COMPILED BY: MUHAMMAD ALI

CHANNEL: FRIENDS PHYSICS

ALL BOARDS IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTIONS THAT ARE
SELECTED OTHER THAN EXERCISE

2ND YEAR PHYSICS

CHAPTER 12
1. Define dielectric constant give its mathematical form
2. State Gauss’s law
3. Define unit of capacitance give its units.
4. Draw the graph between Q-t for charging and discharging of a capacitor in case RC
circuit
5. What are the similarities between electric and gravitational forces?
6. On what factors electric flux will depend?
7. Convert 1 joule into electron volt.
8. Define electron volt.
9. What is the orientation of the surface in an electric field to get maximum flux through
it?
10. Prove that unit of RC is second.
11. Define capacitance of a capacitor.
12. Show that Newton per coulomb is equal to volt per meter.
13. What is the difference between electric and gravitational force?
14. Write at least two properties of electric field lines.
15. Give the relation between electron volt and joule.
16. Prove Ohm time Farad is equal to second.
17. Why capacitance of a capacitor does increases when some dielectric material is inserted
between the plates?
18. What is photoconductor?
19. Define electric force and electrostatics.
20. Explain briefly the term potential gradient.
21. What is potential gradient?
22. What is the strength of electric field inside a hollow charged sphere and why?
23. How will capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor be affected if the area of plates is
doubled and separation between them is halved?
24. Distinguish between electric field and electric intensity.
25. What is the difference between electrical potential energy and electric potential
difference?
26. State Coulomb’s law write its formula.
27. Write two properties of electric field lines.
28. What is polarization and how dipoles are formed?
29. Define and give the SI units of electric potential.
30. Describe five properties of electric field lines.
31. Mention two situations of vector area in electric flux.
32. A particle carrying a charge of 2e Falls through a potential difference of 3 V calculate its
energy
 CHAPTER 13
1. Define conventional current and electronic current.
2. Define Kirchhoff rules of circuit analysis.
3. Define temperature coefficient of resistance give its unit.
4. Write formulas for series and parallel combination of resistors.
5. Write the name of two sources of current.
6. A charge of 90 coulomb passes through a wire in 1 hour and 15 minutes what is the
current in wire?
7. Write down the value of equivalent resistance for three resistors R1 R2 and R3 when
joined in series when joined in parallel
8. What are ohmic and non ohmic devices give an example
9. Chapter#14 Do too long and parallel current carrying wires attract each other explain
10. Name any four sources of current
11. Explain why the terminal potential difference of a battery decreases when the current
drawn from it is increased
12. State Ohm’s law and write its formula
13. Under what conditions EMF of a cell and terminal potential difference are equal
14. Differentiate between resistance and resistivity also give units
15. What is thermistor
16. What is negative coefficient of temperature
17. Why potentiometer is an accurate measuring instrument
18. Give colour code
19. Define tolerance give an example

CHAPTER 14
1. Define current sensitivity of galvanometer
2. What is meant by Lorentz Force
3. Write the two uses of CRO
4. What is CRO write its two uses.
5. Give dimensions of permeability of free space
6. What is Cathode ray oscilloscope and galvanometer
7. Name the main parts of CRO
8. How can you explain the waveform of various voltages formed in CRO?
9. Discuss briefly digital multimeter
10. Describe the function of grid in CRO
11. Define right hand rule for determining the direction of magnetic field
12. Define AVO meter and ohm meter.
13. Write the formula to convert galvanometer into voltmeter
14. What is dead beat galvanometer?
15. What are the functions of anode in CRO
16. Define flux density and its units
17. What is stable galvanometer
18. Show that the term E and VB have same unit.
19. Define sweeper t or time base generator.
20. Explain what is meant by sensitivity of galvanometer. How can a galvanometer be made
more sensitive?
21. Distinguish between flux density and flux. How are they related?
22. Define Tesla. Write its mathematical form.
23. State ampere’s Law write its formula.
24. Briefly give the function of cathode grade and plates in CRO
25. Define Galvanometer also write down its principal.
26. How brightness on screen of CRO can be controlled?
27. What are the uses of CRO
28. A conductor contain abundance of charges. What can you conclude about the magnetic
field due to stationary charges?
29. What is lamp and scale arrangement in galvanometer?
30. Why do parallel currents attract and opposite currents repel?

CHAPTER 15
1. What is meant by back motor effect in generators
2. Define mutual inductance and write at least two factors at which it depend
3. What is DC motor? Write its Principle
4. Name the factors upon which the self-inductance depends
5. Define the induced current and induced EMF
6. What is the difference between motor and generator
7. Name and explain the factors responsible for power loss in transformer
8. A motor should not be overloaded. Why?
9. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
10. Define energy density and give its equation
11. How the efficiency of Transformer can be improved
12. Where the capacitor and inductor store their energies
13. On what factors does the induced current due to motional EMF depend
14. How the power is lost due to Eddy current in Transformer and how its effect can be
minimized?
15. Define electromagnetic induction.
16. Define motional EMF give its units
17. Define Henry
18. How the Eddy current are produced? What are the effects on transformer working?
19. When the primary of a transformer is connected to AC mains the current in it A is very
small if the secondary circuit is open but increases when the secondary circuit is closed
explain these facts
20. A metal rod of length 0.25 M is moving at a speed of 0.5 meter per second in a direction
perpendicular to 0.25 T find induced EMF in the rod.
21. How does a motor draw more current when it is overloaded.

CHAPTER 16
1. What is choke coil and where it is used?
2. What do you mean by amplitude modulation?
3. What is the main reason for the world wide use of AC?
4. What is meant by phase of AC quantities?
5. Write down two uses of series resonance circuit
6. Define impedance write down its unit and symbol.
7. Write three characteristics of series resonance circuit
8. Define modulation and write names of its types.
9. Define reactance of inductor and write its formula
10. What is the difference between DC circuit and AC circuit?
11. Why is power dissipated is zero in pure Inductive and pure capacitive circuit?
12. Which quantity voltage or current leads in capacitor and by how much angle?
13. What do you mean by root mean square value
14. In and RL circuit will the current lag or lead the voltage?
15. At what frequency will and inductor of 1 Henry have a reactance of 500 ohms.
16. What is instantaneous value and peak value?
17. What is meant by Inductive reactance and capacitive reactance?
1
18. Show that at resonance the resonant frequency is given as 𝑓 = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
19. When 10 voltage applied to an AC circuit the current flowing in it is 100 milliampere
find its impedance.
20. Write four important properties of series resonance circuit
21. What are transmission frequencies of electromagnetic waves in AM range and FM
range?

CHAPTER 17
1. Define modulus of elasticity and write its SI unit
2. Define critical temperature and Curie temperature
3. How will you obtain n type and P type material from pure silicon
4. Define Curie temperature what is its value for iron
5. What are polymeric solids give example
6. Define young modulus and bulk modulus
7. Define stress and strain what are there’s I units
8. Define coercive current.
9. How n type semiconductors are formed
10. Define stress write its formula
11. What are paramagnetic substances?
12. Define elastic limit and yield strength.
13. Define UTS of a material.
14. Differentiate between ductile and brittle substances
15. Define unit cell and crystal lattice
16. Define valence band and conduction band
17. Define young modulus and shear modulus
18. Draw stress strain curve for ductile ductile material and then define the terms elastic
limit yield point and ultimate tensile stress.
19. Why glass is known as solid liquid
20. Define tensile stress and volumetric stress.
21. What is the difference between young modulus and bulk modulus
22. What are polymeric solids
23. What is a crystal lattice
24. What is the net charge on n type and P type substances
25. How the conductivity of conductor can be raised?
26. What is critical temperature? What is its value for Lead?

CHAPTER 18
1. WHAT IS THE BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR THE JUNCTION OF A TRANSISTOR FOR ITS
NORMAL OPERATION
2. Write down the truth table for exclusive or gate
3. Why a photodiode is operated in Reverse biased state?
4. Write 4 uses of photodiode?
5. What is the net charge on n type and P type substance
6. Define rectification draw a circuit diagram of half wave rectification
7. Write down the symbol and truth table of exclusive nor Gate
8. What is OR gate write its relation
9. What is potential barrier what is the value of potential barrier for Silicon and Germanium
10. Define open loop gain of Operational Amplifier also give its formula
11. The inputs of a gate are 1 and 0 identify the gate if the output is a.1 and b.0
12. What is meant by doping?
13. Transistor as collector current 10 milliampere base current 40 milliampere calculate the current loop gain
14. Define beta for transistor also write its fundamental current equation
15. Write some important uses of operational amplifier
16. What is the mathematical expression of AND Gate? Write its table.
17. If R1=10kΩ and R2=100kΩ, find the gain of inverting amplifier.
18. Write down two characteristics of operational amplifiers
19. Draw the symbol and truth table for nor Gate
20. What is the principle of virtual ground apply it to find the gain of an inverting amplifier
21. What is semiconductor diode
22. Draw the symbolic representation of not get also write its truth table.
23. Draw circuit diagram used for full wave rectification show direction of current in circuit when positive half
of the input AC passes through it.
24. Make the circuit diagram of Operational Amplifier as inverting amplifier and as Night switch
25. Give the truth tables of nand and nor Gate.
 CHAPTER 19
1. State Uncertainty Principle give its two mathematical forms
2. What is meant buy pair production and annihilation of matter
3. Differentiate between inertial and non-inertial frame of reference
4. What is wave particle duality
5. Why don’t we observe Compton effect with visible light
6. Write down the postulates of special theory of relativity
7. Differentiate between Photoelectric effect and Compton effect
ℎ 1 ℎ
8. If P= 𝜆 and 2 𝑚𝑣 2 =Voe then prove that λ=
√2𝑚𝑒𝑉
9. Define fluorescence.
10. Define Compton effect write its formula for Compton shift for scattering angle theta
11. Write down at least 4 applications of photocell
12. What is a Photon? Derive the relation between momentum of photon and wavelength
of light
13. What is photoconductor?
14. Define special theory of relativity and write its postulates
15. What is solar cell give its use
16. Find mass M of moving object with speed 0.8 c.
17. If the following particles all have same energy which has the shortest wavelength?
Electron Alpha particle neutron and proton.
18. Define Photoelectric effect write the two results from the experiment of Photoelectric
effect.
19. What is the energy of photon in Joules? If the wavelength is 1240 nm.
20. Can xray reflect refract diffract just like another way?
21. What are conclusions made from pair production?
22. What is de Broglie wavelength
𝑣2
23. A body is moving with velocity of 0.95 c find the value of√1 − 𝑐 2
24. What is NAVSTAR navigation system?

CHAPTER 20
1. How does K rays differ from Kβ x rays?
2. Give two postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom.
3. Briefly describe continuous x rays.
4. Define characteristic x rays and continuous x rays.
5. In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does the following series lies.
Lyman series.
6. Give two uses of laser in medicine and industry.
7. Define ionization and excitation potential.
8. Give any two uses of laser.
9. What is population inversion?
10. Define ionization energy and ionization potential.
11. What is CAT scanner?
12. Define continuous spectra and line spectra.
13. What is spectroscopy?
14. Explain the difference between laser light and light from incandescent lamp.
15. Define metastable state.
16. Write two uses of X rays.
17. List the colors of line spectrum of an excited hydrogen atom.
18. Find the shortest wavelength of Balmer series.
19. Define population inversion and metastable state.
20. Describe type of spectrum.
21. What is Bohr model of hydrogen atom?
 CHAPTER 21
1. Differentiate between baryons and mesons.
2. What do you mean by the term Critical Mass?
3. Define half-life of an element with example.
4. Define mass defect and binding energy.
5. State the advantages and disadvantages of Fusion Power from the point of view of
safety pollution and resources.
6. State the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power.
7. What factors make a fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
8. Briefly give uses of Wilson cloud chamber and GM counter.
9. What is radioactive tracer? Describe an application in medicine.
10. Write the names of basic forces of nature.
11. What do you understand by background radiation? Give 2 examples
12. How can radioactivity help in treatment of cancer?
13. What is function of moderator in nuclear reactor?
14. Define mass defect and binding energy.
15. What do you mean by Quark?
16. What is radioactivity?
17. Define hadrons and leptons.
18. How many mesons and baryons can be contracted by quarks?
19. Write down four properties of Beta particles?
20. What are hadrons?
21. Differentiate between baryons and mesons.
22. Name different quarks.
23. Define decay constant