COURSE CODE: SBI3U

Unit 3: Evolution

UNIT TEST#3

Section A. Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)

Directions: Place the letter of the answer that is most correct on the line provided.
1. Darwin used ideas from this individual to come up with the idea that there is a
struggle for existence. k
(a) Cuvier
(b) Hutton
(c) Malthus
(d) Lyell Answer: ___c____

2. This individual proposed a theory similar to Darwin’s natural selection theory around
the same time. k
(a) Wallace
(b) Malthus
(c) Lamarck
(d) Cuvier Answer: __c_____

3. With the onset of industrialization, the population frequencies of dark grey peppered
moths increased. How would Darwin have explained this? a
(a) There was a need for better camouflage in the changed environment and so the
lighter moths became darker.
(b) The dark grey peppered moths were more camouflaged so they survived to
reproduce more offspring than light peppered moths.
(c) Dark grey peppered moths migrated into the region.
(d) A harmful mutation arose in light peppered moths that caused them to
die off. Answer: __b_____

4. Which of the following scenarios best describes stabilizing selection? k

(a) The evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria occurred.
(b) The environment favoured rabbits with white fur and rabbits with dark fur.
(c) Average-sized babies are more frequent than large or small babies.
(d) Only bacteria that can withstand hot temperatures survive around
a volcano. Answer: ___C____

5. Which of the following scenarios describes the founder effect? k

(a) a random change in genetic frequencies in a small population
 (b) the movement of individuals from one population into another
(c) a change in the genetic frequencies in a population due to a change in
the environment
(d) the establishment of a population in a new region Answer: __A_____

6. When is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium maintained? k

(a) Random mating occurs among monkeys.
(b) A florist maintains chrysanthemums.
(c) A population of tigers is forced to migrate into a new area in Samoa due to
habitat destruction.
(d) Mutations occur in a population of spiders. Answer: __B_____

7. Some species of insects have wings that are reduced in size and are never used for
flying. What are these wings examples of? k
(a) acquired traits
(b) analogous structures
(c) poor adaptations
(d) vestigial structures Answer: ___d____

8. Which of the following statements about the origin of life is false? k

(a) Miller-Urey experiment shows how organic compounds could have formed from
the primordial soup.
(b) Photosynthetic prokaryotes contributed to carbon dioxide gas in the
atmosphere.
(c) Earth’s initial environment was hot and volatile.
(d) Prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotes. Answer: ___a____

9. What must happen for speciation to occur? k

(a) Populations need to be geographically isolated.
(b) A large number of mutations must accumulate within a population.
(c) Populations need to be reproductively isolated.
(d) Individuals from two separate populations must produce offspring. Answer: c__

10. What does the discovery of species such as Ardipethicus ramidus show? k
(a) Larger brain size developed early in hominid evolution.
(b) The common ancestor of apes and humans is likely to have had half the
features of humans and half the features of apes.
(c) Bipedalism developed early in hominid evolution.
(d) Early hominids occupied all areas of the world early in history. Answer: __b__
Section B. Matching Questions (10 marks)
Directions: Place the letter of the choice from Column 2 next to its match in Column 1.
k
Column 1
Vocabulary Terms
11. bipedalism
12. co-evolution
13. disruptive selection
14. gametic isolation
15. genetic drift
16. gradualism
17. homologous structures
18. inheritance of acquired
characteristics
19. sexual selection
20. temporal isolation
Column 2
Choices
I A. Finches with large beaks and small
beaks are favoured over those with
medium beaks.
D B. A bird’s wing and a dog’s leg are
examples of this type of structure.
A C. An earthquake hits and the population
is reduced by 60 percent, which
reduces genetic diversity.
H D. A zebra needs stripes to camouflage
itself in the environment, so it develops
the trait and passes it on.
C E. A male black widowbird has a much
longer tail than its female counterpart.
F F. The gradual change of a horse’s limb in
the fossil record is an example of this.
B G. Different cacti flowers bloom during
different times.
J H. The sperm of a catfish does not fertilize
the egg of a trout.
E I. The monarch butterfly is immune to the
poison of the milkweed.
G J. This derived character is unique to
australopithecines and the Homo
genus.
Section C. Short Answer Questions (30 marks)
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

21. Use an example to describe the difference between the two terms in each of the
following pairs: a
(a) gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

As we know gradualism is a hypothesis model of evolution that occurs gradually

in along period of time, however ,in punctuated equilibrium changes occurs in a
short period of time and rapidly base on these so we can assume a bunch of
insects that has been killed by a poison but the next generation would be more
stronger to not get killed by that poison and if this mutation happens gradually it
means its gradualism but if it took place in a short period of time it means it’s a
punctuated equilibrium.

(b) natural selection and genetic drift

(c) microevolution and macroevolution

Based on macroevolution definition is long time scale that create or destroy

species And as we know mammoths destroyed over a long period of time
which shows Microevolution clearly. Microevolution is based on short time scale
events( generation to generation) that changes phenotype and genotype of the
population and for instance we can mention peppered moths that by the time
they changed and separated to two different group.
22. Darwin’s observations and theory built upon the work of others. Choose two other
scientists and describe how their ideas influenced Darwin. c

23. A new hominid species has been discovered in Europe. Describe three different
types of evidence that can be used to establish its evolutionary relationship with
modern humans. a

24. The following data shows the population frequencies of tomatoes over a period of
time. t

1975 1990 2005

(percent) (percent) (percent)
Yellow tomatoes 20 15 5

Green tomatoes 80 50 30

Red tomatoes 20 35 65
 (a) Sketch a graph of the data to show the change in frequencies of the
phenotypes for each year. Give your graph a title.

(b) What type of selection is occurring? natural selection

25. A green tomato variety has been genetically engineered to withstand cold
temperatures by inserting a fish gene into it.
(a) Discuss the effect this would have on the frequencies of green tomatoes in
different parts of the world. a

(b) Some people do not believe we should allow the growth of genetically modified
food in the natural environment. Explain one argument against the growth of
genetically modified food. c

26. Use the following data to construct a cladogram. Show the derived characters on
the cladogram. t

Multicellular Hair Limbs Placenta

Marsupial mouse    x
Rat    
Amoeba x x x x
Lizard  x  x
Salmon  x x x

27. Describe the steps that occurred in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes. k

28. A natural forest fire sweeps over an area in Algonquin Park. a

(a) Describe how this would affect the deer population.

 This population might get involve into a genetic drift that it’s one of the forces that
changes allele frequencies that this can reduce number of a large population to a
few population.

(b) How can forest fires actually help certain types of flora?

Forest fires are a natural and part of ecosystem . Even healthy forests
contain dead trees and hiding the other plant is a matter; when a fire turns
them to ashes, nutrients return to the soil instead of remaining in old tree or
plant. And, when fire starts , the plants that are thick growth and cause of
them sunlight cannot reach the forest floor with this incidents , this can
encourage the growth of native species. Fire frees these plants from the
competition delivered by invasive weeds and eliminates diseases or droves of
insects that they are causing damage to old growth.

(c) An endangered owl species living in Algonquin Park is threatened by the forest
fire. Describe one way we can protect this population.

A geographical isolation can be a solution which we can isolate a part of the

forest for these specific population to preserve them from natural fire

29. (a) What is the difference between geographical and habitat isolation? k

(b) Give an example of each.

Ecological, or habitat, isolation occurs when two species that are able to do interbreed
but they cannot and the reason is the species live in different areas. For example, in
India both the lion and tiger exist and are capable of interbreeding; however, the lion
lives in the grasslands and the tiger lives in the forest, however, in geographical
isolation is little bit different which is known as physical barriers that exist that keep two
species from mating. For example, a species of monkey that is located on an island
cannot breed with another species of monkey on the mainland. The water and distance
between the two species keep them isolated from one another and make it impossible
for them to breed

30. The hawkmoth caterpillar changes its appearance when it is disturbed so that it
looks more like a dangerous snake than a caterpillar. a

(a) What is the advantage of this behaviour?

As we know the this action is counting as mimicry and this can help them to
adapt more to their environment and as a result of this action as much as they
 adapt to their environment they survive more and reproduce more and make
more off spring and basically protect the species from predators.

(b) What type of adaptation is this? Mimicry

(c) How can the evolution of such a trait in the hawkmoth caterpillar affect another
species? This can effect the other species(predators) diet as well and they may
not find food easily and even cause of lack of food supplies this might leads to
death.