Prayer

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Mid La Union Campus
San Fernando City, La Union
College of Graduate Studies

A JOURNEY TO A BRIGHTER FUTURE:

THE PLIGHT OF THE 4 Ps STUDENT-
BENEFICIARIES OF BACNOTAN NATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL
ARNILA BERNALDO – CARDINEZ AVELINA CASTRO - VISAYA, Ph.D
Researcher Dissertation Adviser
Introduction:

Motivated but not gifted

Poverty hinders every potential and opportunity for the so-called hope of our
nation- they are the young and well- motivated individual.

 The right to education in the Philippines has been hindered by poverty.

 36 million children ranging from 6-24 years of aging who are out of school
youth (PSA 2022)

 Children who are intended to be in school are bound to sacrifice their future
Introduction:

 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) spearheaded by the Department

of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

 4 Ps is a human development measure of the national government that

provides Conditional Cash Grants

 School children aged 0 to 18, who are among the primary recipients or
beneficiaries of the program (Fernandez & Olfindo, 2011)
Introduction:

 The 4 Ps objective as the leading poverty alleviation program is a social

assistance by giving monetary support to impoverished families to respond to
their immediate needs. (Asian Journal of Business and Technology, 2019)

 A household with three children may receive a monthly allowance of 1,400

pesos or a total annual cash grant of 15,000 pesos for five years.

 The provision of the cash grant is expected to permit children from family
beneficiaries to finish primary or secondary schooling.
Introduction:

 As of School year 2022-2023, Bacnotan National High School has nine

hundred three (903) total beneficiaries .

 Some researchers cited that even if the 4 Ps sought to provide individuals

with the proper weapon to eradicate poverty, it has been a subject of doubt
and inequality due to improper targeting and recipient dependency (Romano,
2016)

 A minimal amount of money has been given to the recipients.

Introduction:

 The extent of the program’s effectiveness, not only in uplifting poverty but in
other aspects of the life of the recipients, is a dreadful consideration that
needs to be answered.

 This study aimed to identify the unique experiences of the students in Grade
10 Junior High School and Grade 12 Senior High School under the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
Introduction:

 The focus of the study will be the recipients that overcome life conditions and
end-up excelling in their present academic struggles.

 This study would be a tool for understanding the reality of being a government
subsidy beneficiary and how its objectives are reflected based on their plight
and experiences.

 This study could be a basis for measuring the program’s effectiveness

concerning the different aspects of the lives of the beneficiaries.
Framework of the Study:

 The theory of Social Reconstructionism by Theodore Braneld believes that

students are a critical element in bringing about social change.

 According to Jean Rousseau, in Social Contract Theory , the state exists to

ensure guarantee the protection of rights, life, property, and liberty. Its prime
motive is the protection of the citizenry and its welfare.

 The Conditional Cash Transfer now called the 4 Ps came out as a program to
answer society’s problem.
Framework of the Study:

 According to Rousseau, the 4 Ps give financial safety to people in exchange

for the citizen’s freedom because conditions are needed to fulfill to acquire the
program.

 Selective Material Gratification refers to beneficiaries feeling gratified by cash

transfers (Perova, 2010).

 The CCT programs address both future poverty, by fostering human capital
accumulation among the young to break the intergenerational transmission of
poverty and current poverty by providing income support for consumption in
the short run (Rawlings & Rubio, 2005)
Framework of the Study:

 To be considered a program beneficiary, one must concede to the

government’s demands and conditionalities (Coady & Parker, 2002)

 Implementing the 4Ps lessens the incidence of child labor and other forms of
child abuse.
Framework of the Study:

 This study aims to identify the unique experiences and plight of being a 4 Ps
beneficiary.

 The focus of this study was the recipients that overcome life conditions and
end-up excelling in their present academic endeavors.

 This study will be a tool for understanding the reality of being a government
program recipient and how its objectives are reflected in their daily life
experiences.
Research Paradigm:
Input Process Output

1. The plight of
1. Interview and
the 4 Ps student-
phenomenological
beneficiaries of
Bacnotan data analysis on the
4Ps Student-
National High experiences and the
beneficiaries
School plight of the 4 Ps
mitigating measures
2.Academic student- to cope with
performance of the beneficiaries educational
Junior and Senior challenges.
High School Students

2. Formulation of
mitigating measures to
cope with educational
challenges.

Feedback
Statement of the Problem:

1. What are the benefits enjoyed by the 4 Ps student-beneficiaries?

2. How does being a 4 Ps recipient help them in their studies?

3. What are the student grantee’s distinct experiences as a program beneficiary?

4. What are the challenges or struggles encountered by 4Ps student-beneficiaries?

5. How do student-beneficiaries cope with these challenges?

Importance of the Study:

 To know and discover the hardships and benefits of the Grade 10 Junior High
School and Grade 12 Senior High School learners of Bacnotan National High
School that the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is supporting.

 To gather information on how junior and senior high school students coped with
their challenges / plight in eradicating extreme poverty and financial assistance in
terms of their studies or education.

 The result of the study will be of help to the student-beneficiaries, government,

school and researcher.
Methodology:

 This study employed the use of qualitative research approach, specifically

phenomenology.

 This method approach are appropriate for this study as it aims to know the
struggles of the student-beneficiaries and how they cope with those plight that
came across their lives
Sources of Data:

 Purposive sampling

Instrumentation and Data Collection:

 In-depth interview (IDI)

 Find Respondents

Ask permission for an interview

Conduct an in-depth interview

Use a cellphone recorder to

measure accuracy
First Set of Questions

1.Does your parents have a source of income aside from

the cash grants given through the 4Ps?

2.Does the cash grants help you attend to your school

expenses?
3. Does the cash grants helps you attend your school

needs?

4. Is your general average above or equal to 85%?

5. Have you been able to complete a week of school

without absence?
Interview Guide

SOP 1-What is the profile of the respondents?

SOP 2- How does the benefits help the 4Ps recipients in

their studies?
• How much daily allowance do you receive from your
parents?
• How do you spend this received allowance?
• How did these benefits motivates you to excel in
your academic endeavor?
SOP 3-What are the student grantee’s distinct
experiences as a program beneficiary?

• How do you feel receiving benefits from the

government?
SOP 4-What are the opportunities of being a grantee?
SOP 5-What are the challenges and struggles
encountered by 4Ps student-beneficiaries?
• What kind of challenges have you encountered?

• How hard was it?

• How did you feel when you encountered those
challenges?
SOP 6- How do student-beneficiaries cope with these
Challenges?

12. What did you do to cope up with the challenges as

4Ps beneficiary?
13. Who helped you to cope up?
14. How long did it take for you to cope up?