CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

There has been a wide range of social protection programs implementation toward

poverty reduction in the Philippines. Findings show that inadequate human

capabilities and limited access to social services are the main culprits causing poverty

as well as inequality in the country. In response, the National Government of the

Philippines adopted the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program, which is now

known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Bridging Filipino Families Out of Poverty)

Program. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, 4Ps for short, has the primary

objective of providing social assistance and social development. In this program, cash

assistance is provided to the poor to alleviate their immediate need. The program also

aims to break the intergenerational poverty cycle through investments in human

capital, specifically education, health and nutrition of children aged 0-18.

It is patterned after the conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin

American and African countries, which have lifted millions of people around the

world from poverty (http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/) Brazil and Mexico were the

first countries that implemented that 4Ps program. The main objective was to provide

cash to families who are in extreme poverty in exchange for some education and

health care commitments. Since then, many countries, including the Philippines, have

attempted to replicate their examples. (Reyes et. Al, 2013).

In this program, cash assistance is provided to the poor to alleviate their

immediate need. It is formerly known as Ahon Pamilyang Pilipino that aims to

eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve primary education, promote gender

1
equality, reduce child mortality and improve maternal health

(www.officialgazette.gov.ph) which fulfill its commitment to the Millennium

Development Goals.

Under SECTION 6 (Eligible Households ) of the 4Ps Republic Act the. - For a

household to qualify as beneficiary for this program it must meet the following

requirements:

1. The household IS within the municipality or city identified as area of

implementation.

2. The household has at least one (1) 0-14 year old child and a pregnant woman at the

time of registration.

3. The household suffers from chronic poverty and falls within the priority ranking as

determined by the National Household Targeting System (NHTS) of the DSWD

which involves rigorous household assessment and application of a Proxy Means

Test, a tool used to estimate the income of households on the basis proxy variables

including of household composition, education, socio-economic characteristic,

housing conditions, access to basic services, assets, tenure status and regional

II variables. The DSWD and all national government agencies shall use the NHTS for

identifying and prioritizing beneficiaries for the 4 Ps as well as other social

services.The eligible beneficiaries of the 4Ps are families: (1) from the poorest

municipalities; (2) whose condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty

threshold; (3) with children aged 0-14 and/or a pregnant woman at the time of

assessment; and, (4) that agree to meet the program's conditionalities. Households

must meet stages of criteria at the time of registration to become eligible for the cash

grants.

2
 As provided under Senate Bill No. 92 of the Republic of the Philippines

otherwise known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Act of 2010 the health

grant beneficiary/family shall receive five hundred pesos (P500) per month per

household or a total of six thousand pesos (P6,000.00) per year; (B) The education

grant beneficiaries, the 3-14 year old children enrolled at the day care program, pre-

school, elementary school or high school shall receive three hundred pesos (P300.00)

per month for the ten (lO) month school year or a total of three thousand pesos

(P3,000.00) in a year with a maximum of three (3) children per household; The grant

rates may be adjusted by the DSWD if warranted by the changes in the socio-

economic conditions existing at the time. The DSWD shall ensure that the grant rates

are sufficient to make a positive impact on the health, nutrition and education

conditionalities, provided, that DSWD shall ensure that the grant will not serve as

disincentive for family members to work and improve their economic conditions.

By and large, Pantawid Pamilya has become the cornerstone of the

government’s poverty reduction strategy. In the case of Pantawid Pamilya, there are

two main conditionalities that need to be fulfilled to ensure continued participation.

First is the requirement to send children to school. The expected consumption

response is to increase spending on education-related goods. These are mainly

payment for school fees, school supplies, clothing, and footwear. Second are the

health-related conditionalities. The health conditionalities monitored for compliance

are utilization of public health services. Health-related goods availed of during clinic

visits such as pills and vaccines are typically provided free.

Velarde and Fernandez (2011) also added that impact of Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program in improving the educational and health outcomes can aid and

support beneficiaries in attaining a better and quality living in the future.

3
Statement of the Problem

This study will be of great help in the determination of the different utilization

of cash grants among the beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pampamilyang Pilipino

Program.

Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio demographic profile of the 4Ps beneficiaries in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Highest Educational Attainment

d. Number of Children

e. Source of Income

f. Monthly Salary (if any)

2. What is the socio demographic profile of household members

a. Duration of membership in the program?

b. Method of Beneficiary Selection of the program

c. Source of information regarding the program

d. How many are still studying?

e. How many has already graduated in high school? In college?

3. Utilization of cash grants

a. How much do you receive every month?

b. Schedule of Cash release by the program

4
 c. Respondents benefit by the program

d. Allocation of cash grants according to daily needs

e. Is the cash grand enough to suffice your needs?

4. Problems encountered

ASPECT PROBLEM/ISSUE 5 4 3 2 1
Education Children have no

allowance in going to

school
Health Unequal benefits given

Others
Economic Gambling

and

Livelihood No Regular Livelihood

Overall Only selected gets

program privileges

Pay out isn’t

received/delayed/reduced

The span of five years of

getting benefits from the

program is not enough

5. Perceived Effects on the program

a. On Education

b. On health

c. In terms of economic aspect

5
Significance of the study

Specifically, the result of the study can provide prominent information for the

following:

Department of Social Welfare and Development- The result of the study

can provide information to the agency for program modification purposes. This will

also provide observations and insights through information that will be beneficial to

the government to further determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the program.

Department of Education –The study will help educators to monitor the

beneficiaries’ capacity in paying the school obligations of their children. For them to

be aware of the different expenditures of the member beneficiaries.

Member Beneficiaries – The study will be of great help in using the cash

grants efficiently and effectively provided by the government

Researchers – This study will serve as a guide to provide reliable and

accurate information on the utilization of cash grants of the beneficiaries of the 4Ps.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The respondents of the study are the member beneficiaries of the cash

program. The study is primarily geared towards the analysis of the utilization of the

cash grants among the beneficiaries of the 4Ps in Dingras, Ilocos Norte.

The locale of the study is delimited to the municipality of Dingras, Ilocos

Norte.

The researcher phase dealt with the identification of variables. The

demographic profile of the member beneficiaries limited to age, sex, highest

6
educational attainment, number of children, source of income and monthly salary (if

any). Also, the study is limited to the profile of the household members of the

beneficiaries, utilization of cash grants, problems encountered on the program and the

perceived effects on education, health and economic aspect on the program.

Definition of Terms

(A) The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) shall refer to the national

poverty reduction strategy that provides conditional cash transfer to extremely poor

households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of children

aged 0-14;

(B) Beneficiaries refer to poor households with pregnant women and with children 0

14 year old selected by the Department of Social Welfare and Development to be a

part of the program through the National Household Targeting System for Poverty

Reduction (NHTSPR)

(C) Department shall refer to the Department of Social Welfare and Development

(DSWD) which is the lead and executing agency in the implementation of this

program,

(D) Small Area Poverty Estimate refers to a statistical tool and methodology of

generating estimates of poverty incidence by combining survey and census data at

lower

levels of geographic disaggregation (cities and municipalities) utilized by the National

Census and Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

(E) Extremely Poor or "food poor" refers to a person whose income or other

resources fail short of enabling him to provide for even just his nutritional

requirements, according to the NSCB, an individual earning less than P27.7 ($US

7
0.55) or P830.00 (US $16.60) a month or P9,963.00 (US $200.00) a year is extremely

poor or food poor.

(F) Poor refers to a person whose income is sufficient to provide for his nutritional

needs but falls short of enabling him to provide for his other basic necessities such as

clothing, shelter, health and education. According to the NSCB, an individual earning

less than P24.80 ($US 0.83) a day or Pl,242 (US $24.80) a month or PI4,906.00

($US298.00) a year is poor.

8
 CHAPTER II

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies, the

conceptual framework, research hypothesis.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In the Philippines, just like other countries, the right to education has been

hindered by poverty. Poverty has been one of the major problems and societal

concerns in the country. As defined by Crossman (2014), poverty is a condition in

which people lack the basic things in order to survive such as food, shelter, water,

clothes and education. In a report by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) in

2014, it is said that Philippines’ poverty rate eased to 24.9% in the first half of 2013

from 27.9% of the same period in 2012. Despite this good news, Filipinos continue to

suffer from the effects of poverty in the country.

Sad to note, most of the problems and difficulties of Filipinos are rooted in

poverty. Many families are left deprived of their basic needs and are therefore forced

their children to stop going to school and help them instead in their livelihood. With

this as main ground, the Philippine government initiated a program called the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps, both to address poverty and in

response to the country’s commitment to the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs).

9
SENATE BILL NO. 92 AN ACT "Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Act of

2010

TO REDUCE POVERTY AND PROMOTE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

THROUGH THE CREATION OF A NATIONAL CONDITIONAL FUND

TRANSFER PROGRAM

Declaration of Policy. - It shall be the policy of the State:

(A) To provide a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and

independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that

provide adequate social services and improve quality of life.

(B) To give priority to education and health of children, accelerate social progress

and promote total human liberation and development.

(C) To protect the life of mothers and their children ..

(D) To promote gender equality and empower women.

Objective of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)-The Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Programs (4Ps) aims to:

(A) Reduce extreme hunger and poverty.

(B) Achieve universal primary education.

(C) Promote gender equality and empowerment of women.

(D) Reduce child mortality.

(E) Improve maternal health.

Selection of Areas of Implementation. - The following guidelines shall

be followed in the selection of areas of implementation:

(A) In the selection of target areas, priority is given to the poorest municipalities as

10
determined by Small Area Poverty Estimates generated by the National Statistical

Coordination Board (NSCB).

(B) Priority shall also be given to cities with large pockets of poverty as reported by

the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) and or the Presidential Commission

on

Urban Poor (PCUP) and or National Census and Statistical Coordination Board

(NSCB).

Eligible Households. - For a household to qualify as beneficiary for this

program it must meet the following requirements:

1. The household IS within the municipality or city identified as area of

implementation.

2. The household has at least one (1) 0-14 year old child and a pregnant woman at

the time of registration.

3. The household suffers from chronic poverty and falls within the priority ranking as

determined by the National Household Targeting System (NHTS) of the DSWD

which involves rigorous household assessment and application of a Proxy Means

Test, a tool used to estimate the income of households on the basis proxy variables

including of household composition, education, socio-economic characteristic,

housing conditions, access to basic services, assets, tenure status and regional

variables. The DSWD and all national government agencies shall use the NHTS for

identifying and prioritizing beneficiaries for the 4 Ps as well as other social services.

Program Conditions. - All beneficiaries shall comply with the following conditions

as a requirement for continued program eligibility:

11
(A) Children 3-5 years of age must enroll in day care program or pre-school and

attend at least eighty- five percent (85%) of the required school days;

(B) Children 6-14 years of age must be enrolling in school and attend at least eighty-

five percent (85%) of the required school days. They must also undergo deworming at

least twice a year.

(C) Children 0-5 years of age must get regular preventive health check-ups and

vaccines based on the Department of Health (DOH) protocol.

(F) Pregnant women must get at least (3) pre-natal check-up starting from the first

trimester, get post- natal care and the childbirth must be attended by some

skilled/trained health personnel

(G) Parents/ guardians must attend and complete responsible parenthood seminars

and parenting education sessions

Failure to comply with the conditionalities warrants the suspension and/or removal of

the beneficiary from the program.

Grant Rates. - The following amounts shall be released to qualified beneficiaries:

(A) The health grant beneficiary/family shall receive five hundred pesos (P500) per

month per household or a total of six thousand pesos (P6,000.00) per year;

(B) The education grants beneficiaries, the 3-14 year old children enrolled at the day

care program, pre-school, elementary school or high school shall receive three

hundred

pesos (P300.00) per month for the ten (l0) month school year or a total of three

thousand pesos (P3,000.00) in a year with a maximum of three (3) children per

household;

12
The grant rates may be adjusted by the DSWD if warranted by the changes in the

socio-economic conditions existing at the time. The DSWD shall ensure that the grant

rates

are sufficient to make a positive impact on the health, nutrition and education

conditionalities, provided, that DSWD shall ensure that the grant will not serve as

disincentive for family members to work and improve their economic conditions. The

program aims to provide cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate needs

(short term poverty alleviation) and to break the intergenerational transmission and

cycle of poverty by investing heavily in human capital development (Department of

Social Welfare and Development [DSWD], 2014). Beneficiaries of this program are

expected to use the assistance especially for educational and health purposes.

Inter-Agency Council- There shall be a National Inter-Agency Council for the

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) composed of the

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as Chair and the

Department of Health (DOH), Department of Education (DepEd), Department of

Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Economic Development Authority

(NEDA) and National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) as members and they shall

formulate policies for the program and oversee the implementation of the program

CCTs may not lead to overall increase in household consumption due to

several factors. While cash grants initially constitute an increase in income,

compliance to conditionalities could have offsetting effects that impact directly on

total household income. Moreover, households face different incentives in making

choices among goods conditioned-on by the program (such as education) and those

that are not. Identifying the impact of Pantawid Pamilya on consumption sheds light

on fundamental yet lingering questions on whether cash grants can tide over

13
households from hunger and enable them to sustain investments in human capital over

time. Answers to these questions have substantial policy implications especially now

that the program is at the height of metamorphosis, with the culmination of its first

batch of beneficiaries and the approval of program modifications (Tutor, 2014).

Targeting Beneficiaries

To identify the poorest households within the selected municipalities, the

DSWD uses the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction

(NHTS-PR). The system employs a Proxy Means Test (PMT) model to identify the

poor families. The PMT model was estimated using data from the 2006 FIES and the

2006 Labor Force Survey (LFS). The assessment is conducted by using certain proxy

variables like ownership of assets, type of housing, education and employment of

household head, and access to water and sanitation facilities to predict income. To

verify compliance, the DSWD coordinates with the program’s multi-sectoral

Advisory Committee to conduct monthly verification through the Compliance

Verification System (CVS) developed for the program (Reyes et. Al, 2013).

Once expenses on conditionalities are fulfilled, household preferences

determine the changes in the composition of household consumption. By design,

CCTs are targeted to women because of increasing evidence that women respond

differently to changes in household resources. Women have been shown to spend

proportionately more on education and child-specific goods [Yoong et al. 2012] and

on ‘female-oriented durables’ such as kitchen appliances, fans, electric irons, and the

like [Ashraf, Karlan and Yin 2008]. Moreover, there is evidence to show that desired

outcomes from increased use of public services manifest more with access to better

information by women, especially among poor households [Jalan and Ravallion

2003]. Thus, another key component of CCTs is the conduct of monthly instructional

14
meetings on responsible parenthood, nutrition, hygiene, sanitation, and other health

issues.

They expressed that they are now able to provide for the needs of their

children especially in terms of school, health and nutrition. Some said that they have

more time and attention for their children now since they stopped engaging in card

games or gambling, which is prohibited to those who are beneficiary of the 4Ps.

However, beneficiary households still differed in the way they spend the cash grant.

Some of them spend the cash grant immediately upon receiving it. Since the cash

grant is given every other month, some of these beneficiary households pay the loans

they incurred two months after receiving their last cash grant. During the months

between May and June when classes usually begin, some use the grant to buy

uniforms and school supplies.

Household Beneficiaries

As of 31 December 2016, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is being

implemented in 144 cities and 1,483 municipalities in 80 provinces, with a total of

4,387,689 active households as reported by the Department of Social Welfare and

Development. There were 4,377,762 recipient households in 2015 in the same areas

covered. Of the total number of recipient households, 1,780,893 (40.59%) are from

Luzon, 1,715,119 (39.09%) from Mindanao, and 891,677 (20.32%) from Visayas.

The total number of households is divided into those covered by the regular

Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program (4,154,417 households) and the Modified

Conditional Cash Transfer (MCCT) (233,272 households). The MCCT covers

households of homeless street families and indigenous people families in

geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas.

15
Compliance to Conditionality. A Compliance Verification System (CVS) monitors

the compliance of households with the program’s conditions as basis for awarding of

the grants. For education, children who are 3-18 years old must attend school. For

health, the conditionalities include check-up for pregnant women, immunization for

children 0-5 years old, and deworming of children 6-14 years old. Household heads

must also attend the family development sessions (FDS). Compliance verification is

conducted bi-monthly. For the period October to November 2016, the compliance rate

on education among households remained high at 96.22% although lower than

96.82% in 2015. For health, about 96% of households complied with the requirement

for check-up and immunization of pregnant women and children 0-5 years old, which

is roughly the same in 2016.

Expanded Student Grant’s-in-Aid Program for Poverty Alleviation (ESGP-PA)

ESGP-PA is a program being implemented by DSWD and Commission on Higher

Education (CHED) in partnership with state universities and colleges. It provides

educational assistance to beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilya program who are in

college. Under the program, a student-grantee receives a maximum of P60,000 per

school year to cover tuition fees, school supplies, food, clothing, lodging and other

school related expenses (www.officialgazzette.com.ph)

DSWD Sustainable Livelihood Program Association (SLPA)

Sustainable Livelihood Program. The Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) is a

community-based program that provides capacity building to both 4Ps and non-4Ps

households. It has two tracks: microenterprise development which enables

beneficiaries manage microenterprises; and employment facilitation which links

16
beneficiaries to locally available jobs. As of October 2016, some 141,779 4Ps

households received assistance from the program. Of these, 92,089 households

received microenterprise development capacity building while 49,690 households

availed of employment facilitation. The total households served was only 41.8% of

the target for that year.

Recent Program modifications

More recent expansion of Pantawid Pamilya is influenced by modifications advocated

by non-government organizations, interest groups, and the academe. By design,

Pantawid Pamilya systematically excludes specific types of households such as

homeless families, unmarried persons with disabilities, and other poor households

without 0-14 year old or pregnant members. With the enormity of the program,

pressure has been raised to include other sectors of the poor. The government started a

Modified CCT (MCCT) in 2012 [SONA Technical Report 2013]. It has 3 categories,

covering a total of 94,247 households as of December 2013. These are: (1) MCCT for

Families in Need of Special Protection; (2) MCCT for Homeless and Street Families;

and (3) MCCT for Extended Age Coverage. The third category refers to households

that are still within the 5-year period of program coverage but have become ineligible

because beneficiary children are now older than 14 years old.

In 2013, the administration also approved the extension of education grants to

all existing beneficiary children until they finish high school. This is in response to

the World Bank [2013] and PIDS [2012, 2013] studies that pointed out the substantial

advantage of high school graduates over undergraduates in terms of earning potential.

There is also indicative evidence that extending coverage up to 4th year will induce

would-be dropouts to finish high school because the most-cited reasons for leaving

school are the high cost of education and the need to earn for the family [Reyes et al.

17
2012]. In recognition of the higher opportunity costs of sending older children to

school, the government is also increasing the education grant for all high school level

beneficiaries to Php500 per month.

Theoretical Framework

According to Jacques Rosseau in his Social Contract Theory, the state exists to

ensure or guarantee protection of rights, life, property and liberty. Its prime motive is

for the protection of the citizenry, which means to surrender their rights, not to a

single individual, but to the community as a whole as what Rosseau called as the

general will. Hence, the Pantawid Pampamilyang Pilipino Program is a social contract

where the state provides financial resources to a family in exchange for the family’s

fulfillment of certain conditions set by the government (https://studymoose.com).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Utilization of Cash
Profile of Grants Perceived Effects of
Household Head the program

Profile of
Household Problems
IMPROVED
Members Encountered on the
QUALITY OF LIFE
program

18
 The efficiency of Pantawid Pamilya Program can be manifested in the

attainment of its objectives which are categorized as: improvement of preventive

health care among pregnant women and young children; increase of the enrollment in

and attendance rate of children in school; reduction of the incidence of child labor;

raise of the average consumption rate in food expenditure of poor households; and

encouragement of the parents to invest in their children’s (and their own) human

capital through investments in their health and nutrition, education, and participation

in community activities.

Investment in human development, particularly in education and health,

purports improvement of the country’s chances of reducing poverty. Fiszbein et al.,

(2009) proves in his study that CCTs have a positively impact on outcomes such as

increase in the enrolment of children in schools in Mexico, Colombia, Bangladesh and

Turkey. They have also been proven to decrease the incidence of child labor among

children aged 7 to 13 years old in Mexico and Nicaragua; lower the incidence of

illness among young children, as well as increase the utilization of health services

among young girls in Honduras. The program also posted remarkable improvements

in the nutritional status of children by increasing the average consumption rate in food

expenditure.

On the other hand, participation in community activities is an important

determinant of poverty alleviation especially because economic growth alone is not

sufficient for poverty reduction; growth must be accompanied with equity and

promoted by participation (Okunmadewa, 1999). Tunrayo (2009) defines community

participation as an active involvement of the community members in particular

projects geared towards the development of an area. The main purpose of community

development projects is to organize, develop and utilize available natural resources

19
and manpower. These resources are utilized in such a way that the entire rural

population depending on them has an opportunity to meet their basic needs along with

reasonable facilities for education and health. This promotes in a positive and healthy

environment.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, sampling,

procedure, instrumentation, data-gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study will use the quantitative and qualitative research method, wherein

the researcher will utilize the survey method with the use of interview method and

questionnaire. The said interview method and questionnaire will help the researcher

find out the response of the beneficiaries toward the assistance given by the 4Ps

program.

20
Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in the municipality of Dingras, Ilocos Norte.

Also, the municipality is composed of 31 barangays and is considered as third class

municipality wherein one of the criterias to accommodate more member beneficiaries

of the program.

Population and Sampling

Respondents for the study will be the member beneficiaries of the program in

Dingras, Ilocos Norte. The total population will be 200 among the selected barangays

in Dingras, Ilocos Norte under Random Sampling Technique.

Data Gathering Procedure

This study will use the Probability Sampling Technique, which is the lottery

method or draw by lots. Out of 31 barangays in the municipality of Dingras of which

all has 4Ps beneficiaries. Only 15 barangays will be taken up.

The method to be used in data gathering includes an interview guide for the

parent beneficiaries that will be formulated in the Mother tongue.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The personal profile of the member beneficiaries of the program will be

analyzed using mean, frequency and percentage.

In order to come up with a valid and reliable analysis and interpretation of data

to be gathered, the following techniques will be used:

Percentage. This will describe the ration and minority responses and

determine the proportion of distribution of respondents by their demographic

21
variables such as age, sex, age, sex, highest educational attainment, number of

children, source of income and monthly salary (if any).

Weighted mean. The mean of the responses will be determined using the

weighted mean. This will be used to answer the questions on the respondents’ extent

of the percentage used on education and for health, factors affecting their expenditure

pattern along the program and budget decisions they make for the utilization of the

cash transfer.

Correlation. Pearson product moment correlation SPSS analysis will be tested

on the relationship between the demographic profile of the member beneficiaries

limited to age, sex, highest educational attainment, number of children, source of

income and monthly salary (if any) and to the profile of the household members of the

beneficiaries, utilization of cash grants, problems encountered on the program and the

perceived effects on education, health and economic aspect on the program that would

give the beneficiaries improved quality of life.

LITERATURE CITED

Fiszbein, A., Schady, N., Ferreira, F. Grosh, M., Keleher, N., Olinto, P., &

Skoufias, E. (2009). Conditional cash transfers: Reducing present and future poverty.

A World Bank Policy Research Report., The World Bank Washington, DC., pp. 1-384.

Okunmadewa. F. (1999). Poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Paper Presented at

Policy Seminar on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria, August 2-5, Abuja, Nigeria. pp. 22-

25.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Official Gazette of the Republic of the

Philippines Retrieved February 7, 2015 from

http://www.gov.ph/programs/conditional-cash-transfer/

22
 Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. Explanatory Note.The Constitution,

Article 2, Section 9, Fifteenth Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. First

Regular Session, Senate S. No. 92

Celia M. Reyes, Aubrey D. Tabuga, Christian D. Mina and Romina D. Asis.

Promoting Inclusive Growth Through 4Ps. Discussion Paper Series No. 2013-09.

January 2013

Chaudhury, N. and Y. Okamura. 2012. Conditional cash transfers and school

enrolment: Impact of the Conditional Cash Transfer program in the Philippines.

Philippine Social Protection Note No. 6 (July). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

County Welfare Directors Association of America (CWDA). 2010.

Oportunidades: Mexico’s Conditional Cash Transfer Progam (October 28). Available

online at

http://www.cwda.org/downloads/tools/americanpoverty/OPORTUNIDADES.pdf.Retr

ieved

http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/programs/conditional

Chaudhury, N. et al. (2013, January 22). Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer

Program Impact Evaluation 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2014, from

http://www.dswd.gov.ph/download/Research/Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer

Program, Impact Evaluation 2012.pdf

Department of Social Welfare and Development. Retrieved from

http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/about-us

23
 QUESTIONNAIRE

I. Socio demographic profile of the 4Ps beneficiaries (Household Head)

Name:
Sex: ( ) Female ( ) Male
Highest Educational Attainment:
Source of Income: ______________
Age:
Civil Status: ( ) Single
( ) Married
( ) Widow/Widower
( )Separated
( )Live-in
( ) College Graduate
( ) College Undergraduate
( ) Vocational
( )High School Graduate
( ) High School Undergraduate
( ) Elementary Graduate
( ) Elementary Undergraduate
( ) No formal education

24
 Monthly income (in Pesos): ____________
Years of residency: ___________
No. of children qualified for the program: _______

II. Profile of Household members

A. Duration of membership in the program?
( ) Less than a month
( ) One year
( ) 2 years
( ) More than 3 years

B. Method of Beneficiary Selection of the program?

( ) Interviews by DSWD
( ) Endorsed by Barangay Officials
( ) Attended a seminar
( ) Passed an application
( ) NO answer

C. Source of information regarding the program

( ) TV/Radio/Newspaper
( ) Announcements from Barangay
( ) Neighborhood
( ) Internet
( )DSWD
( ) Others
D. How many are still studying? ________________
E. How many has already graduated in high school? In college? _________________

III. Utilization of cash grants

A. How much do you receive every month? _______________

B. Schedule of Cash release by the program

Once in every 1-2 months

Once in every 2-3 months

Once in every 4-5 months

Once in every 6 months

C. Respondents benefit by the program

( ) Cash Grants

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 ( )Maternal Care
( ) Education
( )Livelihood
Others: Please Specify ____________________

D. Allocation of cash grants according to daily needs

( ) Livelihood Capital
( )Educational subsidies for children in school
( )Household expenses
( )Medicines
Others: Please Specify ____________________

E. Is the cash grand enough to suffice your needs?

( ) Enough
( ) Not Enough

F. Problems encountered (Please put a check mark) 5 as the highest

ASPECT PROBLEM/ISSUE 5 4 3 2 1
Education Children have no
allowance in going to
school

Health Unequal benefits given

Economic Gambling
and
Livelihood No Regular Livelihood
Overall Only selected gets
program privileges

Pay out isn’t

received/delayed/reduced

The span of five years of

getting benefits from the
program is not enough

G. Perceived Effects
A. On Education
( ) Already graduated college and has a job
( ) Regular Schooling
( ) Improved regular schooling
( ) Being able to graduate Elementary
( ) Others: Please Specify ____________________

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B. On health
( )Regular maternal check-up
( )Regular vaccination and check-up for children
( ) Regular deworming for children twice a year
( ) Less maternal and children mortality rate
( ) Others: Please Specify ____________________

C. In terms of economic aspect

( ) House being constructed
( ) Acquired a parcel of land
( ) Bought properties
( ) Others: Please Specify ____________________

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