Chapter 5 Evolution and Biodiversity exercises IB SL

Part 1 - Choose the correct answer.

The gradual change in a species over time is called ____________.

a) Evolution
b) Nucleotide
c) Adaptation
d) Natural Selection

Darwin believed that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment/best able to survive and reproduce
(organisms that are the "fittest") will ________________.

a) become extinct
b) increase in number
c) have a population that remains the same in number
d) decrease in number

The feathers of a snowy owl gradually changed to white to allow it to blend in with its environment during the winter
months (with snow). This inherited characteristic is an example of ________________

a) Species
b) Environmental Change
c) Adaptation
d) Variation

The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution. How did this change affect
peppered moths living in the area?

a) Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored
(dark) trees.
b) Natural selection favored moths with white wings that were easy for predators to see.
c) Natural selection favored moths with white wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored
(dark) trees.
d) Natural selection caused moths with white wings to become extinct.

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

a) the wings of a red-tailed hawk

b) the hind limbs of a house cat
c) the fins of sharks
d) the tailbone of a human

_______ ___________ are found in different species and have the same function, but different structures (the species
in which these are found do not share a common ancestor). Examples include the wings of insects and birds.

a) Homologous structures
b) Analogous structures
c) Structural adaption
d) Functional adaption

A virus killed most of the seals in the North Sea (e.g. dropped the population from 8000 to 800). In an effort to help
preserve the species, scientists caught 20 of the remaining seals and used them to start a new population in the
northwest Pacific Ocean. Which of the following statements would accurately describe the new population?

a) The new seal population is genetically less diverse than the original population
b) The new seal population is genetically more diverse than the original population
c) There is equal genetic variety compared to the original population
d) The "new" seals will turn into monsters and control the ocean.
What process is being shown in this image?

a) Variation
b) Natural Selection
c) Selective Breeding
d) Homeostasis

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the process of natural selection?

a) Overpopulation
b) Fossils
c) Competition
d) Variations

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed on to offspring?

a) Because the organisms with these traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b) Because the organisms with these traits come from recessive alleles.
c) Because the organisms with these traits come from dominant alleles.
d) Because the organisms with these traits have acquired phenotypes.

Which type of evolution shows a common ancestor (but over time, the organisms develop into many different
species)?

a) convergent evolution
b) Analogous structures
c) adaptive radiation
d) None of the above

A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with a pesticide. A few of the cockroaches survived and produced a
population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. What can be inferred from this example?

a) The roaches with favorable resistant variations survive and reproduce.

b) The environment has no effect on the survival of an organism.
c) Pesticides cause harmful mutations that are passed on to the next generation.
d) The roaches will turn into monsters and take over the environment.

Which of the following represent homologous structures? Circle all that apply.
a) Wings in birds and insects
b) The appendix in humans and horses 
c) Fins in fish and wings in birds
d) The striped coat of the zebra and the tiger

Which of the following is the driving force of natural selection?

a) Any individual in a population can be selected entirely by chance.
b) After a change in the environment a species will evolve adaptations to the new conditions
c) If an adaptation to the environment is useful, an individual will develop it and pass it onto its offspring.
d) Variations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment.
 e)

Which process tends to reduce variety within a population?

a) Natural selection
b) Random fertilization
c) Independent assortment
d) Crossing over

Part 2 - Answer the following questions.

Use the picture below to describe the reason we can assume bats and whales are related to each other.

Describe an example of artificial selection.

List the 3 ways variation is created within a species.

Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?

Discuss the definition of the term adaptive radiation.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of evolution in response to environmental change. Using another example,
explain how an environmental change can lead to evolution.

Explain why Galagapos Island contain a variety of finches with different beak shapes.

How is selective breeding a piece of evidence for evolution? Give an example

Define speciation

State the 3 domains of life.

State the hierarchy of taxa.

Identify each type of fish according to the dichotomous key given below.

Define clade and cladogram

Clade: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Cladogram: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Explain how biochemical evidence can be used to demonstrate evolutionary relationships

With the aid of the diagram, explain the advantages of mitochondrial DNA as a phylogenetic tool.
Give two examples of when molecular evidence was used to reclassify existing schemes.

Explain the concept of the ‘molecular clock’ as a means of dating evolutionary relationships.
Construct a simple cladogram from the following information.

Taxa Characteristics

Bat Fur, jaws, lungs, mammary glands

Eagle Jaws, lungs

Kangaroo Fur, jaws, lungs

Shark Jaws

Chimpanzee Fur, jaws, lungs, mammary glands, opposable thumbs