, and network with other non-government organisations, donors and decisionmakers to reach the children at most at risk in our communities. Child Labour Some 7.4 million children, between the ages 10-14 are involved in some 430 different types of child labour in Bangladesh. Most of these children are working long hours in jobs that are repetitive, tedious and badly paid. Struggling for enough food to eat, or to help their families pay off debts, these children have little time left over to think about other necessities like education, healthcare, clothing, and shelter.

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Even worse, an estimated 1.3 million children are involved in work that directly affects their health and well-being. From hazardous conditions in factories and industry, through to smuggling, drug selling and sex work, their exploitation leaves them physically or emotionally scarred. One of World Vision Bangladesh's goals within each sponsorship area is to ensure completion of five years of primary education for all children in the community. Special and strategic solutions must be found in areas where many children work, because often their wages are helping them, or their families, to survive. The southern city of Khulna, a regional capital where many families arrive in search of better opportunites, has an estimated 21,000 boys and 17,000 girls who work instead of attending school. Here, World Vision's non-formal schooling programme provides these children with an alternative path to education. Delivered through drop-in centres, the lessons are open to all, at different times of the day. As well as learning to read and write, children are given valuable information about their rights and how to avoid risk and exploitation. Living on the Streets It's impossible to count the number of children living on the streets of different district towns, especially in the crowded streets of Dhaka, Bangladesh's capital. Many of them have no parents. Some have either a father or a mother, but are ill treated, with no way of knowing how to protect themselves from abuse. Consequently they leave or are thrown out of their homes, sleeping on the streets and in the railway stations, extremely vulnerable to exploitation and sexual abuse, physical and mental hardship. Winning the trust of these children can be half the battle. World Vision's facilities, such as drop-in centres and residential care, are carefully structured to ensure that their rules, though fair, do not drive the children away. For many, these centres are the only place of refuge, where a warm meal or a clean bed can be found, as well as support, advice and love from the house parents there. Child Participation Teaching children their rights is a powerful way to protect them. Many children in developing communities do not know about the UN Convention on the

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Rights of the Child, or that they have right to protection, a voice and an opinion. Jewel, a former sponsored child who went on to college, is chairman of the World Vision Sponsored Children Committee in Bogra. He helps to organise events and meetings between sponsored children where they learn about leadership skills and their rights. He is representing 4,000 children. He participates not only for his own interest, but also for the interest of every sponsored child in Bogra.

Food, Health and Nutrition

Bangladesh is considered one of the most malnourished countries in the world. The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is the highest in the world about 50%. The prevalence of malnutrition among under-five-year children is 56%. The prevalence of nutritional anaemia in Bangladesh is also considered to be the highest in the world - 70%. The reasons for this are complex. Poverty places people in a situation where they cannot afford a variety of nutritional foods, but just as importantly, the knowledge of what constitutes good nutrition is lacking, especially in women who have never received an education. More Food World Vision Bangladesh implements and advises on agricultural programs in 14 ADPs, ranging from crop production and livestock raising, to pond fish farming and household fruit trees. The main objectives of the agricultural programs are to increase productivity and production. Improving food production means not only a better range of nutritional foods available, but also greater family income and economic security. Better Food To combat the incidence of severe malnutrition, World Vision Bangladesh initiated nutrition programs in 15 APS, both rural and urban. The broad aim of the program is to reduce malnutrition particularly among the most vulnerable groups, which include children under five and pregnant and lactating women. The program has three main components, community-based health programs to monitor growth and health in children and their mothers, health and nutrition education for community groups, and feeding demonstrations and advice for severely malnourished children and underweight pregnant women.

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Water and Environment

Increased access to safe drinking water and sanitation can reduce Bangladesh's high child mortality rate. Water borne diseases such as diarrhoea and dysentery cause a high percentage of child mortality, yet are both preventable and treatable. More recently, research has been done into toxicity of water, to discover that an estimated 30 million people in Bangladesh are drinking water polluted with arsenic. The government has identified arsenic as the number one health hazard affecting the lives of its people. But to date, no solution has been found to the problem, and providing clean, safe, drinking water is still a challenge. Fresh Sources of Water In the last four years, World Vision has installed over 2,000 tube-wells in arsenic-free areas. The results have been measurable in improved health and lower mortality rate from water borne diseases. As well as providing clean drinking water, World Vision has worked to raise awareness among both children and adults in the community, conducting training and seminars on how to get and use clean water, and the importance of sanitary practices like using a toilet and washing hands with soap. The Danger of Arsenic The toxicity of water supply is of real concern in Bangladesh. Effects of drinking arsenic-laced water range from low-level poisoning to stunting of growth and bone development. World Vision is vigilant in testing both new and existing water supplies for traces of arsenic. In areas where the water is affected, arsenic filters have been installed and people given advice on how to protect themselves from the dangers of arsenic poisoning.

HIV and AIDS

Bangladesh is in a very vulnerable situation when it comes to the spread of HIV and AIDS. It is mostly surrounded by India where HIV and AIDS is already a major problem. Another border is shared with Myanmar, also with a high prevalence rate. Many Bangledeshi people cross these borders, as well as to Nepal and Thailand, in search of work. With HIV and AIDS one of the most significant threats to development in the world today, prevention is a priority for World Vision Bangladesh. In 43 ADPs, World Vision has integrated HIV and AIDS projects with other core development programs. They also work closely with government and nongovernment organizations to prevent HIV and AIDS transmission into the

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general population. As an active member of the National STI/AIDS network of Bangladesh, World Vision Bangladesh has participated in every activity of the national STI/AIDS program. High-risk Categories First On the List Mongla HIV/AIDS Project, in coastal southern Bangladesh, has played a pioneering role in AIDS awareness with special focus on sex workers and their potential clients - dock labourers, rickshaw pullers, truck drivers, ship crews, and so on. For these people, safe sex and the use of condoms is the focus of education. This success of this program has led to several more, in Khulna (southwest part of the country), Coxs Bazar (southeast coastal area), Mymensingh (north part of country) and Dhaka (capital city). However, HIV and AIDS awareness is not limited to these areas or groups. HIV and AIDS components are incorporated in all the ADPs within Bangladesh. People are encouraged to be faithful between husbands and wives. Brochures, leaflets, posters, billboards, campaigns and rallies have helped to create awareness amongst the public on the dangers of HIV and AIDS and how to avoid them. Media campaigns through producing video documentaries and broadcasting on national and private channels are even stronger steps in the initiation of awareness building among the people of Bangladesh. Reaching Young People with the Right Message Jannatul is a university student who works as a volunteer peer educator for World Vision Bangladesh's Khulna HIV and AIDS Prevention Project. "At the beginning, some students used to call me 'AIDS Apa' (older sister)," says Jannatul. "Actually, they felt shy talking about the issue. They used to ask me why, being older, I approached them to talk about such a disease." Jannatul explains that HIV and AIDS was considered a disease of bad people who lead immoral lifestyles. But within a few months, she was able to reach her audience, both boys and girls, to explain the realities of HIV and AIDS. Now, Jannatul sits with a new group of 20 students per month to share messages of HIV and AIDS and ways of prevention. At group, it takes 30 - 40 minutes for the main sharing followed by a short forum. Now, the volunteer peer educators are well accepted among the students. They express their willingness spontaneously to sit in groups and discuss more about HIV and AIDS and health related issues. Boys and girls, sit together and share what is HIV and AIDS and how to prevent it. Khulna HIV and AIDS Project involve 23 colleges under Khulna City Corporation. Each college group consists of three to four students and one teacher, all volunteers. There is also an information board in each college

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where latest information and data on the HIV and AIDS issue are posted for students to refresh their knowledge.

Education and skills building

World Vision Bangladesh considers education for all a priority of their development work. With better education comes better opportunity, less child labour and exploitation, a better gender balance and a more self-supportive community. All ADPs have taken initiatives to ensure attendance at school at a primary level, plus encouragement for quality education at secondary and higher secondary level. Dropout rates have decreased, thanks to education assistance with supplies, fees, books, scholarships and teacher training. But education is not just for children. Adults are also benefiting from World Vision's work, through literacy classes or skills training to make a success of their own small business. Starting Young It's proven that children who attend an educational pre-school have a head start on learning and social skills. ADPs have been conducting pre-school sessions for children age ranging from 4 to 6 years old. The programme was designed to promote health and stimulate minds, as well as giving basic competencies such as reading, writing in Bangla and English, counting and playing games.Through these pre-schools, children became more interested in school lessons, increasing the school enrolment and success rate later in their lives. Never Too Late Education is important for not only children but also adults. In Bangladesh, the adult literacy rate is low due to poverty, ignorance, and lack of opportunity. The literacy rate of women is lower than that of men, creating a division of knowledge that prevents women from taking part in important community decisions. World Vision Bangladesh has focused on the most vulnerable and marginalized people to provide them with literacy knowledge. Adult literacy programmes enabled learners to read, write and add up, with a special focus on women. Many women who have been through literacy classes with World Vision go on to teach their peers the same lessons.

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Micro-enterprise Development As part of its poverty alleviation goal, World Vision Bangladesh started disbursing small loans in 1990. More recently the focus has been on introducing self-sustaining long-term micro-credit and micro-enterprise schemes. In March 2004, based on an independent feasibility study, World Vision decided to pilot community credit in four ADPs. Since that time, the enterprise has loaned the equivalent of US$566,533 to 3,445 borrowers, enabling them to start or improve business enterprises that directly impact their income opportunities. Businesses range from small shops and manufacturing to livestock rearing, fish farming and saleable craft. 76% of these borrowers have been women, and the loan recovery rate as of September 30, 2005, was 100%.

Gender Equality
World Vision recognizes that the status of women and girls in Bangladesh needs to improve in order to deliver successful development programs. As well as having often untapped potential for success, women take on community and family responsibilities that can only be enhanced by better knowledge, education and empowerment. World Vision pays special attention to promoting the status of women and girl children through various activities and programs. Emphasis has been given to equal opportunity, leadership skills and capacity building. Gender on the Agenda All 43 ADPs have nominated representatives who receive training on gender issues from recognized institutions. This representative in turn gives training to colleagues and ADP facilitators to ensure that everyone working with the community is aware of opportunities to promote the cause of women, including equal wages, legal representation and participation in planning and decision-making. More than 80 percent of the unpaid World Vision Community Development Groups are females. Almost 100% of these have joined during or after courses designed for women, giving them skills like bookkeeping, simple accounts, reading, writing and functioning their revolving loan program on their own.

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This makes it possible for them to take the lead in many community initiatives, including union parishad, city corporations and community groups. It is encouraging to see how many women are now confident and capable in participating in development program designs, planning, implementation and evaluation. Housewife Steps outside the Door Housewives to having felt stifled in the limited role of housewife they once knew. Her husband once had reservations about her leaving the house. They convinced their husbands by doing some work and World Vision helped them stand firmly on their own feet, as they worked outside the house and earned some extra money to add with the income of their husband. It showed they had good initiative to develop their family. Now as leader of a World Vision Development Group, many housewives are working for the welfare of the poor women in the community. They can now say with pride that diarrhea has been reduced in the ADP working community and child mortality rate has dramatically decreased as a result. They find work for the poor women in the community and advise many to take the initiative to earn extra money for better family management. They mention examples out of their own life to ease the other poor women in the slums and their families. They are also been able to take a stand on the custom of early marriage in the community. When one finds she is not able to prevent early marriage on her own, she gathers other women members from the Development Group and they collectively go to prevent such a marriage. They believe a girl is not less than a boy, but the girl must be brought up in the right way for her to reveal it.

Agricultural Program
The agricultural program of World Vision Bangladesh (WVB) aims at improving household food and income security through maximizing efficacy of resource utilization thereby ensuring three full meals a day for all members of target households in a equitable manner round the year. The strategic programme objectives are: to increase agricultural productivity and production, and to promote diversification of income earning sources.

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To help target households achieving the above objectives, WVB operates following major interventions including: crop production, income earning noncrop activities and products marketing. The crop production interventions comprise intensification of cereal crop production, diversification of nutrition rich and high-return non-cereal food crop production and high-return cash crop production. The income earning non-crop activities include livestock production, fish culture and tree plantation. The product marketing activities consist of market studies, products processing, packaging, preservation and storing and sales promotion. The strategy that WVB adopts in operating the program interventions is to enhance capacity of target households through a community-based approach. This approach is to disseminate improved agricultural technology and practices by using various extension techniques supplemented by input assistance along with establishing linkages and partnerships with governmental agricultural departments, research institutes, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private sector extension service providers. The main extension techniques, which WVB uses in disseminating improved agricultural technology and practices, include farmer training, farmer-to-farmer learning, demonstrations and Farmer Field Schools (FFS) provide hands-on experience, backstopping to producer groups and cross-visits to and from the producer groups. As input assistance on cost contribution, WVB provides improved seeds and seedlings, fertilizers, small livestock (poultry birds and goats), beef and dairy cattle, fingerlings, etc and distributes saplings of quick growing fruit trees, hard wood trees and medicinal plants.

Micro Enterprise Development (MED) Program

Micro Enterprise Development, being a separate Unit (MEDU) is charged with bringing about economic transformation on a sustainable basis, the mission of micro-credit is to serve the micro-finance needs of the community in and around Area Development Program (ADP) with special focus on the empowerment of women to participate in family and social decision making process, creation of self employment and creating employment opportunities of extremely poor in the target community and impacting positively the lives of their children. MEDU operates micro-credit only within the development groups (DGs) organized and recognized by WVBs ADPs who can borrow money at a 12 percent flat rate to start various income generation activities. It encompasses

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such areas as group formation, savings in the name of group, accounting, managerial and leadership capacities of the members who at the same time take active part in the entire process of planning and implementation of development programmes in the area. Micro-credit is the extension of small loans to entrepreneurs who are too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. It has proven an effective and popular measure in the ongoing struggle against poverty, enabling those without access to lending institutions to borrow at bank rates, and start small business. WVBs ministry on economic development will be partly accomplished through MEDU as it evolves in to a mature and effective micro finance institution (MFI) in the future. Due to limited access to financial services for the poor to lift themselves out of poverty, the micro credit program is a tool for poverty alleviation and empowering the poor. Lack of access to formal banking system deprives them of the facilities to borrow, save and invest in productive activities. Making credit available to the rural poor enables them to become involved in different income generating activities allowing them to become economically self-reliant. The poor have few options for credit. Without collateral or credit history, they have no access to commercial banks and are forced to borrow from moneylenders who charge exorbitant interest rates. The MED unit addresses this problem in a way that treats the poor with dignity, meeting their needs without creating dependency. Offering technical assistance and financial and social intermediation services such as loans, group savings, and skill training, DG organizations provide the poor with the resources mobilization needed to enhance their livelihood. One important type of micro-credit operation is poverty lending that targets the poorest of the economically active poor, especially women, through solidaritylending programmes designed to foster trust and community building. Participants in poverty lending programmes receive very small loans that are co-guaranteed by the other members of their group. These loans are typically used to begin small individual businesses, ranging from small-scale micro-enterprises with permanent locations to periodic income generating activities. Often, savings are collected within the group, where business training, peer consulting, and networking also take place. Under this program in FY2006, an amount of total Taka 104,7,23,100 was disbursed as loan to the 12,313 borrowers or clients of 1,499 Development Groups (DGs). Total of 1,361male and 10,952 female borrowers got involved with this credit program. After getting the loan, DG members utilized the money and implemented the plan to increase family and individual income. This program created and

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sustained 8,571 jobs impacting 24,848 children. Here some of the major sectors usually DG members used the credit amount. They utilized their loan money in the various sectors of commerce such as small business, service business, production business and agriculture (crops and animal husbandry). Agricultural and income generating activities were found interesting among the members. Many of them are now self-dependent and leading better lifestyles with happiness and prosperity. Borrowers are happy with the microcredit program. The parents and guardians are now able to provide meals for the school going children hence their performance and attendance at school have improved. After completing the piloting phase in FY 2006, the MED program officially started as a separate, specialized, sustainable, and significant program in FY 2007 with a plan to operate in six different branches in Dhaka, Khulna, Mymenshing, Bogra, Chittagong and Madaripur. Finally, it has synchronized with WVBs vision that is to: Improve the quality of life of extremely poor families Develop community-based leadership, solidarity and self-reliance. Nurture local initiatives that serve the community. Strengthen and grow sustainable businesses

Special Funded Projects

World Vision Bangladesh (WVB) besides operating through its Area Development Programmes (ADPs) interventions based on needs of the community lays emphasis on critical and important developmental issues that are addressed through Special Funded Projects in almost all the 47 ADPs, some of which are highlighted here below:

Children in Extremely Difficult Circumstances (CEDC) Projects

The CEDC projects of WVB managed under supervision of ADPs were established to help vulnerable children who live in the streets, and try to eek out a living through hazardous occupations, quite often deprived of their basic rights. WVB works with local institutions and service providers to ensure that these street children are given special care through the provision of shelter, food, medical treatment, vocational training, and awareness of their rights in society. The CEDC provides counseling to traumatize children who may have suffered mental anxieties by living on the streets, being tortured by unkind and ruthless people who take advantage of them. The street children that visit the project - 20 -

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centers are taught various kinds of disciplines, and receive trainings so that they can sustain themselves. For these vulnerable children, the CEDC project through some ADPs is working at different places in Dhaka, Khulna, Gazipur, Bogra, and Faridpur districts.

Bangladesh Street Children Project (BSCP)

Bangladesh Street Children Project (BSCP) started in 1999 in four areas of Dhaka City Corporation with the aim to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks of the citys street children through human development programmes, such as learning opportunity, value formation, building skills, trainings, and economical support to enhance their livelihood provided by the project. As of September 2006, amongst the 915 children of the project, 20 street girls live at the 24hour care centre. Operating in an area where around 50 percent of the people are slum dwellers, the BSCP helped raise the standard of living of the target children and their families. The project also runs a day and night drop in centre for street children having accommodation facilities for 20 homeless children who have no place to stay or sleep. At the centre, they are taken care by the supervisor and project staff. Other services and facilities include education, counseling, moral education, healthcare services (preventive & curative), skills training, recreation, food and accommodation. In fiscal year 2006, the project provided health care services, dietary food to 895 children. A total of 108 adolescent girls were immunized. Awareness on HIV and AIDS was given to 915 community people. Deworming was given to 2,500 families to keep them safe from diseases due to unhygienic conditions in the slums. Mosquito nets were provided to 500 children. Non-formal education and income generating activities such as tailoring, embroidery, candle and paper bag making, fast food preparation, garments trainings was imparted to 131 adolescent boys and girls. Sixty-eight children and their parents were given assistance to start small businesses for raising their income and become self- reliant.

Juvenile Delinquents Project (JDP)

The Juvenile Delinquent Project (JDP) runs in partnership with the Bangladesh Retired Police Officers Welfare Association (BRPOWA) and WVB. It is the only project that has been working specifically with children in trouble with the law, have been arrested and charged for committing various crimes. Periodical visits are made by the project staffs to juvenile centers and correctional homes to observe whether proper treatments and care are given to the children. The projects aim is to enhance institutional capacity building of juvenile justice system and to bring complete change in the minds of

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juvenile offenders so that they would act as change agents in the community after their release from the centers. One important aspect is rehabilitation which is more crucial than imprisonment to build-up the life of a broken child and to bring him or her back to the civil society. With proper training and adequate learning skills to the young offenders, the BRPOWA seeks on repairing the lives of juveniles rather than breaking it. JDP has been providing advocacy, medical service to the delinquents, conducting seminars and providing orientation to concerned police officials and administrative staff, and for many years now, the two organizations have been working together to ensure that the provisions of the Childrens Act-1974 and laws relating to the children are observed and implemented in the true spirit of the law of the land by all relevant government functionaries in the country.

University Girls Scholarship Project

This special funded project commenced in 2005 with the aim to support the meritorious poor girl students to continue their higher education at college and university level. Because of financial constraints they are unable to meet the expenses, hence the University Girls Scholarship Project assists the young women to help complete their education and secure a sound and successful future in their lives. Supported by World Vision Germany, the project covers 40 ADPs of WVB, which is divided into six administrative clusters such as Bogra, Mymensingh, Dhaka, Faridpur, Khulna and Chittagong. A total of 250 university students were assisted in 2006. Among them, students are studying general education such as bachelor and masters degrees, as well as technical and professional education like medical and engineering. These women also participate in gatherings and seminars on team building, management, personnel management, teaching methodology, adolescents, family life education, human rights, women rights, etc.

Social Welfare Outreach Project

Social Welfare Outreach Project (SWOP) is a special healthcare project of World Vision Bangladesh that started in 1985. It mostly provides secondary and tertiary health services to the poor and oppressed sponsored, nonsponsored children and their families, and community members who are referred from different ADPs. Major activities of the project are:

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Contacting doctors, clinics, hospitals for facilitating necessary diagnosis, investigations, medical treatment, and follow up for referral patients. Arrange short-term accommodation with appropriate diet and provide other necessary services during their stay at SWOP hostel. Arrange pathological investigations, medicines, and other necessary services for the patients, who are under treatment at different hospitals, clinics. Arrange recreational activities for the patients at the project. Keep ADPs and projects informed of the progress of the patients. Maintain patients documents and medical reports. Conduct special counseling and visit the patients on a regular basis as required during on-going treatment at different hospitals, clinics. Conduct health education sessions for the patients and as well as their attendants who are staying at the hostel. Maintain follow-up treatment.

In fiscal year 2006, the project provided treatment to 1,225 patients suffering from various diseases and health problems including minor and critical ENT, orthopedic and gallbladder operations. The project also helped open-heart surgery of two sponsored children and supported for cleft lip and cleft palate repairing through operations for 16 children.

Laudobe ADP Water Project

Laudobe ADP Water Project, funded by the New Zealand government is a one-year project that started in September 2005 and ended in August 2006. This projected under Dacope, Khulna covered six unions of Dacope subdistrict. The purpose of this project was to ensure safe drinking water to community people. Thirty-five RCC rainwater reservoirs were constructed, and 500 liters capacity 19 water tanks were provided to the seashore community people. Each rainwater reservoir can preserve safe drinking water throughout the year, and has capacity to serve 15 families. Around 3,000 people were directly benefited from this project. This project has brought a tremendous change in this area, especially for the children who used to drink unsafe water and thus suffered from various water borne diseases.

Ashar Alo HIV and AIDS Prevention Project

HIV and AIDS projects are implemented in all the ADPs of World Vision Bangladesh. The Ashar Alo (Light of Hope) HIV and AIDS Prevention Project is one of the special funded projects launched by World Vision Bangladesh that has been working with the aim to halt the spread of HIV and AIDS amongst the target communities of Faridpur, Savar, Gazipur and Bhaluka ADP working areas. - 23 -

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Funded by World Vision Germany, the projects target groups are commercial sex workers (both brothel based and floating sex workers), transport workers, rickshaw pullers, drug addicts, youth and adolescents, and World Visions development group (DG) members. The project started from January 2005 and has been implementing the following interventions: Information dissemination on HIV and AIDS among the target populations through peer education approach; STI treatment, including counseling, once in a week for target groups through syndrome approach; Establish referral linkages with government and private hospitals; Training, meetings, and workshops for different stakeholders for networking; Establishing HOPE center in the brothels and providing services to the commercial sex workers, such as distribution of condoms, STI treatment, peer education, cultural program etc; Youth Information center are established for HIV and AIDS message dissemination; Counselor body one for each ADP to involve local elite in project implementation; Documentary films and video on HIV and AIDS and TV spot are developed for airing through television; Different types of information, education and communication (IEC) materials like flip charts, posters, stickers, booklets, brochures, leaflets, calendar, notebooks, gloves, etc. were produced and distributed; and Research studies conducted.

Community Participation in Designing Process

Community participation in the development process is vital. It is a prerequisite for community ownership of their own development. The meaning of Community participation is that the community people irrespective of men, women, boys and girls actively participate in all spheres and aspects of their development, with particular focus on program planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. In fiscal year 2006, World Vision Bangladesh (WVB) prepared 23 Design Documents in 23 of WVBs total 47 ADPs following LEAP (Learning through Evaluation with Accountability and Planning) guideline among those nine are Provisional Design Documents and 14 Design Documents. They attended - 24 -

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planning plenary workshops, meetings, dialogues, etc. and acted as sources of both primary and secondary data (Qualitative and quantitative). In total 5,521 people participated in the planning plenary workshops held in 23 Area Development Programmes (ADPs) and many others participated in different events alike. The participants analyzed problems with keen views, prioritized issues and its causes. They also discussed about the possible way out. It was proven that children and women could contribute a lot in addressing local development issues if opportunity is created for them. As effects of community participation initiatives, community people were mobilized; relationships were built among their leaders, other stakeholders and institutions, and knowledge had been gained. It also created a scope to identify ongoing and possible problems, the current situation and to understand its context and implications in the community. With these, a dimensional change in perceptions in terms of development issues, planning and strategies was brought about among the staff.

The Agoilijhara Project

World Vision began the Agoilijhara project in 1984. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance.

Current project goals include:

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Helping to cover 90 percent of the cost of school uniforms for sponsored children. Helping renovate several schools and providing classroom furniture. Ensuring that boys and girls receive regular health checkups. Installing latrines to help reduce waterborne diseases by 20 percent throughout the community. Teaching mothers important skills for improving health and hygiene for their families. Distributing vegetable seeds and helping farmers learn new techniques to grow more nutritious foods. Offering leadership-training workshops to strengthen local churches and their outreach ministries.

The Dhaka Shishu Project

World Vision began the Dhaka Shishu Program project in 1984. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance. Current project goals include: Immunizing 5,000 infants against polio. Providing curative, preventive, and promotional health services to children and mothers. Constructing 60 latrines to improve sanitation for 380 families. Enabling more than 3,500 children to attend school by providing tuition, uniforms, and school supplies. - 26 -

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Organizing training workshops for teachers to help improve their skills. Offering tutorial assistance to 350 young children and vocational training to older children. Training families in the management of small-scale businesses. Organizing Christmas celebrations for 3,500 children and their families.

The Mongla Project

World Vision began the Mongla project in 1984. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance. Current project goals include: Ensuring that sponsored boys and girls receive medical care when needed. Teaching families important skills for improving health and hygiene for their children. Reducing the risk of waterborne diseases by making clean drinking water available to more families. Installing much-needed latrines to give the community a healthier environment.

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Training traditional birth attendants to help reduce infant mortality rates. Identifying malnourished children under the age of two and administering special care to help them recover. Showing God's love by meeting the needs of sponsored children and their families.

The Kamalapur Project

World Vision began the Kamalapur project in 1986. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance. Current project goals include: Providing tutorial assistance, tuition and school supplies for children, which will allow their parents to focus on other family needs. Renovating two schools to help create a more conducive atmosphere for learning. Providing health care and health education to children and their families to help reduce infant mortality and boost life expectancy.

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Educating families about the importance of preserving the environment through improved control of various sources of pollution. Offering training in small business development to help families increase their income.

The Mymensing Project

World Vision began the Mymensing project in 2000. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance. Current project goals include: Providing more than 1,000 children with tuition, textbooks, and uniforms so they are able to attend school. Renovating eight schools to give boys and girls improved learning environments. Enhancing the quality of education for sponsored children by offering training workshops for school teachers.

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Establishing adult education workshops to teach parents how to read and write. Ensuring quality health care for 6,000 sponsored children and their families. Supplying farmers with seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides, teaching new techniques that will help them grow more nutritious foods for their children. Installing wells and toilets to reduce the risk of waterborne diseases.

The Phulpur Project

World Vision began the Phulpur project in 1987. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance. Current project goals include: Providing tuition for children, which will allow their parents to focus on other family needs. Renovating school classrooms to help create a more conducive atmosphere for learning. Drilling wells that will provide clean water to help reduce the incidence of water borne diseases.

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Teaching local farmers agricultural techniques that will help increase the yield of food for their children. Providing health care and health education to children and their families to reduce infant mortality and boost life expectancy. Installing community toilets to help improve hygiene and reduce the incidence of diseases. Offering training in small business development to help families increase their income.

The Joypurhat Project

World Vision began the Joypurhat project in 1988. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance. Current project goals include: Providing school-age children with learning materials required for classes. Renovating four schools to give boys and girls improved learning environments. Ensuring that children receive annual health checkups. - 31 -

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Teaching mothers important skills for achieving better nutrition and health for their children. Training community farmers in new agricultural techniques that will help them increase their wheat and potato harvests. Offering vocational workshops that will give parents skills to improve incomes and better provide for their children. Showing God's love by meeting the needs of sponsored children and their families.

The Dhaka Shishu 2 Project

World Vision began the Dhaka Shishu 2 project in 1988. With the support of generous donors like you, we are working with families throughout this community to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen the community and move families toward self-reliance.

Current project goals include: Immunizing infants against polio. Providing curative, preventive, and promotional health services to children and mothers. - 32 -

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Constructing latrines to improve sanitation for families. Enabling more than 3,500 children to attend school by providing tuition, uniforms, and school supplies. Organizing training workshops for teachers to help improve their skills. Offering tutorial assistance to young children and vocational training to older children. Training families in the management of small-scale businesses. Organizing Christmas celebrations for children and their families.

Visitors
Sponsors visit is a vital part of the World Visions service to the people. Visits have the potentials of enriching both parties; and approaches in such a way bring benefits and grows a close relationship between sponsors and people when visiting their sponsored children and the community. A total of 92 foreign visitors comprising sponsors, donors, supporters, volunteers and Support Office staff from Australia, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malawi, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, the UK and the USA traveled to Bangladesh during fiscal year 2006. Visitors observed some aspects of WVs ongoing transformational development activities and it was a significant opportunity to see how their money is being used on the ground for the greater benefit of the community people. It was also a source of great encouragement to the community people as well as project staff. The visitors got the opportunity to learn about the country, people, culture, and needs for development. Visiting Bangladesh, sponsors have made personal acquaintance with their sponsored children and families. Among the visitors there were schoolteachers, officials of education and health departments, businessmen and women, telecommunications consultants, nurses, nutrition experts, IT specialists and other professionals. Their visit to Bangladesh has developed a sense of close relationship with World Vision and multinationals globally. World Vision Bangladesh staff members made their best efforts to make their visit a success giving them a clear and full scenario of World Visions activities and programmes, working strategies and utilization of their funds appropriately. World Vision Bangladesh arranged the child to come to Dhaka for meeting with their sponsors if the sponsor can not meet the child due to any tight schedule. They were explained about ADP activities. Every time they meet, they always encourage the children to study well and listen to their parents. - 33 -

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These sponsors donated a big amount of money towards various educational needs for various projects. Many sponsors sometimes visited the project and celebrated the childs birthday with villagers. Villagers realized how important it was to observe a childs birthday and make the child feel proud of it. It is good to see how World Vision is using his small contribution. One can gain knowledge through reading but realize the whole situation by seeing with ones own eyes. Bangladesh gives the sponsors warm heart because of its lovely people and wonderful hospitality. They feel fortunate to see their sponsored child in her village home. Sometimes they feel like Bangladesh is their second home. They really appreciate that their money is not used in a luxury way. Their help to the child through World Vision is really a good way to invest.

Looking Forward to 2007

In World Vision Bangladesh, fiscal year 2007 is the first year of LEAP (Learning through Evaluation with Accountability and Planning) implementation in which men and women, boys and girls have actively participated in planning, decision making, empowering, and transforming initiatives for the fullness of life. Some new ADPs will be brought under LEAP process; assessment of new ADPs and Transformational Development Indicator (TDI) measurement will be conducted through and with people. The Development Groups (DG) become mature and gradually transform as development Forums. DG members now have wider scope to raise strong voice for peace, justice and reconciliation, advocating for permanent alleviation of poverty. The emergence of women leadership in the male dominating society considers being important in the ADP level. The project model in LEAP compliant ADPs is playing significant roles for ministry enhancement. The Sponsorship Tracking and Enhancement Program (STEP) will bring new meaning and standard in the whole sponsorship operations. Formation of Child Forum in the ADP level is inevitable and greater participation of children in leadership roles have been encouraged. World Vision Bangladesh avails Gift Catalogue projects and is aligned in many ADPs that increase the volume of work and services. Monitoring and Evaluation tools are fully implemented to benchmark the progress of interventions. Series of staff development programs in the ADPs have been undertaken, capacity in the areas of achieving, thinking and self-managing is increased through on-the job and off the-job training, teaching, coaching and mentoring initiatives.

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FY- 07 is also important year to implement Global Partnerships Our Future project to make vision statement real. World Vision Bangladesh is grateful to Global Partnerships support, cares and concern for making things happen having alignment with our Vision.

Current Assumption and Existing Circumstances

Right Initiatives
Maintaining Equal Employee Opportunity
World Vision U.S. is both an equal opportunity employer and a faith-based religious organization. This means that World Vision conduct hiring without regard to race, color, ancestry, national origin, citizenship, age, sex, marital status, parental status, membership in any labor organization, political ideology, or disability of an otherwise qualified individual. The status of World Vision Bangladesh as an equal opportunity employer does not prevent the organization from hiring staff based on their religious beliefs so that all staff shares the same religious commitment. According to sex discrimination and race relations legislation, it is generally unlawful to publish or cause to be published any advert that indicates, or might reasonably be understood to indicate, an intention to discriminate against applicants from a particular racial group or sex. World Vision always takes care with the wording of an advert. Gender neutral language is used. If a job title denotes a specific gender, then it always states that applications will be welcome from either sex. Sex and race are not the only areas of discrimination disability, religion and belief, sexual orientation and marital status are all grounds on which a person may not be discriminated against during the recruitment process. World Vision always maintains the equalities in these cases. They have stringent equal opportunities policies and these are adhered to, not only in the practices undertaken during employment, but in those leading to it.

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Selecting the Right Projects in Bangladeshi Context

World Vision is helping people throughout Bangladesh to face the issues and challenges of their everyday lives, through sponsorship and other communitybased projects World Vision initiated its program in Bangladesh in early seventies in response to tidal surge that occurred in coastal areas and relief operation during the War of Liberation. Following these humanitarian services, the program was expanded throughout the country and different areas of development activities were incorporated. The main activities of World Vision Bangladesh include Gender Equality, Education and Skill Building, HIV and AIDS, Water and Environment, Food Health and Nutrition, Children and Their Rights. Bangladesh is currently listed by the United Nations as one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Bangladesh is well-known for natural disasters. With a total of 230 rivers flowing through the country, cyclones, tornadoes and flooding occur almost every year. But lack of community resources means that the effects of these disasters are felt most by people already struggling to survive. The literacy level stands at only 66 percent, substantially lower for girls and women. Lack of knowledge also makes HIV and AIDS a real threat in Bangladesh. According to 2004 UNAIDS reports, there are 13,000 HIV positive people in Bangladesh. So in the Bangladeshi context World Vision is selecting the right projects.

Very highly efficient Human Resource Department

To ensure a successful company with a good holds on the employees and to maintain a strong corporate culture, the HR department can play a huge role. World Vision has a strong HR department. They appoint appropriate people at the appropriate job. World Vision never ignored the need of human resource management for the workforce in the company. They never hired wrong person for the wrong position. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staffs are placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staffs in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to

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recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary. HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs.

Using a very competent recruiting System

World Vision always follows a very details process in recruiting. They never consider with the quality of their workforce. Their recruiting process starts with needs assessment assessment is usually done at ADP level by the management team headed by ADP Manager. For staff needed at National level assessment is made by the Technical Services or other departments. Zonal Coordinator approves the requirement and places the request to the HR Director. Then fixing of terms and conditions for every position specific qualifications, expertise, and experiences are worked out by subject specific experts and submitted to HR Section. Placement of Advertisement is done by posting in different national dailies and in bdjobs.com to find the suitable candidates for the positions. Then comes collection of Application and CV, Informing potential candidates, Conduction of written test, Conduction of interview, Evaluation and selection, Negotiation with selected candidates, Finalization of staff to be recruited and finally recruitment.

Setting up long-run 22- to25-year projects.

World Vision initiated its program in Bangladesh in early seventies in response to tidal surge that occurred in coastal areas and relief operation during the War of Liberation. Following these humanitarian services, the program was expanded throughout the country and different areas of development activities were incorporated. In FY 2007, World Vision Bangladesh works at 43 upazilas in 26 districts through 53 Area

Development Programs (ADPs)

A key feature of World Visions work is community development. In late nineties, World Vision adopted a new development approach, called the Area development program (ADP) that are long term (10 to 15 years) to better address the needs of the people at a macro level that would bring about - 37 -

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transformation, impact, sustainability and self-reliance in communities and ADP areas where World Vision serves. World Visions child-focused programs work in childrens education and health, water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, HIV-AIDS, disaster preparedness, child rights and participation and micro-enterprise development. All of these projects are very details and 22- to 25-year projects.

Exercising Online Recruitment Policy

A considered and well thought-out approach is needed when creating a recruitment policy, rather than trying to tackle issues on an ad hoc basis (and is less likely to result in a successful tribunal claim). Employers need to identify their needs and objectives to recruit the best person for the job. However, as with most other areas of employment law, the employer is at risk if it gets the process wrong. The usual stages in the recruitment process are advertisement, selection and interview, Offer and appointment. Advertisement of World Vision is widely defined and covers public or private notices whether published in newspapers, on the radio or television, or by distributing circulars or catalogues. But the most important matter is they exercise online recruitment policy also. They offer jobs through various websites like bdjobs.com etc.

Wrong Initiatives
Not Being at the Spotlight Compare to the Other NGOs
Despite what many believe, brand isnt about your logo, tagline and glossy brochure. Instead, a strong brand integrates multiple components, all of them necessary, including customer interactions, employee communications, corporate philosophy and advertising/marketing efforts. A companys brand extends to its employees, customers, the media and even the general public as the above story illustrates. If these components dont consistently reinforce the brand, customers will become dissatisfied. The negative impact of their perception, should they voice their opinions to other potential customers or even the media, could have a ripple effect on the business. This can erode the brand equity and - 38 -

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create misperceptions about your company in the market, which in turn could lead prospective customers, employees and investors to pass on your organization. On the other hand, brand consistency throughout all levels of the organization helps drive an organization to grow and prosper. Strong brands can drive an increase in sales. The company is better suited to attract and retain the best employees. Vendors can see value in your brand and look to establish partnerships with your business, while investors will see the business and your brand equity as a valuable commodity. World Vision began assisting the people of Bangladesh in 1970 following a flood and cyclone, necessitating relief to the people of the coastal region. More than $200,000 in emergency relief supplies was provided. In addition, roads were rebuilt; wells dug, and 63 schools, colleges, and health clinics were reconstructed. World Vision is the largest NGO in Bangladesh of its kind. But still they do not highlight themselves compare to the other NGOs. So in spite of being the largest, their brand awareness among the people of Bangladesh is very low, which can be harmful for them in the long run.

Yet to Cover All Parts of Bangladesh

World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. World Vision is present where human needs are greatest and where hearts can be moved to help the poor. Each year we build on our effective work from the past, with the vision of helping every child experience life in all its fullness. In nearly 100 countries around the globe, World Vision joins with local people to find lasting ways to improve the lives of children and families in poverty. Bangladesh is one of these countries. This country has a high potential for World Vision as majority of the people live under the poverty line. World Vision began assisting the people of Bangladesh in 1970 following a flood and cyclone, necessitating relief to the people of the coastal region. More than $200,000 in emergency relief supplies was provided. In addition, roads were rebuilt; wells dug, and 63 schools, colleges, and health clinics were reconstructed. But unfortunately yet the organization can not provide their service all over Bangladesh such as Sylhet.

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Having Muslim Minority in the Workforce

World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. World Vision always prefer Christian employee in their workforce especially in the upper level management. Most of the top directors are of Christian religion. This results in a Muslim minority in the workforce. Now, Bangladesh is Muslim Major Country. So in this country following this kind of preference in the workforce always put a negative impact on the mind of the minor Muslim employees.

Not Having a Loyal Workforce, Especially Muslims

A good workforce is a very important factor for any kind of company: small or large. A very skilled workforce can lift up a company from a small position to a multinational organization. There is lots of example of these kinds. World Vision is the largest NGO in Bangladesh of its kind. And it was being possible because not only their skilled workforce but also their workforce. Most of the employees of World Vision were very loyal and reluctant to join its new projects. World Vision always wanted to recruit highly dedicated labor force and all of their expert employees helped them to get reform in the worldwide market as the core jobs of World Vision needs very efficient workers. Both loyal employees and effective system are essential to produce satisfactory result in each project. Skilled employees helped them to achieve the expected target. But the main problem was that not all employees are loyal to their organization. This tendency was more likely in the Muslim employees. It was because the organization preferred Christian employees more. So generally the Muslims employees feel themselves as minor and hence they can not show their loyalty to the organization.

Not Sufficient Training Facilities to the Employees

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Training boosts an employees self-efficacy. Capable employees dont remain knowledgeable evermore. Skills depreciate and can turn into archaic and new skills need to be erudite. To do so organizations use up billions of dollars each year on recognized training. Training can include the whole thing from instruction to teaching employees necessary interpretation skills to conducting sophisticated courses in supervisory leadership.

World Visions training practice was insufficient for their employees. They should compensate concentration to train their employees for expectations. Employees skills may turn down and can become outmoded. New skills need to be learned for better performance. Improving the skills of World Visions employees is necessary to successfully complete the job.

Internal Recruitment Not Applied

World Vision does not apply the internal recruitment policy in case of staffing. The purpose of the internal position opportunities posting system is to assure consideration is given to qualified and interested employees who are able to meet basic performance standards of the open position. This refers to the filling of job vacancies from within the business - where existing employees are selected rather than employing someone from outside. A business might decide that it already has the right people with the right skills to do the job, particularly if its training and development program has been effective. Internal recruitment gives existing employees greater opportunity to advance their careers in the business. It may help to retain staff who might otherwise leave and it also requires a short induction training period. By using this method employer can know more about the internal candidate's abilities (= a reduced risk of selecting an inappropriate candidate). And it is usually quicker and less expensive than recruiting from outside.

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Identification of the Controllable and Uncontrollable Factors

There are some environmental forces that are affecting business decisions for any organization. Of those farces some are in control of the organization. Some factors are uncontrollable by the organization but still those factors affect the organizations economic conditions, strategic decision and polices. In this section we have tried to identify those controllable and uncontrollable factors. We have included the international environmental forces that do or may affect the organization.

Controllable Factors

Organization

Uncontrollable Factors
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Human Resources Management of World Vision

Human resource is an increasingly prominent field that is taking shape throughout industries and workplaces world wide. Recognizing the fact that people are a company's greatest asset, business leaders across the globe are coming to rely more and more upon an effective management policy that applies specifically to the area of human resources. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staffs are placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staffs in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary.

External Influence and Constrains

Jobs HRM Activities People Organizational Outcomes

Internal Influence and Constrains

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Model of HRM: showing how HRM affects organizational out comes

Leadership of World Vision

Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members. Organizationally, leadership directly impacts the effectiveness of costs, revenue generation, service, satisfaction, earnings, market value, share price, social capital, motivation, engagement, and sustainability. Leadership occurs any time one attempts to influence the behavior of an individual or group, regardless of the reason. A leader has the role of causing others to follow a path he/she has laid out or a vision he/she has articulated in order to achieve a task.Management or boeard of directors recrit leaders addording to the leadership need. As president and chief executive officer of World Vision International, Dean R. Hirsch heads a global partnership committed to serving the human needs of the worlds poor. Last year, World Vision assisted some 100 million people in 97 countries. Hirsch has focused World Visions relief, development and advocacy work on children. World Visions private donors sponsor some three million children, providing nearly half the Christian agencys annual budget of over (US) $2 billion. Vincent Edwards is executive director of World Vision Bangladesh. Under his compelling guidance World Vision Bangladesh has accomplished its goals in past and now leading towards the future. Because of his wise leadership now World Vision Bangladesh works at 43 upazilas in 26 districts through 53 Area Development Programs (ADPs).In World Vision Bangladesh, fiscal year 2007 is the first year of LEAP (Learning through Evaluation with Accountability and Planning) implementation in which men and women, boys and girls have - 44 -

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actively participated in planning, decision making, empowering, and transforming initiatives for the fullness of life.

Activities of World Vision

Through sponsorship and other community-based projects, World Vision is helping people throughout Bangladesh to face the issues and challenges of their everyday lives. World Vision initiated its program in Bangladesh in early seventies in response to tidal surge that occurred in coastal areas and relief operation during the War of Liberation. Following these humanitarian services, the program was expanded throughout the country and different areas of development activities were incorporated. The main activities of World Vision Bangladesh includes

Children and Their Rights

Food Health and Nutrition

Activities of World Vision Bangladesh

Water and Environment

HIV and AIDS

Education and Skill Building

Gender Equality

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Children and Their Rights Landlessness and lack of opportunity, family violence and community isolation, all force children in Bangladesh into situations where their basic rights are put at risk. For World Vision Bangladesh, protecting children is the most important part of their work. They build awareness, train and advice on child rights laws, and network with other non-government organizations, donors and decision-makers to reach the children at most at risk in our communities. Food, Health and Nutrition Poverty places people in a situation where they cannot afford a variety of nutritional foods, but just as importantly, the knowledge of what constitutes good nutrition is lacking, especially in women who have never received an education. World Vision Bangladesh implements and advises on agricultural programs in 14 ADPs, ranging from crop production and livestock raising, to pond fish farming and household fruit trees. The broad aim of the program is to reduce malnutrition particularly among the most vulnerable groups, which include children under five and pregnant and lactating women. Water and Environment As well as providing clean drinking water, World Vision has worked to raise awareness among both children and adults in the community, conducting training and seminars on how to get and use clean water, and the importance of sanitary practices like using a toilet and washing hands with soap. World Vision is vigilant in testing both new and existing water supplies for traces of arsenic. In areas where the water is affected, arsenic filters have been - 46 -

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installed and people given advice on how to protect themselves from the dangers of arsenic poisoning.

HIV and AIDS With HIV and AIDS one of the most significant threats to development in the world today, prevention is a priority for World Vision Bangladesh. In 43 ADPs, World Vision has integrated HIV and AIDS projects with other core development programs. We also work closely with government and nongovernment organizations to prevent HIV and AIDS transmission into the general population. As an active member of the National STI/AIDS network of Bangladesh, World Vision Bangladesh has participated in every activity of the national STI/AIDS program and Media campaigns. Education and Skill Building World Vision Bangladesh considers education for all a priority of their development work. With better education comes better opportunity, less child labor and exploitation, a better gender balance and a more self-supportive community. All ADPs have taken initiatives to ensure attendance at school at a primary level, plus encouragement for quality education at secondary and higher secondary level. Drop-out rates have decreased, thanks to education assistance with supplies, fees, books, scholarships and teacher training. ADPs have been conducting pre-school sessions for children age ranging from 4 to 6 years old. Gender Equality World Vision recognizes that the status of women and girls in Bangladesh needs to improve in order to deliver successful development programs. As well as having often untapped potential for success, women take on community and family responsibilities that can only be enhanced by better knowledge, education and empowerment. World Vision pays special attention

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to promoting the status of women and girl children through various activities and programs. More than 80 percent of the unpaid World Vision Community Development Groups are females.

Resource Allocation of World Vision

How an organization wants to allocate its resources is completely depends on the organization. That is why it is a controllable factor for an organization. World vision Bangladesh finance its operations from the money received from the donor and sponsor. World Vision allocates the financial and other resources according to the need of a program or project. Allocation of resources occurs according to the programs and projectsAs it is a Non Profit Organization World Vision Bangladesh does spend to generate profit. It spends to benefit maximum number of needy and helpless people.

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Human Resource Plan of World Vision

Human resource plan is the development of strategies for matching the size and skills of the workforce to organizational needs. Human resource planning assists organizations to recruit, retain, and optimize the deployment of the personnel needed to meet business objectives and to respond to changes in the external environment. The process involves carrying out a skills analysis of the existing workforce, carrying out manpower forecasting, and taking action to ensure that supply meets demand. Human resource plan helps managers decide what strategies will have to be developed to help maintain a supply of skilled workers who will best contribute to meet the future needs of the organization. It helps managers take a more strategic and medium term approach to people management rather than merely focusing on day to day operational activities which do not exclusively determine their future needs.

Employees in World Vision

Employee is a very vital controllable factor for a company. World Vision, the organization does not practice Equal Employment Opportunity. For recruiting they look for committed Christian eager to make a tangible difference for children in need. In Bangladesh, the religions other than Christian are minor in World Vision Bangladesh. Christian candidates get priority over the candidates of other religions during recruitment. Follower of other religions feels like they are minority in this organization. But World vision Bangladesh do not discriminates based on gender. More over the encourage females to take part in the organization more. To give females equal chance World Vision Bangladesh always mentions that in the

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recruitment advertisement of them. Employee is the controllable factor for World vision Bangladesh. Though World Vision Bangladesh has a very structured HR department it does not have any EEO.

Uncontrollable Factors
Donor of World Vision
World Vision in Bangladesh is funded through the generosity of individual child sponsors, groups and governments working through our donor country offices, including World Vision US, Hong Kong, Australia, Switzerland, Canada, United Kingdom, South Korea and New Zealand. World Vision is accountable to private and government donors, to public agencies charged with legal oversight. to World Visions offices in donor countries and other organizations, and to those whom we serve. Internal and external audits and evaluations are conducted regularly to ensure efficient and effective use of resources. World Vision raises private and public funds. Contributions come from child sponsors, private donors, businesses and foundations and from government grants. Gifts-in-kind such as food, commodities, clothing and medicines are also donated by corporations or

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government agencies.

Money is raised across the globe, with countries and donors in the AsiaPacific region playing a key raising role. In the Asia-Pacific region there are tens of thousands of child sponsors. They come from countries that include Australia, Hong Kong, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. Globally in FY 2005 World Vision raised income of US$1.97 billion, of which US$375 million was for the Asian tsunami.

Religious Factors of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. About 80 percent of Bangladeshis are Muslims. Most Bangladeshi Muslims are Sunnis, but there is a small Shia community. Hinduism constitutes about 12 percent of the population. Hindus in Bangladesh in the 1990s were almost evenly distributed in all regions, with concentrations in Khulna, Jessore, Dinajpur, Faridpur, and Barisal. There are significant numbers of Buddhists and Christians in Bangladesh. In the Chittagong Hills, Buddhist tribes formed the majority of the population and their religion appeared to be a mixture of tribal cults and Buddhist doctrines. According to the 1981 census, there were approximately 600,000 Buddhists in Bangladesh, representing less than 1 percent of the population. In the 1990s, Christianity had about 600,000 adherents, mainly Roman Catholic, and their numbers were growing rapidly. World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. So the religious diversity of Bangladesh has a great impact on World Vision Bangladesh as this organization is motivated by their Christianity faith.

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Labor Market Condition of Bangladesh

Labor market condition is also an external factor. The labor market condition is determined by the supply and demand of the labor market. A countrys labor market situation depends on a lot of things. Most of the things are uncontrollable from an organizational perspective. As software out-sourcing company AKKA International has no control over the tendency of the present labor market. The availability cost of labor, quality of work, capability and capacity all differs due to several factors in the country. India was the worlds leader in high quality, low cost software and business outsourcing. It had a highly trained and English speaking work force, deep understanding for software quality, its development methodologies and experience with distinct relationship management.

Education in Bangladesh
Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. Bangladeshs economic growth depends a lot on the education standard that is maintained throughout the country. Education plays a significant role in the demogrphic, political and social arenas of these development. The educational infrastructure of Bangladesh is very weak.Education is important for not only children but also adults. In Bangladesh, the adult literacy rate is low due to poverty, ignorance, and lack of opportunity. The literacy rate of women is lower than that of men, creating a division of knowledge that prevents women from taking part in important community decisions. World Vision Bangladesh has focused on the most vulnerable and - 52 -

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marginalized people to provide them with literacy knowledge. Adult literacy programmes enabled learners to read, write and add up, with a special focus on women. It considers education for all a priority of their development work. With better education comes better opportunity, less child labour and exploitation, a better gender balance and a more self-supportive community.All ADPs have taken initiatives to ensure attendance at school at a primary level, plus encouragement for quality education at secondary and higher secondary level. Dropout rates have decreased, thanks to education assistance with supplies, fees, books, scholarships and teacher training.

Diversified Culture of Bangladesh

Cultural environment has significant impact on organizations as well as the employees. Cultural environment includes the customs, norms, values and beliefs, language, attitudes, religious beliefs etc. When any company starts its operations in another company in other country this cultural environment plays a great role in that process of expansion of organization globally. The culture of Bangladesh has been shaped by the long history of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs. Different people from different states have different food habit,religion, custom, culture, clothing ets. On the other hand managing a workforce with such diverse culture is great challenge for any multinational organization. As the most of the top level employees are expatriates in World Vision Bangladesh it is quite hard for them to cope up with the cultural difference. Because of the cultural difference in different area development programmes, projects and capaign needs to be different. Top management nay overloo these differences. Tha language is another problem as World Vision Bangladesh works mostly with the rural people the have to cope up with the local culture. Language is very crucial problem in World Vision Bangladesh. Though English is the way of communication in the office, Bangla is very much popular among the fieldworkers. Most of the top level executives do not know

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Bangls. More over different area has differenty dialect which creates problem for World Vision Bangladesh.

Economic Condition of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, inefficient state-owned enterprises, inadequate port facilities, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources (natural gas), insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. This is an uncontrollable factor for World vision Bangladesh. Reform is stalled in many instances by political infighting and corruption at all levels of government. Progress also has been blocked by opposition from the bureaucracy, public sector unions, and other vested interest groups. The government has the parliamentary strength to push through needed reforms, but the political party's will to do so have been lacking in key areas. On an encouraging note, growth has been a steady 5-6% for the past several years.

Political Condition of Bangladesh

Between the government party who has the power in hand and the oppositions disagreement in various issues are very common. In India there are so many states that have so many political parties that cause various political standpoints. It is quite obvious that the political situation will always be on the heat. Even if one settlement is done between parties at the same point of time other parties starts a new issue. The two major parties in Bangladesh are the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and Bangladesh Awami League. BNP finds its allies among Islamist parties like Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh while Awami League aligns itself traditionally with leftist and secularist parties. The Awami League-BNP rivalry has been bitter and punctuated by protests, violence and murder. Political parties try to control the movement of NGOs like World Vision Bangladesh.

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Variables affecting IHRM approaches:

Approach to staffing
Polycentric approach to staffing
A staffing policy in an MNE in which host-country nationals are recruited to manage subsidiaries in their own country, while parent country nationals occupy key positions at corporate headquarters. A polycentric staffing model where, based upon the belief that HCNs know the local market best, the use of HCNs is high. Polycentric staffing approaches in which parent country headquarters are primarily staffed with parent country nationals and host country subsidiaries are primarily staffed with host country nationals. In MNCs with such staffing policies, cross-national interactions are relatively rare. Using a similar logic to that used in explaining the effects of foreign investment, MNC staffing policies that bring together individuals with different cultural orientations, and thus different behavioral norms, should result in an increase in inappropriateness assessments. World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. World vision is using a polycentric approach to staffing.

Firm specific issues:

Internationalization through applicable policies
World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. Founded in 1950 World Vision is an international Christian humanitarian relief and development organization serving children, their families, and communities in conditions of poverty in more than 100 countries through various development programs. World Vision, along with other NGO partners, received one of the largest emergency relief grants in history to provide food and related assistance to tens of millions of Africans affected by the decades worst famine in Southern Africa. World Vision has continued to be a voice for the poor by helping to stop the flow of conflict diamonds fueling civil wars in Africa, deterring sex - 55 -

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tourists who prey on innocent children abroad and calling for an end to the use of child soldiers in northern Uganda. World Vision child sponsorship also provides immunizations and helps the community combat waterborne diseases by teaching improved sanitation practices to residents and providing latrines. World Vision is present where human needs are greatest and where hearts can be moved to help the poor. Each year we build on our effective work from the past, with the vision of helping every child experience life in all its fullness. In nearly 100 countries around the globe, World Vision joins with local people to find lasting ways to improve the lives of children and families in poverty.

Decentralized Organizations strategy

Organizations strategy how job tasks are formally divided grouped and coordinated. Centralization refers to the degree to which decision-making is concentrated at a single point in the organization. It can facilitate coordination and ensure that decisions are consistent with organizational objectives. Organizations decisions are the main concern of every company. Who is going to decide all the important decisions to run the organization properly is very significant to achieve success. The person who is doing all the sufficient steps like planning, organizing, leading has to have enough knowledge and clear concept regarding the organization. Centralized decision making process can facilitate the activities that are conducted by various subunits within the organization. It refers to the degree to which decision-making is concentrated at a single point in the organization. It can facilitate coordination and ensure that decisions are consistent with organizational objectives. World vision is using decentralized organizational strategy. Their organizational structure is decentralized in US but it is centralized in Bangladesh.

Working as a Non Government Organization

World vision is working internationally as an NGO. World Vision, along with other NGO partners, received one of the largest emergency relief grants in history to provide food and related assistance to tens of millions of Africans affected by the decades worst famine in Southern Africa. World Vision is partnering with families throughout Bangladesh to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Many activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen communities and move families toward self-reliance. World Vision sponsor helps provide your child with love, hope, and opportunities for a healthy, productive future. They have so many projects in Bangladesh. World Vision began the Dhaka Shishu Program project, the Mongla project, the Kamalapur project, the Phulpur project etc. World Vision - 56 -

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sponsor helps provide child with love, hope, and opportunities for a healthy, productive future.

Providing service in Bangladesh

World Vision began assisting the people of Bangladesh in 1970 following a flood and cyclone, necessitating relief to the people of the coastal region. In 1971, civil war caused refugees to flee to India. After the war, people returning to the new country of Bangladesh were faced with issues of malnutrition and disease. World Vision aided with emergency relief measures. A severe flood hit three districts in 1995, and World Vision responded through provision of cash for food and other items for 6,004 families. In addition, agricultural loans were made accessible to 1,450 marginal farmers. With the support of generous donors, World Vision is partnering with families throughout Bangladesh to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Currently World Vision is involved in the following projects in Bangladesh: Children and their rights Food, health and nutrition Water and environment HIV and AIDS Education and skills building Gender equality

Various activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen communities and move families toward self-reliance. Organizing training workshops for teachers to help improve their skills, offering tutorial assistance to 350 young children and vocational training to older children are some.

Highly Service Oriented Strategies

World Vision is an international Christian humanitarian relief and development organization serving children, their families, and communities in conditions of poverty in more than 100 countries through various development programs. Their main vision is to serve the poor and helpless. They mainly focused on child and females. Our vision for every child life in all its fullness. Our prayer for every heart, the will to make it so. Re-confirms World Visions Mission Statement, Core Values, and Covenant of partnership as a fundamental declaration of who we are and what we do and provide strengthened direction for the future.

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They also contributed in Reducing the risk of waterborne diseases by making clean drinking water available to more families, installing much-needed latrines to give the community a healthier environment, training traditional birth attendants to help reduce infant mortality rates, identifying malnourished children under the age of two and administering special care to help them recover.

Culture and Environment

World Vision is a community of Christians who are committed to serve the poor in the name of Christ. The staff at our U.S. headquarters represents more than 85 different Christian denominations. Their common purpose and love for Jesus Christ creates a friendly, supportive environment. They have a much diversified culture and environment as their employees are recruited from different countries. Organizational culture is a system of shared meanings held by members that differentiate the organization from other organizations. But in recent years cultural compatibility has become the primary concern. Whether the employees are satisfied and work at their level best seems to have more to do with how well the organizations culture matches up. World vision has decentralized organizational culture. Their organizational culture is decentralized in US but it is centralized in Bangladesh.

Situation variables
Located assignment is based on applicable project
World vision has covered several locations in Bangladesh according to the assignment they had to fulfill. They worked in Dhaka, Mymensing, Bogra, Mongla, Faridpur, khulna, Chittagong etc. They have hundreds of branches all over the world serving people. Through sponsorship and other communitybased projects, World Vision is helping people throughout Bangladesh to face the issues and challenges of their everyday lives. World Vision Bangladesh (WVB) besides operating through its Area Development Programmes (ADPs) interventions based on needs of the community, the CEDC project through some ADPs is working at different places in Dhaka, Khulna, Gazipur, Bogra, and Faridpur districts. The CEDC provides counseling to traumatize children who may have suffered mental anxieties by living on the streets, being tortured by unkind and ruthless people who take advantage of them. Bangladesh Street Children Project (BSCP) started in 1999 in four areas of Dhaka City Corporation. The Juvenile Delinquent Project (JDP) runs in partnership with the Bangladesh Retired Police Officers Welfare Association (BRPOWA) and WVB. The University Girls Scholarship Project assists the

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young women to help complete their education and secure a sound and successful future in their lives. Social Welfare Outreach Project (SWOP) is a special healthcare project of World Vision Bangladesh that started in 1985. It mostly provides secondary and tertiary health services to the poor and oppressed sponsored, non-sponsored children and their families, and community members who are referred from different ADPs.

Staffing complexity
World vision has a different recruitment Process. They have followed certain steps in the recruitment process: Needs assessment Assessment is usually done at ADP level by the management team headed by ADP Manager. For staff needed at National level assessment is made by the Technical Services or other departments. Zonal Coordinator approves the requirement and places the request to the HR Director. Fixing of terms and conditions For every position specific qualifications, expertise, experiences are worked out by subject specific experts and submitted to HR Section. Placement of Advertisement Advertisement is posted in different national dailies and in bdjobs.com to find the suitable candidates for the position, negotiation with selected candidates, finalization of staff to be recruited and recruitment. They have faced certain problems like suitable and qualified staff not always found, many are unwilling to join at upazilla level, quitting of job after a short time, re-advertisement sometimes causes loss of time, simultaneous advertisement for many positions is often problematic, recruitment procedure takes longer time than expected, project initiation sometimes gets delayed., difficult to get physicians for health programs of ADPs.

Contextual issues:
Legal system of Bangladesh
World vision had to follow the legal system of Bangladesh while they are working here. World Vision initiated its program in Bangladesh in early seventies in response to tidal surge that occurred in coastal areas and relief operation during the War of Liberation. Following these humanitarian services, the programme was expanded throughout the country and different areas of development activities were incorporated. In al their programs they had to maintain the standard rule according to the country.

Cultural diversification
Culture is a particular stage in civilization associated with certain tastes in art and manners, and also all the knowledge and values, shared and favored by a society or a social group. Reducing cultural differences, giving the customers proper feedback and fulfilling their demands could be the most

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effective variable that can affect IHRM approaches. Absence any of those issues can be less productive and affect the organization rate profit. World Vision is a community of Christians with a common purpose and love for Jesus Christ creates a friendly, supportive environment. They have a much diversified culture and environment as their employees are recruited from different countries.

IHRM Issues

Operating as a service oriented organization

World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. World Vision is present where human needs are greatest and where hearts can be moved to help the poor. Each year we build on our effective work from the past, with the vision of helping every child experience life in all its fullness. World Vision began assisting the people of Bangladesh in 1970 following a flood and cyclone, necessitating relief to the people of the coastal region. In 1971, civil war caused refugees to flee to India. After the war, people returning to the new country of Bangladesh were faced with issues of malnutrition and disease. World Vision aided with emergency relief measures. A severe flood hit three districts in 1995, and World Vision responded through provision of cash for food and other items for 6,004 families. In addition, agricultural loans were made accessible to 1,450 marginal farmers. With the support of generous donors, World Vision is partnering with families throughout Bangladesh to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Currently World Vision is involved in the following projects in Bangladesh: children and their rights, food, health and nutrition, water and environment, HIV and AIDS, education and skills building, gender equality

Highly organized HR department

To ensure a successful company with a good holds on the employees and to maintain a strong corporate culture, the HR department can play a huge role. World Vision has a strong HR department. They appoint appropriate people at the appropriate job. World Vision never ignored the need of human resource management for the workforce in the company. They never hired wrong person for the wrong position. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staff are placed. At ADP or field level there is 827 staff in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. - 60 -

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The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary. HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR Specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs.

No training facility provided

Training employees is very important in every organization. Training program can affect on work and production in many ways. The most obvious is by directly improving the skills necessary for the employee to successfully complete the job. An increase in ability improves the employees potential at a higher level. Training also increases an employees self-efficacy. Competent employees dont remain competent forever. Skills deteriorate and can become obsolete and mew skills need to be learned. Thats why organizations spend billions of dollars each year on formal training. Training can include everything from teaching employees basic reading skills to conducting advanced courses in executive leadership. Training boosts an employees self-efficacy. Capable employees dont remain knowledgeable evermore. Skills depreciate and can turn into archaic and new skills need to be erudite. To do so organizations use up billions of dollars each year on recognized training. Training can include the whole thing from instruction to teaching employees necessary interpretation skills to conducting sophisticated courses in supervisory leadership. World Visions training practice was insufficient for their employees. They should compensate concentration to train their employees for expectations. Employees skills may turn down and can become outmoded. New skills need to be learned for better performance. Improving the skills of World Visions employees is necessary to successfully complete the job. .

Consideration towards cultural differences

In every company significant difference in socio-cultural environment is a vital issue of IHRM. If companies have no dominant culture and were composed only of numerous subcultures, the value of organizational culture as an independent variable would be significantly lessened because there would be - 61 -

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no uniform interpretation of what represented appropriate and inappropriate response. It is the shared meaning aspect of culture that makes it such a potent device for guiding the employees. A strong organizational culture may result a lower employee turnover. Significant differences in socio-cultural environment are the most important variable which can affect the IHRM approach.

Equal employee opportunity

World Vision U.S. is both an equal opportunity employer and a faith-based religious organization. This means that we conduct hiring without regard to race, color, ancestry, national origin, citizenship, age, sex, marital status, parental status, membership in any labor organization, political ideology, or disability of an otherwise qualified individual. The status of World Vision U.S. as an equal opportunity employer does not prevent the organization from hiring staff based on their religious beliefs so that all staff share the same religious commitment World vision hire people who are committed Christian eager to put their faith into action every day life to make a tangible difference for children in need. They recognize the importance of working together with diverse partners-including individuals, churches, corporations, and governments--to help build a better world in which all people are free from oppression, where peace and justice flourish, and where the most vulnerable live in confidence. They are experienced, results-oriented professional excited at the prospect of using the unique gifts and talents. God has given them to help children and families in need. World Vision U.S. hires only those who agree and accept to its Statement of Faith and/or the Apostles' Creed.

Insufficient loyalty in Muslim workforce

A good workforce is a very important factor for any kind of company: small or large. A very skilled workforce can lift up a company from a small position to a multinational organization. There is lots of example of these kinds. World Vision is the largest NGO in Bangladesh of its kind. And it was being possible because not only their skilled workforce but also their workforce. Most of the employees of World Vision were very loyal and reluctant to join its new projects. World Vision always wanted to recruit highly dedicated labor force and all of their expert employees helped them to get reform in the worldwide market as the core jobs of World Vision needs very efficient workers. Both loyal employees and effective system are essential to produce - 62 -

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satisfactory result in each project. Skilled employees helped them to achieve the expected target. But the main problem was that not all employees are loyal to their organization. This tendency was more likely in the Muslim employees. It was because the organization preferred Christian employees more. So generally the Muslims employees feel themselves as minor and hence they can not show their loyalty to the organization.

Muslim minority exists in the workforce

World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. World Vision always prefer Christian employee in their workforce especially in the upper level management. Most of the top directors are of Christian religion. This results in a Muslim minority in the workforce. Now, Bangladesh is Muslim Major Country. So in this country following this kind of preference in the workforce always put a negative impact on the mind of the minor Muslim employees.

Using an effective recruiting process

World vision has a different recruitment Process. They have followed certain steps in the recruitment process: Needs assessment Assessment is usually done at ADP level by the management team headed by ADP Manager. For staff needed at National level assessment is made by the Technical Services or other departments. Zonal Coordinator approves the requirement and places the request to the HR Director. Fixing of terms and conditions For every position specific qualifications, expertise, experiences are worked out by subject specific experts and submitted to HR Section. Placement of Advertisement Advertisement is posted in different national dailies and in bdjobs.com to find the suitable candidates for the position, negotiation with selected candidates, finalization of staff to be recruited and recruitment World Vision does not apply the internal recruitment policy in case of staffing and faced some problems. suitable and qualified staff not always found, many are unwilling to join at upazilla level, quitting of job after a short time, readvertisement sometimes causes loss of time, simultaneous advertisement for many positions is often problematic, recruitment procedure takes longer time than expected, project initiation sometimes gets delayed., difficult to get physicians for health programs of ADPs

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The purpose of the internal position opportunities posting system is to assure consideration is given to qualified and interested employees who are able to meet basic performance standards of the open position.This refers to the filling of job vacancies from within the business - where existing employees are selected rather than employing someone from outside. A business might decide that it already has the right people with the right skills to do the job, particularly if its training and development program has been effective.

Concern about employee benefits

World vision is concern about their employee benefit. They arte giving Health benefits like medical Care, for full-time and part-time employees, World Vision provides medical, dental, and vision coverage for employees and their dependents at a shared cost. World Vision has a flexible spending account that allows employees to set aside a portion of their payroll on a pre-tax basis for reimbursement of uncovered health plan expenses or dependent childcare. Other is dental care; the dental plan provided by World Vision allows access to any licensed dental care provider. World vision also providing wellness Benefits like: Wellness Program Monthly Wellness newsletter sent to the employee's home On-site Weight watchers program Stress breaks Annual Health and Safety Fair Employee Assistance Program for the employee and their dependents It also giving employees spiritual Benefits and additional valued benefits like life Insurance, world Visions life insurance program provides a four-fold plan to meet the various needs of each individual full-time employee: basic life insurance at no cost to the employee, business travel insurance to those traveling on World Vision business, optional add-on life insurance, and optional dependent life insurance. Vacation, sick leave, and holidays, full-time and part-time employees are eligible for vacation, sick leave, and paid holidays based on position and years of service, in accordance with the organizations policy. Retirement Benefits, world vision offers a cash balance and 403b retirement program to all full-time employees. World Vision is also able to offer a number of other unique benefits to its employees, such as tuition reimbursement and ride sharing. Special arrangements with local area companies and institutions offer such benefits as a special banking program through Bank of America and insurance discounts through Liberty Mutual Group.

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Recommendation and Implementation:

Recommendation means the opinion about what could or should be done about a situation or problem. In the multinational organizational analysis we have recommended the possible solutions of the issues we have found out. In the recommendation part first we have mentioned the problem. The next thing that we have done is to recommend or suggested the possible solutions. Then we have given the justification that means sufficient or acceptable explanation behind our suggestion about the problems we have found out. In the implementation part we have try to show the implementation of the recommendation that we have given according to the situation of World Vision Bangladesh. The ways and means of this part is given thoroughly so that World Vision Bangladesh can carry the plan forward for the success in the future. By whom the recommended part will be done, the accurate procedure of implementing it, the place and the time of the total process is described. While describing the implementation we have tried to give the answers of the following questions What is the problem in hand? What is the recommendation? Why the recommendation is justified? Who will do it (recommendation)? How will do it (recommendation)? When will do it? Where will do it?

Recommendation And Implementation

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Properly Structured and Fixed Human Resource Plan and Human Resource Policies Should Be Created
Problem:
World Vision Bangladesh doesnt have a human resource plan, which will ensure the different human resource policies.

Recommendation:
We recommend that World Vision Bangladesh should have a properly structured and updated human resource department. World Vision Bangladesh doesnt have a strong Human Resource Department. This is a big draw back for their prosperity. To make their current projects and vision successful in Bangladesh is a must for an organization like World Vision Bangladesh to have a very well structured Human Resource Management Department.

Justification:
To ensure a successful organization with a good hold on the employees and to maintain a strong corporate culture, the hr department can play a huge role. So World Vision Bangladesh should have strong HR policies regarding the workforce. They should appoint appropriate people at the appropriate job. HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs. World Vision Bangladesh completely ignores the need of human resource management for the workforce working all over Bangladesh. World Vision always prefer Christian employee in their workforce especially in the upper level management. Most of the top directors are of Christian religion. This results in a Muslim minority in the workforce. Now, Bangladesh is Muslim Major Country. So in this country following this kind of preference in the workforce always put a negative impact on the mind of the minor Muslim employees.

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They should have a distinct manager for each regional department of the HR department; they should have an effective performance appraisal procedure. They should have an effective grievance policy. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staff is placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staffs in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary.

Who will do it?

The top management who are known as decision maker should take this step. The expert people who understand the possibilities and limitations of the World Vision Bangladesh should have significant involvement in the introduction of new technology. The program director, the different department heads, the regional project managers should take the initiatives regarding HR requirements.

How will do it?

An effective HR department will bring out the best from the employees of the companies and motivate them to do good for the company. So the HR manager must have the ability to do al these important jobs. But World Vision Bangladesh hired an employee from the financial department to work as a compensation manager. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staff is placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staff in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary. That is good for the company as he may not be able to design compensation package for whole company because he has no knowledge regarding this. So the company has to hire the right people for the right job especially in the HR department that is very vital for the NGO.

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When will do it?

To have a strong grip over the HR department World Vision Bangladesh can develop an effective compensation and executive development committee. The Compensation and Executive Development Committee will consist of at least three directors each of whom and its chairperson shall meet the independence requirements of each project. HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs. In performing its duties, the Committee shall assure that: the executive director and Senior Officers of World Vision Bangladesh are compensated effectively and consistently with the stated compensation strategy of the company and that their compensation is tied to the performance of the company; the profit sharing plans for employees of World Vision Bangladesh are consistent with the company's performance and its compensation philosophy; and management development and succession plans and policies are in place. Powers and Authority of the committee shall have such powers and authority as may be necessary or convenient for the purpose of carrying out its responsibilities, including among others: the authority to delegate responsibility for specific functions to subcommittees of the committee; and the sole authority to retain and terminate a consulting firm to assist in the evaluation of senior officer compensation, including sole authority to approve the search firm's fees and other retention terms. The committee will make regular periodic reports to the board with respect to its actions and recommendations.

Where will do it?

An effective HR department will bring out the best from the employees of the companies and motivate them to do good for the company. So the HR manager must have the ability to do al these important jobs. But World Vision Bangladesh hired an employee from the financial department to work as a compensation manager.

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That is good for the company as he may not be able to design compensation package for whole company because he has no knowledge regarding this. So the company has to hire the right people for the right job especially in the HR department which is very vital for the company. Their performance appraisal system is not that effective. So they have design the performance appraisal system as well as grievance system so that it can work for the betterment of the employees that is directly related to the performance of the company. That is good for the company as he may not be able to design compensation package for whole company because he has no knowledge regarding this. So the company has to hire the right people for the right job especially in the HR department that is very vital for the company. World Vision Bangladesh had been Indias largest manufacturer f ductile iron pipes and cast iron pipes for over four decades. Their performance appraisal system is not that effective. So they have design the performance appraisal system as well as grievance system so that it can work for the betterment of the employees that is directly related to the performance of the company.

Provide Continuous Employee Training and Development Programs

Problem:
The problem is World Vision Bangladesh has given less importance on training and development programs for the employees, which is making them less adequate towards their job.

Recommendation:
World Vision Bangladesh has to come up with such a training program for the employees of World Vision Bangladesh where the employees will get the chance to enrich their ability, learn new techniques for specific job and also introduce with the engineering innovations. Training boosts an employees self-efficacy. Capable employees dont remain knowledgeable evermore. Skills depreciate and can turn into archaic and new skills need to be erudite. To do so organizations use up billions of dollars each year on recognized training. Training can include the whole thing from instruction to teaching employees necessary interpretation skills to conducting sophisticated courses in supervisory leadership.

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World Visions training practice was insufficient for their employees. World Vision is a Christian humanitarian organization dedicated to working with children, families and their communities worldwide to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. World Vision always prefer Christian employee in their workforce especially in the upper level management. Most of the top directors are of Christian religion. This results in a Muslim minority in the workforce. Now, Bangladesh is Muslim Major Country. So in this country following this kind of preference in the workforce always put a negative impact on the mind of the minor Muslim employees. The secret behind the success of World Vision Bangladesh will be the understanding of the need of the people who are being given adequate help and thus serve them better. To keep on doing this World Vision Bangladesh need effective and efficient pool of employees. So for improving employee performance continuously the company must train their employees properly. To serve this purpose introducing training and development programs is the best option for World Vision Bangladesh.

Justification:
To get the best out of an employee the company needs to give him proper guidance and also train him become more effective for the company. Most of the employees of World Vision were very loyal and reluctant to join its new projects. World Vision always wanted to recruit highly dedicated labor force and all of their expert employees helped them to get reform in the worldwide market as the core jobs of World Vision needs very efficient workers. Both loyal employees and effective system are essential to produce satisfactory result in each project. Skilled employees helped them to achieve the expected target. But the main problem was that not all employees are loyal to their organization. This tendency was more likely in the Muslim employees. It was because the organization preferred Christian employees more. So generally the Muslims employees feel themselves as minor and hence they can not show their loyalty to the organization. On-The-Job Training (OJT) is job-related training that occurs on the actual job site while engaged in the occupation; hands-on instruction. On-The-job training programs are like; coaching, mentoring, job rotation, internship etc are very effective but less expensive.

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Who will do it?

The specialists should conduct the employee training and development program. It is not necessary that the high level well-qualified managers are good trainers. So World Vision Bangladesh should look for people who could play a major role in designing and conducting the organizations training and development program. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staff is placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staff in different capacities distributed under 4 zones. HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary.

How will do it?

The problem for World Vision Bangladesh is training and development expense of World Vision Bangladesh was very high. By introducing on-the-job training program the company can reduce the cost as well as train the employees. To get the best out of an employee the company needs to give him proper guidance and also train him become more effective for the company. As World Vision Bangladesh is relying fully on top management, they can follow a pull through strategy, the employees of World Vision Bangladesh should understand the customers or end users need and work according to that. People worked in the management of this company performed very efficiently. They did value the end profit highly. To make the work force most efficient and effective World Vision Bangladesh must provide proper training to employees and workers.

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They can even hire experienced workers and experts from other companies offering them a higher compensation package. This location offered a strong base to serve the domestic Vietnamese market, as well as the surrounding region of developing economies. Each has a great need for basic infrastructure. The managers ran the year ending profit contribution used to decide how well the company. The problem here is that there is no existence of any employee development program and no policy to fill up the board of directors and upper management position. There is also the existence of inefficiency in corporate officer. The specialists should conduct the employee training and development program. It is not necessary that the high level well-qualified managers are good trainers. So World Vision Bangladesh should look for people who could play a major role in designing and conducting the companys training and development program. To face this challenge World Vision Bangladesh has to introduce this training strategy, so that employees become more compatible and serves better.

When will do it?

World Vision Bangladeshs management should take this decision right at once. The specialists should conduct the employee training and development program. It is not necessary that the high level well-qualified managers are good trainers. So World Vision Bangladesh should look for people who could play a major role in designing and conducting the companys training and development program. To face this challenge World Vision Bangladesh has to introduce this training strategy, so that employees become more compatible and serve better.

Where will do it?

The World Vision Bangladesh management should take this decision right at once. The specialists should conduct the employee training and development program. It is not necessary that the high level well-qualified managers are good trainers. So World Vision Bangladesh should look for people who could play a major role in designing and conducting the companys training and development program. In order to run huge program in different development sectors throughout the country WVB has staffs at two levels such as - National and ADP. In National Office, headed by Executive Director a total of 80 staff is placed. At ADP or field level there are 827 staff in different capacities distributed under 4 zones.

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HR Director who is overall responsible to plan and implement human resource development and staff recruitment heads the Human Resource Division of World Vision. Under him there are 5 HR Specialists who are directly responsible to look after human resource aspects of 4 Zones under which there are 12 to 15 ADPs. As such field level staffs are under direct supervision of the respective zonal in-charges. One of the HR specialists has the responsibility to process and recruit national level staffs. The Human Resource Section of World Vision Bangladesh is very vigilant to recruit, orient and place suitable staff in different positions as and when necessary. So for improving employee performance continuously the company must train their employees properly. To serve this purpose introducing training and development programs is the best option for World Vision Bangladesh.

Dealing with the cultural differences in Bangladesh in a favorable way for the organization
Problem:
The problem for World Vision Bangladesh is the coping up with the Bangladeshi culture and peoples perception and attitude. Many rural people in Bangladesh have negative concept in their mind about international NGOs.

Recommendation:
Cultural diversity is the coexistence of numerous distinct ethnic, racial, religious, or cultural groups within one social unit, organization, or population. Business organizations are concerned about diversity issues to gain a source of competitive advantage, both domestically and internationally. The organizational culture differs from country to country. The internal culture and norm is significantly different among the organizations. Our recommendation in this aspect is that World Vision Bangladesh must be considering the existing organizational cultural differences between countries. Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. Natural resources include natural gas, timber, arable land, and coal. The industries of Bangladesh encompass cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, and sugar.

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Ninety-eight percent of the 144 million population consider themselves Bengal. Other ethnicities include non-Bengal Muslims and tribal groups. The official language is Bangla, but English also is spoken. Major agricultural products include rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, and oilseeds as well as spices and fruit. Although major strides have been made in increasing rice production, severe overpopulation has resulted in inadequate crop production.

Justification:
World Vision is the largest NGO in Bangladesh of its kind. But still they do not highlight themselves compare to the other NGOs. So in spite of being the largest, their brand awareness among the people of Bangladesh is very low, which can be harmful for them in the long run. The top management needs to take some constructive decisions in this matter. World Vision Bangladesh needs certain discipline in their operations. Because there is a possibility that the top management can run autocracy over the employees if the company remain decentralized. More over the top management has already taken some decisions without even assessing other options. Nearly 80 percent of the populations inhabit rural areas. With a population growth rate of 2.08 percent, the countrys total population is expected to double in nearly 30 years. Approximately 63 percent of the labor force is dedicated to agriculture, with 26 percent in services, and 11 percent in industry. Forty percent of the 16.7 million children age six to ten years, 6.9 million are not enrolled in primary school, and 5.9 million of secondary school students have dropped out. Frequent cyclones and floods as well as political opposition within the government from bureaucracy, public sect unions, and other interest groups have impeded quick economic growthof a steady rate of five percent for the past several years. Bangladesh is located in one of the most disaster-prone areas of the world. In 1991, a devastating cyclone killed approximately 140,000 people in the port city of Chittagong. In 1998, according to the Central Control Room of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, devastating floods that covered two-thirds of the entire country resulted in the loss of US$300 million worth of rice crops and damaged 5,692 miles of roads, 6,500 bridges and culverts, and 1,800 schools. This system of shared meaning is a set of key characteristics that the organization values. Organization culture can be vary from organization to organization in case of innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, and aggressiveness or may be stability.

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Who will do it?

The top management of the World Vision Bangladesh who are considered as the decision makers of the company needs to initiate the implementation of the recommendation.

How will do it?

The management has to understand the existing culture of the countries. World Vision Bangladesh has to see how these cultures are related with each other and distinct at the same time. The way to combine the different cultures is not a day-to-day work. The planning and implementation has to be done in a supreme manner. Till the last step the major parts can be altered. The decision makers must understand this situation. Bangladeshis are either unemployed or underemployed. In addition, 35.6 percent of the populations live below the poverty line. Choosing the right person for the right job is very important as the same time very critical. Set the upper bar of the employee empowerment is necessary in the sense that it reflects the worth of the job. By instance by looking at this people will understand what is required to do the job and apply for the job. So for World Vision Bangladesh it makes the screening process easier because it screens out ineligible candidates easily. The top management should set the upper bar so that it stays under control all the time. By practicing it, it would be very hard for the employees to abuse the empowerment.

When will do it?

The organizational culture differs from country to country. The internal culture and norm is significantly different among the organizations. Our recommendation in this aspect is that World Vision Bangladesh must be considering the existing organizational cultural differences between countries. Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. Natural resources include natural gas, timber, arable land, and coal. The industries of Bangladesh encompass cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, and sugar. Ninety-eight percent of the 144 million populations consider themselves Bengal. Other ethnicities include non-Bengal Muslims and tribal groups. The official language is Bangla, but English also is spoken.

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Organization culture basically refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organization. Nearly 80 percent of the populations inhabit rural areas. With a population growth rate of 2.08 percent, the countrys total population is expected to double in nearly 30 years. Approximately 63 percent of the labor force is dedicated to agriculture, with 26 percent in services, and 11 percent in industry. Forty percent of Bangladeshis are either unemployed or underemployed. In addition, 35.6 percent of the populations live below the poverty line. Of the 16.7 million children age six to ten years, 6.9 million are not enrolled in primary school, and 5.9 million of secondary school students have dropped out. Frequent cyclones and floods as well as political opposition within the government from bureaucracy, public sect unions, and other interest groups have impeded quick economic growthof a steady rate of five percent for the past several years. Bangladesh is located in one of the most disaster-prone areas of the world. In 1991, a devastating cyclone killed approximately 140,000 people in the port city of Chittagong. In 1998, according to the Central Control Room of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief, devastating floods that covered two-thirds of the entire country resulted in the loss of US$300 million worth of rice crops and damaged 5,692 miles of roads, 6,500 bridges and culverts, and 1,800 schools.

Where will do it?

World Vision Bangladesh is jewelry a company in Europe whereas they are opening stores in other part of the world. All the countries had its own way of doing business. All of them had their own mission, goal and also strategy to achieve to achieve those goals. So if two companies have two different views and culture then it would be a completely wrong idea to merge together or to acquire. So in this case World Vision Bangladesh will have to face many problems due to the lack of a well-structured human resource department and well-defined human resources polices. So with out any further delay World Vision Bangladesh must redesign or restructure their human resource department and human resource policies to deal with the future challenges. World Vision Bangladesh had taken a decision to go for foreign countrys market. They have to see how many stores they should open in a singles country. The culture and customer taste and preference differs from country to country.

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Cultural diversity is the coexistence of numerous distinct ethnic, racial, religious, or cultural groups within one social unit, organization, or population. Business organizations are concerned about diversity issues to gain a source of competitive advantage, both domestically and internationally.

Internal Recruitment According to The Organizational Need

Problem:
World Vision Bangladesh has not applied the internal recruitment policy in case of staffing and other recruitment policies for employees of all level according to their capability and organizational need.

Recommendation:
Most of the employees of World Vision were very loyal and reluctant to join its new projects. World Vision always wanted to recruit highly dedicated labor force and all of their expert employees helped them to get reform in the worldwide market as the core jobs of World Vision needs very efficient workers. Both loyal employees and effective system are essential to produce satisfactory result in each project. Skilled employees helped them to achieve the expected target. World Vision Bangladesh needs to recruit new employees according to the organizational need. How large a company will be is completely an internal decision for the company. It depends on the potential growth of the company. That means the present and future needs determines the employee need of a company. But it is the top management who settles on the size of the workforce. That is why it is a controllable factor for the company. World Vision Bangladesh has to understand what kind of workforce they actually need. They have to conduct proper research to acquire the need of the company. World Vision Bangladesh has to explore department by department to know in which job what kind of worker is needed. If they need more experience they have to go for recruiting experience worker. Superior education standards and significant outlays of government for the training and development enhance the quality of human capital of the countries in such way that it is quite expensive to recruit and retain qualified employees.

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Justification:
Superior education standards and significant outlays of government for the training and development enhance the quality of human capital of the country in such way that it is quite expensive to recruit and retain qualified employees. World Vision does not apply the internal recruitment policy in case of staffing. The purpose of the internal position opportunities posting system is to assure consideration is given to qualified and interested employees who are able to meet basic performance standards of the open position. This refers to the filling of job vacancies from within the business - where existing employees are selected rather than employing someone from outside. A business might decide that it already has the right people with the right skills to do the job, particularly if its training and development program has been effective. Internal recruitment gives existing employees greater opportunity to advance their careers in the business. It may help to retain staff who might otherwise leave and it also requires a short induction training period. By using this method employer can know more about the internal candidate's abilities (= a reduced risk of selecting an inappropriate candidate). And it is usually quicker and less expensive than recruiting from outside. Our suggestion is to verify what the skills that the company needed and how many employees needed to perform each job and recruit according to that. At that situation the main goal of World Vision Bangladesh was to reduce cost. If they can overcome the depression and start to hire back people in the empty positions which were created by the layoff, the operating cost will again increase as the cost of living in World Vision Bangladesh is very high. So World Vision Bangladesh has to verify whether they need to hire any new employees and what job that cannot be performed by current work force and finally hire according to the need.

Who will do it?

The top management who are known as decision maker should take this step. World Vision Bangladesh needs to provide very well made job description to make the rank more specific to the employee. Job description is necessary in the sense that it reflects the worth of the job. By instance by looking at this people will understand what is required to do the job and apply for the job. So it makes the screening process easier because it screens out ineligible candidates easily. Job description is also important to determine the relative worth of the job. That will help the company to design a compensation package for each job. - 79 -

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How will do it?

World Vision Bangladesh needs to asses what are the skills that the company needed and how many employees needed to perform each job and recruit according to that. Choosing the right person for the right job is very important as the same time very critical. The recruitment needs to be done after conducting research on what is the current need of human resource in the company. World Vision does not apply the internal recruitment policy in case of staffing. The purpose of the internal position opportunities posting system is to assure consideration is given to qualified and interested employees who are able to meet basic performance standards of the open position. This refers to the filling of job vacancies from within the business - where existing employees are selected rather than employing someone from outside. A business might decide that it already has the right people with the right skills to do the job, particularly if its training and development program has been effective. Internal recruitment gives existing employees greater opportunity to advance their careers in the business. It may help to retain staff who might otherwise leave and it also requires a short induction training period. By using this method employer can know more about the internal candidate's abilities (= a reduced risk of selecting an inappropriate candidate). And it is usually quicker and less expensive than recruiting from outside.

When will do it?

The World Vision Bangladesh management should take this decision right at once. A company like World Vision Bangladesh should be very innovative and effective while hiring people. The ability, qualification and experience of the hired person should complement with the current need of World Vision Bangladesh. World Vision always prefer Christian employee in their workforce especially in the upper level management. Most of the top directors are of Christian religion. This results in a Muslim minority in the workforce. Now, Bangladesh is Muslim Major Country. So in this country following this kind of preference in the workforce always put a negative impact on the mind of the minor Muslim employees.

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Where will do it?

If they need more experience they have to go for recruiting experience worker. Superior education standards and significant outlays of government for the training and development enhance the quality of human capital of the countries in such way that it is quite expensive to recruit and retain qualified employees. This refers to the filling of job vacancies from within the business - where existing employees are selected rather than employing someone from outside. A business might decide that it already has the right people with the right skills to do the job, particularly if its training and development program has been effective.

Spread the Activities and Projects of WVB in All Parts of Bangladesh

Problem:
World Vision Bangladesh yet to provide their service all over Bangladesh such as Sylhet and Rajshahi. World Vision Bangladesh doesnt have the appropriate goal towards the possible success of the organization by spreading their projects throughout Bangladesh. World Vision is the largest NGO in Bangladesh of its kind. But still they do not highlight themselves compare to the other NGOs. So in spite of being the largest, their brand awareness among the people of Bangladesh is very low, which can be harmful for them in the long run.

Recommendation:
With the support of generous donors, World Vision is partnering with families throughout Bangladesh to build brighter futures filled with hope for their children. Currently 30,164 girls and boys are receiving the benefits of child sponsorship thanks to U.S. sponsors. Various activities are under way to help meet immediate needs and promote lasting changes that will strengthen communities and move families toward self-reliance. A key feature of World Visions work is community development. Our childfocused programmes work in childrens education and health, water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, HIV-AIDS, disaster preparedness, child rights and participation and micro-enterprise development.

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World Vision Bangladesh yet to provide their service all over Bangladesh such as Sylhet and Rajshahi. These programmes, supported through child sponsorship, are long-term (10 to 15 years) allowing World Vision to address poverty issues and build sustainable solutions alongside the community. At present World Vision in Bangladesh operates through 43 Area Development Programs (ADPs) and 22 special funded projects at 40 subdistricts and metropolitan locations in 22 districts throughout the country, serving some three million people with various development programs.

Justification:
An organization should always strive for the growth of its operation. The way company does its business to earn the maximum profit has to be deciding in a very productive manner. A NGO like World Vision Bangladesh that has reach the top position of the country must try to excel the current projects throughout the country. Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. Natural resources include natural gas, timber, arable land, and coal. The industries of Bangladesh encompass cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, and sugar. The countrys monsoon season occurs from June to October. Through sponsorship and other community-based projects, World Vision is helping people throughout Bangladesh to face the issues and challenges of their everyday lives. Ninety-eight percent of the 144 million population consider themselves Bengal. Other ethnicities include non-Bengal Muslims and tribal groups. The official language is Bangla, but English also is spoken. Major agricultural products include rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, and oilseeds as well as spices and fruit. Although major strides have been made in increasing rice production, severe overpopulation has resulted in inadequate crop production.

Who will do it?

The top management who are known as program director should take this step. World Vision began assisting the people of Bangladesh in 1970 following a flood and cyclone, necessitating relief to the people of the coastal region. More than $200,000 in emergency relief supplies was provided. In addition, roads were rebuilt; wells dug, and 63 schools, colleges, and health clinics were constructed.

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But unfortunately yet the organization cannot provide their service all over Bangladesh such as Sylhet. In addition, World Vision Bangladesh has a number of special development projects delivered in partnership with international governments and private donors. They also respond to natural and man-made humanitarian disasters that so badly affect children, their families and communities, by providing emergency aid and assistance.

How will do it?

For World Vision Bangladesh, protecting children is the most important part of our work. We build awareness, train and advise on child rights laws, and network with other non-government organizations, donors and decisionmakers to reach the children at most at risk in our communities. Strategy indicates the roadmap of operation. World Vision Bangladesh wanted to expand in the rural areas of Bangladesh. The strategy for this expansion was completely the top directors decision. It was the top directors who were responsible for the overall organizations strategy and implementation. That is why strategy of expansion is a controllable factor for World Vision Bangladesh. World Vision Bangladesh must see the past records of the content providers and the other NGOs in the country. The pros and corns of each nominated companies need to be assessed before taking the final decision. The HR department of the World Vision Bangladesh has to play a significant part for analyzing the content providers and the other NGOs current human and processing resources. Gaining the competitive advantage has a big role to play in the success of any large company like World Vision Bangladesh. The management needs to fine out what to get as joint venture. Situation and available resources should be taken into serious consideration before joint venture. Joint venture can be a vital issue for the growth of World Vision Bangladesh, so it should be given very high regard while conducting.

When will do it?

The World Vision Bangladesh management should take this decision right at once. Some 7.4 million children, between the ages 10-14 are involved in some 430 different types of child labour in Bangladesh. Most of these children are working long hours in jobs that are repetitive, tedious and badly paid. Struggling for enough food to eat, or to help their families pay off debts, these children have little time left over to think about other necessities like education, healthcare, clothing, and shelter.

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Even worse, an estimated 1.3 million children are involved in work that directly affects their health and well-being. From hazardous conditions in factories and industry, through to smuggling, drug selling and sex work, their exploitation leaves them physically or emotionally scarred. One of World Vision Bangladesh's goals within each sponsorship area is to ensure completion of five years of primary education for all children in the community. Special and strategic solutions must be found in areas where many children work, because often their wages are helping them, or their families, to survive. The southern city of Khulna, a regional capital where many families arrive in search of better opportunities, has an estimated 21,000 boys and 17,000 girls who work instead of attending school. Here, World Vision's non-formal schooling programme provides these children with an alternative path to education. Delivered through drop-in centres, the lessons are open to all, at different times of the day. As well as learning to read and write, children are given valuable information about their rights and how to avoid risk and exploitation.

Where will do it?

It's impossible to count the number of children living on the streets of different district towns, especially in the crowded streets of Dhaka, Bangladesh's capital. Many of them have no parents. Some have either a father or a mother, but are ill treated, with no way of knowing how to protect themselves from abuse. Consequently they leave or are thrown out of their homes, sleeping on the streets and in the railway stations, extremely vulnerable to exploitation and sexual abuse, physical and mental hardship. World Vision Bangladesh considers education for all a priority of their development work. With better education comes better opportunity, less child labour and exploitation, a better gender balance and a more self-supportive community. Adults are also benefiting from World Vision's work, through literacy classes or skills training to make a success of their own small business. Winning the trust of these children can be half the battle. World Vision's facilities, such as drop-in centres and residential care, are carefully structured to ensure that their rules, though fair, do not drive the children away. For many, these centres are the only place of refuge, where a warm meal or a clean bed can be found, as well as support, advice and love from the house parents there.

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