The TF-theory of screening subsumed a semiclassical approximation to the Schrdinger equation, and requires a slowly-varying potential (a point charges

potential was shown to satisfy this requirement). The effect of this 2 2 k was that the electron energy levels were only shifted by the potential directly: (k ) = 2 m e (r ) .
0 1 The Lindhard theory uses a perturbative expansion (k ) = k = k + k rather than the semiclassical

approximation ak F (k F r ) / (k F r ) << 1 (k )
2

2k 2 2m

e (r ) . We have1,

0 1 (r ) = e k f k k + k = e f k (V 1 + k q

e iqr + eiqr V (r )) 0 + ind (k ) (k + q )

ind

(q) = F[

ind

f k 1 q fk + 1 q e iqr + e iqr d 3k 2 (q ) 3 ; (r )] = e [ f k (e (r ))]e iq r d 3 r = e 2 2 2 (k q ) / m 4 kq (k ) (k + q)

2

(1.1)

Juxtaposing (1.1) with ind (q) (q) (q) , we have the susceptibility. Using fk 1 q = fk 2k q m
2

fk

+ O 2 (q ) , we

see what happens at k q << k F 2 and at k q ~ k F 2 , T = 0 (in which we use x =

q 2kF

and

d dk

2k 2m

),

2 (k q) 1 2 (k q) f k f d 3 k n d 3k e 2 ( ) [ fk + 2 f k ] 3 = e 2 2 k = e 2 0 = TF ; 3 f k 1 q fk + 1 q d 3 k 2m 2m 8 8 2 (1.2) (q) = e 2 2 2 (k q) / m 4 3 T = 0 2 +1 ( F k q /2 ) ( F k +q /2 ) k 2 dk 2 d 1 1 x2 1 x 2 mk F = e 2 2 ( + ); ln = e 2 kq / m 2 1+ x 4 3 4x 0 1

Thus, the Lindhard dielectric constant contains the physics of the semiclassical approximation.
Freidel oscillations: the Lindhard dielectric constant also contains more physics: (r >> a ) = r 3 cos(2k F r ) . We talk about these in chapter 26. Appendix evaluation of the integral

1 1 I (k F ) = k ' 2 V k k

k F +1

1 2 k 2dxdk 1 k 2 + k 2 2kk x 8 3V = 0

kF / k 1 4 2

1 k k / k +1 kF 1 x2 1 + x dk = ln ( ln + 1) (1.3) 2 k k / k 1 4 2 2 x 1 x

See SSP 02 - 352 - pr 05 - computing lindhard response function.