Science, Technology and Society I module 3: Science &Technology and the Nation Building/Page 1 of 12

Science and Technology and Nation Building

MODULE 3

OVERVIEW

The advent of science and technology brought progress not only in our country but in the entire world. Its
development determines to a large extent the socio-economic progress of a country. It is a well-known fact
that it is directly associated with modernity and is an essential tool for rapid development and progress of
a country

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this module, you will be able to:

 Distinguish science from technology;
 Explain how science and technology affect society and the environment;
 Discuss how science and technology contribute to national development

LEARNING EXPERIENCES & SELF-ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES (SAA)

ACTIVITY AND ANALYSIS(Write your answers on the self-assessment activities (SAA) sheet on the following
Now, Let us see what you know about the role of science and technology by completing the concept map
below. But before that, you may want to watch the movie clips and read the short article listed below to
get some ideas, happy watching and reading!
Questions to ponder!
1. What roles do science and technology play in the development progress of the country?
 Watch: 1. Science and technology: Moving the Philippines Forward
Link: https://youtube/9li8S3L5p2Q
 Watch: 2. The state of science and technology in the Philippines
Link: https://youtube/_ttaqZf-SMg
 Read: 1. Ratnasiri, N. 2006. The role of Science and technology in nation building. Journal of the
national science foundation of Sri Lanka, 34(3),
Link: http://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v34i3.3640
From your reading and the videos, you have watched, completed the diagram below by enumerating the
roles of science and technology in shaping the nation. Then choose one from your listed and explain it

OSMEÑA COLLEGES ROGELIO B. VERDIDA JR.

Aspire…Achieve…Advance!
 Science, Technology and Society I module 3: Science &Technology and the Nation Building/Page 2 of 12

OSMEÑA COLLEGES ROGELIO B. VERDIDA JR.

Aspire…Achieve…Advance!
ABSTRACTION
PHILIPPINES REVOLUTION

Brief Historical Background of Science and technology in the Philippines

Pre-colonial Period

Even before the Spain colonized the country, some indigenous science and technology has already existed
with regards to agriculture like farming, animal-raising, and utilization of plants and herbs as medicines.
The use of technology is evident in the in handicrafts. Pottery, weaving, and tools used by ancient
Filipinos in their everyday life.

Innovation and ingenuity were unmistaken by

the way native Filipinos built the rice terraces by
hand. They also developed tools, for planting,
hunting, cooking, fishing and also for fighting
enemies during tribal conflicts. They used
indigenous technology in building houses,
irrigations and transportation, both on land and
waterways.

The ancient practices in science and technology by our ancestors are now considered as indigenous
science or folk science.

Colonial Period
Spanish colonization paved way to modern
means of construction. Roads, Bridges,
churches, and other large infrastructures were
built with more sophistication using some
engineering skills and tools brought by the
Spaniards. In addition, Spanish colonizers
developed health and education system in the
country.

American colonial rule modernized almost all aspects of life in the country. They establish the Bureau of
Science to initiate the development in the field of science and technology.

Post-Colonial Period
After achieving independence from the colonial
masters, the Philippines, under different
administrations, continued to pursue programs in
science and technology. Each leadership had its
own S&T agenda. However, it is important to
note that some Philippines presidents introduced
more developments in the field than others,
which you will find out soon as you course
through this module.
Filipino Presidents and their contributions in the development of science and technology in the
Philippines.♦
 Filipino Presidents and their contributions in the development of science and technology in the
Philippines and the status of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY during their administration

Pres. Carlos P. Garcia

(1957-1962)

♦Lack of support of experimental work

♦Marginal budget scientific research
♦Low salaries of scientists employed by the government
♦Established the National Science Development Board

♦Directed the Department of Education to revitalize the

Pres. Ferdinand Marcos science courses in public high schools.
(1965-1986) ♦Channeled additional funds to support projects in applied
sciences and science education.
♦He proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the
site of the Philippines Science Community.
♦Scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science
scholars, and workshops on fisheries and oceanography.
♦Added the Philippines Coconut Institution to the NSDB to
modernize the coconut industry.
♦Support for the promotion of scientific research and
invention with Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972.
♦He enacted the law under Presidential Decree No. 1003-A,
s. 1972 to establish the national Academy of Science and
Technology.
♦He enacted a law on the completion of the national
agriculture and life sciences research complex at the
university of the Philippines at Los Banos (Executive Order
No. 840, s. 1982)
♦He establish the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the
Philippines Science High School to encourage carreers in
science and technology.

Pres. Corazon Aquino ♦National Science and Technology Authority was replaced
(1986-1992) by the Department of science and Technology.
♦Science and Technology’s role in economic recovery and
sustained economic growth was highlighted.
♦Created the Presidential Task Force for Science and
Technology within came up with the first Science and
Technology Master Plan or STPM.
♦Executive Order No. 128 abolished R.A No. 3859, also
known as “Philippines Inventors Incentive Act”
♦Gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving
financial aid, patent application assistance, legal assistance,
 and to help inventors market their products domestically and
abroad.
♦R.A 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988 opened doors to free education up to the secondary
level.
♦”Science of the Masses Program” which aimed at scientific
and technological literacy among Filipinos.

Pres. Fidel V. Ramos ♦Significant increase in personnel specializing in the science

(1992-1998) and technology fields.
♦Addition of Philippines Science High Schools in Visayas
and Mindanao.
♦Government provided 3,500 scholarships for students who
were taking up professions related to S&T
♦Schools were becoming more modernized and updated with
the addition of high-tech equipment for students.
♦Priority for S&T personnel increased when Magna Carta
for Science and technology Personnel (Republic Act No.
8439) was established.
♦Award was published in order to give incentives and
rewards for people who have been influential in the field of
S&T (Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act or Republic
Act No. 7459).
♦Programs such as National Program for Gifted Filipino
Children in Science and Technology.
♦Enactment of a law creating a nationwide system of high
schools specializing in the field of Science and engineering
(Science and technology scholarship Law 1994).
♦Enacted the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
(Republic Act No. 8293)

Pres. Joseph Estrada

(1998-2001)

♦Launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective

irrigation technologies.
♦Established of one science high school in every province.
♦Advancement of industries and schools into the internet age.
♦Passage of e-Commerce Act.

♦The science and technology sector of the Philippines was

Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo dubbed as the “golden age” during her term.
(2001-2010) ♦Numerous laws and projects that concerns both the
environment and science to push technology as a tool to
increase the country’s economic level.

Pres. Benigno Simeon Aquino III
(2010-2016)
President Rodrigo Roa A. Duterte
June 30, 2016-present
♦The term “Filipinovation” was the coined term used in
helping the Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia.
♦Science Technology and Innovation (STI) was developed
further by strengthening the schools and education system
such as the Philippines Science High School (PSHs), which
focuses in science, technology and mathematics in their
curriculum.
♦Imposes Republic Act 10601 which improves the
Agriculture and fisheries Sector through Mechanization (
AFMtech)
♦Signed into law Republic Act 10692 or An Act Providing
for the Modernization of the Philippines Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA), providing Funds therefore and for Other
Purposes, last November 3, 2015.
♦IBM Blue Gene supercomputer has been chosen to support
the Philippines government’s priority R&D projects focused
on reducing poverty, improving government processes and
tools and enabling smarter weather management, as based on
the National Economic Development Authority’s Medium
Term Development Plan.
♦Science and Technology in the country scored another
milestone with the signing of the Balik Scientist law on 15
June 2018. Republic Act No. 11035, also known as an “Act
Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist Program,” would give
more incentives to returning Filipino experts, Scientists,
inventors, and engineers who would share their expertise in
the country.
♦NSTW include the solar-powered S&T Academic and
Research-Based Openly Operated Kiosks (Starbooks) which
is a biological treatment for wastewater
♦271 new weather stations installed by Department of
Science and Technology (DOST).
♦Zamboanga Doppler Weather Radar System Installed by
DOST.
 FILIPINO SCIENTIST AND THEIR INVENTION
Roman Cabanos Barba For his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippines mangoes
Josefino Cacas Comiso For his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica using
satellite images
Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. Known internationally in the field of electric engineering; was elected
as officer of the famous institute and Electric and Electronic
Engineering
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz Notable for her research on sea snail venom
Fabian Millar Dyrit For his research for herbal medicine
Rafael Dineros Guerero III For his research in Tilapia culture
Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr. For inventing the meconium drugs testing
Lilian Formalej Patena For doing research on plant biotechnology
Mari-jo Panganiban Ruiz For being outstanding educator and graph theorist
Gregory Ligot Tangonan For his research in the of communication technology

There is other outstanding Filipino scientists who are recognized here and abroad for their outstanding
contributions in science.
Ceasar A. Saloma An internationally renowned physicist
Edgardo Gomez Famous scientist in marine science
William Padolina Chemistry and president of National Academy of Science technology
(NAST) - Philippines
Angel Alcala Marine science

APPLICATION(Write your answers on the self-assessment activities (SAA) sheet on the following pages.)
New generation Science Genius
Using internet resources, find photos of modern Filipino scientist and their respective
inventions/discoveries. Describe the inventions and their major contributions in the development of our
nation.

KEY POINTS
Colonial period a period in a country's history when it was subject to administration by a colonial power

Country – is a distinct territorial body or political entity. It is often referred to as the land of an
individual's birth, residence or citizenship

Education - the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.

History – is the study of the past. Events occurring before the invention of writing systems are considered
prehistory
 Ingenuity – the quality of being clever, original, and inventive

Innovation is commonly defined as the "carrying out of new combinations" that include "the introduction
of new goods, new methods of production, the opening of new markets, the conquest of new sources of
supply and the carrying out of a new organization of any industry"

Modern – relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past

Nation building is constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state. Nation-
building aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and
viable in the long run.

Philippines – officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under
three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

President – an official chosen to preside over a meeting or assembly. An appointed governor of a

subordinate political unit. The chief officer of an organization (such as a corporation or institution)
usually entrusted with the direction and administration of its policies.

Role - They have acquired new responsibilities to address environmental, social, and economic issues of
sustainability across their respective sovereignty boundaries and to coordinate, standardize, support, and
regulate private efforts

REFERENCES

Bayani, G., Canceran, B., Luyan, J., Manuel, G., & Luyun, J., (2018). Science, Technology, and Society
Caoli Olivia C. A history of science and technology in the Philippines. Retrieved from:
https://tuxdoc.com/download/history-of-science-and-technology-in-the-philippines_pdfdownload-requir
Mcnamara, d., Valverde V.,& Beleno, R. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society
Serafica, J., Pawilen G., Calib, B Jr., Alata E., (2018). Science, Technology, and Society (1sted., pp 1-
1280. Quezon City: C&E Publishing Inc.)
Ratnasari, N., 2006. The role of science and technology in nation Building. Journal of the national science
foundation of Sri Lanka, 34(3), p.113. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v34i3.3640
R. Benefits et al., (2020). “Atomic scale memory at a silicon surface” nanotechnology 13, 499.
The Royal Society, 16-17 (2004). Report Nano science and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and
Uncertainties.
Thinking News (2016), Aristotle’s Secret to happiness; what will make us happy now Accessed February
3, 2020.
Web sources:
Cabaddu, M.A. (Revised Module). Science technology and Society Module. Retrieved from:
https://www.scribd.com/document/429431394/Science-Technology-and-Society-Module
Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://prezi.com/dejrmc4xbvhd/indigenous-science-and-technology-in-the-ph/
Google Image Result for https;//images-na.ssl-image- amazon.com/images/l/41P0jwp7c5l._sx466_.jpg.
(2019). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2J5wFly
Image: Heiroglyph | writing character | Britannica.com.(2020). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2XjQ4b7
Image: Codex – Wikipedia. (2019). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3080HuB
Image: Papyrus in Ancient Egypt | Essay | Heilbrunn timeline of Art. (2020). Retrieved from
https://urlz.com/zFc6U
Image: USB 3.1 Flash Drive DUO Plus 256Gb Memory & Storage – MUF 256DB/AM. (2020).
Retrieved from https://bit.lu/2Yrf2SI
Image: Best Retro Style Big Brother Mobile Phone Atenna Good Signal. (2020). Retrieved from
https://bit.y/2XGVVqq
Image: ENIAC – Wikipedia. (2019). Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/ppmU3
Image: Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press Stock Photos & Johannes. (2020) Retrieved from
https://urlz.com/93r6v
Image: Typewriter: The History – The Machines – The Writers: Tony Allan. (2020). Retrieved from
https://urlzs.com/RvNsu
Nano memory scheme handle defects:
http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2004/090804/Nano_memory_scheme_handles_defects_Brief_090804.ht
ml
Redirect Notice. (2020) retrieved from https://ww.google.com/url?
sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiW8kaqy5rjAhVEA4KHUNtAY
QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A2Fwww.pinerest.com%2Fpin%25@F846606429926395000%2F&psig
=AOvVaw2SI_sc8daokDiWkZShMf4F&ust=15623066475204989
Science and technology: Moving the Philippines Forward. Retrieved from https://youtube/9li8S3Lp2Q
The state of science and technology in the Philippines. Retrieved form http://youtube/ttaqZf.SMg
Understanding Nanotechnology. Retrieved from http://www.understandingnano.com/introduction.html

LOOKING AHEAD

Science and technology has made great contributions to various aspects of our lives. It has altered the way
people live, connect and communicate and thus has affected profound the economic development in the
country

Congratulations for making it till the end of this module! If you aced the assessments, I am happy for
you. If you have not reached your desired level of competence, just keep going! Remember that an
expert was once a beginner. Happy learning!
SELF AND MODULE EVALUATION

This part requires you to rate the quality of the module to help you continuously improve the development of
this learning module. This also asks you to rate your learning experience for each of the modules.

Rate the module using the following:

1- Strongly disagree
2- Disagree
3- Agree
4- Strongly agree

The learning module: 1 2 3 4

Please check appropriate column

was engaging
allowed for self-checking (SAAs)
developed in gradual, manageable steps
provided independent, self-paced learning
contained relevant information I needed

Self- Evaluation

Rate the extent of your learning in this module using the scale below. Check the column corresponding
to your rating in the space provided. Do not hesitate to contact me if you need further assistance.
4- I’m an expert. I understand and can teach a friend about it.
3- I’m a Practioner. I understand and can cite examples on the topics given.
2- I’m an apprentice. I understand if I get help or look at more examples.
1- I’m a novice. I do not understand the topic.

My learning: 1 2 3 4
I can now

Please check appropriate column

 Distinguish science from technology;

 Explain how science and technology affect society and the environment;
 Discuss how science and technology contribute to national development
Science, Technology and Society I module 3: Science &Technology and the Nation Building/Page 10 of 12

SELF-ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES (SAA) SHEET

Activity and Analysis
What roles do science and technology play in the development progress of the country?
Role of Science and technology in Nation Building

1.

2.

3.

_
Science, Technology and Society I module 3: Science &Technology and the Nation Building/Page 10 of 12

Application

Using internet resources, find photos of modern Filipino scientist and their respective
inventions/discoveries. Describe the inventions and their major contributions in the development of our
nation.
Science, Technology and Society I module 3: Science &Technology and the Nation Building/Page 11 of 12

END OF MODULE ASSESSMENT (Answer Sheet)

(Please don’t forget to provide information on this part)

LFM Name: Course& Year: _

Module Number and Title: Date accomplished:

Contact number: E-mail Address or Fb account:

Now that you have finished the review of the various concepts outlined above, it is now
time for an assessment to see how far you have improved. Write your answers on the
blank space provided for each question.
TEST I - From the picture below describe and assess the evolution and development of science and
technology along fields of medicine, agriculture, education, information, transportation and many more.
Science, Technology and Society I module 3: Science &Technology and the Nation Building/Page 12 of 12
TEST II – Multiple choice
Direction: Write the letter before the number.

A. Pres. Carlo P. Garcia

B. Pres. Ferdinand Marcos
C. Pres. Corazon Aquino
D. Pres. Fidel V. Ramos
E. Pres. Joseph Estrada
F. Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
G. Pres. Benigno Simeon Aquino III
H. Pres. Rodrigo Roa A. Duterte

1. Imposes Republic Act 10601 which improves the Agriculture and fisheries Sector through
Mechanization.

2. Priority for S&T personnel increased when Magna Carta for Science and technology Personnel.

3. Established the National Science Development Board.

4. Created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology within came up with the first
Science and Technology Master Plan or STPM.

5. Act Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist Program.

6. Added the Philippines Coconut Institution to the NSDB to modernize the coconut industry.

7. Established of one science high school in every province.

8. He proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the Philippines Science
Community.

9. Signed into law Republic Act 10692 or An Act Providing for the Modernization of the
Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.

10. 271 new weather stations installed by Department of Science and Technology.

11. Scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science scholars, and workshops on fisheries and
oceanography.

12. National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of science and
Technology.

13. Schools were becoming more modernized and updated with the addition of high-tech equipment
for students.

14. Science and Technology’s role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was
highlighted.

15. Launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective irrigation technologies.