Physics 2nd year important questions 2021

Note: These questions are selected on the basis of past papers questions.
Short questions

 What are electric field lines? Write four properties of electric field lines.
 What is electric flux? From which factors it depends?
 What is Gaussian surface and surface charge density?
 Calculate the Intensity of field inside a hollow charged sphere?
 What is electric potential and potential difference?
 What is potential gradient? Write its relation.
1 newton 1 Volt

Prove that 1 colomb 1 meter
 What is eV? Prove that 1eV=1.6*10-19 J.
 Write two differences and similarities b/w electric and gravitational force.
 What is capacitance? Also define one farad.
 What is polarization and dipole?
 What is the effect of polarization of dielectric on capacitance of capacitor?
 What is time constant?
 What is ECG,ERG?
 How can you identify that which plate of capacitor is positively charged?
 If a point charge of mass m is released in a non-uniform electric field with field lines in the same direction
pointing, will it make a rectilinear motion.
 Is E necessarily zero inside a charged rubber balloon if the balloon is spherical.
 Do electrons tend to go to region of high potential or of low potential?
 Is it true that Gauss’s law states that the total number of lines of force crossing any closed surface in the
outward direction is proportional to the net positive charge enclosed within surface?
 What is difference between resistance and resistivity?
 What is rheostat? Write its two uses?
 What is thermistor? Write its one use.
 What is difference between emf and potential difference?
 State Kirchhoff current rule?
 Why potentiometer is proffered?
 Do bends in a wire affect its electrical resistance? Explain
 Why does the resistance of conductor rise with temperature?
 Is the filament resistance lower or higher in a 500 W, 220 V bulb than in a 100 W, 220 V bulb?
 Describe a circuit which will give a continuously varying potential.
 Explain why the terminal potential difference of a battery decreases when current drawn from itis increases.
 What is Wheatstone bridge? How can it be used to determine unknown resistance?
 What is magnetic flux and flux density?
 What is Lorentz force? Derive its formula.
 What is the function of Grid in CRO?
 What is CRO? Write two uses of CRO.
 What is AVO meter and digital multimeter?
 Describe the change in the magnetic field inside a solenoid carrying a steady current I, if (a) the length of the
solenoid is doubled, but the number of turns remains the same and (b) the number of turns is doubled, but the
length remains the same.
 Suppose that a charge q is moving in a uniform magnetic field with a velocity V. Why is there no work done
by the magnetic force that acts on the charge q?
 If a charged particle moves in a straight line through some region of space, can you say that the magnetic field
in the region is zero?
 Why does the picture on a TV screen become distorted when a magnet is brought near the screen?
 Is it possible to orient a current loop in a uniform magnetic field such that the loop will not tend to rotate?
Explain.
 How can a current loop be used to determine the presence of a magnetic field in a given region of space?
 How can you use a magnetic field to separate isotopes of chemical element?
 What is induced emf and induced current?
 What self induction and self inductance?
 What is electromagnetic induction?
 State Lenz law.
 Does the induced emf in a circuit depend on the resistance of the circuit? Does the induced current depend on
the resistance of the circuit?
 Does the induced emf always act to decrease the magnetic flux through a circuit?
 How would you position a flat loop of wire in a changing magnetic field so that there is no emf induced in the
loop?
 Show that  and  have the same units?
t
 Is it possible to change both the area of the loop and the magnetic field passing through the loop
and still not have an induced emf in the loop?
 What is impedance? Write its formula and unit?
 What is rms, peak to peak value of ac voltage?
 What is power in AC circuit?
 What is the principle of three phase AC supply? Write two uses.
 What is parallel resonant circuit? Write its two properties.
 A sinusoidal current has r.m.s value of 10A. What is the maximum or peak value?
 Name the device that will (a) permit flow direct current but oppose the flow of alternating current (b) permit
flow of alternating current but not the direct current.
 How many times per second will an incandescent lamp reach maximum brilliance when connected to a 50 Hz
source?
 How does doubling the frequency affect the reactance of (a) an inductor (b) a capacitor?
 In a R – L circuit, will the current lag or lend the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a vector diagram.
 What are stress and strain?
 What is young modulus and three types?
 What is proportional limit and elastic limit?
 What is UTS and fracture stress?
 What are ductile and brittle substance?
 What is strain energy?
 What is intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor?
 What is n-type and p-type substance?
 What are donor and acceptor impurities?
 What is superconductor, superconductivity? Write two applications.
 What is critical temperature and curie temperature?
 What are para, dia and ferromagnetic substance?
 What is hysteresis loss?
 What is retentivity and coercivity.
 What is rectification? Write its types.
 What is LED? Write its one use?
 What is difference between photo diode and photovoltaic cell?
 What is transistor? Draw figure for its two types.
 What is op-amplifier? Write its characteristics.
 How comparator works as night switch? Draw only diagram.
 How does the motion of an electron in an n-type substance differ from the motion of holes in a p-type
substance?
 What is the net charge on an n-type or a p-type substance?
 The anode of a diode is 0.2 V positive with respect to its cathode. Is it forward biased?
 Why charge carriers are not present in the depletion region?
 Why ordinary silicon diodes do not emit light?
 Why a photo diode is operated in reverse biased state?
 Why is the base current in a transistor very small?
 What is the biasing requirement of the junctions of a transistor for its normal operation?
 What is the principle of virtual ground?
 State Wien’s law and Steffen Boltzmann law.
 What is stopping potential and threshold frequency?
 What is work function? Write its formula unit?
 What is photocell? Write its two uses.
 What is pair production and annihilation of matter?
 State two forms of Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
 As a solid is heated and begins to glow, why does it first appear red?
 What happens to total radiation from a blackbody if its absolute temperature is doubled?
 Which photon, red, green, or blue carries the most (a) energy and (b) momentum?
 Which has the lower energy quanta? Radiowaves or X-rays?
 Does the brightness of a beam of light primarily depend on the frequency of photons or on the number of
photons?
 Will bright light eject more electrons from a metal surface than dimmer light of the same color?
 When light shines on a surface, is momentum transferred to the metal surface?
 Why don’t we observe a Compton Effect with visible light?
 Can pair production take place in vacuum? Explain.
 Is it possible to create a single electron from energy? Explain.
 We do not notice the de Broglie wavelength for a pitched cricket ball. Explain why?
 When does light behave as a wave as a particle?
 What advantages an electron microscope has over an optical microscope?
 State two postulates of Bohr atomic model.
 What is excitation potential and ionization potential?
 What are characteristics and continuous x-rays?
 Write two applications of x-rays?
 What is CAT scanner?
 Why electron cannot exist inside nucleus?
 What is LASER? Write its principle?
 What is stimulate emission and spontaneous emission?
 What He-Ne laser?
 Write two uses of LASER?
 Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom is based upon several assumptions. Do any of these postulate contradict
classical physics?
 Can the electron in the ground state of hydrogen absorb a photon of energy 13.6 eV and greater than 13.6 eV?
 Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
 What do we mean when we say that the atom is excited?
 Can X-rays be reflected, refracted, diffracted and polarized just like any other waves? Explain.
 What are the advantages of lasers over ordinary light?
 Explain why laser action could not occur without population inversion between atomic levels?
 What is mass defect and binding energy?
 What are alpha, beta and gamma decay?
 What is range of alpha particle? Upon which factors it depends?
 What is Wilson cloud chamber? Write its principle of working.
 What is GM counter? Write its principle.
 What is self quenching and electronic quenching?
 What are the properties of solid state detector?
 What is nuclear fission and fission chain reaction?
 What is fusion reaction?
 What is nuclear reactor? Write the function of moderator in nuclear reactor?
 What is thermal and fast reactor?
 How ozone layer is most important? And how it suspected?
 Write the names of four basic forces of nature?
 What are hadrons and leptons?
 Why are heavy nuclei unstable?
 If a nucleus has a half-life of 1 year, does this mean that it will be completely decayed after 2 years? Explain.
 What fraction of a radioactive sample decays after two half-lives have elapsed?
 Describe a brief account of interaction of various types of radiations with matter.
 A particle, which produces more ionization, is less penetrating? Why?
 What information is revealed by the length and shape of the tracks of an incident particle in Wilson cloud
chamber?
 Describe the principle of operation of a solid-state detector of ionizing radiation in terms of generation and
detection of charge carriers.
 What do we mean by the term critical mass and critical volume?
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power compared to the use of fossil fuel generated
power
 What factors make a fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
 Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of fusion power from the point of safety, and resources.
 What do you understand by “background radiation”? State two sources of this radiation.
 If someone accidently swallow an -source and a -source, which would be the more dangerous to him?
Explain why?

Extensive Questions
 What is electric flux? Calculate the electric flux through surface enclosing charge.
 State Gauss’s law. Calculate the electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge.
 State Gauss’s law. Calculate the electric field intensity between two oppositely parallel plates.
 What is absolute potential? Derive its relation
 What is Millikan oil drop method? Calculate the charge and radius of droplet.
 What is capacitance? Calculate the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor.
 What is capacitor? Calculate the energy stored in capacitor.
 Write a note on resistivity and its dependence upon temperature.
 State and explain kirchoff rules
 What is wheat stone bridge? Explain its construction and working.
 What is potentiometer? Explain its principle, construction and working.
 State Ampere law. Calculate the magnetic field due to solenoid.
 Calculate the formula for force due to moving charge placed in magnetic field.
 Explain the determination of charge to mass ratio of an electron.
 Explain the torque acting on current carrying coil placed in magnetic field.
 What is motional emf? Explain its relation.
 State and explain Faraday law of electromagnetic induction.
 What is mutual induction? Explain mutual inductance and its factors upon which it depends?
 What is inductor? Calculate the formula for energy stored in inductor.
 What is AC generator? Explain its construction and working.
 Explain the behavior of AC through capacitor OR Explain the behavior of AC through inductor.
 Write a note on RC and RL series circuit.
 Write a note on RLC series (Series resonant circuit).also writes its properties.
 What is strain energy? Calculate the strain energy in deformed materials.
 What is band theory of solids? Differentiate between conductor, insulators and semiconductor on the basis of
band theory of solids.
 What is amplifier? How transistor works as an amplifier? Calculate the gain.
 What is inverting amplifier? Calculate the gain.
 What is non inverting amplifier? Calculate the gain.
 What is photoelectric effect? Explain photo electric effect on the basis of photon theory.
 What is Compton Effect? Explain the relation for Compton shift.
 What is de-Broglie hypothesis? Explain Davisson and Germer experiment.
 State Three postulates of Bohr atomic model. Also explain de-broglie interpretation of Bohr postulate.
 What are X-rays? Explain the production of X-rays.
 What is LASER? Explain its principle and working.
 What is Wilson cloud chamber OR GM Counter OR Solid state detector; explain its construction and working.
 What is nuclear reactor explain its construction and working.
 What is mass defect and binding energy? Explain the binding energy curve.
 Numerical problems
 Two opposite point charges, each of magnitude q are separated by a distance 2d. What is the electric potential
at a point P mid-way between them?
 A particle carrying a charge of 2e falls through a potential difference of 3.0V. Calculate the energy acquired
by it.
 The time constant of a series RC circuit is t = RC. Verify that an ohm times farad is equivalent to second.
 Compare magnitudes of electrical and gravitational forces exerted on an object (mass = 10.0g, charge =
20.0C) by an identical object that is placed 10.0cm from the first.
 A particle having a charge of 20 electrons on it falls through a potential difference of 100 volts. Calculate the
energy acquired by it in electron volts (eV).
 The electronic flash attachment for a camera contains a capacitor for storing the energy used to produce the
flash. In one such unit, the potential difference between the plates of a 750F capacitor is 330V. Determine
the energy that is used to produce the flash.
8
 A capacitor has a capacitance of 2.5  10 F . In the charging process, electrons are removed from one
plate and placed on the other one. When the potential difference between the plates is 450V, how many
electrons have been transferred? e  1.60  10 19
C .
 0.75A current flows through an iron wire when a battery of 1.5V is connected across its ends. The length of
2.5  10 7 m 2 . Compute the resistivity of iron.
the wire is 5.0m and its cross sectional area is
 
 A platinum wire has resistance of 10 at 0 C and 20 at 273 C . Find the value of temperature
coefficient of resistance of platinum.
 The potential difference between the terminals of a battery in open circuit is 2.2V. When it is connected across
a resistance of 5.0, the potential fall to 1.8 V. Calculate the current and the internal resistance of the battery.
 A rectangular bar of iron is 2.0cm by 2.0cm in cross section and 40cm long. Calculate its resistance if the
8
resistivity of iron is 11  10 m .
 4 
 The resistance of an iron wire at 0 C is 1  10  . What is the resistance at 500 C the temperature
3 1
coefficient of resistance of iron is 5.2  10 K ?
 A solenoid 15.0cm long has 300 turns of wire. A current of 5.0A flows through it. What is the magnitude of
magnetic field inside the solenoid?
 Find the radius of an orbit of an electron moving at a rate of 2.0  107 ms 1 in a uniform magnetic field of
1.20  10 3 T .
 A power line 10.0m high carries a current 200A. Find the magnetic field of the wire at the ground.
 You are asked to design a solenoid that will give a magnetic field of 0.10T, yet the current must not exceed
10.0A.Find the number of turns per unit length that the solenoid should have.
 What current should pass through a solenoid that is 0.5m long with 10,000 turns of copper wire so that it will
have a magnetic field of 0.4T?
 Find the value of the magnetic field that will cause a maximum force of 7.0  10 3 N on a 20.0cm straight
wire carrying a current of 10.0A.
3
 How fast must a proton move in a magnetic field of 2.50  10 T such that the magnetic force is equal to
its weight?
 A velocity selector has a magnetic field of 0.30T. If a perpendicular electric field of 10,000 Vm-1 is applied,
what will be the speed of the particle that will pass through the selector?
 A coil of 0.1m  0.01m and of 200 turns carrying a current of 1.0mA is placed in a uniform magnetic
field of 0.1T. Calculate the maximum torque that acts on the coil.
 A metal rod of length 25cm is moving at a speed of 0.5 ms-1 in a direction perpendicular to a 0.25T magnetic
field. Find the emf produced in the rod.
 An emf of 0.45V is induced between the ends of a metal bar moving through a magnetic field of 0.22T. What
field strength would be needed to produce an emf of 1.5V between the ends of the bar, assuming that all other
factors remain the same?
 A solenoid has 250 turns and its self-inductance is 2.4 mH. What is the flux through each turn when the
current is 2 A? What is the induced emf when the current changes at 20As-1?
 A square coil of side 16cm has 200 turns and rotates in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.05T. If the
peak emf is 12V, what is the angular velocity of the coil?
2
 A coil of 10 turns and 35cm area is in a perpendicular magnetic field of 0.5T. The coil is 1.0s. Find the
induced emf in the coil as it pulled out of the field.
 An A.C. voltmeter reads 250V. What is its peak and instantaneous values if the frequency of alternating
voltage is 50 Hz?
 When 10V are applied to an A.C. circuit, the current flowing in it is 100 mA. Find its impedance.
 At what frequency will an inductor of 1.0 H have a reactance of 500?
 An alternating current is represented by the equation I=20sin100 t. Compute its frequency and the
maximum and r.m.s values of current.
 Find the value of the current and inductive reactance when A.C. voltage of 220V at 50Hz is passed through an
inductor of 10H.
 A 10 mH, 20 coils is connected across 240V and 180/ Hz source. How much power does it dissipate?
 Find the value of the current flowing through a capacitance 0.5F when connected to a source of 150V at
50Hz.
 What is the resonant frequency of a circuit, which includes a coil of inductance 2.5H and a capacitance
40F ?
 A 1.25cm diameter cylinder is subjected to a load of 2500kg. Calculate the stress on the bar in mega pascals.
 Nr: No.17.2: A 1.0m long copper wire is subjected to stretching force and its length increases by 20cm.
Calculate the tensile strain and the percent elongation which the wire undergoes.
 What stress would cause a wire to increase in length by 0.01% if the Young’s modulus of the wire is
12  1010 Pa . What force would produce this stress if the diameter of the wire is 0.56mm?
 The current flowing into the base of a transistor is100 A . Find its collector current IC, its emitter current IE
and the ratio IC/IE , if the value of current gain  is 100.
 In a certain circuit, the transistor has a collector current of 10 mA and a base current of 40A . What is the
current gain of the transistor?
 Find the energy of photo in
o Radiowave of wavelength 100m
o Green light of wavelength 550 nm
o X-ray with wavelength 0.2 nm
 X-rays of wavelength 22 pm are scattered from a carbon target. The scattered radiation being viewed at
85o to the incident beam. What is Compton shift?
 What is the maximum wavelength of the two photons produced when a positron annihilates an electron? The
rest mass energy of each is 0.51 MeV.
 What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron whose kinetic energy is 120 eV?
 Find the speed of the electron in the first Bohr orbit.
91
 The half-life of 38 Sr is 9.70 hours. Find its decay constant.
234
 The element 91 Pa is unstable and decays by -emission with a half-life 6.66 hours. State the nuclear
reaction and the daughter nuclei.
Best of luck!

Prepared by

Asad Abbas

Subject Specialist Physics

In case of any confusion
or guidlines about preperation 0303-9251414