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  • Intermolecular Forces: Properties of Solutions

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    This document discusses key concepts in solutions and solution chemistry including: - Intermolecular forces and how they affect solubility, with substances with similar forces being miscible and polarity affecting solubility. - Temperature and pressure effects on solubility, with solubility increasing with temperature for most solutes and increasing proportionally with partial pressure for gases. - Common concentration units (mass%, ppm, mole fraction, molarity, molality) and colligative properties that depend on solute quantity like vapor pressure depression, freezing point depression, and boiling point elevation. - Osmosis as the net movement of solvent from lower to higher solute concentration areas.

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    Chapter+Thirteen

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    This document discusses key concepts in solutions and solution chemistry including: - Intermolecular forces and how they affect solubility, with substances with similar forces being miscible and polarity affecting solubility. - Temperature and pressure effects on solubility, with solubility increasing with temperature for most solutes and increasing proportionally with partial pressure for gases. - Common concentration units (mass%, ppm, mole fraction, molarity, molality) and colligative properties that depend on solute quantity like vapor pressure depression, freezing point depression, and boiling point elevation. - Osmosis as the net movement of solvent from lower to higher solute concentration areas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    16 views3 pages

    Intermolecular Forces: Properties of Solutions

    Uploaded by

    hayek_james
    This document discusses key concepts in solutions and solution chemistry including: - Intermolecular forces and how they affect solubility, with substances with similar forces being miscible and polarity affecting solubility. - Temperature and pressure effects on solubility, with solubility increasing with temperature for most solutes and increasing proportionally with partial pressure for gases. - Common concentration units (mass%, ppm, mole fraction, molarity, molality) and colligative properties that depend on solute quantity like vapor pressure depression, freezing point depression, and boiling point elevation. - Osmosis as the net movement of solvent from lower to higher solute concentration areas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    12/21/2011

    IntermolecularForces
    Hydration

    ChapterThirteen
    PropertiesofSolutions

    Solvation

    Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th ed. CH 112 - General Chemistry II Passaic County Community College Dr. Fred Safarowic

    SolutionEnthalpy

    EnthalpyChange

    H so ln = H1 + H 2 + H 3

    SolutionFormation
    Entropy Randomness increases Spontaneous Solution formation favored when entropy increases

    SaturatedSolutions
    Solute + Solvent dissolve crystallize Solution

    Saturated Unsaturated

    Solubility Supersaturated

    12/21/2011

    SoluteSolvent
    Thestrongertheinteractions,thegreaterthesolubility Polarity Immiscible Substanceswithsimilarintermolecularforces aresolubleinoneanother Miscible

    PressureEffects
    Onlyaffectsgasses

    Solubilityincreasesin proportiontothepartial pressuresabovesolution

    HenrysLaw

    Sg =kPg

    TemperatureEffects
    Solubilityincreaseswithtemperatureexceptforgasses

    ConcentrationFormulas
    Mass% ppm

    MoleFraction

    Molarity

    Molality

    Colligative Properties
    Dependsonquantity,notidentityofsolute

    VaporPressure
    Volatile

    FreezingPointDepression BoilingPointElevation Nonvolatile Raoults Law Vaporpressurereduction OsmoticPressure PA =XaPoA

    12/21/2011

    BoilingPointElevation

    FreezingPointDepression
    Tf =Kfm

    Tb =Kbm

    Freezingpointofasolutionislower thanthepuresolution

    Osmosis

    MolarMass

    Netmovementof solventisfrom solvent is from lowertohigher concentration

    SampleExercise13.12

    Colloids
    DispersedParticles Tyndal Effect

    Hydrophilic

    Hydrophobic

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