SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING

Lesson 3
Lesson Objective

 Discuss the role of science and technology in

the Philippines nation-building;

 evaluate government policies pertaining to

science and technology in terms of their
contributions to nation-building; and

 identify actual science and technology policies

of the government and appraise their impact
on the development of the Filipinos
Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines

 Science is embedded in the way of life of the people.

 It is observed in agriculture – planting crops, taking

care of the animal, and in food production.

 Ability to interpret the movements of heavenly bodies

to predict season and climates and organizing days
into months and years.

 Discovered medicinal use of plants.

 Banaue Rice Terraces

• The Ifugaos of the mountainous

• They are part of the Rice
http://spanishsparrow.blogspot.com/2010/07/
economic-pre-colonial-era.html
region of the Cordilleras built
irrigations, dams and hydraulic
works and the famous Banaue
Rice Terraces as a way for
assisting in growing crops
around 1000 BC.
Terraces of the Philippine
Cordilleras, ancient sprawling
man-made structures from
2,000 to 6,000 years old, which
are a UNESCO World Heritage
Site.
 In terms of technology;

 Used tools to build houses, irrigations,

transportation and musical instruments, for
planting, cooking, etc., for fighting enemies
during war, tools for musical instrument.

 Metal Age significantly influence the lives of

early Filipinos evident from archaeological
artifacts e.g. jewelry, ceramics and metal tools
 Ling-ling-o diagnostic ornament of the Early Metal
Age in Palawan (Tabon, Duyong and Uyaw).
 Visit this page:
 https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/national
museumbeta/Museums%20and%20Branche
s/theorigin.html

 All of these ancient practices in science and

technology are considered now as
indigenous science or folk science.
 COLONIAL PERIOD
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Spaniard Period
 Introduced schooling which starts the formal science
and technology studies in our country.

 Learning of science in schools - human body, plants ,

animals and heavenly bodies.

 Technology – developing house tools in everyday life.

 Medicine and advance science were introduced in formal

colleges and universities established by Catholic orders.
Spaniard Period
 Galleon Trade brought additional technology and
development

 Some Filipino students are able to study in Europe.

 Philippines is considered as one of the most

developed places in the region during this time.

 But superstitious beliefs of the people and the

Catholic doctrines and practices halted the growth of
science in the country.
American Period
 More influence in the development of Science and
Technology

 Established public education system, improved

engineering works and health conditions of the
people.

 Established a modern research university, the

University of the Philippines.

 They also created more hospitals.

American Period
 Transportation and communication systems
were improved.

 Mineral sources were exploited and explored.

 Reorganize the learning of science and

introduce public and private schools

 Americans “Americanize” the Philippines

American Period
 Efforts of the Americans built a stronger
foundation for science and technology in the
country.

 However, World War II has destabilized the

development of our country in many ways.
World War II
 Destabilized the development of Science and
Technology

 Explored the use of ODA or Overseas Development

Allocations

 Human Resource Development focuses on producing

more engineers, scientists, technology experts,
doctors etc.
 Internal Influences
• Survival
• Culture
• Economic
• Activities
Development of
Science and
Technology in
External Influences the Philippines
• Foreign Colonizers
• Trades with Foreign
Countries
• International Economic
Demands

Figure 1. Influences in the Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines

 Post-Colonial Period
Government Policies on Science and Technology

 The Philippine government introduced and

implemented several programs, and policies to
boost the area of science and technology.

 Some programs supported by Philippine

government through the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST)
 Government Policies on Science and Technology

 Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Programs:

 1. Providing fund for basic research and patents related to S&T.

 2. Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies
of students in the field of S&T.
 3. Establishing more branches of the Phil. Science High School
System.
 4. Creating S&T parks.
 5. Balik Scientist Program
 6. S&T parks in academic campuses.
 7. Establishment of the National Science Complex and National
Engineering Complex in UP Diliman.
 Government Policies on Science and Technology

 In the field of education to promote S & T:

 1. Special Science Class (SSC) and special science

elementary schools

 2. K12 STEM track

 CHED-PICARI – Commission on Higher Education –

Philippine-California Advance Research Institute Project. The
aim is to allow several higher education institutions in the
Philippines and some US-based laboratories, research
institutes and universities to work of research and projects
related to science, agriculture, engineering, health and
technology.
 Government Policies on Science and Technology

 The Philippine Congress have created laws related to science

and technology.

 These laws serve as legal framework for science and

technology in the country.

 See figure 2, the development of policies in science and

technology is shaped or influenced by several variables:
policies need to be aligned to national goals, consider
international commitments based on legal frameworks, and
respond to various social needs, issues, and all people will
experience the progress that science can bring. Policies are
guides to direct all efforts to a goal of developing a
scientifically advanced country.
 National Goals

International
Treaty SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Legal • Policies
Frameworks • Programs
• Projects
Social Needs,
Issues
and Problems

Figure 2. Development of Science and Technology Policies in the Philippines

 Science Education in the Philippines

 The Concept of Science Education

 Science education focuses on teaching, learning and

understanding science.

 Teaching science – finding ways on how to effectively

teach science (exploring pedagogical theories and
models)

 Learning science – includes pedagogy and the most

interesting aspect which is helping students
understand and love science.
Science Education in Basic and Tertiary Education

 Basic Education
 Students must learn important concepts and
facts that are related to everyday life.

 Skills includes:
 1. Process skills
 2. Critical thinking
 3. Life skills
Science Education in Basic and Tertiary Education

 Basic Education
 Science education also develops positive attitudes
such as:
 1. love for knowledge
 2. passion for innovative things
 3. curiosity to study about nature and
 4. creativity

 This makes a strong foundation in science and for

considering a science-related career in the future.
Science Education in Basic and Tertiary Education

 Tertiary education
 Science education deals with developing students’
understanding and appreciation of science ideas
and scientific works.

 This is done by offering basic science courses in

the General Education Curriculum.

 Like the GE 7 – Science, Technology and Society

subject
Science Schools in the Philippines

 1. Philippine Science High School System

(PSHSS)
A government program under Department of
Science and Technology (DOST).

 Themandate is to offer free scholarship basis for

secondary courses with special emphasis on
subject pertaining to sciences with the end-view
of preparing its students for a science career
(R.A. No. 3661).
Science Schools in the Philippines

 2. Special Science Elementary Schools

(SSES) Project

 Pursuance
to Deped Order No. 73 s. 2008 and
DepEd Order No. 51 s. 2010.

 60 schools nationwide participated.

Science Schools in the Philippines
 2. Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES) Project

 SSES project aims to develop Filipino children equipped with

scientific and technological knowledge, skills and values.

 Mission:
 1. Provide a learning environment to science-inclined children
through a special curriculum that recognizes the multiple
intelligences of the learners;
 2. Promote the development of lifelong learning skills; and
 3. foster the holistic development of the learners.
Science Schools in the Philippines

 2. Special Science Elementary Schools

(SSES) Project

 The subject Science and Health is taught in

Grade 1 with a longer time compared to other
subjects.

 70minutes for Grade I to III and 80 minutes for

Grade IV to VI.
Science Schools in the Philippines

 3. Quezon City Regional Science High School

 4. Manila Science High School

 FirstScience High School in the Philippines which
was established on October 1, 1963.
 The aim of the MSHS is to produce scientist with
souls. In order to d this, they added humanities
courses and other electives.
Science Schools in the Philippines

 5. Central Visayas Institute Foundation

 The home and pioneer of the prominent school-based
innovation known as the Dynamic Learning Program
(DLP).

 DLP – a synthesis of classical and modern

pedagogical theories adapted to foster the highest
level of learning, creativity and productivity.

 The school takes pride in its Research Center for

Theoretical Physics (RCTP) established in 1992.