Worksheet-5

BIOLOGY Practice Book

Worksheet-5 Q.7 The history of life is like a tree, with

multiple branching and rebranching
(Evolution)
from a common trunk, in view of:
Q.1 Charles Darwin was born in:
A) Darwin C) Lamarck
A) Cantbury
B) Cuvier D) Lyell
B) Shrewsbury in western England
Q.8 In Darwinian view, at each fork of
C) Eastern England
evolutionary tree is an ancestor common
D) Cantbury in Eastern England
to all lines branching from that:
Q.2 Darwin joined the expedition on Beagle
A) Tree C) Stem
to:
B) Trunk D) Fork
A) North American coastline
Q.9 Darwin suggested that populations of
B) South African coastline
individual species become better adapted
C) South American coastline
to their local environments through:
D) North African coastline
A) Artificial selection
Q.3 Darwin observed and collected thousands
B) Adaptation
of specimens of diverse:
C) Variation
A) Fauna of South America
D) Natural selection
B) Fauna and flora of South America
Q.10 Those individuals whose hereditary
C) Flora of South America
characteristics fit them best to their
D) Fauna and flora of North America
environment are likely to leave
Q.4 Most of the animal species on Galapagos:
________ than the less fit individuals:
A) Live nowhere else in the continents
A) More offspring C) No offspring
B) Live nowhere else in the world
B) Less offspring D) All offspring
C) Live everywhere in the world
Q.11 The unequal ability of individuals to
D) Live everywhere else in the continent
survive and reproduce will lead to
Q.5 Pick up the one not true about the
gradual change in a population, with
finches collected by Darwin on the
favorable characteristics accumulating
Galapagos:
over the generations, thus leading to the:
A) Although quite different seemed to be
A) Struggle for existence
of same species
B) Evolution of new species
B) Although quite similar, seemed to be
C) Overpopulation
different species
D) Persistence of species
C) Separated from original habitats by
Q.12 An important turning point for
geographical barriers
evolutionary theory was the birth of
D) Some were unique to individual islands
population genetics, which emphasizes
Q.6 Out of the 13 types of finches collected
the extensive genetic variation within
by Darwin from Galapagos:
populations and recognizes the
A) All were unique to individual islands
importance of:
B) Some were distributed on two or more
A) Qualitative characters
islands
B) Analytical characters
C) Some were unique to individual islands
C) Quantitative characters
D) Majority were unique to individual
D) Morphological characters
islands

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Q.13 With progress in population genetics Q.20 Most of the animal species on the ______
Mendelism and Darwinism were live no-where else in the world:
reconciled and the genetic basis of _____ A) South America C) Cape Verde
and _____ was worked out: B) North America D) Galapagos
A) Variation, artificial selection Q.21 It provides a visual record in a complete
B) Overpopulation, natural selection series showing the evolution of an
C) Variation, evolution organism:
D) Variation, natural selection A) Biogeography
Q.14 By the reconciliation of Mendelism and B) The fossil record
Darwinism, a comprehensive theory of C) Comparative anatomy
evolution was developed, that became to D) Molecular biology
be known as: Q.22 A respiratory protein found in all
A) Modern synthesis aerobic species is:
B) Modern Darwinism A) Plastocyanin
C) Neo synthesis B) Cytochrome C
D) Modern synthesis or Neo Darwinism C) Cytochrome f
Q.15 In “Modern Synthesis” or “Neo- D) Ferredoxine
Darwinism” the word synthesis depicts: Q.23 Main points of Darwin’s theory of
A) Origin of discoveries and ideas evolution are:
B) Integration of discoveries and ideas A) Origin of species, decent with
C) Modification of discoveries and ideas modification
D) Confirmation of discoveries and ideas B) Natural selection, adaptation
Q.16 Evolution leaves: C) Struggle for existence, evolution
A) No signs D) Decent with modification, natural
B) Observable signs selection and adaptation
C) Non-observable signs Q.24 Origin of species by Natural Selection
D) Visible signs included all, EXCEPT:
Q.17 Darwin’s theory of evolution was mainly A) Decent with modification
based on the evidence from the: B) Struggle for existence
A) Geographical distribution of species C) Survival of the fittest
B) Fossil record D) Mutation
C) Population genetics Q.25 The deepest strata of the earth contains
D) Geographical distribution of species fossils that are:
and fossil record A) Young and simple
Q.18 A mammal that lives only in America is: B) Old and complex
A) Armadillo C) Young and complex
B) Tasmanian Wolf D) Old and simple
C) Kangaroo Q.26 Darwin’s theory as presented in “The
D) Indus Dolphin origin of Species” mainly concerned:
Q.19 The evolutionary view of biogeography A) How new species arise
predicts that contemporary armadillos B) How adaptations evolve
are modified descendants of earlier C) The origin of life
species that occupied: D) The genetics of evolution
A) Distant continents
B) Neighboring continents
C) Other continents
D) These continents
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Q.27 The theory that explains evolution of Q.35 ________ provides a visual record in a
mitochondria and chloroplast on the complete series showing the evolution of
basis of two separate mutually an organism:
beneficial invasions of prokaryotic cells A) Molecular biology
is called: B) Biogeography
A) Catastrophism C) The fossil record/paleontology
B) Recapitulation D) Biochemistry
C) Membrane invagination Q.36 Descent with modification is:
D) Endosymbiotic theory A) Phyletic lineage C) Mutation
Q.28 Study of fishes called: B) Evolution D) Biodiversity
A) Orinthology C) Ichthylogy Q.37 Which one of the following pairs
B) Entomology D) Herpetology represents analogous features?
Q.29 Which one of the following is not true A) Insects wings and bat’s wings
about membrane enfolding hypothesis? B) Forelimb of mole and bird’s wings
A) Formation of endomembrane system C) Forelimb of man and bat’s wings
B) Membrane modification D) Forelimb of man and horse
C) Second membrane for protochloroplast Q.38 Most fossils are found in:
D) Second membrane dissolve A) Water
Q.30 _________ hypothesized that organism B) Sedimentary rocks
evolved through the inheritance of C) Igneous rocks
acquired characteristics: D) Metamorphic rocks
A) Darwin C) Aristotle Q.39 Homologous structures show ________
B) Lamarck D) Wallace evolution:
Q.31 ________ was the first person who A) Parallel C) Divergent
argued for evolution with evidence: B) Convergent D) Adaptive
A) Lamarck C) Aristotle Q.40 Analogous organs provide evidence for
B) Darwin D) Malthus ______ evolution:
Q.32 _______ believed in theory of special A) Convergent C) Parallel
creation: B) Divergent D) Adaptive
A) Lamarck C) Linnaeus Q.41 Forelimbs of human, cat’s paw and
B) Darwin D) Lyell front flipper of whale are examples of:
Q.33 Neo-Darwinism has integrated ideas A) Rudimentary organs
and discoveries from: B) Analogous organs
A) Genetics C) Homologous organs
B) Biochemistry D) Vestigial organs
C) Paleontology Q.42 Archaeopteryx possessed both ______
D) All above are correct as well as ______ characters:
Q.34 ________ means similarity due to A) Reptilian, amphibians
shared development: B) Reptilian, avain
A) Analogy C) Paleontology C) Fishes, avain
B) Homology D) Genetics D) Mammalian, avain
Q.43 ________ are the remains of members of
species that are ancestors to modern
species:
A) Population
B) Fossils
C) Vestigial organs
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D) Homologous organs
Q.44 They show chronological appearance of
the different classes of organisms:
A) Vestigial structures
B) Fossils
C) Homologous structures
D) Analogous structures
Q.45 The oldest known fossils are of:
A) Virus C) Plants
B) Bacteria D) Animals
Q.46 Who used the term “survival of the
fittest”?
A) Lamarck C) Herbert Spencer
B) Darwin D) Aristotle

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ANSWER KEY (Worksheet-5) Q.4 Answer is “Live nowhere else in the

1 B 18 A 35 C world”
2 C 19 D 36 B Explanation: A particularly puzzling case
3 B 20 D 37 A of geographical distribution was the fauna
4 B 21 B 38 B and flora of Galapagos Islands. Most of the
5 A 22 B 39 C animals species on the Galapagos live
6 C 23 D 40 A
nowwhere else in the World, although they
7 A 24 D 41 C
resemble species living on the South
American mainland.
8 D 25 D 42 B
Q.5 Answer is “Although quite different
9 D 26 A 43 B
seemed to be of same species”
10 A 27 D 44 B
Explanation: Among the birds Darwin
11 B 28 C 45 B
collected on the Galapagos were 13 types of
12 C 29 D 46 C
finches which were, although quite similar
13 D 30 B
but seemed to be of different species.
14 D 31 B Q.6 Answer is “Some were unique to
15 B 32 C individual islands”
16 B 33 D Explanation: Among the birds Darwin
17 D 34 B collected, on the Galapagos were 13 types
EXPLANATION of finches that, although quite similar
Q.1 Answer is “Shrewsbury in Western seemed to be different species. Some were
England” unique to individual islands, while other
Explanation: Charles Darwin was born in species were distributed on two or more
Shrewsbury, in Western, in 1809. islands that were close together.
Q.2 Answer is “South American coastline” Q.7 Answer is “Darwin”
Explanation: He was invited by the Explanation: In Darwinian view the
British Government to joint an expedition history of life is like a tree with multiple
of naturalists. That expedition was sent by branching and rebranching from a
British Govt. to study the fauna and flora common trunk all the way to the tips of the
of South American coastline. It is called living twigs, symbolic of the current
Beagle’s Voyage, as the ship was H.M.S diversity of organisms. At each fork of the
Beagle. evolutionary tree is an ancestor common to
all lines of evolution branching from that
fork.
Q.8 Answer is “Fork”
Explanation: In Darwinian view the
history of life is like a tree with multiple
branching and rebranching from a
common trunk all the way to the tips of the
living twigs, symbolic of the current
Q.3 Answer is “Fauna and flora of South diversity of organisms. At each fork of the
America” evolutionary tree is an ancestor common to
Explanation: Darwin observed and all lines of evolution branching from that
collected thousands of specimens of fork.
diverse fauna and flora of South America.

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Q.9 Answer is “Natural selection”
Explanation: Natural selection promotes
the adaptation which are fit to the
environment. Darwin suggested that
populations of individual species become
better adapted to their local environments
through natural selection.
Q.10 Answer is “More offspring”
Explanation: It is in accordance with the
principle of the Survival of the fittest.
Q.11 Answer is “Evolution of new species”
Explanation: This is evolution through
natural selection.
Q.12 Answer is “Quantitative characters”
Explanation: Population genetics is
mostly based on quantitative characters.
Q.13 Answer is “Variation and natural
selection”
Explanation: Population genetics explains
the variations and natural selection.
Q.14 Answer is “Modern synthesis or neo
Darwinism”
Explanation: With the progress in
population genetics in 1930s, Mendalism
and Darwinism were reconciled and the
genetic basis of variation and natural
selection was worked out.
Q.15 Answer is “Integration of discoveries
and ideas”
Explanation: It is called synthesis because
it integrated discoveries and ideas from
many different fields including
paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography
and of course population genetics.
Q.16 Answer is “Observable signs”
Explanation: Evolution leaves observable
signs in the form of fossils, vestigial
organs, analogous organs and homologous
organs etc.
Q.17 Answer is “Geographical distribution of
species and fossil record”
Explanation: It was impact of Beagl’s
Voyage.
Q.18 Answer is “Armadillo”
Explanation: It is an example of
geographical distribution. Armadillo is
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also called armored mammal. It is only
found in America.
Q.19 Answer is “These continents”
Explanation: The fossil record confirms
that such ancestor existed in past as well.
Q.20 Answer is “Galapagos”
Explanation: Charles Darwin joined the
expedition on H.M.S. Beagle to south
American coastline. He observed and
collected thousands of specimens of
diverse fauna and flora of South America.
A particularly puzzling case geographical
distribution was the fauna of Galapagos
islands. Most of the animal species on
Galapagos live nowhere else in the world,
although they resemble species living on
the South American mainland. It was as
though the Islands were colonized by
plants and animals that strayed from the
South American mainland and then
diversified on different islands.
Q.21 Answer is “The fossil record”
Explanation: The succession of fossil
forms is a strong evidence in favour of
evolution. It provides a visual record in a
complete series showing the evolution of
an organism. For instance, evidence from
biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell
biology places prokaryotes as the
ancestors of all life, and predicts that
bacteria should precede all eukaryotic life
in the fossil record. Indeed, the oldest
known fossils are prokaryotes.
Q.22 Answer is “Cytochrome C”
Explanation: Evolutionary relationships
among species are reflected in their DNA
and proteins in their genes and gene
products. If two species have genes and
proteins with sequences of monomers that
match closely, the sequences must have
been copied from a common ancestor. For
example, a common genetic code brings
evidence that all life is related. Molecular
biology has thus provided strong evidence
in support of evolution as the basis for the
unity and diversity of life. Similarly,
taxonomically remote organisms, such as
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humans and bacteria, have some proteins
in common. For instance, cytochrome c, a
respiratory protein is found in all aerobic
species.
Q.23 Answer is “Decent with modification,
natural selection and adaptation”
Explanation: The four key points of
Darwin's Theory of Evolution are:
individuals of a species are not identical;
traits are passed from generation to
generation; more offspring are born than
can survive; and only the survivors of the
competition for resources will reproduce.
Q.24 Answer is “Mutation”
Explanation: Origin of species by
Natural Selection included Decent with
modification, Struggle for existence and
Survival of the fittest.
Q.25 Answer is “Old and simple”
Explanation: The deepest strata of the
earth contains fossils that are old and
simple.
Q.26 Answer is “How new species arise”
Explanation: Darwin’s theory as
presented in “The origin of Species”
mainly concerned how new species arise.
Q.27 Answer is “Endosymbiotic theory”
Explanation: The theory that explains
evolution of mitochondria and chloroplast
on the basis of two separate mutually
beneficial invasions of prokaryotic cells is
called endosymbiotic theory.
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Q.28 Answer is “Ichthylogy”
Explanation:
Orinthology Study of birds
Entomology Study of insects
Ichthylogy Study of fishes
Study of
Herpetology amphibians and
reptiles
Q.29 Answer is “Second membrane dissolve”
Explanation: The invasions of the host
prokaryotes cell probably were successful
because the host cell membrane infolded
to surround both invading prokaryotes
cells and thereby help transport them into
the cell. The membrane did not dissolve
but remained intact, and thereby created a
second membrane around the
protomitochondria and protochloroplast.
Q.30 Answer is “Lamarck”
Explanation: Lamarck hypothesized that
organism evolved through the inheritance
of acquired characteristics. The earliest
theory of organic evolution, was that of the
French Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-
1829), first a soldier, then botanist and
finally a professor of zoology in Paris,
whose Philosophic Zoologique was
published in 1809. Lamarck gave an
explanation of evolution, based on the
inheritance of acquired characters.
Q.31 Answer is “Darwin”
Explanation: Darwin was the first person
who argued for evolution with evidence.
Q.32 Answer is “Linnaeus”
Explanation: Creationism, the idea that
each species was created individually by
God and never changed thereafter, reigned
unchallenged for nearly 2000 years. As
European naturalists explored the newly
discovered lands of Africa, Asia and
America, they found that the diversity of
living things was much greater than
anyone had suspected. Creationists
believed in the theory of Special
Creation, whereas evolutionists believed
in the Theory of Natural Selection.
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According to the theory of special paw, horse front leg (running) and front
creation, all living things came into flipper of whale (swimming), all consist of
existence in their present forms especially same number of bones, muscles, nerves
and specifically created by Nature. Among and blood vessels arranged in the same
the scientists who believed in divine pattern with similar mode of developments
creation was Carolus Linnaeus (1707- Q.42 Answer is “Reptilian, avain”
1778).
Explanation: Archaeopteryx, the fossil
Q.33 Answer is “All above are correct”
bird, discovered from rocks in East
Explanation: A comprehensive theory of
Germany. This bird possessed both
evolution that became known as the
reptilian as well as avian characters.
modern synthesis or Neo-Darwinism was
developed in the early 1940s. It is called a Q.43 Answer is “Fossils”
synthesis because it integrated discoveries Explanation: Fossils are the remains of
and ideas from many different fields, members of species that are ancestors to
including paleontology, taxonomy, modern species. So a progressive series of
biogeography and of course, population fossils leading from an ancient, primitive
genetics. organism, through several intermediated
Q.34 Answer is “Homology” stages and end in modern form, provide a
Explanation: The term homology means strong evidence of evolution.
“similarity due to shared development Q.44 Answer is “Fossils”
pathways”. Homology can thus be Explanation: Fossils show chronological
recognized when structures evolve from appearance of the different classes of
the same precursor cells in embryos. organisms.
Q.35 Answer is “The fossil record”
Explanation: The fossil record provides a Q.45 Answer is “Bacteria”
visual record in a complete series showing Explanation: The oldest known fossils are
the evolution of an organism. of bacteria.
Q.36 Answer is “Evolution” Q.46 Answer is “Herbert Spencer”
Explanation: Descent with modification Explanation: Herbert Spencer used the
is evolution. term “survival of the fittest”.
Q.37 Answer is “Insects wings and bat’s
wings”
Explanation: Insects wings and bat’s
wings are not homologous features.
Q.38 Answer is “Sedimentary rocks”
Explanation: Most fossils are found in
sedimentary rocks.
Q.39 Answer is “Divergent”
Explanation: Homologous structures
show divergent evolution.
Q.40 Answer is “Convergent evolution”
Explanation: Analogous organs provide
evidence for convergent evolution.
Q.41 Answer is “Homologous organs”
Explanation: Forelimbs of human
(grasping), a bat’s wing (flying), cat’s
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