Science and Technology

and Nation Building

Topics:
The Philippine Government S&T Agenda

Major development programs and personalities in

S&T in the Philippines

Science Education in the Philippines

Selected indigenous science and technology

INTRODUCTION:
For any country to thrive and develop,
Science and Technology are essential. With
the development in medical, extraordinary
progress in education, communication,
agriculture, commerce, and industry, science
and technology have played a significant part
in improving the lives of people all over the
world. They have also made life more easier
and better.
OBJECTIVES:
Explain how early Filipinos applied
scientific principles in their daily lives.
Present government policies on science
and technology and explain their
outcomes to the nation.
Discuss the role of science and
technology in Philippines nation-
building.
The Philippine Government S&T Agenda
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD:
-Before the colonization by the Spaniards in the
Philippine Island, the natives of the archipelago
already had practices linked to science and technology.

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD:

-Parish schools were established where religion,
reading, writing, arithmetic and music were taught.
Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture
was taught to the natives.
Pre- Spanish Colonial Period Spanish Colonial Period
American Period and Post-Commonwealth era
- Science during the American period was inclined
towards agriculture, food processing, forestry,
medicine and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on
the development of industrial technology due to free trade
policy with the United States which nurtured an economy
geared towards agriculture and trade.
Marcos Era and Martial Law
- President Marcos gave importance to science to grew
further. In the amended 1973 Philippine Constitution,
Article XV, Section 9 (1), he declared that the
“advancement of science and technology shall have priority
in the national development. During his time he enacted
many laws to promote science and technology.
 American Period

Marcos Era and Martial Law

 Asean Integration requires
competitive technology
Science and technology help us understand nature and the world,
and enables us to lead full lives trough new and innovative means.
Two major approaches:
- Stronger Research and Development in the regions, not just
Manila.
-Strategic projects in five areas:
-Renewable energy
-S & T for industry development
-Faster and cheaper Internet
-Increased Food Production
-Climate Change Adaptation
 Major development programs and
personalities in S&T in the Philippines

Philippine science and technology has a long history, dating back

early American colonial period during which Bureau of Science was
created. Moreover , the public school system was created at about
same period.
- UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Major shifts in the Direction of Philippine S&T took place right

after the proclamation of independence in 1946.
-REORGANIZED INTO AN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE.
 There were also major shifts in the 1950s and 1960s that focused on
S&T institutional capacity building.
-INFRASTRACTURE-SUPPORT FACILITIES

In response to these problems and to the need for S&T to generate

products and processes that we are supposed to have greater beneficial
impact on the country. In the 1980s, research utilization was given
stronger emphasis.
NSTA- National Science and Technology Authority
PCHRD- Philippine Council for Health Research and
Development
PCARRD- Philippine Council for Agriculture , Forestry and
Natural Resources Research and Development
NRCP- National Research Council of the Philippines
 After EDSA Revolution in 1986, the NSTA was recognized into
what is now called the Department Of Science and Technology(DOST)
by virtue of Executive Order 128. For more effective delivery of a certain
functions, the DOST was further restructured, resulting in the
establishment of the:

TAPI - Technology Application and Promotion Institute

SEI - Science Education Institute
STII - Science and Technology Information Institute

DOST also initiated specific interventions through various

programs such as Comprehensive Technology Transfer and
Commercialization (CTTC).
 The National Institute of Science and Technology was reorganized
into the present industrial Technology Development Institute.

PCASTRD- Philippine Council for Advanced Science and

Technology Research and Development
PCAMRD- Philippine Council of Aquatic and Marine Research and
Development

S&T services were also provided to supplement R&D and

technology transfer:
-Upgrading of testing
-Standardization and quality control services
-Various forms of technical assistance and consulting services.
 R&D institute undertook contract researches to foster
the collaboration among the institutes, the private sector
and the academe.

To facilitate the transfer of foreign technology, science

parks were set up. These parks were also intended to:
a) serve as vehicles for university interaction with
private industry;
b) develop new knowledge-based industries and
strengthen existing ones; and
c) provide a propitious environment for innovation and
contract research.
Modernization of the Production Sectors
- CTTC – Comprehensive Technology Transfer Commercialization
Program
- Support Programs to the CTTC
- Investors
- National and Regional Technology Fairs
- Technology financing Programs
- Information services
- DOST training centers
- Regional and provincial S&T centers
- DOST Academy Technology Business Entrepreneurship Development
Programs
- Technology business incubators
- Science and Technology Parks
- Global search for Technology
- Program of assistance to investors
Upgrading of R&D Activities
- R&D priority plan
- Grant-in-aids Program
- Contract Research Program
- R&D Incentives Program
Development of R&D Infrastructure
- Manpower Development Program in Science and Engineering
- Grade and Secondary school level
- Vocational and Technical Education
- Scientific Career System (SCS)
-Utilization of Filipino Exports
- Recognition of S&T efforts
- Balik-Scientists Program Development of S&T culture
-Organizing and Strengthening of S&T
Fe Villanueva Del Mundo Eduardo Quisumbing
(Pediatrician) (Biologist)

Gavino Cajulao Trono Jr. Maria Orosa Ylagan

(Biologist) (Chemist)
Science Education in the Philippines
The Concept Of Science Education
Science education focuses on teaching, learning, and
understanding science.
Teaching science involves developing ways on how to
effectively teach science. This means exploring pedagogical
theories and models in helping teachers teach scientific concepts
and processes effectively. Learning science, on the other hand,
includes both pedagogy and the most interesting aspect, which
is helping students understand and love science. Understanding
science implies developing and applying science - process skills
and using science literacy in understanding the natural world
and activities in everyday life.
John Dewey (2001)
Getting deeper into the discourse of science education, John Dewey
stressed the importance of utilizing the natural environment to teach
students. Accordingly, nature must indeed furnish its physical stimuli to
provide wealth of meaning through social activities and thinking. It is not
surprising therefore that science education is important. In fact, Marx
(1994) opines that science is going to be one of the most important school
subjects in the future.
Science Education In Basic And Tertiary Education
In the basic education, science education helps students learn
important concepts and facts that are related to everyday life (Carale &
Campo, 2003; Meador, 2005; Worth & Grollman, 2003) including
important skills such as process skills, critical thinking skills, and life skills
that are needed in coping up with daily life activities (Chaille & Britain,
2002). Science education also develops positive attitude such as: the love
for knowledge, passion for innovative things, curiosity to study about
nature, and creativity (Lind, 1997). Science education will develop a strong
foundation for studying science and for considering science related careers
in the future. This is an investment for the country to develop a
scientifically cultured and literate citizenry.
Tertiary Education

In tertiary education, science education deals with

developing students understanding and appreciation of
science ideas and scientific works. This is done through
offering basic science course in the General Education
curriculum. Science education in the tertiary level also
focuses on the preparation of science teachers, scientist,
engineers, and other professionals in various science
related such as engineering, agriculture, medicine, and
health science. The state provides scholarships to
encourage more students to pursue science courses.
The state also provides scholarships to encourage more students to
pursue science courses.

SCIENCE SCHOOLS in the PHILIPPINES

- One outstanding program for science education supported by the

government is the establishment of science schools in various parts
of the country. There are also several government programs
implemented by the Department of Education and few private
schools for science education.
 Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
 Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES)
 Project Quezon City Regional Science High School
 Manila Science High School
 Central Visayan Institute Foundation
MISSION:

 Provide a learning environment to science-inclined

children through a special curriculum that recognizes
the multiple intelligences of the learners;
 promote the development of lifelong learning skills:
 foster the holistic development of the learners.
Selected indigenous science and technology

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

embedded in the cultural traditions of regional,
indigenous, or local communities orally passed evident in
stories, poems, and songs

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by
different groups of people and early civilizations.
 EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE THAT ARE
TAUGHT AND PRACTICED BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

1 PREDICTION OF WEATHER
2 USING HERBAL MEDICINE
3 PRESERVING OF FOODS
4 CLASSIFYING PLANTS AND ANIMALS INTO FAMILIES
5 SELECTING GOOD SEEDS FOR PLANTING
6 USING INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY
7 BUILDING LOCAL IRRIGATION
8 CLASSIFYING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL FOR PLANTING
9 PRODUCING WINES FROM TROPICAL FRUITS
10 KEEPING THE CUSTOM OF GROWING PLANTS AND VEGETABLES
PREDICTION OF WEATHER
• puwek ni kiling (storm of the kiling)
•shining moon with a rainbow encircling or a bloody red sunset
•kasili (mythical fish)
• during New Year, when the cow or horse eat grass, wail, it meant
drought
• when the goats repeatedly wail, there will be landslide
MEDICINE
• 114 plants used by the Tadyawans
• herbolarios
• tuob
• anino
QUESTIONS:

What is the current status of science and technology of

Philippines?

How important is science education in the nation

building?