GeneticsChapter2

51Questions

GeneticsChapter2

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QuestionsandAnswers
1. Adiploidsomaticcellfromarathasatotalof42chromosomes(2n=42).Asinhumans,sexchromosomesdeterminesex:XX
infemalesandXYinmales.WhatisthetotalnumberoftelomeresinaratcellinG2?

A.21

B.42

C.84

D.126

E.168

2. Adiploidsomaticcellfromarathasatotalof42chromosomes(2n=42).Asinhumans,sexchromosomesdeterminesex:XX
infemalesandXYinmales.WhatisthetotalnumberofchromosomespresentinthecellduringmetaphaseIofmeiosis?

A.21

B.42

C.84

D.126

E.168

3. Adiploidsomaticcellfromarathasatotalof42chromosomes(2n=42).Asinhumans,sexchromosomesdeterminesex:XX
infemalesandXYinmales.WhatisthetotalnumberofchromosomespresentinthecellduringmetaphaseIofmeiosis?
(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/104679/diploidsomaticcellfromtotalchromosomesinhumansdetermi)
Discuss(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/104679/diploidsomaticcellfromtotalchromosomesinhumansdetermi)

A.21

B.40

C.41
 D.42

E.84

4. Adividingeukaryoticcellistreatedwithadrugthatinhibitsthemolecularmotorsassociatedwithkinetochores.Atwhichcell
cyclestagewoulditstop?

A.G1

B.S

C.G2

D.M(anaphase)

E.M(telophase)

5. AeukaryoticcellinG1hasamutationthatpreventscyclinBfrombeingmade.Atwhichcellcyclestagewouldthiscellstop?

A.G1

B.S

C.G2

D.M(anaphase)

E.M(telophase)

6.

Thefigureshowsachromosomalseparationtakingplace.Thelettersstandforgenescapitalandlowercasestandfordifferent
alleles.Thediploidchromosomenumberinthisorganismisfour.Whatprocessisshown?
(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/481694/figureshowschromosomalseparationtakingplaceletterssta)
Discuss(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/481694/figureshowschromosomalseparationtakingplaceletterssta)

A.Anaphaseofmitosis

B.TelophaseofmeiosisI

C.AnaphaseofmeiosisI

D.Telophaseofmitosis

E.AnaphaseofmeiosisII

7. Errorsinchromosomeseparationarerarelyaproblemforanorganism.

A.True

B.False

8. Theprokaryotesincludeboththeeubacteriaandthearchaea.

A.True

B.False

9. Archaeaaremorecloselyrelatedtoeukaryotesthantheyaretoeubacteria.

A.True

B.False

10.Generally,chromosomesofeukaryotesarecircular.

A.True
 B.False

11.Cellswithasinglesetofchromosomesarecalleddiploid.

A.True

B.False

12.Inafloweringplant,themalepartoftheflower(thestamen)produceshaploidmicrosporocytecellsthatdivideby
_____(a)_______toproducesperm.Apollengrainthatlandsonastigmagrowsapollentubeto
deliver_____(b)_______(howmany?)spermtotheovary.Fusionofaspermwithaneggproducesa_____(c)_______ncell
calleda_____(d)_______.Toprovidefoodforthedevelopingembryo,atissuecalledendospermisproducedthroughdouble
fertilization.Endospermhasaploidyof_____(e)_______n.answers:(a,b,c,d,e)

13.Inprokaryotes,replicationusuallybeginsataspecificplaceonthechromosomecalled____________

14.The____________isthehighlyorganizedinternalscaffoldingofthenucleus.

15.Theattachmentpointonthechromosomeforspindlemicrotubulesisthe_____________.

16.____________referstothesplittingofthecytoplasm,separatingonecellintotwo.

17.Prokaryoticchromosomesdonothavetelomeresbecause:

A.Theydonotgothroughmitosis.

B.TheydonotgothroughDNAreplication.

C.Theyareinthecytoplasm.

D.Theyarecircular.

E.Theyhavenocentromeres.

18.Ineukaryotes,chromosomesdonotcontain:

A.Proteases

B.Chromatin

C.Proteins

D.Histones

E.DNA

19.Inordertobefunctional,achromosomerequiresallofthefollowingexcept:

A.Centromeres

B.Originsofreplication

C.Nucleomeres

D.Telomeres

20.Whatprocessisuniquetoplants?

A.Meiosis

B.Doublefertilization

C.Crossingover

D.Haploidgametes

E.Spermatogenesis

21.Chromosomesareinunseparated,sisterchromatidform,attheendofthephase(s)

A.MeiosisIprophase

B.MeiosisIanaphase
 C.MeiosisIIprophase

D.MeiosisIIanaphase

E.Mitosisprophase

F.Mitosisanaphase

22.Thefirststageafterwhichadividingcellthatstartedasadiploidwouldbehaploid

A.MeiosisIprophase

B.MeiosisIanaphase

C.MeiosisIIprophase

D.MeiosisIIanaphase

E.Mitosisprophase

F.Mitosisanaphase

23.Sisterchromatidsseparateduring

A.MeiosisIprophase

B.MeiosisIanaphase

C.MeiosisIIprophase

D.MeiosisIIanaphase

E.Mitosisprophase

F.Mitosisanaphase

24.Chromosomesarerandomlypartitionedduring_____,contributingtogeneticdiversity.

A.MeiosisIprophase

B.MeiosisIanaphase

C.MeiosisIIprophase

D.MeiosisIIanaphase

E.Mitosisprophase

F.Mitosisanaphase

25.Crossingover(geneticrecombination)occursin_________.

A.MeiosisIprophase

B.MeiosisIanaphase

C.MeiosisIIprophase

D.MeiosisIIanaphase

E.Mitosisprophase

F.Mitosisanaphase

26.Peaplantshavesevendifferenttypesofchromosomes.TrueorFalse?AdiploidpeacellinG1has14centrioles.

A.True

B.False

27.Peaplantshavesevendifferenttypesofchromosomes.Thenucleusofamegasporeinapeaovarywouldcontainhowmany
chromosomes?

28.Peaplantshavesevendifferenttypesofchromosomes.Anucleusinthepeaendospermcontainshowmanychromosomes?

29.Achromosomewithacentromereattheveryendiscalled
 A.Submetacentric

B.Metacentric

C.Acrocentric

D.Acentric

E.Telocentric

30.DuringprophaseIofmeiosis,crossingoverisindicatedbywhatmicroscopicallyvisiblestructure?

A.Telomere

B.Mitoticcell

C.Chiasmata(chiasma)

D.Thesynaptonemalcomplex

E.Noneoftheabove

31.Listdifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis.(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/337522/listdifferencesbetweenmitosis
andmeiosis)
Discuss(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/337522/listdifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis)

A.Mitosisoccursinsomatic(nonsex)cellsmeiosisoccursinsexcellstoproducegametes.

B.Meiosisinvolveschromosomepairing(ofhomologouschromosomes)mitosisdoesnot.

C.Mitosisproducesnonsexcellsmeiosisproducesgametes.

D.MitosishastwoconsecutivedivisionsMeiosishasone.

E.Mitosisproducescellsofthesameploidymeiosisproduceshaploidcellsfromdiploidcells.

F.Meiosishastwoconsecutivedivisionsmitosishasone.

G.Mitosisinvolveschromosomepairing(ofhomologouschromosomes)meiosisdoesnot.

H.Mitosisproducesidenticaldaughtercellsmeiosisproducesfourdifferentdaughtercells.

32.Listsimilaritiesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/337526/listsimilaritiesbetweenmitosisand
meiosis)
Discuss(https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/337526/listsimilaritiesbetweenmitosisandmeiosis)

A.Bothinvolvetheseparationofreplicatedchromosomesduringcelldivision.

B.Cytokinesisusuallyoccursatthebeginningofeach.

C.Bothareprocessestoensurethatdaughtercellsincelldivisionreceiveacompletesetofchromosomes.

D.DNAreplicationoccursafterCytokinesis

E.DNAreplicationmustoccurfirst.

F.Cytokinesisusuallyoccursattheendofeach.

33.Thecompletegeneticmakeupofanyorganismisitsgenome.Ageneisaunitofthatgenome.Ageneisasectionofa
chromosomethatencodesanRNAmoleculeorasinglepolypeptide(protein).

A.True

B.False

34.Acentromereisthephysicallocationonachromosomewherethekinetochoreandspindlemicrotubulesattach.The
kinetochoreiscomposedofproteinsthatassembleonthecentromeretoprovideasiteforthespindlemicrotubulestoattach.

A.True

B.False

35.G1occursbeforeSphaseandG2occursafterSphase.DuringG1,cellsgrowinsize,chromosomesarecomposedofasingle
chromatid,andcyclinBlevelsarelow.DuringG1,cellspassacriticalcheckpoint(theG1/Scheckpoint)afterwhichtheyare
 committedtoundergoingcelldivision.DuringG2,thechromosomesarecomposedoftwochromatidsandcyclinBlevelsrise.
ThereisanothercheckpointduringG2thatensurescellsarepreparedformitosis.CellstypicallyspendmoretimeinG1thanin
G2.

A.True

B.False

36.Homologouschromosomeshavedifferentalleles.Sisterchromatidsareduplicatesand(exceptforerrorsinreplication)are
identicalinsequence.

A.True

B.False

37.HomologspairandsegregateinmeiosisI.SisterchromatidsarepairedandsegregateinmeiosisII.Crossingoveroccursin
meiosisI,butnotinmeiosisII.

A.True

B.False

38.Thesporophyteisthediploidphaseofaplantlifecycle.Thegametophyteisthehaploidstage.

A.True

B.False

39.Virusescanreproduceonlywithinhostcells.Thus,theymusthaveevolvedaftercells.

A.True

B.False

40.Whatfeatureofmeiosisproducesgeneticvariabilityingametes?

A.IndependentAssortment

B.CrossingOver

C.Chromosomes

D.AandBarecorrect

41.InmeiosisImetaphaseandanaphasenonhomologouschromosomesdistributerandomly.Alignmentandseparationofone
pairofhomologouschromosomesisindependentofhowadifferentpairseparates.Differentgameteshavedifferent
combinationsofthepaternallyderivedandmaternallyderivedchromosomes.Thesechromosomeshavedifferentallelesforthe
samegenes,sothegameteshavedifferentcombinationsofalleles.

A.True

B.False

42.Crossingover.InmeiosisIprophaseportionsofhomologouschromosomesexchange,changingcombinationsofallelesof
genesonasinglechromosome,sonotevensisterchromatidsareidenticalaftercrossingover.Eachgametehasonlyonecopy
ofeachhomolog,andeachhomolognowhasauniquecombinationofalleles.

A.True

B.False

43.

A.ApairoftelocentrichomologouschromosomesastheywouldappearinG2.Indicatecentromereswithasmallcircle,andplacetheallelesA
 andaoneachofthechromatids.

B.ApairoftelocentricheterozygouschromosomesastheywouldappearinG2.Indicatecentromereswithasmallcircle,andplacetheallelesA
andaoneachofthechromatids.

C.BothAandB

D.NeitherAorB

44.

A.ApairoftelocentrichomologouschromosomesastheywouldappearinG1.PlacetheallelesAandaoneachofthechromatids.

B.ApairoftelocentrichomologouschromosomesastheywouldappearinG2.PlacetheallelesAandaoneachofthechromatids.

C.BothAandB

D.NeitherAnorB

45.Whyismitosisimportantwithinthecellcycle?

A.Asinglecellandallitsgeneticinformationisduplicated.

B.Eachcellcontainsafullcomplementofchromosomes.

C.BothAandB

D.NeitherAorB

46.Explainwhymitosisdoesnotproducegeneticvariationandhowmeiosisleadstotheproductionoftremendousgenetic
variation.

A.Mitosisproducescellsthataregeneticallyidenticaltotheparentcell.

B.Virusesreplicateusingbinaryfission

C.Meiosisincludestwodistinctprocessesthatcontributetothegenerationofgeneticvariation:crossingovershufflesallelesonthesame
chromosomeintonewcombinations,whereastherandomdistributionofmaternalandpaternalchromosomesshufflesallelesondifferent
chromosomesintonewcombinations.

47.Microscopytolookatacell'schromosomesisoftendonewhenthecellisinmitoticmetaphase.Forexample,karyotypesthat
extractchromosomesfromasinglecellandphotographthemtolookforabnormalitiesaredoneonmetaphase,ratherthan
interphase,cells.Why?

A.Inmetaphase,chromosomesarecondensedandaremoreeasilyvisualized.

B.Inmetaphase,chromosomesareexpandedandaremoreeasilyvisualized.

C.BothAandB

D.NeitherAorB

48.

Findanddescribeatleastfourerrorsinthedrawingbelowofmitoticanaphase.

A.Spindlesarereplicating

B.Chromosomesthatareseparatingarestillduplicated.

C.Notenoughinformation
 D.Spindlesarenotcomingfromacommonspindlepolebody.

E.SisterchromatidsdonothaveidenticalallelesfortheBgene.

F.TwoallelesoftheDgeneareononechromosome.

G.NoallelesoftheAgeneareonthehomologouschromosome.

H.Homologouschromosomesappeartohavepairedandtobesegregating.

49.Themitochondriawithineukaryoticcellshavetheirowngenomes.Imaginethatamutationarisesonthemitochondrialgenome
and,atthetimeofcytokinesisofthehostcell,10%ofthemitochondriainthatcellhavethatmutation.Inthetwodaughtercells,
whatpercentageofthemitochondriawillpossessthatmutation?

A.Althoughthecytoplasmcontainingthemitochondriawillbeequallydividedbetweenthetwocells,thereisnoprecisemechanismforensuring
thattheorganellesareequallydivided.

B.Onecannotaccuratelypredictwhatthepercentageswillbeineachcell.

C.50%each

D.AandBonly

E.Noneoftheabove

50.Whateventsduringsexualreproductionaresignificantincontributingtogeneticdiversity?

A.Crossingoverchangesallelecombinationsonchromosomes,so,aftermeiosisI,evensisterchromatidsarenotgeneticallyidentical.

B.Independentassortmentofnonhomologouschromosomesensureseachgametehasadifferentcombinationofallelesforgeneson
nonhomologs.

C.Sisterchromatidsarealwaysgeneticallyidentical.

D.Twogeneticallyuniquegametesfromeachparentcombineduringfertilizationtoformanovel,geneticallyuniqueindividual.

51.Intissuefromtheintestinalepitheliumofafrog,thefollowingproportionsofcellswerefoundateachstageofthecellcycle:
StageProportionofCellsInterphase0.90Prophase0.04Prometaphase0.02Metaphase0.01Anaphase0.02Telophase0.01
Iftheentirecellcycleinfrogepitheliumcellsrequires20hoursforcompletion,whatistheaveragedurationofeachstage?

A.0.910=9hours,0.0410=0.4hours,.0210=.2hours,etc.

B.0.920=18hours,0.0420=0.8hours,.0220=.4hours,etc.

C.Notenoughinformationtopredict

D.Noneoftheabove

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